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TENSES ( Cácthì ) LESSON 1 : 1. SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ) Affir : S+V1 /Vs, es Neg: S+ do/ does + not+ V1 Inter: Do/ does+S +V …? Ex : Water boils at o100 c Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry 1 Ex : How oftendo you go to school? *(Be):am,is, arenot; (have):has/havenot+got=do / does+not+have Diễntả: Tình cảm,cảmgiác,nhậnthứcở hđộng Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán Chân lí, thật hiển nhiên Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then Notes : Qui tắcthêm es độngtừ có S sốít : - Cácđộngtừ tậncùnglà : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z - Cácđộngtừ tậncùnglà y màđứngtrước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y i + es ( Shestudies, Tom tries, He plays ) PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD) S + am/ is/ are ing + V S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ? Ex: We are studying English now Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes Ex: What are you doing while I am doing? Diễn tả : Hđộng xảy Htại vào lúc nói viết hđộng kéo dài // Htại (while: khi) hđộng kéo dài Htại có hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es) Với : ! AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW, ,… 3. PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT) ed S + has/ have + V S + has/ have + not + V3ed Has/ Have + S + V3ed? Ex: I’ve just opened the door Ex: We have studied English for many years Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently Ex: How long have you studied English? Diễn tả: Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg Hđộng vừa xảy Hđộng bắt đầu Qk, tiếp tục Htại & tiếp tục Tlai Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR… 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD) S + has/ have + been ing.+ V Ex: We have been studying English for many years S + has/ have + not + been + Ving Has/ Have + S + been + Ving? Diễn tả: ( - Hđộng bắt đầu Qkhứ, tiếp tục Htại & nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng TG 5. SIMPLE PAST (QKÑ) S + 2Ved S + did + not + V1 Did + S + V1 ? Ex: I saw him yesterday Ex: She didn’t come last week Ex: Did Mr Lee phone an hour ago? *(Be) : was / were wasn’t, weren’t Diễn tả: - Hđộng xảy & chấm dứt hoàn toàn Qk ( xác Với: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…) 6. PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD) S +was/were + Ving Ex: We werewatchingTV at pmyesterday S +was/were + not + Ving Ex:I waswritingwhile my fatherwasreading Was/ were + S + Ving ? Ex: Shewassleepingasthetelephonerang Diễntả: Hđộngxảyra / khoảnggiờ Qk xácđònh ( at 7pm, from6 to 7, …) hđộngdiễnra // Qk (while: trongkhi) ed hđộng Qk kéo dài hđ ngắn đngột xảy (S + V ) Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT… 7. PAST PERFECT (QKTD) S + had +3edV Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my homework S + had + not + V3ed Had + S + V3ed ? Diễn tả: - Hđộng xảy trước mốc TG Qk trước hđ Qk Với : ( trước: S+ had +V3ed ; sau: S + V2) 8. SIMPLE FUTURE (TLĐ) S + will / shall + V Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow S + will / shall + not + V1 Will / Shall + S + V1? *Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t Dieãn tả: Hđ xảy tlai Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1…? ); Đề nghò ( Shall I / we Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…) 9. FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT) S + will / shall + have 3ed + V Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back Diễn tả: Hđộng hoàn tất tlai * Notes: 1) Near future: (Tlai gần) S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, sắp sửa, dự đònh… Ex: I’m goingto buy it tomorrow 2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn Be : Ex: I ama studentnow Nhữngđộngtừ chỉvềgiác quan: see,hear,feel, look (trôngcóvẻ), smell, taste,recognize Nhữngđộngtừ chỉvềcảm xúc: like, dislikelove, hate,wantwish, desire,refuse,forgive Những động từ lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget, mind,expect,recollect Nhữngđộngtừ chỉsự bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin,continue,finish… LESSON 2: PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ) A. COMMON PREPOSITION: I. Prep. Of Place: IN: trong( nơi/ vùng/khuvực/ quốcgia/ thànhphố/…) Ex: in theroom/Asia/ Britain/ London/… in bed/newspaper/magazines/theworld/… ON: Ex: on thetable/theboard/thefloor/ … on TV/ theradio/ telephone/theway/ thestreet/horseback/… AT : (đòiểmnhỏ) Ex: at thedesk/thestation/theairport/72 PhamNgu Lao street… at home/school/ work… FROM : từ (nơi xuấtphát) Ex: Mr Mac Donaldis from Scotland TO: đến(đích) Ex: Elizabethwentto thestore BETWEEN : giữa(2 người / vật) Ex: Mai is sittingbetween NamandNga AMONG: giữa, trongsố Ex : The letteris somewhereamong thesepapers II. Prep. Of Time IN: 1977(1890,2008…) thesummer(winter…) April (May, August…) themorning(afternoon,evening…) time:kòp lúc anhour - Ex : I will arrivein anhour ON : AT: holiday weekend Monday 15, October th October 15 1977 Monday morning Christmas day time : lúc fire : cháy o’clock night midnight noon (the)weekend Christmas theendof themoment SINCE (+mốcTG): kểtừ … Ex: He hasstudiedEnglishsince1900 FOR (+1 khoảngTG) : được… Ex: _ for 17 years FROM: từ TO : đến Ex: I livedin villagefrom 1977to 1992 III. Some Other Prep. : By : bằng,bởi Ex: Theycanenrichthesoil by usingfertilizers * by bus/car/ train/plane/… On foot: For : cho , vì, để(chỉmục đích) Ex: Whatwould you like for breakfast? Ex: Somepeoplereadfor pleasure With : với , Ex: He wentwith her Ex: I canwritebetterwith my own pen About : veà Ex: Whatdo you think about her? Of : cuûa Ex: The windowof theliving room B. PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES: 1. Adj + TO : acceptable,accustomed,agreeable,contrary,harmful, important, kind, likely, lucky, open,pleasant,similar,familiar, helpful, (but:it’s verykind of you.) 2. Adj + IN : interested,rich, successful Adj + OF : afraid,ahead,aware,capable,confident,full, tired,sure,proud Adj + FOR : available,difficult, late,perfect,useful, famous,responsible,sorry(S.O) Adj + FROM : absent, different,safe,far Adj + AT : clever,present,quick, skilful, good,bad,(angryat something/ with someone) Adj + WITH : acquainted,crowed,friendly, popular,busy,bored,pleased,fed up Adj + ABOUT : confused,sad,serious,worried,sorry(S.T) C. VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION: catch sight of : trông thấy give place to : nhường give way to : nhượng ,tránh đường cho keep pace with : theo kòp, lose sight of : hút, không lose touch with : liên lạc lose track of : dấu make allowance for: chiếu cố make fun of : chế nhạo 10.make a fuss over/ about : cuống quýt việc 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 make room for make use of pay attention to put a stop to put an end to set fire to take account of take advantage of take care of take note of take notice of : doïn chỗ : sử dụng : ý : làm dừng : chấm dứt : châm : ý : lợi dụng : chăm sóc : ý : ý D. GO + PREPOSITION: after: đuổi theo ahead: tiến hành along: tiến triển away: đi, rời khỏi nơi back: trở by: trôi qua( thời gian) E CÁC TRƯỜNG HP KHÁC belong to : thuộc on the contrary : ngược lại on the whole : noùi chung be up to = depend on : tuyø listen to : lắng nghe suffer from : bò, chòu free from : giải phóng write …to : viết … cho… wait for : chờ 10 ask …for : hỏi xin 11 look at : nhìn 12 look after : chăm down: giảm giá up: on: tiếp tục off: nổ 10 out: tắt 11 over: xem xét kỹ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 look up : look out look for laugh at good at good for prevent… from be in bed regard … as : be divided into : take part in : tra từ điển : nhìn : tìm kiếm : cười nhạo : giỏi : tốt cho : ngăn … không : nằm xem chia thành tham gia vào WORD FORM LESSON 3: ( Từ Loại ) A PARTS OF SPEECH: I. Noun (n) 1) n +V : laømS cho V 2) V +n : laømO cho V 3) prep.+n : laømO cho prep 4) be(là) +n : làmC ( C : complement:bổngữ) 5) adj +n Ex: Peoplecanseenewfilm at thecinema S O O He is a scientist C * Notes: - a, an,the - this, that,these,those - some,any,many,… +n - my, your, Tom’s, … II. Adjective (adj.): 1) adj +n 2) adv +adj 3) be(thì, ), look cóvẻ), feel, become, taste(cómùi), smell ( cóvò), get, grow,remain, stay, turn,seem, appear, sound, … + adj Ex: Thatyounggirl is verybeautiful III. Adverb (adv): 1) S +V i +adv Ex: Theyarrivedsafely 2) S +V t +O +adv Ex: Shedid thehouseworkdisappointedly 3) S +V aux +adv + V main 4) adv +adj 5) adv +adv 6) S +V +adv ( or: adv +S +V +… ) Ex: He cansurelydo it Ex: He is reasonablyright Ex: Jack runsveryquickly Ex: We haveboughtit at thatstorerecently (or: Recentlywe haveboughtit at thatstore.) IV Verb (v) : V đứngsauS Cáchìnhthức củaV cònđược dùngở nhiềuvò trí khác Participle: Presentparticiple( V ing) Pastparticiple( V 3ed) 1) Usedin Continuoustenses( V ing) 2) Used in Perfecttenses& Passivevoice(V3ed) 3) Usedas Adj: Ving V 3ed Ex: a/ b/ Activemeaning Passivemeaning The matchexcitesthefans The matchis exciting The fansareexcited The childrenhaveseenaninterestingfilm The childrenareinterestedin thefilm B. FORMATION OF N, ADJ, V: I. V + suffix n : V +-tion, ation -ment -er -ing - age -0 : conservation,preservation,prevention : development : fertilizer : poisoning,dirtying : drainage : safeguard II. n + suffix adj : ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful,helpful, peaceful - less : childless,odourless,speechless,restless,careless,harmless,treeless - ly : manly,brotherly,worldly, hourly, yearly, daily n + - like : childlike,godlike,lifelike,statesmanlike - y : dusty,snowy, rainy, sandy,dirty, healthy - ish : foolish,selfish,childish - al : magical,agricultural,industrial, natural III. OUT + Vi Vt (tốt hơn, nhanh hơn, lâu hơn) : outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh IV. UNDER + n / V n / V( thấphơn,bêndưới, kémhơn): undergrowth, undercharge V. OVER + n/ Adj /V n/ Adj / V ( quágiới hạn,vượt, quánhiều) overcoat, overanxious, overact C. WORD FORM CHARTS: satisfy (v) satisfied(past.Part) satisfying(pres.part) satisfactory(adj) satisfactorily (adv) satisfaction(n) tolerate(v) tolerated(past.Part) tolerant(adj) tolerable(adj) tolerably(adv) tolerance(n) important (adj) importance(n) difficult(adj) difficulty(n) disappoint(v) disappointed(past.Part) disappointing(pres.part) disappointedly(adv) disappointment(n) =adj determine (v) determination (n) tend (v) tendency(n) occupy (v) occupied (past Part) occupation(n) occupational (adj) potential (adj) / (n) 10 expect(v) expected (past Part) expecting(pres part) expectant(adj) expectantly(adv) expectation(n) 11 prefer(v) preferential(adj) preferentially(adv) preference(n) 12 attract(v) attracted(past Part) attractive(adj) attractively(adv) attraction(n) 13 reason(v) reasonable(adj) reasonably(adv) reason(n) 14 absorb(v) absorbed(past Part) absorbent(adj) / (n) absorptive(adj) absorption(n) 15 deafen(v) deaf(adj) / (n) deafness(n) 16 militarize(v) militaristic(adj) military(adj) / (n) militarily(adv) militarism(n) LESSON 4 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME ( Mệnh Đề Trạng Từ Chỉ Thời Gian) I. PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: Ex: 1/ a We alwaystakeour umbrellaswhen it rains b We aresingingas shecomes 2/ a I usually reada newspaperwhile I amwaitingfor thebus b I’m writingwhile theyaretalking 3./ He goeshomeafter hehasfinishedhis work 4/ a Shehasplayedthepianosince shewasfive b I’ve felt muchbettersince I’ve beenhere 5/ a Shegreetsmeas soon as sheseesme b He continueshis journeyas soon as hehasfinishedhis meal Main Clause (Mđềchính) Adverbial Clausesof Time (MđềTrạngtừ chỉTG) S + V 1 / s / es S +AM / IS / ARE +V ing (ñang…) S+V 1 / s / es WHEN = AS WHENEVER S +V 1 / s / es WHILE =AS S +AM / IS / ARE +V ing (ñang…) S +AM / IS / ARE +V ing(ñang…) S+V 1 / s / es AFTER S +HAS / HAVE +V 3ed S +HAS / HAVE +V 3ed SINCE S +V 2ed S + V 1 / s / es ĐÃ CHẤM DỨT S +HAS / HAVE +V 3ed Vẫncòn AS SOON AS S +V 1 / s / es UNTILL = TILL S +HAS / HAVE +V ed Hoàntất II. PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE: EX: 1/ a I satnearthewindowwheneverI tooka bus b It wasraininghardwhenI gotthere 2/ a I methimwhile I waswalkingdownthestreet b I waswritingwhile hewasreading 3/ He smokedafterhehadfinishedhis meal 4/ He hadfinishedhis mealbeforehesmoked 5/ a He left as soonasI told him b He left assoonashehadfinishedhis work Main Clause(Mđềchính) Adverbial Clausesof Time(MđềTrạngtừ chỉTG) S + 2V S + WAS / WERE + V (ñang…) ing WHEN = AS WHENEVER S + V2 Antecedents Things People Place Time Reason Notes: *Where = Which Which Who Whom Whose + n (of which) Whose + n Where When Why prep + nplace *When = prep + ntime *Why = for + the reason *‘THAT’ thay theá cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” mệnh đề có giới hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, prep) *Dùng dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ khỏi mệnh đề tiền danh từ là: - Danh từ riêng - Danh từ bổ nghóa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE - Danh từ bổ nghóa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…) - Danh từ bổ nghóa = nhóm từ ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…) Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away Relative Clauses: Re l. Cl Ant Ex: a/ b/ c/ d/ e/ Relative clause Relative pronoun / adverb The other parts Things + which / that People + + People/ things + whose Place Time Reason + + + where when why who / that whom /that + + + + V ( + O) S+V V( + O) S+V V ( + O) +n+ S+V + S + V (+ O) Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door? She showed me the radio She had bought it She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought I don’t like the people People lose their temper easily I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily The man works here I saw him yesterday The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here The house is very large Its door is green The house whose door is green is very large Have you seen the girl? I’m keeping her bicycle Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I’m keeping? Vietnam is beautiful We live in vietnam Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful f/ g/ REPORTED SPEECH LESSON 12: (Câu Tường Thuật) Phát biểu: S TOLD + O + V (chia roài) … Ex1: They said to us, “These are (THAT) + S +V snakes.” They told us (that) those were snakes Ex2 : “I came at o’clock,” he said He said (that) he had come at o’clock S+ (lùi thì) SAID 2. Câu hỏi: WH_ / How_ Questions: “WH + V + S… ?” YES _ NO Questions: “ V + S … ?” a/ b/ S + know asked + (O) + WH wanted to S + + IF / WHETHER thì) wondered Ex1: Ex2: V (lùi The stranger said, “ Where is Tra Vinh town school?” The stranger asked where Tra Vinh town school was “ Did you see him?” she said to me She asked me if / whether I had seen him 3.Mệnh Lệnh &ø Yêu Cầu: To+V … ( KĐ) Not + To + V1 ( PĐ) TOLD To + V1 (MLKÑ) S + ASKED Not to + 1V(MLPÑ) Ex: He said to us, “ Keep silent here, please.” He told us to keep silentthere Ex: “Don’t laugh at me” said Mary Mary asked menot to laugh at her Notes: 1. Change of Adverbs of Time & Place: Direct speech Reported speech here this these now today there that those then thatday Direct speech Reported speech tonight yesterday ago tomorrow 10 next(week….) thatnight thepreviousday,thedaybefore before thefollowingday,thenextday 10 thefollowing(week…) 2. Change of Pronoun & Poss. Adj: Per 3 S + V Subj I We You They He She It Obj Me Us You Them Him Her It Poss. Adj My Our Your Their His Her Its Poss. Pro Mine Ours Yours Theirs His Hers its I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY + O, “ person1…………………… person2” (chúng)tôi (các)bạn Changes of Tenses: Direct Speech V1 am is +V areing / Reported Speech V2ed Vs/es has/ have+V 3ed V 2ed was/ were+V ing was +V ing were had + V3ed hadbeen+V ing Notes: 1/ Khi từ ‘WH’ làm S hoặc bổ nghóa cho S O đổi thể Ex: “Who has broken this vase?” said my My father asked who had broken that 2/ Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả 1 chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên O đổi thì Ex: Our teacher said, “The sun rises in the will shall can may must would should could might hadto +V1 +V1 Our teachersaidthatthesunrisesin theeast 3/ Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì Htại or Tlai O đổi thì, không đổi thời gian & nơi chốn, chỉ đổi ngôi Ex: He says,“I’m hurrynow.” He saysthatheis hungrynow 4/ S + should / had better + (not) V S + advised + O + (not) To V Ex: You should eat a lot of fresh fruit He advised me to eat a lot of fresh fruit Tất cả các hình thức khi đổi sang câu tường thuật phải đổi ngôi : Ngôi đổi theongười nói Ngôi đổi theongười nghe(O) Ngôi giữ nguyên CLAUSES OF PURPOSE LESSON 13 : (Mệnh Đề Chỉ Mục Đích) S + V + SO THAT can/could _ + S + will/ would + IN ORDER THAT shall/ should …để mà… may/ Ex: a) We study hard We want to pass the exam We studyhard so that we canpasstheexam b) I helpedNam.I wantedhimto finishthework on time I helpedNamin order that hecouldfinishthework on time Notes: Phrase of Purpose to S +V + Ex: in order to +V so as to in orderfor + O +TO … ñeÅ… We studyhardto passtheexam I helpedNamin orderfor himto finishthework on time V COMPARISONS LESSON 14 : ( So Saùnh) Types Models 1/ Equal Degree (So sánh bằng) 2/Comparitive Degree (So sánh hơn) 3/ Superlative Degree (So sánh nhất) AS + adj / adv + AS (bằng,như) NOT AS/SO + adj / adv + AS (khôngbằng,khôngnhư) adj / adv(ngắn) + ER MORE + adj / adv(daøi) THE + THAN + + adj / adv(ngắn) + EST THE MOST + adj / adv(dài) Examples: Notes: 1/ a) You areas tall as I am.(=me) b) John doesn’twork as/so effectivelyas Tom (does) 2/ a) The letterwill probablyarrivesooner than you expect b) Mr Smithcandrivemore carefully than his wife (can) 3/ a) Sheworks(the) hardest of anyonein theclass b) That’sthe most beautiful girl I’ve everseen 1/ Short Adj. / Adv (ngắn): - vần Ex: tall, soon.Small… - vần tận = -y,-er, -le,-ow, -et, Ex: happy, clever, simple,… early 2/ Long Adj. /Adv (dài): - vầntrởlên,trừcáctrườnghợp Ex: modern,carefully, comfortable… - vầntậncùng=-ly Ex: quickly, loudly… 3/ So Sánh Nhất : Dùngcho đối tượngtrởlên 4/ Khi thêm “er ; est” large larger largest big bigger biggest dry drier driest 5/ So Sánh Bất Qui Tắc: good / well better best bad / badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest THAN Sentence Transformation: adj / adv + ER A 1/ + V + _ + MORE + adj /adv B + V not + SO / AS THAN + adj /adv … AS + A + adj / adv(phản nghóa) + ER B + V + _ + THAN MORE + adj /adv(phản nghóa) Ex: Betty is younger than Susan Susan is not so young as Betty ( Susan is older than Betty.) 2/ A + THAN + B B be + a(an) + + V not + SO /AS + adj + ER _ + MORE + adj adv + AS n + + Ex: He is a more careful driver than I am I don’t drive so carefully as he does (=as him) S + has/have + never/not + V3 + such + a(an) + adj + 3/ adj + est This is the + _ + n + (ever) V3 most + adj Ex: 4/ n + (that) + S + has/have He has never watched such an exciting match before This is the most exciting match he’s ever watched No one / Nobody than + A + place + be adj + er + _ + more + adj adj + est A + be + the + + place most + adj Ex: No one in the village is stronger than Tom Tom is the strongest in the village LESSON 15 : SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION ( Biến đổi câu) 1/ khoaûng TG + ago S + started /began + Ving / to V1… + (prep +) mốc TG V3 for + khoảng TG S + has / have + + been + Ving moác TG since + We started studying English half an hour ago We’ve been studying English for half an hour Ex: khoaûng TG + ago The last time + S + V2 + … was + 2a / +) mốc TG (prep for + khoảng TG S + has / have not + V3 … + since + moác TG Ex: 2b / The last time she had a swim was five years ago She has not had a swim for five years S + last + V2 + … when S S + has / have not + S + V2 V2 + V … + since I last went to the football match when I was a student I haven’t gone to the football match since I was a student Ex: 3/ + S + has / have not khoaûng TG + It + is + khoaûng TG + for V … + + 01 since + S + V2 She hasn’t had a swim for five years It is five years since she had a swim Ex: S + has /have + never/not + V … (+before) 4/ This / it is the first time + (that) + S + has /have ever + V … Ex: I’ve never visited Paris before This is the first time (that) I’ve (ever) visited Paris S + V2 … and then (S) + V2 + 5/ After + S + had + V3 … V2 … , S + I had breakfast and then went to school After I had had breakfast, I went to school Ex: 6/ The formal subject “IT”: Ving / To V1 … + be + adj /n (+for O) IT + be + adj / n (+for O) + To V1… Knowing English is useful It is useful to know English Ex: 7/ The formal object “IT”: Ving / To V1 … + be + adj /n S + V* + to V1… IT + adj / n + V* : find, make, think consider, believe, feel,… Ex: Living in the city is exciting Some people find it exciting to live in the city be accustomed to / = be used to + V ing becomeaccustomedto = getusedto Ex: 9/ We oftengo to school by bus We areusedto going to school by bus used to + V 1 Ex: My grandfatheroftenplayedtenniswhenhewasyoung My grandfatherusedto play tenniswhenhewasyoung S +spend(s) / spent 10/ + time + V ing It +takes / took (+O) +time Ex: +To V1 We spent five hoursgetting to London It took us five hoursto get to London can S + not + V … becauseof + could 11/ n prevent(s) / stop(s) S + _ + O +from+ V ing prevented / stopped We can’tdrivebecauseof fog The fog preventsus fromdriving Ex: 12/ Inversion: Đảongữ Adv* + V + S… Adv*: No longer, Never, Rarely, Seldom, Only, No sooner, Hardly … Sheno longer getsup early No longer doesshegetup early Who +do /does + S + belongto? Ex: 13/ Who own(s)…….? Whose + V Whose + n Ex: 14/ Causative Form: + S… ? + V + S … ? Who doesthis bicyclebelongto? Who ownsthis bicycle? Whoseis this bicycle? Whosebicycleis this? (Người) O +V1 ( Chủ động) S + have / get + (vật) O +V động) nhờ ai đó làm việc gì Ex : a) 15 / V (bò Tom is going to repair my T.V tomorrow I am going to have Tom repair my T.V tomorrow I am going to have my T.V repaired by Tom tomorrow b) He’s getting someone to mend the window He’s having the window mended Because + S + Because of + n / Ving Example: a) Because she walked in the sun, she was sick Because of walking in the sun, she was sick b) Because the weather was bad,the train was delayed for twenty minutes Because of the bad weather, the train was delayed for twenty minutes b) + adj Because the Because of the + n + + be adj + n c) Because he is ill, he can’t go there Because of his illness, he can’t go there c) Because Because of S be + poss adj + adj + n d) Because she behaves well, everybodylovesher Becauseof her good behavior, everybodylovesher d) Because S + V*ord Becauseof Poss.Adj +adj V* : develop, invent, liberate, + adv + n discover, behave, rain… (n) : development, invention, liberation, discovery, behavior, rain, … e) Becausetherewasthe August Revolution, Vietnamwasfreedfromcolonialismandfeudalism Becauseof the August Revolution, Vietnamwasfreedfromcolonialismandfeudalism e) Because + there + be + n… Becauseof 16/ Although/ Though + n… + In spiteof / Despite + S + V n /Ving … Ex: 17. Styles: Although he is rich, heis extremelymean In spiteof his richness, heis extremelymean Using N 1) There+bea determination 2) 3) 4) 5) Ex: Using V S + bedetermined There+bea tendency showa desire givethoughtto haveknowledgeof S + tend desire think about/of knowabout Thereis a determination to overcomeproblems Childrenare determined to overcomeproblems LESSON 16 : SUBJECT AND VERB CONCORD (Sự Hòa Hợp Giữa Chủ Từ Và Động Từ) *Special Cases: prep 1/ n / pron + +n / pron + V aswell as Ex: The teacher with his students is in theclassroom 2/ N / Pron + V or / nor + N / Pron + Ex: Either he or you are the translator Each 3/ (of) sing + n / pron + V Every Ex: Each of us has books and pens 4/ Everybody = Everyone Somebody = Anyone Anybody = no one + Vsing Everything Something Anything Ex: Everyone knows him None of + N/pron + V mark Ex : None of the students have good None of the student has good mark A number of + N + Vplural from class today The number of + N + Vsingular has risen Ex : A number of students are absent This year, the number of accidents S(thời gian, tiền, khoảng cách, trọng lượng) + Vsingular much for that shirt S(Ving/To V) + Vsingular Ex : Twenty dollars is too Ex : Smoking is bad for health To live is to struggle ( Sống tranh đấu ) There + Be + N Ex : There is some sugar in the jar There are some books on the self 10 Phần trăm/phân số + of + Nkhông đếm + Vsingular Ex : Sixty percent of waste paper is recycled Phần trăm/phân số + of + Nplural + Vplural Ex : Half of the students in this school come from the country EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY LESSON 17 : (Những Cụm Từ Chỉ Số Lượng) I. Expressions of quantity: 1) with plural, countable nouns: MOST A LARGE NUMBER OF MANY A LOT OF / LOTS OF SOME (A) FEW books are useful 2) With uncountable nouns: MOST A GREAT DEAL OF MUCH A LOT OF / LOTS OF SOME (A) LITTLE sugar is sold 3) With verbs: They know * Notes: A GREAT DEAL OF MUCH A LOT (A) LITTLE about English literature most them / us / … many + OF + the / this / that /these / those (a) few my / your /… /Tom’s/ … (a) little Many / Much thường dùng : in neg & inter Form Ex: He can’t drink much after TOO, SO, AS ,VERY Ex: There are too many night club here A little, a few some : positive Ex : Would you like a little tea? Little , few o : negative Ex : He’s a man of few words II. HOW MUCH, HOW MANY Questions : 1) How many+pl Count.Noun +inter.form? 2) How much+uncount.noun+inter.form? Ex: how muchtimedoesjanespendstudying? 3) How much+inter.form? Ex: how muchdid hedrink lastnight? Notes: Ex: how manystudentsaretherein your class? how many/ how much+S +affir form? Ex: How manyEnglishtouristshavevisitedTV? Irregular verbs be:am/is/are beat become begin bind bite blow break bring 10.build 11.buy 12.catch 13.choose 14.come 15.cost 16.cut 17.do 18.draw 19.drink 20.drive 21.eat 22.fall 23.feed 24.feel 25.fight 26.find 27.fly 28.forbid 29.forget Was/were, Beat Became Began Bound Bit Blew Broke Brought Built Bought Caught Chose Came Cost Cut Did Drew Drank Drove Ate Fell Fed Felt Fought Found Flew Forbad(e) Forgot Been Beaten Become Begun Bound Bitten Blown Broken Brought Built Bought Caught Chosen Come Cost Cut Done Drawn Drunk Driven Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Fought Found Flown Forbidden Forgetten Là,thì,ở,bò,được Đánh Trở nên Bắtđầu Trói,buộc,bám Cắn Thổi Làmgãy,làmvỡ Manglại Xây dựng Mua Bắt Chọn lựa Đến Trò giá Chặt,cắt Làm Vẽ Uống Lái xe Ăn Rơi,té Cho ăn Cảmthấy Chiếnđấu Tìm thấy Bay Cấm Quên 30.freeze 31.get 32.give 33.go 34.grow 35.hang 36.have 37.hear 38.hide 39.hit 40.hold 41.hurt 42.keep 43.know 44.lay 45.lead 46.leave 47.lend 48.let 49.lie 50.lose 51.make 52.meet 53.overcome 54.pay 55.put 56.read 57.ride 58.ring 59.rise 60.run 61.say 62.see 63.seek 64.sell 65.send 66.shake 67.shine 68.shoot 69.show 70.sing 71.sleep 72.speak 73.sit 74.spend 75.stand 76.steal 77.strike 78.swim 79.swing 80.take 81.teach 82.tear 83.tell Froze Got Gave Went Grew Hung Had Heard Hid Hit Held Hurt Kept Knew Laid Led Left Lent Let Lay Lost Made Met Overcame Paid Put Read Rode Rang Rose Ran Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Shook Shone Shot Showed Sang Slept Spoke Sat Spent Stood Stole Struke Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Frozen Got/gotten Given Gone Grown Hung Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Kept Known Laid Led Left Lent Let Lain Lost Made Met Overcome Paid Put Read Ridden Rung Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Shaken Shone Shot Shown Sung Slept Spoken Sat Spent Stood Stolen Struke Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Đônglạnh Bò,được,trởnên Cho Đi Trồng,mọc,pháttriển Treo,mắc Có Nghe Chegiấu,ẩnnấp Đụng,đánh Cầm,nắm,giữ Làmđau Giữ Biết Đặt,để Dẫn,dắt Rời khỏi,đểlại Cho mượn Đểcho Nằm Mất,thua,lỗ Làm,chếtạo Gặp Khắcphục,vượtqua Trảtiền Đặt,để Đọc Cưỡi(ngựa,xe đạp) Rung(chuông) Mọc Chạy Nói Thấy Tìm đến Bán Gửi Rung,lắc Chiếusáng Bắn Chỉ,choxem Hát Ngủ Nói Ngồi Trãi qua,tiêuxài Đứng Ăn cắp Đánh Bơi Đungđưa,lúclắc Lấy,đưa,dẫn Dạy Xé Kể,bảo 84.think 85.throw 86.understand 87.wake 88.wear 89.win 90.write Thought Threw Understood Woke Wore Won Wrote Thought Thrown Understood Woken Worn Won Written Suy nghó Ném,liệng Hiểu Thứcgiấc Mặc,mang,đội Thắng,đoạt viết ... đề quan hệ khỏi mệnh đề tiền danh từ là: - Danh từ riêng - Danh từ bổ nghóa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE - Danh từ bổ nghóa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…) - Danh từ bổ nghóa = nhóm từ ( EX:... thesummer(winter…) April (May, August…) themorning(afternoon,evening…) time:kòp lúc anhour - Ex : I will arrivein anhour ON : AT: holiday weekend Monday 15, October th October 15 1977 Monday morning... foolish,selfish,childish - al : magical,agricultural,industrial, natural III. OUT + Vi Vt (toát hơn, nhanh hơn, lâu hơn) : outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh IV. UNDER + n / V n / V(