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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES LE ANH HOA MARRIAGE OF TAY PEOPLE IN THE BORDER OF PHUC HOA DISTRICT, CAO BANG PROVINCE Major: Anthropology Sector code: 9.31.03.02 SUMMARY OF THESIS DOCTORAL THESIS HA NOI, 2020 THIS WORK IS COMPLETED AT GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MENTOR: Doctor Le Duy Dai Doctor: Dau Tuan Nam Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Le Ngoc Thang Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Lam Ba Nam Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Ngo Van Doanh The thesis is defended before the thesis appraisal board of the Academy at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at: hours, date month 2020 This thesis can be found at: - Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences - National Library of Vietnam INTRODUCTION Necessity of the subject Marriage is a essential issue in anthropological research, an important part of social life associated with customs and habits, rituals expressing the cultural nuance of each ethnic group, thereby acknowledging the legitimacy of sexual relationship In the context that Vietnam is carrying out industrialization and modernization of the country, the economy is developing rapidly, international integration is taking place widely and deeply, the remote borderland is formerly considered as suburban areas and buffer areas are not outside that rule, even displacing the process of development and changes also take place faster than inland areas In the borderland of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province, where Ta Lung international border gate is relatively effervescent, so the economic and social life of Tay people is changing rapidly In daily life, they have a close relationship with the same ethnic groups as Nung people, King people (Vietnam) and Choang people living in Chinese border The study of marriage of Tay people here also shows marriage characteristics of ethnic groups and images about the life of people living in the border between Vietnam and China in general, know the process of ethnic group development, adaptability, cultural changes and present condition of cross-border marriages Proceeding from the above scientific meaning and practical values, Research student chooses the topic about marriage of Tay people in the border area of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province as the topic for doctoral thesis of Anthropology Purpose and research task of the thesis 2.1 Purpose Studying and analyzing traditional characteristics and marriage changing of Tay people in the border area of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province in order to reserve cultural values of ethnic groups, see the development of ethnic groups and relationship of ethnic groups in historical, economic and social context in the borderland which has been changing a lot Clarifying the tendency and issues in the Tay's marriage here, especially cross-border marriages, then proposing solutions to promote values of marriage in conservation and promotion about cultural values of ethnic groups for sustainable development 2.2 Research task - Building and clarifying the theoretical basis, scientific meaning and practical research on marriage of Tay people in the borderland Studying and presenting conceptions, principles, forms of marriage, steps in marriage rituals, post-marriage residence and cross-border marriage to see marriage characteristics of Tay people in the borderland Research object and scope of the thesis 3.1 Research object Research object of the thesis is the marriage of Tay people in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province In which, the topic focuses on characteristics, changes of marriage and another special aspect is those who marry across Vietnam-China border (crossborder marriages) 3.2 Research scope - Research scope: understanding concepts, customs, forms, marriage rituals, changes in traditional marriage and cross-border marriage of Tay people in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district Spatial scope: The thesis focuses on deep study of communes (Trieu Au, Cach Linh, Dai Son, My Hung, Cach Linh) and two towns (Hoa Thuan and Ta Lung) of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province Localities where the border is the national border between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the People's Republic of China, the majority of population are Tay and Nung people and have close relationships with ethnic groups across the border Time scope: In 1986, Vietnam started the "Innovation" transferring from a system of budget subsidies to a socialist orientation market economy that helped the economy to develope rapidly and stably, from which culture and society have experienced profound changes The life of Tay people in Vietnam - China borderland is in the general context of the country but has its own characteristics with a particularly important time mark, which brought more changes to them in 1991, Vietnam and China normalized relationship after a 10-year border war (1979-1989) Methodology and research methods of the thesis 4.1 Methodology The thesis relies on the philosophical viewpoint of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to recognize and consider things and phenomena Marriage is set in the context of historical development of ethnic groups and communities, according to the time current and social space The thesis is based on the views of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology and views of the Communist Party of Vietnam on marriage such as the Law on Family Marriage, the Law on Gender Equality ; policies for ethnic minorities residing in mountainous areas, island boundaries, policies to preserve and promote cultural identities of ethinic groups as a basis for assessing and recognizing the Tay's marriage in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district today 4.2 Research Methods Ethnological country, expert methods, analysis and comparative methods Original source of the thesis - Data on ethnological country: field survey in communes and towns in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province Analyze data from the survey results in Cao Bang province of the state topic KX01-HNXBG Survey sample: E: 100 Tay people; E 100 Nung people Secondary documents New contributions to the science of the thesis Up to now, there have been some studies on Tay people's marriage, but this is the first work done in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province In addition to the similarities with Tay people living in other localities, Tay people's lives here are controlled and directly influenced by elements of Vietnam-China borderland such as mutual trade, relationship of ethnic groups on both sides of the border In which, there has been a problem of cross-border marriage in recent years Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis Identify cultural values of ethnic groups reserved in marriage but also serve as a basis for comparing the similarities and differences between the Tay's marriage here and other localities where there are differences in characteristics of nature and society Results of the thesis are the basis for managers to formulate policies to preserve and promote the culture of ethnic groups, and solve the negative issues arising in marriage tending to sustainable and stable development for residents living in Vietnam - China border areas Thesis structure Chapter 1: General view of research situation, theoretical basis and overview of Tay people in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province Chapter 2: Marital characteristics of Tay people, tradition and transfer Chapter 3: Cross-border marriage Chapter 4: Factors affecting change, value of marriage and some issues CHAPTER GENERAL VIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION, THEORETICAL BASIS AND OVERVIEW OF ETHNIC GROUPS AND RESEARCH AREA 1.1 General View of Research Situation Tay people has the largest population among 53 ethnic minorities in Vietnam, with a long history and cultural traditions, which attracts many domestic and foreign scientists 1.1.1 Research on Tay people 1.1.1.1 Research of foreign scholars on Tay people In the early years of the 20th century, some French scholars were interested in and studied about Tay people Firstly, there are works of famous scholar named A Bonifacy, such as: Funeral rites of the Native (1904), Collection of Native fairy tales on two banks of Lo River (1905) the Tay's uprising in 1983: Military war record due to suppression (1907), Ho Bo festival of Tay people (1915), Unlimited patience: Native fairy tales (1915) In general, although the research student has not reached to many studies of foreign scholars on Tay people, especially in marriage, basically helped the research student to gain more important visual angles and assessment to finish the thesis content 1.1.1.2 Research of domestic scholars on Tay people and Tay people's marriage From the Le and Nguyen dynasties, Tay people have been mentioned in famous books such as Le Quy Don's Kien Van Tieu Luc (1726-1784) and Phan Huy Chu's Lich Trieu Hien Chuong Loai Chi (1782-1840) ) Although the document is at a summary level, it helps the later generation to partly understand the folklore activities of Tay people in Vietnam in previous centuries Recently, the thesis of master Hoang Duc Trung (2018) has researched on "Marriage of Tay people in To Hieu commune, Binh Gia district, Lang Son province" The author has described and explained issues related to marriage such as marriage concept, marriage principles, age of marriage, steps to carry out the marriage In general, research on Tay people, especially the marriage of Tay people is a topic directly related to the thesis of research student but on the description, interpretation and in groups of Tay people residing within the province, far from the borderland 1.1.2 Study on border region and border region relationship Border region with special geographical location for each country is often considered as remote areas, people with difficult economic conditions, development is not homologous to the overall development of the country 1.1.2.1 Study of foreign scholars on border region and border region relationship First of all, there are studies on economic, society in the border region In 2005, authors as Chu Dong Kiem and Luu Dong Nhiem (China) (2005) with the study of Vietnam's Ethnic Group Policy and its influence on the border area of China In addition, there are studies on multidimensional relationships in the border region of the two countries such as Phung Nhuan's study (2013) (China) of the Central Ethnic Group University assessing of China-Vietnam border cultural impact, the case of Yunnan province Together with research on cross-border marriage in the border region between Vietnamese women and Chinese men, there is master thesis of Lianling Su (2009) of Harbin Normal University The author gave a deep interview with 64 couples living in Chinese borderland whose wives are Vietnamese and husbands are Chinese to find out why they are acquainted with each other Those women are mostly not registered with Chinese nationality Thereby, the author judges the reason that Vietnamese women get married to Chinese because they want to have better life, full economic conditions, higher living standards, and can support their families 1.1.2.2.Study of domestic scholars on border region and border region relationship Studying the border region in Vietnam firstly or in other words is one of the important areas, first priority is to develop the border region economy after long years of war and restoration of neighboring relationship between Vietnam and China In 1997, author Hoang Xuan Long published a study on Comparative Advantage in Vietnam-China cross-border goods exchange The second area related to the border region attended by Vietnamese scholars is the policy issue of both Vietnam and China for this region One of the important books that most scholars in the country refer to when researching on the borderland is the book "Hung Bien Phu Dan" and the implementation process in ethnic minority areas in southwest border provinces of China (2008) by Nguyen Van Can 1.2 Theoretical basis 1.2.1 Some concepts - Marriage According to Vietnam polytechnical dictionary "Marriage is a social institution with rituals that confirm the relationship between two or more people of two different sexes (male and female), which is considered as husband and wife, determine the relationship of responsibility between them and between them and their children” 1.2.2 Theoretical basis - Rational choice theory, - Cultural exchange and acculturation theory, Cultural regional theory 1.3 Overview of research area 1.3.1 Phuc Hoa district Phuc Hoa district has administrative units, including communes and towns, of which communes and towns have the boundary of national boundary curve of Long Chau district, Guangxi province, China, with the total boundary curve length of 21km Border areas including: Ta Lung and Hoa Thuan towns and Trieu Au, Cach Linh, Dai Son and My Hung communes are research areas of this thesis 1.3.2 Natural conditions in Phuc Hoa district Phuc Hoa district has a natural area of 251.1284 km2, located in the Southeast of Cao Bang province, the North bordering Quang Uyen district; the East bordering Ha Lang district and China; the Southwest bordering Thach An district, Hoa An, the end point of Highway 3, convenient transportation Phuc Hoa district's terrain is divided into relatively clear areas, including rocky mountain terrain, soil mountain terrain and low mountainous terrain 1.3.3 Introduce the research sites - Ta Lung Town, - Hoa Thuan Town, - Trieu Au Commune, - Cach Linh Commune, - Dai Son Commune, - My Hung Commune 2.1.3 Marriage age Marriage stories show that before 1991, in general, Tay people in border region wanted to get married early under the age of 20, but because of the war, many people had to get married lately 2.1.4 Principles in marriage 2.1.4.1 Exogamy principle In marriage, Tay people follow the exogamy principle Those who share the same consanguinity, are descendants of a ancestor according to bloodrelationship of father family shall be called as husband's blood relations, no matter how many generations they have, they are not allowed to get married with each other; except those who are far relatives, or by a different line but this case is very rare 2.1.4.2 Endogamy principle Another principle in the traditional marriage of Tay people in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district which was formerly endogamy of ethnic groups 2.1.4.3 Residential principle after marriage Residential principle after marriage reflects deeply the social concept of gender roles in marriage 2.1.5 Nature and form of marriage 2.1.5.1 Nature of marriage The exchange seemed to reduce the value of a girl if understood by the nature of trade is to use money and material to exchange a adult girl According to Tay people's opinion, if money and material provided by the bridegroom's family are big and abundant, the girl and her family are considered to be respected by the bridegroom's family and the bridegroom's family has good economic conditions 2.1.5.2 Form of marriage 11 Tay people in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district strictly follow the form of monogamy 2.1.6 Customs and rituals of marriage 2.1.6.1 Searching period of man and woman In order to find wife for children, parents ask for acquaintances, relatives to find out if there is any girl suitable for their son and family Assistants are usually brother-in-law, sister-in-law, and people getting married at another village This person will ask the bride's family if they want to have a son-in-law as her/her nephew If they agree, the bride's family will give the girl's horoscope to representative of the bride's family 2.1.6.2 Steps for marriage preparation Preparing for marriage is a process with many different things Firstly, parents, grandparents, and elders shall teach their descendant code of behaviour in the position of son-in-law, husband, daughter-in-law and wife 2.1.6.3 Rituals in marriage - Ask for “luc minh”, “Engagement party” 2.1.6.4 "Le an hoi" "Le an hoi" can be considered as an engagement party because from then on, the couple is determined to become the wife, the husband, the daughter-in-law, the son-in-law of both families 2.1.6.5 Wedding party Wedding party is usually held in the period from July of the previous year to February of the lunar calendar of next year, especially in the last two months of the year (November, December) and January and avoid in March and April of the lunar calendar Group meeting the bride, Wedding party at the bride's family, Taking the bride to the bridegroom's family Wedding party at the bridegroom's family 12 2.1.7 Cases of special marriage 2.1.7.1 Son-in-law will be the son Tay people in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district very respect sons for various reasons, but basically is the responsiblity for maintaining race, caring for parents when they are old and worshiping ancestors.… 2.1.7.2 Marriage of widows and widowers According to traditional concept, Tay people in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district often only admit the first marriage and make light of next marriage, consider it to be patchy Widows and widowers are allowed to remarry after years 2.1.7.3 Case of pregnancy before marriage Tay people have a proverb: "Da day buon chieng pay buon lap", meaning "do not let January precede December" They respect a girl's virginity, look down or disparage those who have sexual relationship before marriage In case of being made pregnant by a lover, children who not know their father shall be ashamed, condemned by society The girl will be alienated by the community, making her parents and family to be ashamed 2.2 Changes in marriage 2.2.1 Change the concept of marriage In the previous concept, marriage in addition to the purpose of having children, having lineage with more workers The need for having more workers, someone to take care of parents when they grow old and still depends on family circumstances, this need will be more or less However, concept of this purpose for Tay people in Phuc Hoa now has changed nuance because marriage is as a result of love, the couple will share works with each other, including looking after their parents when they are old 13 2.2.2 Change the right to decide on marriage, criteria for choosing wife and husband Young people also pay attention to the suitable alliance However, if the bridegroom's family or bride's family has more pecuniary condition, a higher social status, most young people not hesitate to give up the intention of marriage as before Many people even see it as an opportunity to change the social and economic status of themselves and their families 2.2.3 Change the age of marriage Currently, the living standard of residents in the central area, district or town in Phuc Hoa is higher than the one in far region and hinterland communes, easy to find jobs, so psychology of young people are more stable and confident in marriage 2.2.4 Change principle in marriage The law on marriage and family prohibits marriage for people of consanguinity; However, through research, there have been some cases of siblings in the same family, three generations apart, married with each other, exogamy is more and more popular This can be seen as an advance and will be discussed more detail later in this chapter 2.2.5 Change nature and form of marriage 2.2.5.1 Change nature of marriage They are more interested in the spiritual value from the marriage money than the actual value because after the bridegroom's family and bride's family agree on the "first money", they often want to know how much it is "First Money" is often discussed a lots 2.2.5.2 Change the form of marriage “In the past, adultery rarely happened, but today there are many cases” 14 2.2.4 Change customs and marriage rituals 2.2.4.1 Change wedding clothes and dowry 2.2.4.2 Change belief in the fate A few families not even need fortune-teller but to leave "ban luc minh" at the bottom of paddy basket for a long time 2.2.4.3 Change in wedding singing Antiphonal is a beauty in the marriage of Tay people from the past time to present time It is rare to see the village officials who can memorize many poems, due to their busy living and lack of time to learn traditional poetry 2.2.4.4 Wedding costume Only a few brides to wear the Tay's traditional costume on the wedding day, but will add a modern wedding dresses afterwards Currently, brides prefer to wear white wedding dresses, which are rented at wedding dresses shops Grooms usually wear a suit, if it's hot, wear black pants, white shirt with tie 2.2.4.6 Some other changes Previously the wedding is usually held in two days, the first day at the bride's family, the next day at the bridegroom's family Currently, following the new cultural life, the wedding time is shortened to one day In the morning, the wedding is held at the bride's family, in the afternoon, it is held at the bridegroom's family 2.2.5 Mixed marriage of ethnic group Mixed marriage of ethnic group in recent years not only between two people in the district but also in different districts and provinces For nearly 10 years, men and women after leaving school have tendency to find jobs at factories and companies in Bac Ninh, Bac Giang, Hai Duong and Thai Nguyen provinces 15 CHAPTER CROSS - BORDER MARRIAGE 3.1 Features of borderland with cross-border marriage In the concept of border region, researchers often think that this is a buffer region, far region, with its own characteristics, so it is less governed by policies of each country's government but in modern society, when interlink transportation route is developing, information technology is developing, the state's power is being extended, in some respects, the border region becomes extremely sensitive 3.2 Situation of cross-border marriage in border region of Phuc Hoa district 3.2.1 Situation of cross-border marriage before 1991 It can be seen that this is a period with its own characteristics, when the number of residents at Chinese border come to Vietnamese border to get married is more and more popular Political and economic factors have been reflected clearly and mainly impacting marriage selection or creating marriage tendency 3.1.2 Period after 1991 up to now In 1991, Vietnam - China opened the border gate as an opportunity for many Vietnamese women in general and in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province in particular to get married 3.2 Cross-border marriage characteristics 3.2.1 Economic and education circumstances The study also show a correlation between parents' educational background and the rate of daughters with across - border marriages Among families with daughters who have across - border marriages, up to 50% of parents are illiterate, and if the parents' educational background is high, the rate of cross- 16 border marriage is low, especially there is no case of parents with Junior high school level or more 3.2.2 Age of marriage Their future husbands are also in the same circumstances, so it is difficult to marry Chinese wives such as to be poor, old, unstable jobs, ugly appearance or even disabilities This connection, therefore, is even more unsustainable for a family's future 3.2.3 Number of marriages Nearly one-third of the interviewees are subjects that have married for the second time or more This rate of Tay people in that survey is slightly lower, 24.1% For Nung people, this rate is 30.2% 3.2.4 From acquaintance to marriage Through employment and cross-border trade, many cross-border marriages are formed and occupy the highest rate compared to other forms of acquaintance, enticing girls to marry Chinese These girls are less experienced, credulous, gullible, with low educational background and are difficult to get married in Vietnam 3.2.5 Reason for making a marriage decision Personal circumstances urge them to choose the best solution is to have across - border marriage 3.3 Wedding ceremony of cross-border marriages In general, in cross-border marriage in the border region, whether or not the wedding is organized, the reason is not entirely dependent on the economic conditions of households, the geographical distance but by the concept and visual angle about the value of that marriage 17 3.4 Level of family contact Survey in Bao Lac and Trung Khanh districts, Cao Bang province shows that only about one third of households meet / contact people with cross- border marriages at a level of few times a year, the remaining (up to 48%) have very little contact The percentage of Tay people with very little contact is even higher at 54%, while Nung people is only 45% 3.5 Some basic factors affecting cross-border marriage in the border region 3.5.1 Close relationship of ethnic group Close relationship on culture of ethnic group helps Tay people or Nung people are not strange to Choang people, to be more easily accepted in crossborder marriage 3.5.2 Concept of marriage value Tay people respect marriage and family, considering the family to be a spiritual and material fulcrum, especially for women So no matter what the situation, they always try to build their own happiness 3.6.3 Development of social network In today's life, most young men and women need to buy clothes or have time to go out, they all come to Long Chau town to buy and sell All these interaction ways help residents on both sides of the border understanding and getting closer, which is the basis for connecting and forming cross-border marriage 18 CHAPTER FACTORS AFFECTING CHANGE, MARRIAGE VALUES AND SOME ISSUES 4.1 Factors affecting marital change 4.1.1 Impact of the policy "Movement of all people uniting to build cultural life" The movement of building cultural family and all people uniting to build cultural life is considered an important factor that promotes the successful implementation of local socio-economic tasks 4.1.2 Impact from gender equality policy The work of propagating gender equality over the years in border region has created a clear change, changing the concept of gender, girls are more concerned by their parents Girls are confident and proactive in choosing a partner In family life, women are able to make more decisions than before 4.1.3 Impact from the Law on marriage and family In addition to the Law on Marriage and Family, there are also instructions and decrees on marriage and family management, decisions of the Ministry of Culture on building new rural, conventions on building cultural family that have had a profound impact to change on marriage of Tay people in the borderland of Phuc Hoa district 4.1.4 Impact from the context of socio-economic development in the borderland Another important factor in the border region is the movement and perception of ethnic group communities here A few dozen years ago, Tay people and Nung people in Phuc Hoa district were still used to living in the mountain villages and doing agriculture, but now in the dynamic economy, they have 19 adapted very quickly and actively , diversifying form of livelihoods to ensure revenue as well as family economic development 4.1.5 Impact from acculturation of the borderland The harmony between cultural and social factors of Tay people community in the border region in particular is having a strong multi-dimensional impact on the form of marriage as in selecting the object of marriage, concept of marriage 4.2 Value of marriage Marriage is considered to be the fundamental relationship of society In the context of globalization today, especially in the cultural and social spaces in the border region, where the interference of the economic, social and marriage flows which are susceptible and change in different tendency 4.2.1 Marriage creates a foundation for social development in the border region A well-prepared marriage is the basis of a good family A good family will have good children who take pains to study and work, so not only help the family but also the society in the border region for a sustainable development 4.2.2 Marriage contributes to the preservation of human values Marriage is a cultural aspect reflecting many nuances and culture of ethnic group Steps of ritual in marriage with acts such as praying in front of ancestral altars, offering wine, betel to relatives of bridegroom's family and bride's family are not just a mandatory ritual 4.2.3 Marriage preserves religious belief In modern life or even in marriage ceremonies, there is a great deal of belief in a certain object or phenomenon that is lost, forgotten, or diminished, whether or not the marriage is suitable Now, there are not many spiritual 20 meanings as before but it is still reserved and preserved as an custom, habit of ethnic group 4.2.4 Marriage expands, connects social relations in the border region 4.2.4.1 Marriage with the connection of social relations within the border region Opportunity to exchange and acquaintance help each individual and ethnic group to see and learn good points from other individuals and ethnic groups from which to form common points 4.2.4.2 Marriage with the connection of cross-border communities Cross-border marriage creates relative relationship on both sides of the border In the community when value of family, lineage are considered to be important as in Tay people, Nung people (Vietnam) and Choang people (Chinese) 4.2.4.5 Marriage contributes to economic development in the border region The main form of support is to help relatives find jobs in China 4.3 Some issues for marriage in the border region 4.3.1 Value of ethnic group cultural character is lost Development and economic diversity along with foreign culture have been quickly integrated by young people, especially young people to express the newness and age, but forget the value of ethnic group cultural character 4.3.2 Marriages reflect the lack of economic stability in the border region In recent years, marriages such as marriage with Kinh people in lowland provinces are gradually becoming popular because many young men and women after graduating from high school work in industrial zones 21 4.3.3 Consciousness of territorial borders is poor Cases of being arrested by Chinese security help people to be more conscious and alert but not give up habit by convenience Closeness, convenience create conditions for the residents of two countries to travel and get married 4.3.4 Some difficulties in dealing with issues arising from cross-border marriage They not have to registration procedures, declaration with local authorities When borders are clearly planned by nations, with strict control over border crossing, cross-border marriage thus arising many problems 4.3.4.1 Inhabitants of family, nationality Most cases of marriage with Chinese as mentioned in Chapter have happened quietly, with small wedding party, within the family, relatives, even outsiders not know 4.3.4.2 Women getting married with Chinese return to Vietnam Through interviews with women getting married with Chinese, very few cases return to Vietnam Those who return are mainly mistreated or expelled by their husband's family 4.3.4.3 Tendency of marriage in borderland of Phuc Hoa district The economy in border region of Phuc Hoa district has changed rapidly, people's living standard have been improved thanks to Ta Lung international border gate and the people are hard working in various forms of livelihoods 4.4 Some recommendations Firstly, economic plays an important role, a key factor in social development In recent years, economic of Phuc Hoa district has had significant changes, people's lives have been improved significantly Secondly, it is necessary 22 to promote the construction of the district's infrastructure system, paying special attention to rural transport infrastructure, infrastructure, border gates and tourist areas Thirdly, it is necessary to promote the propaganda of cultural values of ethnic group so that people are better aware of the cultural beauty that they possess such as traditional costumes, beauty in customs, habit of marriage and poems in wedding parties Fourthly, further develop the role of festivals, cultural activities, creating opportunities for communities of border region to participate in cultural activities, helping the relationship of ethnic groups in border region become close Fifthly, strengthen the building of a civilized, ethical way of life and cultural family so that family members can concord, love and support each other Sixthly: in cross-border relationship, it is necessary to raise people's awareness about national and territorial borders Better control of cross-border travel through trails and waterways However, it is also necessary to have favorable policies and legal forms for people living in bordering areas , creating conditions for them to travel across the border to visit relatives or make their living Seventhly, for women getting married with Chinese, it is required to have quick and timely policies to create conditions for those who are married, have children, with stable life in China for many years to have the opportunity to receive Chinese nationality 23 CONCLUSION Traditional marriage of Tay people in Phuc Hoa district is similar to Tay community in other localities and provinces That similarity is expressed in the concept of marriage in selecting the object of marriage, marriage principles, forms of marriage, rituals and marriage customs.… In recent years, thanks to residing in the borderland, with Ta Lung international border gate, is an important trade clue of the province and the whole country, due to the dynamism, diligence and economy here of Tay people has many positive changes with more well-to-do life Cross-border marriage is a feature in relationships of residents in border region and due to many reasons, in recent years, there have been many changes In order to develop border region of Phuc Hoa district in particular and in other places in general sustainably, appropriate economic, cultural and educational development policies, especially considering marriage and family as the foundation for social development Emitting from local realities and research results, the research student proposes some further research directions as follows: - Studying marriage in the borderland is a good and attractive problem and it is necessary to have scientific approaches to shape marriage of borderland, contribute to the sustainable development of border region Traditional marriage of Tay people under the impact of economic development and globalization is changing rapidly Therefore, the study of marriage always has scientific significance and practical value 24 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS PUBLISHED Le Anh Hoa (2018), Transfomation of Tay's marriage in the border area of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province, Culture and Arts Magazine, No 414, p 65-69 Le Anh Hoa (2019), Women in the border areas who get married with Chinese - Studies in the Tay and Nung people in Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province, Journal of Chinese Studies, No (209), p.73- 79 25 ... WORKS PUBLISHED Le Anh Hoa (2018), Transfomation of Tay's marriage in the border area of Phuc Hoa district, Cao Bang province, Culture and Arts Magazine, No 414, p 65-69 Le Anh Hoa (2019), Women... the value of that marriage 17 3.4 Level of family contact Survey in Bao Lac and Trung Khanh districts, Cao Bang province shows that only about one third of households meet / contact people with... at a level of few times a year, the remaining (up to 48%) have very little contact The percentage of Tay people with very little contact is even higher at 54%, while Nung people is only 45% 3.5