Lecture Discovering nutrition - Chapter 8a: Spotlight on metabolism and energy balance

After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Transferring food energy to cellular energy, the cell is the metabolic processing center, who are the key energy players? breakdown and release of energy,...

o glucose • Gluconeogenesis • Fat and protein are primary fuel Special States • Fasting – The early weeks • – Several weeks of fasting • – Several energy-conservation strategies Rely on stored body fat The end is near • Muscle atrophy and emaciation • Sacrificed muscle tissue in attempt to Energy Balance • • Energy intake vs energy output Energy equilibrium – Intake = output – Maintain weight Energy Balance • • Positive energy balance – Intake > output – Gain weight Negative energy balance – Intake < output – Lose weight Energy In • Regulation of intake – Internal cues • Hunger – Prompts • Satiation – Signals • eating to stop eating Satiety – Tells when you are ready to eat again Energy In • Regulation of intake – External cues • Appetite – Psychological – Influenced desire to eat by the eating environment Energy In • Control by committee – What stimulates our cues? • Internal, physiological response • Eating environment Energy In • Internal factors – Gastrointestinal sensations • – Sense of fullness Neurological and hormonal factors • Neuropeptide Y • Ghrelin • Leptin Energy In • External factors – Diet composition • • – Energy density, balance of energy sources, and form Macronutrients Sensory properties • Taste ... Several energy- conservation strategies Rely on stored body fat The end is near • Muscle atrophy and emaciation • Sacrificed muscle tissue in attempt to Energy Balance • • Energy intake vs energy. .. Neurological and hormonal factors • Neuropeptide Y • Ghrelin • Leptin Energy In • External factors – Diet composition • • – Energy density, balance of energy sources, and form Macronutrients Sensory... Major components of energy expenditure – Energy expenditure at rest (basal energy expenditure) • • Energy for basic body functions Affected by body size, composition, age, and gender Energy Out: