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After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Factors in the development of obesity, childhood overweight, health risks of overweight and obesity, obesity is a preventable national crisis, weight management, underweight,...
Spotlight on Obesity and Weight Management Obesity as a Behavioral Problem • • People respond differently to different strategies and different situations Obesity rates in the U.S have increased dramatically in the past three decades – Adults – Children Factors in the Development of Obesity • Biological Factors – Fat Cell Development • • • Hypercellular obesity Hypertrophic obesity Hyperplastic obesity • Factors in the Development of Obesity Biological Factors – Sex and Age – Race and Ethnicity Factors in the Development of Obesity • Social and Environmental Factors – – Socioeconomic Status • Food insecurity • Level of education Environment • Where you live • Build environment Factors in the Development of Obesity • Lifestyle and Behavior Factors – How Often Do You Eat Out? – Our Social Networks Factors in the Development of Obesity • Social and environmental Factors – Lack of Physical Activity – Psychological Factors – Emotional Eating • Restrained eaters • Binge eaters Childhood Overweight • • Let’s Move! Childhood and Teenage Obesity: “The First Generation That Does Not Outlive Its Parents” Weight Management • What Goals Should I Set? – Focus on living a lifestyle that includes • • Eating moderate amounts of healthful foods Getting plenty of exercise • Thinking positively • Learning to cope with Weight Management • Adopting a Healthy WeightManagement Lifestyle – Permanent healthy behaviors needed for longterm weight management lifestyle Weight Management • Diet and Eating Habits – Total Calories • Lose weight by consuming fewer calories than you expend – Crash Diets Don’t Work – Balancing Energy Sources: Fat • Reducing fat can limit total calories Weight Management • Diet and Eating Habits – Balancing Energy Sources: Carbohydrates • • – Provide important nutrients But watch portion sizes and limit high-fat accompaniments Balancing Energy Sources: Protein • High-protein diets typically restrict types of foods consumed, which is true source of any weight loss Weight Management • Diet and Eating Habits – Eating Habits • Don’t skip meals—eat regularly • “Everything in moderation” Weight Management • Physical Activity – Vital component of weight management – Discourages overeating by reducing stress – Regular exercise of moderate intensity provides substantial health benefits Weight Management • Thinking and Emotions – Negative emotions can undermine healthy lifestyle – Positive self-talk is encouraged Weight Management • Thinking and Emotions – Stress Management • ABC model of behavior Weight Management • Thinking and Emotions – Balancing Acceptance and Change • Self-acceptance necessary • Self-acceptance ≠ complacency Weight Management • Weight-Management Approaches – Self-Help Books and Manuals – Meal Replacements – Self-Help Groups – Commercial Programs – Professional Private Counselors – Food and Drug Administration-Approved Weight-Loss Medications Weight Management • WeightManagement Approaches – Over-the-Counter Drugs and Dietary Supplements Used for Weight Loss – Surgery Underweight • Diverse Causes – Altered response to hunger and appetite – Factors in eating disorders – Metabolic and hereditary factors – Psychological and emotional stress – Addiction to alcohol and street drugs – Bizarre diet patterns Underweight • Weight-Gain Strategies – Have small, frequent meals – Drink fluids at the end of the meal – Try high-calorie weight-gain beverages and foods – Use timers or other cues to prompt eating – Take a balanced vitamin/mineral supplement ... model of behavior Weight Management • Thinking and Emotions – Balancing Acceptance and Change • Self-acceptance necessary • Self-acceptance ≠ complacency Weight Management • Weight- Management Approaches... Self-Help Books and Manuals – Meal Replacements – Self-Help Groups – Commercial Programs – Professional Private Counselors – Food and Drug Administration-Approved Weight- Loss Medications Weight Management. .. for weight loss and management – Dietary interventions, physical activity, behavior and environmental modifications, surgical and pharmacological treatments Weight Management • The Perception