the oxford handbook of ethical theory

... NLT. See Neural Theory of Language Nominal classification, 676–96. See also Classifier(s) categorization, CL and, 690–92 central problems of, 686–90 systems of, 678–86 systems of, from world to ... and, 514 Optimality Theory (OT), 444, 581–82, 614, 628n2 Optimization, 356 Organon Model, 600–601, 1280–83, 1282f, 1289n13 Orientation cultural models of space and theory of, 1059–61 deictic, ... 726–52 head of, 730–31, 738, 745n1 syntactic relation of governance among elements of, 730–33 themes for next decade regarding, 744–45 variation of, 729–33 Relational grams boundedness of, 730,

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... 1987) is professor of psychology, and former head of the School of Psychology, at the University of Nottingham, England. He is director of the Action Analysis Group, and codirector of the Accident ... directed the 1995 Linguistic Institute. She was the chair of the Department of Linguistics at the University of New Mexico from 1999 to 2002 and was president of the Linguistic Society of America ... Linguistics dates from the 1980s, when his PhD was one of the first in Europe to explore the possibilities of a prototype-theoretical model of categorization. As the founding editor of the journal Cognitive

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... He is senior editor of Prag- matic, the journal of the International Pragmatics Association, and was one of the founding members of the European Society for Oceanists and of the Gesellschaft fu ... include Death Is the Mother of Beauty: Mind, Metaphor, Criticism (1987); Reading Minds: The Study of English in the Age of Cognitive Science (1991); The Literary Mind: The Origins of Thought and ... 2003). He is a member of the editorial board of Cognitive Linguistics and is on the advisory/referee board of several other journals. He is also a member of the editorial board of Benjamins’s Cognitive

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... Organization of the Handbook The organization of the present Handbook reflects the prototypical structure of Cognitive Linguistics that was described above. In terms of people, the contribu- ... of such structures, and the relevant kind of knowledge is knowledge of the world. For the generative grammarian, however, the knowledge under consideration is knowledge of the language, and the ... single theory of language, but rather a cluster of broadly compatible approaches. This recognition also determines the practical organization of the present Handbook, which will be presented in the

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... think of the projec- tions and theta-roles of Generative Grammar, of the central role of the lexicon in Lexical-Functional Grammar, and of the lexically driven grammar developed in the framework of ... stimulus-response theory? ??so the argument goes—an innate knowledge of language has to be assumed. But if one of the major features of language is its genetic nature, then of course the social aspects of language ... through the meaning of linguistic expressions, it is unlikely that the universal aspects of lan- guage will be found in the realm of meaning. Further, if the lexicon is the main repository of linguistically

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... In other words, they claim that each and every mapping between the elements of the source and the elements of the target is unidirectional; the logic of the image schema is projected from the ... Linguistics. I then retrace some of the history of the embodiment hypothesis and show how its scope expanded to en- compass topics as diverse as the grounding of meaning, the motivating factors of semantic ... characterize the process of lin- guistic change known as subjectification. He writes: Consider the glasses I normally wear. If I take them off, hold them in front of me, and examine them, their construal

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... perception is at the core of the present formulation of the embodiment hypothesis. The analogy between the form of the argument for the embodiment hypothesis and the form of the foregoing argument ... on the first part of the word and trailing off towards the end of the word. Alternatively, the parent could si- lently stroke the baby’s back or head with a stroke analogous to the ‘‘There, there’’ ... in the ‘‘meta- phorical definition’’ of more complex concepts. In short, they argued that these three natural kinds of experience—experience of the body, of the physical envi- ronment, and of the

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... schematization of the levels of investigation in cognitive science. The most basic organizing criterion of this theoretical framework is the scale of the relative physical sizes of the phenomena ... might then expand the scope of the inquiry from the bodily and performative level of the framework to embodiment and experientialism 43 the communicative and cultural level: Was the humoral theory ... is not simply a matter of ‘‘either-or,’’ with one position being correct to the exclusion of the other. Instead, and from the perspective of this theoretical framework, the controversy results

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... effect on the relation of the event to the com- municative situation (‘past’). In other words, it is part of these speakers’ knowledge of the conventions of their language that the unit involved conveys ... distinctions also exist in the domain of time. The flow of time constitutes (part of) the base of the meaning of verbs. Different lexical verbs may profile different ‘‘slices’’ of time, backgrounding ... through the work of Talmy (1978). In visual perception, one element may be the focus of attention? ?the ‘‘Figure’’; it is perceived as a prominent coherent element and set off against the rest of what

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... indicated by the use of bold lines: they ‘‘profile’’ aspects of the object of conceptualization, but none at the level of the subjects of conceptualization or of the relation between the two levels. ... details. In each of these cases, the landmark with respect to which the trajector is located is part of the ground of the utterance. The position of the ballroom in (3) is calcu- lated from the common ... elements of the construal configuration, and the other some other, or more, elements). This is the way this representation will be used in the remainder of this chapter. The extreme case at the other

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... 73 at the end of section 3). But it may also consist in an increase of the role of the construal relation or the ground in the profile of an expression, or (what ultimately may be part of the same ... knowledge about the president’s re- election (for example, when the speaker is in charge of the election process and has just completed the count of the votes). The use of might relates to the epistemic ... part of the object of conceptuali- zation; in ( 17), it construes an element of the object of conceptualization (the fact that John typed her thesis) as an argument for the addressee to accept the

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... so on. They are in fact the theme of Oakley (this volume, chapter 9). But the commonality of these with all other direct abstractions is significant and worth discussing. 2.4. The Ubiquity of Schematicity ... concepts of Cognitive Grammar has been that of schemas. 1 The aim of this chapter will be to characterize this concept, relate it to some of the other concepts discussed in the surrounding chapters of ... None of these schemas can be expected to exist in all the world’s languages, much less among all the speakers of all those languages (though, of course, as the culture of chess spreads, they

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... in these ways. An obvious kind of example are the semantic poles of lexical items (see note 11), where the complexity of the structure will be the record of the lexical item’s polysemy. Other ... as different views of or readings off the same complex cognitive structures. Part of the nature of such structures as figure 4.3a is the possibility of layers of categories, the idea that higher-order ... can be a part of or practically make up the whole of the content of a schema. The syntactic nature of the extrinsic relations in this case does not make them different in kind from other extrinsic

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... the neighboring entity or a substructure of it. Usually when the whole of the one entity is identified with a substructure of the other, there is a clear relationship of schematicity between the ... sanction entailed the activation of the specifications common to the two structures, thus facilitating the estab- lishment of the schematic structure (figure 4.10a.i) consisting of those specifi- ... to PaintJet and Of? ??ceJet are also important for establishing the latter, the mech- anism of analogy is also at work, reinforcing the entrenchment of 4.10b.ii in the process. The distinction between

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... choose or to do otherwise than we did. The thesis of causal determinism challenges moral theory in a variety of the oxford handbook of ETHICAL THEORY 32 the oxford handbook of ethical theory NOTES ... Theory. ” The Journal of Philosophy 77: 515–572. Ross, W. D. 1930. The Right and the Good. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 18 the oxford handbook of ethical theory to normative ethical theory. The volume ... disputes over right action have distracted moral theory from more central concerns. the oxford handbook of ETHICAL THEORY 12 the oxford handbook of ethical theory false. A person who holds, say, that...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:30

... All these sub-Welds have a theoretical edge that potentially connects with the preoccupations of political theory. These con- nections conWrm the importance of political theory to the rest of ... are often more interested in simple explanatory theory, one source of which is rational choice theory. But there are also points of engagement with political theory as understood in this Handbook. ... Handbook. The comparative study of social movements and their relationships with the state has drawn upon the idea of the public sphere in democratic political theory, and vice versa. Accounts of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 09:44

... account of knowledge. Within the discipline of philosophy, epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge and justification: in particular, the study of (a) the defining components, (b) the ... with respect to the content of the acceptance. The reasoning system of S at t over acceptances,’ means the set of propositions true at t of the form, ‘S reasons from acceptance of the premises ... t of the form, ‘S accepts that q,’ where each acceptance has the objective of obtaining truth and of avoiding falsity with respect to the content of the acceptance. The preference system of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:30

... positions on their topic (e.g., religious experience or the problem of evil) or the history and nature of the philosophical approach to the philosophy of religion that they are discussing (the always ... last night, then the divine noetic/volitional activity is the cause of the fact; the fact is not the cause of the activity (see Mann 1985). end p.51 Even if we accept all this, the critic ... noted that there may be a The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Religion William J. Wainwright (Editor), Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee The philosophy...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:30