THE PALGRAVE HANDBOOK OF SUSTAINABILITY Case Studies and Practical Solutions Edited by Robert Brinkmann and Sandra J Garren The Palgrave Handbook of Sustainability Robert Brinkmann • Sandra J Garren Editors The Palgrave Handbook of Sustainability Case Studies and Practical Solutions Editors Robert Brinkmann Hofstra University Hempstead, NY, USA Sandra J Garren Hofstra University Hempstead, NY, USA ISBN 978-3-319-71388-5 ISBN 978-3-319-71389-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71389-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018936352 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Cover illustration: Yuri_Arcurs/gettyimages Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to everyone who tries to make the world a better place through sustainability efforts in their home, their community, their nation, and the world Preface The idea for this book emerged from conversations we had years ago when we saw that there was a need for greater information about practical and real- world examples of sustainability efforts from around the world We were inspired by people like Wangari Maathai who worked hard in her own community yet stirred the world to think about local and global sustainability connections It was our goal to showcase how people around the world were finding ways to come to terms with their sustainability challenges to not only inspire us but to teach us We believe we have accomplished this goal We hope the book will be of interest to anyone who wants to learn about ways that sustainability is addressed throughout the world The book was also inspired by our students We have been teaching in the environmental field for many years, and we have found that students are motivated to get engaged in the field of sustainability if they can learn about real-world situations As a result, each chapter of this book not only has significant background about a particular sustainability topic, it also has a case study to provide context for the issue at hand While defining sustainability can be problematic, we took a traditional approach in framing sustainability within the venerable three E’s of the field: environment, equity, and economy The first three parts of the book are roughly divided into these three areas But we also attempted to obtain distinct regional examples of sustainability initiatives from around the world that can be framed more holistically These examples make up the final part of the book We tried to be comprehensive in scope throughout all four parts However, any attempt to be comprehensive in a book like this will be flawed at the end It is just impossible to capture all areas of sustainability in a time like this The field and the world is just too vast Please forgive any omissions vii viii Preface in content Because sustainability is a holistic field, many chapters cover themes that might fit in other sections of the book We know our readers are sophisticated consumers of sustainability information and will understand the challenges inherent in trying to divide sustainability content into comprehensive sections Our work on the book, and the work of many of the authors, was informed by the tumultuous times in which we live We started working with contributing authors on their pieces in 2016 around the time of the Brexit vote and the subsequent elections that resulted in the US presidency of Donald Trump As we write this preface in late 2017, throughout the world, there is great concern about the future of sustainability initiatives and even greater concern about the future of our planet in general, given the saber rattling of nuclear powers While some people live in places where sustainability is about technological innovation, many others live in places where sustainability is about trying to find clean water and safety We believe that the examples in this book are extremely important at this unique moment of time in our collective history They not only give us a way forward, but they also give us faith that we can work together to solve significant problems Putting together such a big book came with some challenges We worked with dozens of authors from around the world We are so grateful for their contributions Their efforts to make the world a better place motivated us We are lucky to have so many outstanding authors as contributors Unfortunately, some of the authors had health, family, or professional challenges and had to drop out of the project While we regret not being able to publish their work, it was wonderful to get to know them We were truly humbled by the work of so many people in very different settings Perhaps one of the biggest challenges we had in developing this book was how to make this work speak to a global audience Each case study is on a different topic and in a different setting How these pieces work together? As the chapters came in, we found that while sustainability infused all the writing, what really brought the work together is the process and the people All over the world, individuals and communities are joining to work on important issues that have real implications for the survivability of the planet and the quality of life for future generations The people involved with the case studies in the chapters represent just a small number trying to make the world a better place The chapters not only inform us how to sustainability, they also give us hope New York, NY, USA Robert Brinkmann Sandra J. Garren Acknowledgments We would like to thank the authors of the individual chapters who contributed to this volume In addition, the support of our family and friends is deeply appreciated—especially Mario Gomez and Rachel Kling We would also like to thank our students who helped with many aspects of this book: Keshanti Nandlall, Lauren D’Orsa, and Mathew Huxel Finally, we are grateful to the terrific editorial team at Palgrave Rachael Ballard has been a constant support as we developed this book ix Editors and Contributors Editors Robert Brinkmann is the Vice Provost for Scholarship and Research and Dean for Graduate Studies at Hofstra University which is located on Long Island in New York He is also a Professor of Geology, Environment, and Sustainability He has a Ph.D in Geography and a Master’s degree and Bachelor’s degree in Geology He has served on the writing team of the Long Island Regional Economic Development Council His research focuses largely on human alteration of the planet Specifically, he is interested in soil and water pollution and alteration of karst terrain He has published dozens of books and articles on sustainability topics Most recently, he is the author of Introduction to Sustainability, one of the first major sustainability textbooks published He is also the co-editor of this book and the book series editor for environmental sustainability with Palgrave His writing has been featured on CNN, Newsday, Huffington Post, and his blog, On the Brink He has appeared on a number of television (CNN, CBS News) and radio stations to talk about sustainability issues Brinkmann was recently awarded the Eddie Mitchell Memorial Award for his work on human rights in Florida Sandra J. Garren, Ph.D. is the Director of Sustainability Research at the National Center for Suburban Studies at Hofstra University She is also the Director of Sustainability Studies and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geology, Environment, and Sustainability at Hofstra University She completed her doctorate in Geography and Environmental Science and Policy Program in the Department of Geosciences at the University of South Florida, xi xii Editors and Contributors Tampa, in May 2014 She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Earth Science/Geology and a Master’s degree in Teaching In total, Sandra has more than 25 years of experience in both academic and environmental sustainability fields which includes principal investigator, project management, and technical expertise for scientific investigations related to sustainability, greenhouse gas accounting, climate change policy, water management, energy, and environmental regulation Her research is focused on sustainability, water management, and climate policy issues both globally and nationally (including federal, state, and local governments) and is interdisciplinary and specifically focused on applied science and policy that solve problems and find solutions to the negative impacts of climate change and other environmental challenges She currently teaches courses in sustainable development, sustainability theory, sustainable energy, and geospatial applications in sustainability Contributors Kristin Aunan is Senior Research Fellow at Center for International Climate and Environmental Research in Oslo (CICERO) Her research focuses on exposure to and health effects of air pollution in ambient and indoor environments in China Christopher Schreier-Barreto is an architect for the Ricardo Palma University and photographer by the Peruvian Institute of Art and Design He is a candidate for a Master of Science degree with a major in Architecture: History, Theory, and Critique by the National University of Engineering He is a full-time Assistant Professor of the Architecture and Project Development Degree at the University of Lima’s Office of Academic Projects He has conducted research on environmental topics for the Institute of Scientific Research of the same university since 2015 He has also participated in various academic publications and professional diffusion with articles on theory and analysis of work, as well as photographs of architecture Michelle R. Oswald Beiler is an Associate Professor of Civil and Environ mental Engineering at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, PA. Her primary research focus is on sustainable transportation engineering with an emphasis on sustainable performance metrics, pedestrian and cycling mobility, and climate change adaptation planning She is a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Accredited Professional (LEED AP), a Professional Engineer (PE) in the state of Pennsylvania, and a Professional Transportation Planner (PTP) Index Montreal Process Criteria, 31 Moon Cheese, 334 Moore, J. E., 5, Moore, S., 528 More Carrot, 334 Mortality, 227 Moscone Centre, 585 Mössner, S., 549 Mother Teresa, 700 Mouftah, 622 Mousseau, Tim, 284 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21), 789 M-Pesa, mobile finance, 660 Msheireb (Downtown Doha, Qatar), 827 MTN, South African franchises, 661 Mubadala, in Abu Dhabi, 825–826 Mubadala Development Company, 825 Mubadala Energy Division, 825 Muir, J., 27 Al-Multaqa landfills, 169 Multi-criteria analysis (MCA), 270, 271 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), 749 Mumbai, full-fledged suburban rail systems, 682–683 Munich University of Applied Sciences (MUAS), 772 higher education for sustainable development, 772–783 Municipal and strategic plans, in city sustainability, 759 Municipal Climate Protection Efforts, 126–128 Municipal operations sustainability plan, in GreenWorks Orlando, Florida, 764–765 Municipal Operations Sustainability Plan, 762 Municipal solid waste (MSW) management, 162, 165, 687 857 Municipal waste, 159 Municipally owned utilities, 108 Murphey, D., 129 Muscat, 169 M-way Migros, 476–477 N Nagasaki, 286, 287 Nagpur, water supply scheme, public- private partnership mode, 690 Al-Nahyan, HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed bin Sultan (Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi), 804 Nakanishi, Y., 368n33 Nash, I., 290 Nassau County, 443 Nation Media Group, 660 National Air Quality (NAQ), 680 National Air Quality Monitoring Index (NAQI), 680 National Air Quality Monitoring Program (NAQMP), 680 National Center for Safe Routes to School, 790 National Development Tourism Act, 525 National Environmental Act, 529 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 30, 638 National Forest Management Act of 1976, 30 National Forest Policy of 1995, 524, 525 National Forest Policy of Sri Lanka, 538, 539 National Frameworks, 12 National Health Science report, 284 National Housing Policy, 706 National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico, 718 National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, 385 858 Index National Park Service, 27 National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ), 710 National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy (NRTEE), 645 National Solid Waste Management Plan (NSWMP), 177 National Task Force on Environment and the Economy (NTFEE), 645 National Urban Transport Policy, 689 National Waste Management Strategy Qatar, 167 Saudi Arabia, 166 National Wildlife Federation, 574 Natural and cultural resources, 443 Natural assets, 440 Natural fiber, 600 Natural gas utility, 114 Natural landscapes, 21–32 Natural resource management, 22, 30 Nearly Zero-Energy Building (NZEB), 549 Neiman Marcus upscale retailer, 602 Nepal, urban population in, 673 New BRICS Bank, 658 New Urban Agenda of HABITAT-III, 674 New Urbanism, 729 New York, 100 New York City Department of Transportation, 789–790 Newfoundland, 213–217, 221, 222 Newman, P., 728 NHBC, 559 Nicolas (Nic), 418, 422–424 Nidumolu, R., 467, 468 Niga (vigil), 690 Nigeria, 313 Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), 661 Nitrates, 66 Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers, 270 Nitrogen oxides (NOx), 140 Nitta, I., 289–291 Nixon, R., 638 Nizzamuddin Bauli, 686 Njogu, K., 656 NO DRIVING DAY PROGRAM, 719, 721 decrease air pollution, 722 Environmental Commission of the Mexican Megalopolis, 720 official website, 720 public transportation network capacity, 722 transportation system of City of Mexico, 721 unfriendly cars and old cars, 722 vehicle emission test, 719 vehicle plate, 720 No-car day, 719 Nogales, H., 184 Nolke, A., 659 Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), 660 “No-net withdrawal” condition, 55, 65 Nongovernmental organization (NGO), 266 Non-motorized mobility, 787 BosWash corridor, 789–795 Non-motorized transports (NMT), 683, 723 Non-profit organizations, 375, 455 Non-revenue water (NRW), 689, 690 Non-sanitary landfill, 163 Non-traditional security (NTS), 655 water, energy and food, 662–664 Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), 600 Nordstrom upscale retailers, 602 North America, 635 conservation and preservation movements, 637 North American Agreement of Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), 640 Index North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC), 640 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 639 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 732 Northeast Corridor, 788, 797 Northern Central Railroad (NCR), 792 Nottingham, UK child poverty, 251 educational attainment, 251 housing and urban morphology, 252, 253 income and other inequalities, 248–251 methods and indicators, 245–246 sustainable city, 246–247 Novozymes, 456 Nuclear disaster, 283, 286, 287, 291 Nyamu, Jim, 349 NYC Plaza Program, 790 O Objections, Recommendations, and Comments (ORC) report, 745 Oekom Research, 468, 474 Office Environmental Programs (OEP), 488, 494, 500 Office of Sustainability, 570 Offset costs, 381 Offshore Financial Centers (OFCs), 664 O’Flaherty, B., 674 Oil embargo, 549 Öko-bau Rheinland, 556 Olson, M., 284, 286 Olympic Park, 584 Omani coasts, 819 Omidyar Network, 660, 663 One Belt One Road (OBOR), 661 Open space zoning, 746, 751 Operating system (OS), 616 859 Operational land holdings, 261 Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs), 80, 81, 88, 89 Oracle, 660 Orams, M. B., 527 Oregon, 508, 509, 513, 514, 517 Oregon Community College, 511, 516, 517 Oregon Manufacturing Extension Partnership, 508 Organic Act of 1897, 29 Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 639, 718, 732, 776 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 99, 549 Organizational Frameworks, 13, 14 Orlando Comprehensive Community Plan, 764 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area, 759 Orlando Runs on Sun, 766 Orr, D., 567 Oruro, 185 Other Effective Area Based Conservation Measures (OEABCM), 216 Our Common Future Report, 2, 6, 359, 360, 362, 386, 645 Outgrowths (OG) areas, 677 P Pacific Controls Headquarters Building, 819 Palmer Drought Stress Index (PDSI), 62, 63 Pampa Galeras, 193 Pampa Galeras Vicuña Reserve, 183 Panama Papers, 437–438 Pandey, V. P., 55, 68 860 Index Paredes Benitez, C., 393 Paris Agreement, 48, 103, 122, 717 on climate change, 674 Paris Climate Accord, 16, 500 Paris Climate Agreement, 46, 485 Parking and Transportation Department (WKU), 571 Partial line replacements, 86–87 Partial LSL replacements (PLSLRs), 86 Participatory impact assessment (PIA), 269, 271 Particulate matter (PM), 139 Partnering, sustainable businesses, 458 Partnership ethic, 295 Passivhaus, 552, 556, 557 PayPal, 730 PDSI, see Palmer Drought Stress Index Peace Boat, 293 Pearl Rating System, 825 Peatlands, 39, 41, 46 Peats Ridge Festival, 586 Pedersen, O. W., 367n3, 367n13, 368n21, 368n28 Pedestrian facilities, in BosWash corridor, 789–790 in New York city, 789 open area space, 790 plazas, 789 safety issues, 790 SRTS program, 790 WalkNYC program, 790 zones, 735 Pedestrian catchment area (ped-shed), 728 Pelham, T., 745 Pension insurances, 731 Per capita waste, 164, 170 Performance zoning, 746, 748 Peri-urban agriculture, 417 Peri-urban areas, 692 Permablitz, 423 Permaculture, 414, 415, 419–421, 423, 424 Personal costs, 88 Personal sustainability, 331–344 Personal Sustainability Plans (PSPs), 332 Peru, 183–186, 188, 193, 195, 196, 199–201, 385 Pesticides, 600 toxicity, 413 Phoenix 2050, 487, 500 Physicians for Social Responsibility, 296n1 Phytoremediation, 377 Pieterse, J. N., 653, 657, 659 Pillsbury, A. F., 56 Pinchot, F. G., 26–28 Pinderhughes, R. R., 503 Pitawala Patana Forest Reserve, 523, 529–531, 533–539, 542, 543 conservation of environment, 531–533 Pittman-Robertson Act of 1937, 29 Planning and budgeting, 89 Planning Commission of India, 686 Plant-based dyes, 610 Planting Festival, 590 Platform as a Service (PaaS), 617 Playa del Fuego event, 344 Plumbing, 89 PlusEnergy Houses, 557 Poaching, 348, 351, 352 Point-of-use (POU) water filters, 87 Poi spinning, 343 Polese, 242 Policy tool utilization rates, 747 Political access, 436 Political activism, 421 Political leadership, 347–353 Pollution, 16 Popular seed-fertilizer approach, 265 Population density, 718 encroachment, 741 loss, 83 Pop-up shops, 608 Index Portney, K. E., 762 Positive behavioral shifts, 337 Post-suburban spaces Luxembourg, 730 place-specific and path dependent, 735 in small states, 728 Potential intervention strategies, 307 Potosí, 185 Poultry, 820 Poverty, 682, 711 Poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), 317 Power usage effectiveness (PUE), 620 Prahald, K., 467 Precariousness risk, 504 Precipitation, 54 Primary PM, 140 Pro-nuclear village, 285 Project Grow campus community garden, 575 Pro-nuclear factions, 285 Pro-poor service delivery, 699 Proportionate fair share mitigation, 747 Public awareness campaign, 172 Public cycling, 735 Public housing, 255 Public policies, 120 Public toilets, in Trichy, 684 Public transportation network, 721, 722 Public use land acquisition, 746 Public Works Department, 378 Public–private partnerships, 710 Purpose-built event venues, 585 Purushothaman, S., 262, 274 Pushkarev, B., 796 Putnam, Robert, 636 Puyo Puyo, 196, 198 Q Qatar, 163 Qatar National Convention Center (Doha), 827 861 Qatar National Development Strategy, 167–168 QSA, see Quantification Settlement Agreement QSR NVivo 10 Software, 305 Quality core values, 332 definition of, 331 system for auditing operations and continuous improvement, 331 Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA), 58, 60 Queensland, Australia, 587 Queensland Folk Federation (QFF), 587–590 R Radiation Brain Moms and Citizen Scientists: The Gender Politics of Food Contamination After Fukushima, 284, 286, 290 Radical Inclusion, 337 Radical self-expression, 337 Radical self-reliance, 337 Radiophobia, Women, and Patriarchy, 284 Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, 792 Rail trails, 791 Rainforest Alliance Certified, 455 Rain gardens, 574 Ramirez de la Cruz, Edgar E., 740 Ramsar sites, 688 Random-access memory (RAM), 616, 617 Rangaswami, Madhavan R., 467 Ransdell, Gary, 570, 574 Rapid bus transit, 724 Rare earth elements (REE), 619 Ras al-Khaimah Investment Authority (RAKIA), 819 Rawda Rashed landfill, 166 REACH regulation, 364 Real estate developers, 375 Real estate industry, 688 862 Index Rebuttable presumptions, 44 Reconnaissance surveys, 530 Recycling, 165, 170, 179, 371 centers, 163 efforts, 168 infrastructure, 179 rate, 165 Reddy, D. N., 263 Redgwell, C., 367n5, 367n9 Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), 47 Reference Man, 286 Regional Association of Vicuña Managers in Apolobamba (RAVAM), 195 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), 111, 124 Regional repercussions, 42, 43 Regulatory effort, 228 Regulatory gaps, 87–88 Regulatory oversight, 87 Relative cost-effectiveness, 40 RENEW concept EILEEN FISHER, Inc., 610–612 an initiative, 607 Renewable energy, 99–115 Renewable energy credit (REC), 111, 112, 114 Renewable energy policy, 100 Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), 550 Renewable Northwest (ReNW), 508–509, 511–513, 515, 516 Renewable portfolio standards (RPSs), 100, 114, 125 Renewable sources, 688 Renewable vs nonrenewable ecosystem, 25 Renters, 733 Republic of Iraq, 176, 177 National Solid Waste Management Plan (NSWMP), 177 Request for proposal (RFP), 491 “Resiliency” of ecosystems, 31 Resource consumption, 549 Resource management, 644 Resource scarcity, 549 Responsible travel, 524, 531, 536, 543 Retailing, 479 Re-use, 371 Richter scale, 284 Right to the City, 244 Rio+20, 361 The Rio Declaration, 7, 360, 362, 367n17 Rio Earth Summit, 361 Riverwalk, 379 Riyadh, 165 Rockstrom, J., Rohrmeier, K., 343, 344 Rojas, T., 393 Roosevelt, T., 637 Roufechaei, K., 394 Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, 548 Rozva irrigation scheme, 709 Rukuni, M., 713 Rusaifeh Landfill Project, 176 Rushcliffe, 245, 252 Rustbelt, 372 Rwanda, civil war in, 703 S SA8000 certification, 607 Sabkha-flats sand, 803 Safaricom, 660 Safe Routes for Seniors, 790 Safe Routes to School (SRTS), 789 Safe yield, 55 St Joseph, LA, 87 Sajama, 189 Salalah, 169 Sales tax, 743 in Florida, 741 Sanders, Bernie, 101 Santiago, 419 Sato, Sachiko, 289, 291 Index Saudi Arabia, 163, 165 Saudi Arabian MSW, 165 Saudi waste management system, 165 Sax, J., 68 Scalability, 623 Scaling up, 299 Schengen Agreement, 732 School concurrency, 747 Scotford, E., 367n2 Scott, R., 741, 744 Second World War, 637 Secondary PM, 140 Second-order learning, 555 Segregation, 246 Self-actualization, Self-directed learning, in MESD, 780–781 Senegal, 703 Service delivery in Africa, 702–705 concept of, 699–700 evidence-based policies or interventions, 711 human capital forms, 701 stakeholder participation, 702 in Zimbabwe, 705–706 Sethia, N. K., 468 Sewerage, 681 Shah, M., 686 Shahtoosh, 185 Sharjah, 164, 819 Sharoo, online car-sharing platform, 477–478 Shellfish species, 214 Sheth, J. N., 468 Short-term Solutions, sustainability of, 87 Shrivastava, P., 369n49 Shuaiba, 170 Shura, 807 Siemens, 818, 823 Sierpinski triangle, 386 Sievert, 296n1 Silent Spring, 294, 413, 638 863 Simultaneous equations model (SEM), 270, 271 Singapore Transboundary Haze Pollution Act (THPA), 38, 44, 48 Situational systematology, 778–779 Sixth Environmental Action Program, 363 Skype, 730 Slater, D. J., 283, 293 Slow city movement, 302 Slums, 682 Small Arms Survey (SAS), 664 Small closures efficacy, 207–231 Small farmers, 262, 263, 265, 277 Small holder farming, 261 Small-scale agriculture, 411–426 Small-scale farming, 262 Small states Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 730 on international relation, 732 Luxembourg, political-economic niche, 736 welfare investments in, 731 Smart Building Center of Excellence, 823 Smart Cities Mission, 674, 690 Smart grids, 818–819, 823 Smith, A., 557, 559, 700 Smith, A. M., 287–289, 293, 294 Social Accountability International, 607 Social capital, 242 Social cohesion, 242 Social Consciousness Team, 606 Social equity, 16, 650 Social factors, 306, 528 Social goals, 456 Social housing classification of sustainability criteria, 393–396 in developing countries, 407 in less-developed countries, 389–391 864 Index Social innovation, 323, 324 Social Innovators Award, 605, 610, 612 Social justice, 243–245 Social media, 621 Social movements, 299 Social networking, 453 Social opportunity, 503 Social responsibility, 451 Social sustainability, 241–257, 313, 425 in literature, 242–243 Socially responsible investment, 302 Société Européenne des Satellites (SES), 730 Socio-cultural trade-off, 272 Socio-ecological systems, 23 Socio-economic collapse, 84 Socio-economic inequality, 241, 242, 245, 255 Socio-environmental factors, 324 Software as a Service (SaaS), 617 Soil degradation, 278n1 microbiology, 414 tilling, 412 Solar Inc., 512 Solid waste generation, 165 Solid waste management (SWM), 160, 162, 168, 169 Sound camps, 334 South Asia, 302 Southeast Asia, 37, 45 South Florida, 418, 422 Spain, 728 Sparkle Ponies, 341–343 Spatial justice, 245 Spatial mapping, 42 Spatial scale, 211, 220, 226, 228 Spatial shift, 796 Special economic zones, 822 Special events, 583 Specialty Coffee Association of America’s Sustainability Council, 461 SPI, see Standardized Precipitation Index Spielmann, C., 478 Spring flow of groundwater, 54, 61 Sri Lanka, 523 Sri Lanka Tourist Board, 524, 525 Srinivas, S., 468 Stakeholders, 129, 210–212, 221, 227, 451, 453, 455, 456, 459, 555, 595 collaborations, 479 expanded view of, 452–453 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), 62 State corruption in African states, 704 non-state actors, 705, 708 service delivery, 699 water irrigation in, 709 State agricultural institutions, 277 State Comprehensive Plan, 742, 743 State Council (2013) plan, 145, 147 State Council (2016), 147 State of Kuwait, 169 scourge of landfills, 170–171 waste management situation, 170 State of Qatar, 166 National Waste Management Strategy, 167 state of the affairs, 166 State of the affairs Jordan, 175 Oman, 168 Qatar, 166 State-of-the-art technologies, 167 State-owned companies, dominance of, 162 State-sponsored weatherization program, 508 State tax liability, 374 Statistical tests, 306 Status quo, 244 Steffen, W., STEM disciplines, 570 Index Sterling, S., 568, 570 Stewart, A., 286, 294, 296n1 Stirling, A., 559 Stockholm Declaration, 360 Stone processing services, 819 Storm water management, 574 Strascheg Center for Entrepreneurship, 782 Streamflow, 54 Streetcar system, 378 Stren, C., 242 Stubborn gap, 127 Stuenkel, Oliver, 653 Sub-criteria valuation matrix, 397 Submarine cables, 710 Subnational Governments, 13 Subsurface hydrology, 54 Suffolk County, 443 Sulaibiyah, 170, 171 Sulaimaniya, 177, 178 Sulfur dioxide (SO2), 140, 146 Sultanate of Oman, 168 state of the affairs, 168 Sundry Civil Appropriations Act, 26 Sunikka-Blank, M., 554 Superfund areas, 373 Superfund Trust Fund, 373 Supply chain, 451, 459, 462 Supply chain management, 457–458 Supply Chain Management, 481 Sustainability agriculture, 411, 413 assessment, 11–12 building certifications, 391–393 Burning Man event, case study of, 333–338 challenges and barriers in, 341–344 coordinator, 570 customer-centered approach, 468 definitions, 2–6 externalities in, 332–333 frameworks, 11–15 in global context, 635–637 good governance, 701 865 in HFA, 701 human factor, 702 key elements in, 468 in North America, 635–651 personal sustainability, definition of, 332 personal sustainability plans, 332 policy design at multiple scales, 37 potential, 268 quality system, 331 reporting, 453 significance in modern era, 15–16 United Nations and, 6–11 of Vicuña conservation, 183 Sustainability principles carbon-dioxide decoupling, 723 hoy no circula, 718 Sustainable Apparel Coalition, 458 Sustainable businesses, 451–464 case study, 459–461 partnering and, 458 public policy, engaging in, 458, 459 transparent operations, 453 Sustainable Community Strategy, 250 Sustainable development (SD) according to Brundtland Report, 360 agenda, 179 challenges and barriers in, 366–367 concept of, 359–360 defined, 55 and environmental law, 362–364 growth of, 360–362 in land use, 746, 752 new trends in, 364–366 pillar in, 679 social equity pillar, 676 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 9–11, 13, 313, 324, 456, 637, 648–651, 674, 679 key principles, 679 Sustainable groundwater management, 59–61 866 Index Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, 68 Sustainable management, of vicuña, 201 Sustainable purchasing, 491, 499 Sustainable Purchasing Policy, 500 Sustainable renewable energy, 99 Sustainable service delivery, 711 Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), 457 Sustainable transportation planning, 787 Sustainable transportation system definition of, 718 in Mexico, 718–721 Sustainable waste management system, 172 Sustainable water resources management, groundwater depletion, 53–68 Sustained Yield Act, 27 Swain, L. A., 58 Sweden, 559 Swerdlow, A., 283 Swiss animal welfare standard, 473 Swiss francs, 469, 470 Switzerland, 728 customer demands in (see Migros, Swiss sustainable retailer) SWM system, 323 Swyngedouw, E., 244 Sycamore International, 625 T Tahwa landfills, 169 Tambo Cañahaus, 196 Tampa Bay Estuary program, 380 Tampa Heights, 377, 378 Tanneries, 601 Tanzania, 703 Target Emissions Rate (TER), 550 Tarija, 185 Task Force, 88 Tax breaks, 434 credit programs, 374 credits, 374 liabilities, 380 revenues, 731 Taxis, 721, 722 Al-Tayer, Saeed Mohammed, 819 Taylor, M, 462 Taylor Grazing Act of 1934, 29 Technical assistance, 435 Technical coefficients, 273 Technical Group on Urban Housing Shortage, 682 TechnoGIN (TCG), 270 Temporal shift, 796 TerraSuisse, 469, 475 Tesco, 468 Theis, C. V., 54, 55 Thelgamu Oya, 531 Thermoelectric power plants, 719 Thi Qar, 177 13th Five-Year Plan, 145, 146 Thomas, B. F., 64, 68 Thomson Reuters Foundations, 722 Thoreau, H. D., Thumrait landfills, 169 Tibetan Antelope, 185 TICK, 659 Tickner, A. B., 656 Tier-I and tier-II cities, 686, 693 Tier-III cities, 693 Timucuan tribe, 379 Toepfer, K., 45 Tofield, B., 557 Tokwe-Mukosi dam project, 709 Toledo Crisis, 413 Tonohora, Y., 291 Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail, 792 Tourism, 435, 437, 440 Traditional neighborhood development (TND), 789 Index Traffic congestion, 683 Traffic-light system, 473 Trails, 788 in BosWash corridor, 791–792 Training services, 508 Transboundary haze pollution, 37–49 Transfer of development rights (TDR), 746, 748, 751 Transit BosWash corridor, 792–793 bus rapid transit, 789, 793 high-speed rail, 794–795 light rail transit, 793–794 mass, 787 non-motorized, 788 Transit-oriented community, 375 Transmission and distribution (T&D) losses, 689, 690 Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TTP), 365 Transparent operations, 453–454 Trash management, 334 Travel speeds, 683 Treaty of Amsterdam, 363 Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) (TEU), 363 Treaty on the functioning of the EU (TFEU), 363 Tree Campus USA, 574, 579 Treehugger Organic Farms, 417, 418, 425 Triandis’ Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour, 305 Triple bottom line concept, 387 Triple convergence, 796 Trolley Barn building, 382 Trucial States, 803 Trump, Donald, viii, 103, 114, 446 Tuition-free public education, 731 Two-tier local authorities, 245 867 U UAE sustainability policy, 807–817 sustainable projects, 808–820 UAE Vision 2021, 807–817 Uber hailing app, 660 UK, 301, 303, 304, 549–552, 559, 560 Ulele restaurant, 381 Ulrich, K., 283, 286, 294 UMass Boston on Global Governance and Human Security, 655 Umm Al-Afai landfill, 166, 167 Umm al-Quwain (Al-Ali tribe), 820 UN Climate Change Conference (COP21), 122 UN Conference, World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), UN Declaration of Human Rights, 607 UNESCAP report (2015), 695n4 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change agreement, 637 Union apprenticeship programs, 508 United Nations (UN), 241, 456, 607, 732 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) (1992), United Nations Conference on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (1994), United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (2012) (UNCSD), 9–11, 361 United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED), 360 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972), 6, 7, 360 868 Index United Nations conference, in Rio, 727 United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 176 United Nations Earth Summit (1997), United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), 655 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), 7, 348, 390, 639 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 8, 46, 121, 146 United Nations Global Compact, 458 United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), 2, United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) (2002), United States Department of Education Green Ribbon Schools award, 570 Universities for sustainable development—HRK, 771 University campuses, 568 University Energy Policy, WKU, 571 University of St Gallen, 481 Unsustainable consumption patterns, 179 Upcyclers, 305, 306 Upcycling, 299–308 Upper middle-class residents, 383 Urban definition of, 673 settelments in India, 673 Urban agglomerations (UA), 676 Urban agriculture, 417 Urban agriculture movement, 417 Urban containment of Florida, 739–741 policies, 739 Urban environment bioremediation, 377 Brownfields case study, 373–377 CERLCA, 373–374 Environmental Protection Agency, 372 phytoremediation, 377 urban planning and design professionals, 376 Waterworks Park, Tampa, Florida, 377–380 Urban farms, 424, 426 Urbanists, 371 Urbanization, 486, 705, 706 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), 674 Urban planning departments, 727 Urban poverty, 695n5 Urban social sustainability, 241, 254, 256 Urban sustainability access to housing services, 682 access to transportation services, 682–683 access to water and sanitation, 683–684 emergence of large cities and small towns in India, 676–678 historical legacy of urban form and function, 678–679 in Indian urbanization, 685–691 in quality of environment (air and water), 680–681 in 21st century in India, 679 Urban Sustainability Directors Network, 762 Urban vulnerability, 313–324 in informal waste management (IWM), 317–318 US Army, 663 US atmospheric bomb testing, 283 US cities, sustainability issues, 757 US cotton crop, genetically engineered, 600 USDA Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program, 423 US Department of Labor (DOL), 506 Index US environmental justice movement, 638 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 81, 90n1, 498, 638, 643 US Federal Policy, 122–124 US Forest Service, 21, 24, 27, 32 US Mayors Climate Protection Agreement, 129 US state and regional efforts, 124–126 Utilitarian conservation, 29 V Vallance, A., 242, 243 Value chain, 468, 475, 479, 480 van der Merwe, J., 653 van Wyk, Jo-Ansie, 354n10 Vandalism of public property, 712 Vassar, M., 100 Vehicle emission test, 719 Verde Gardens, 419 Vermont, CEP, 110, 111 Vermont Growing Renewable Energy/ Efficiency Employment Network (Vermont GREEN), 507–508, 510–513, 515 employers, 510–511 Victoria Falls, 710 Victorian-era homes, 377 Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 795 Vicuña capture and shearing, organization for, 194–196 conservation in Bolivia, 183–202 conservation management, 200 management and conservation of, 194 populations, 184, 186, 188–189, 199 study zone and communities, 192–199 Vicuña fiber 869 harvesting, 189, 199 prices for, 202 Vicuña fiber commercialization, 192 financial analysis of, 196–199 Vijayapura (ancient city in southern India), 686 Virtual desktop infrastructures (VDI), 616–618, 622, 623, 627 Virtualization software, 617 Visitor guidelines, 528 Visitor perceptions, 530 Visitors, conservation-oriented activities, 532 Vitruvius, 80 VMware ESXi 5.5 Hypervisor, 624 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 140, 153n5 Voluntary organizations, 272 Vrishabhavathy, ancient river in Bangalore, 687 Vulnerability, 314, 315, 324 W Wachsmuth, D., 730 Waever, O., 656 Wakhungu, J., 351 Walkability index, 682 Walkability plans, 789 Walking city, 789 WalkNYC, 790 Wall, G., 526–528 Wall Street crisis, 256 Wangari Maathai Day, 350 Wangari Maathai House, 350 War veterans, 705 Waste, 159 disposal, 162 dumps, 163 as liability, 161, 162 prevention, 179 scavengers, 165 sorting and recycling, 165 870 Index Waste (cont.) transfer stations, 167 workers, 313 Waste management challenges in, 160 legislative frameworks, 162, 167 positive developments, 163, 164 problem of, 178 recycling infrastructure absence, 163 reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery, 167 scenario, 165 sector, lack of information and data, 162 situation, 170–172, 174, 175 state-owned companies, dominance of, 162 Waste-to-energy project, 172 Water, energy, and food (WEF), 662 Water and sanitation, in Zimbabwe, 707–708 Water corrosivity, 90n1 Water infrastructure inequality, 82, 83 Water pollution, in Zimbabwe, 708 Water quality, in Indian cities, 681 Water resilience policy, 38 Water stagnation and system corrosion, 84 Waterborne diseases, 80 cholera, 707 Waterworks Park, Tampa, Florida, 374, 375, 378 in urban environment, 377–380 Weeks and Clarke-McNary Acts, 26 Weinberger, M., 103, 113 Well-Being of local community, 533–537, 539 West African Commissions on Drugs and Health (WACD), 662, 664 Western Climate Initiative (WCI), 124 Western Kentucky University (WKU) campus community, 573–575 campus setting, 569 challenges and barriers in, 578–580 effective education, 575–576 energy conservation in, 571–573 sustainability program, lessons learnt, 576–578 sustainable efforts in environment issues, 568–571 West Yarmouk, 170 Wetland, in Kolkata, 688 White commercial farmers, 705 Whitefield Rising, 683 White House, 664 WIB representatives, 514 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum tests, 749 Wilderness Act of 1964, 29 Wildlife Conservation and Management Act of 2013, 352 Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 192 WildlifeDirect, 351, 353n2, 355n27 Wind Inc., 511 The Woman Who Knew Too Much, 294 Women and the Fukushima Disaster, 284 Women of Fukushima Against Nukes, 293 Women’s Business Grant Program, 604 Women self-help groups (SHGs), 684 Women Strike for Peace: Traditional Motherhood and Radical Politics in the 1960s, 283 Woodford Folk Festival, 583 500-Year Plan, 591, 592 Woodfordia, environment and people, 588–591 Woodford Management Team, 594 Wood pellets, 105 Workforce development, 506, 514, 518 agency, 508 practices, 518 strategies, 509, 517 Workforce infrastructure, 506 Index Workforce Innovation in Regional Economic Development (WIRED) program, 509 Workforce Investment Boards (WIB), 509, 512 Workforce planning, 518 Worklessness, 254 World Bank, 40, 683, 703, 704, 826 report, 169 World Commission on the Environment and Development (WCED), 360 World Future Energy Summit Conference (2018), 823 World Health Organization (WHO), 639, 680 air quality guideline, 142 World Resources Institute, 42 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), 361, 636 World War II, 791 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), 472, 804, 820 World Wildlife Federation Campus Ecology Program, 579 Worn or out-of-style clothing, 600 Wu, Jing, 148 Y Yankee Nuclear, 104 yellow-label vehicles, 148 Yellowstone park, 25–27 York County Heritage Trail, 792 Young Mothers Looking for a Voice in Post-3.11 Fukushima, 283 Yourope Clean n’ Green Awards, 586 YouTube, 344 Yuan, 665 Yudhoyono, 42 871 Z Zabbaleen of Cairo, 173 Zambezi Water project, 708 Zambia, 703 Zara, clothing retailer, 599 Zeimer, T., 291, 292 Zero-carbon city, 824 Zero-carbon dwellings, 551 Zero-carbon homes (ZCH), 549, 551 Zero-carbon housing policy, 560 Zero-carbon settlement, 824 Zero lot line housing, 746 Zero waste, 608 ZFS, 623 Zhang, D., 148 Zimbabwe civil aviation in, 710–711 corruption in, 712–713 Economic Structural Adjustment, 705 Fast Track Land Reform Program, 705 financial resource shortages, 712 housing and urban land delivery, 706–707 irrigation, 709–710 political instabilities and polarization in, 712 service delivery, case study of, 705–713 sustainable service delivery, other initiatives, 710–711 water and sanitation, 707–708 Zoning, 734 tools, 745 ZTE, Chinese company, 709 ZukunftGestalten@MUAS, 777 compentence orientated teaching, 782 Zupan, J., 796 .. .The Palgrave Handbook of Sustainability Robert Brinkmann • Sandra J Garren Editors The Palgrave Handbook of Sustainability Case Studies and Practical Solutions Editors Robert Brinkmann Hofstra... Florida Sandra J. Garren, Ph.D. is the Director of Sustainability Research at the National Center for Suburban Studies at Hofstra University She is also the Director of Sustainability Studies and. .. Materials, and Products Nicole Darnall is a Professor of Management and Public Policy at ASU in the School of Public Affairs and the School of Sustainability She is Associate Director of ASU’s CORD and