Kien thuc trong tam HHC12

Nguyễn Văn Mơ KTCB Hóa 12NC   I.  • HS biết   !"#$%& - '()*&+,-#-.'()*&/0 • HS hiểu - 1#2%&34 - 1#)56*%&7)*&!$2"8%&'()*& II.  - 9+$" 0 !):,2%&"! - ;,33<=>#&"$34  A. III.   &(<?@9%&<?1@@93A<?@BC:" 0 1DE1F"!,GB1@@BCG R C O R' || O − − − EHBBCI()&3JD7!KB<L")F M8IN-#JG  R C O C R ' || || O O − − − − R C X || O − − EOG&F R C N R ' || | O R '' − − − P")&- 9&#&&- P IV. !"#$%&'()(  Q%&&-"R#S(TUV3&(!<W&>#,  X"8D%&U!&-&<WI#(=*&3JD<=J$ ")QY! H&7JD&) H V. !*+&'()( 1. ,-./   !"# )D) ! Z &-G B1@@BC[9 \ @ ] \ ^ 9 +@  ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ† ‡ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆˆ B1@@9[BC@9 )D) ! Z 3&_!G B1@@B C [X&@9 ] \ 9 @ → B1@@X&[B C @9 `,J*G B1@@BC ] ^ aP9  ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ† ‡ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆˆ B19 \ @9[BC@9 2. ,-012'3  $%&'()$*+( 19 \ b19c1@@c19 d [9 \  ] X → 19 d c19 \ c1@@c19 d   ,-." 1 Nguyễn Văn Mơ KTCB Hóa 12NC 0 3 t ,xt,p 2 3 3 COOCH | n CH CH COOCH ( | CH = − → 2 n CH C )− 3 | CH VI. 4 1. )(&''$ 19 d 1@@9[E19 d F \ 1919 \ @9 ] \ ^ 9 +@  ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ† ‡ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆˆ 19 d 1@@19 \ 19E19 d F \ [9 \ @ 2. )(&'($ 1 e 9 f c@9[E19 d 1@F \ @ →  19 d 1@@1 e 9 f [19 d 1@@9 Phenol Anhiđrit axetic Phenyl axetat 3. )(.56 7$628"956 : 3 2 0 (CH COO ) Zn 3 3 2 t CH COOH CH CH CH COO CH CH (Vinyl axetat) + ≡ → − = B. I. ;*</"=$ aT0T#!<)$3IJD.&&) H &#) #DT#!JD6g ah34) 134)%&-)H&-&3-(<Ii#(=*&3Ejk\1"$ \^1FJD6E&-34F)-)&()&-(-) 11%&<L$G 19 \ 19 19 \ @ 1 @ B k @1@ B \ @ 1 @ B d )"<G B k B \ B d I()&32l<L7JD B k B \ B d I&#E34)#FKJ&#E342F B k B \ B d E34)mn"8FKJDE34UR#gF 1&-34 o7G 1 kf 9 dk 1@@9G&-&1 kp 9 dk 1@@9G&- 1 kp 9 dd 1@@9G&-1 kp 9 df 1@@9G&-&) 2 II. !"#$%&'3> III. 134Y! HJD&) H&)#DT#! IV. q"8 o34"8rL)mEnF34grL UER#F V. !.'+&'3> 1.  !"#,(/+0,12340 VI. 19 \ 19 19 \ @ 1 @ B k @1@ B \ @ 1 @ B d [  9 \ @ 19 \ 19 19 \ @9 @9 @9 [  B k 1@@9 B \ 1@@9 B d 1@@9  ] 9 [   2. 4'"5(67`,-& s ()&&!JD#t VII. 19 \ 19 19 \ @ 1 @ B k @1@ B \ @ 1 @ B d [  X&@9 19 \ 19 19 \ @9 @9 @9 [  B k 1@@X& B \ 1@@X& B d 1@@X&    3. 08,(93 VIII. 19 \ 19 19 \ @ 1 @ 1 kp 9 dd @1@ 1 kp 9 dd @ 1 @ 1 kp 9 dd [  d9 \ X`  19 \ 19 19 \ @ 1 @ 1 kp 9 df @1@ 1 kp 9 df @ 1 @ 1 kp 9 df 4. :; IX. uR#n"8g"L6# o<WJ<t#E 0DnFX#(= 6I"D1b1rI&-JD)343t@O9E@O9F3r-JDJ2= -3t6%(2v0&"<W O ? ? 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[• \ 1• T CIII.@ABCD?FWCFWC:FUH:C CIV.  I.  • @3 CV. `62&&%&& CVI. ‡&).%&&&- CVII. )_&-#& ).%&5)#8I CVIII. 1#)56*!3,%&) • @X CIX. 1#26*"#$& CX. 1#)56*!3,&&- II.  CXI. ;=&D o&>#I$0& &&- CXII. w$- !):<& CXIII. ˆ#&6 63&&&-) CXIV. ;,30&&&- ) CXV.  A.FWC I. ;*</"=$ • /0T0T#!" 02)&J&($87##(=*"))6* X9 d 3A87#I")&3 • #M(A07\62 CXVI. "y { "= s 6 z #& { # s &D z  ")&3G& !E1 e 9 f X9 \ F&34E1 \ 9 f X9 \ F&t Z  CXVII.  36 { &G&3kE19 d X9 \ F&3\ EE19 d F \ X9F&3dEE19 d F d XF  II. !"#$% CXVIII. 1(&(&TJWJ< t#"8V&) H1&"h"l&!TU7)m CXIX. PUJD#)"8&)  H III. !.'+ 1. S$T$V39/3/0 • S<3NO CXX. 19 d X9 \ [9 \ @ ƒ ƒ19 d X9 d „ [ [@9  CXXI. 19 d X9 \ [91‰ƒ19 d X9 d „ [ 1  CXXII.  Emetylamoni cloruaF  CXXIII. 1 e 9 f X9 \ [91‰ƒ1 e 9 f X9 d „ [ 1  CXXIV.  Ephenylamoni cloruaF CXXV. ~ z 3&_!& s  z  { &#G1 e 9 f X9 \  ŠX9 d  Š19 d X9 \  Š1 \ 9 f X9 \  Š E19 d F \ X9 • &W03400,O 1OOw• 1 \ 9 f X9 \  [ 9X@ \  ‰ 1 \ 9 f @9 [X \ [9 \ @ CXXVII. 1 e 9 f X9 \ [9X@ \ [91  → − oo f] ƒ1 e 9 f X \ „ [ 1  [\9 \ @ CXXVIII. Phenylđiazoni clorua (muối điazoni) • 3*XM(63X= XYZ$V39/[ I  CXXIX. 1 \ 9 f X9 \ [19 d •‰1 \ 9 f X919 d [9• 2. =B#O/$V330M0 CXXX. X9 \ [d…) \ X9 \ …) …) …) [d9…)  IV. 4 1. 3XYH XY1 L $ L 3"#1 L  \ CXXXI. X9 d 19 d • 9• 19 d X9 \ E19 d F \ X9 E19 d F d X 19 d • 9• 19 d • 9• 2. 1 L O C "$#H0,((bằng H nguyên tử mới sinh) CXXXII. X@ \ [eƒ9„ X9 \ €[91   [\9 \ @ B. FWC:FU I. 4YZ'"=2I 1. ]^ _37P&-T0T#!6*&"ho<&3-(E 1@@9F<&EX9 \ F 2. T ,`$"#Z7X<1@@9<X9 \ )&&- !H&#2)& n g(A63AH26* CXXXIII. 19 d 19 X9 \ 1@@9 19 d 19 [ X9 d 1@@  CXXXIV. & { 6 s  & {  ! ‹  {  II. !"#$% CXXXV. 1&&-)mJD#t!"8<,(& V&) H III. !.'+ 1. S$TM1aS CXXXVI. & z # { ! z &-G 9 \ X19 \ 1@@9   [  91  ‰ 19 d X19 \ 1@@9 CXXXVII.  & z # { ! z 3&_!G 9 \ X19 \ 1@@9   [  X&@9  ‰ 9 \ X19 \ 1@@X&[9 \ @ 2. b H 340[<3NO$ L 3c c0 C $3/0(340 CXXXVIII. [w! z # { -Gu# {  z D) ! Z 6 Z  )#~ z  CXXXIX. 2 2 3 2 H N CH COOH H N CH COO + − − − − − ˆ ˆ† ‡ ˆ ˆ CXL. w! z # { &-#&Gu# { & Z ( z D ) ! Z &- CXLI.  9@@1 19 19 \ 19 \ 1@@9 X9 \  @@1 19 19 \ 19 \ 1@@  X9 d [ [9 [ CXLII. $#GwH&&-<1ˆGE9 \ XF - BE1@@9F (  CXLIII. [FX$#-b(G#t<D ) o)# E9ŒpF CXLIV. [FX$#-•(G#t<D ) o3&_! E9•pF CXLV. [FX$#-Š(G#t<D ) o&- E9ŠpF 3. PdP(6$V39/[:: CXLVI. 9 \ X19 \ 1@@9[1 \ 9 f @9 91 ˆ ˆ ˆ† ‡ ˆ ˆˆ 9 \ X19 \ 1@@1 \ 9 f [9 \ @ 4. $V39/[ I &W0: I CXLVII. 9 \ X19 \ 1@@9[9X@ \ ‰9@19 \ 1@@9[X \ Ž[9 \ @ 5. ,-1 CXLVIII. ]  \ \ f 9 X ƒ19 „ 1@@9 E− − → \ f  9X ƒ19 „ 1@ F− − \ 9 @+  C.  I. 4YZ'"=$ 1. ]^_37`T0" 0:3A &&(#6 *α&&- CXLIX. a=J$G<?1@?X9? 2. #M(A07#•I 0"!t&&-&)&G")• CL. I6*&&-2)&y=R:I 0"h6 y&&j&E‘F II. \ ]  ]  ] ' ^  1. 3 L 1 H /3 D <0 ,P7a.)m)[1#E@9F \ →# 2. 3 L 1 H  L X"# CLI.   9 \ X 19 \ 1@ X9 19 1@ X9 19 B d 1@@9 B k B \ 9 \ X 19 \ 1@@9 B k 9 \ X 19 1@@9 B \ 9 \ X 19 B d 1@@9 [ [ 2 H 2 O H + D.H:C I. 4YZ'"=$ 1. ]^_37& Z  ‹ &6 s  z 6 s JD z  Z & Z # { & Z "= z & Z )= { # 2. #M(A07h)"!,)2 II. !"#$% CLII. u2h2G)h2r\220 2:R# CLIII. &%&)J&#G):0JD &) H):R#&) H CLIV. +g"DGJ"#<7&-3&_!8I #I))’"D2)&JU III. !.'+ 1.  !"# CLV. ?X9?19B k ?1@?X9?19B \ ?1@?X9?19B d ?1@?[9 \ @ [ ] 9  &(_ →  CLVI. ?X9 \ ?19B k ?1@@9[X9 \ ?19B \ ?1@@9[X9 \ ? 19B d ?1@@9[ 2. /' CLVII. wH9X@ d Ga.)m)[9X@ d "7→↓ CLVIII. u8II&&-< CLIX. @9 [\9X@ d @9 X@ \ X@ \ [\9 \ @ CLX. wH1#E@9F \ Ga.)m)[1#E@9F \ → #  UT [...]... (aminopectin) và mạng lưới (cao su lưu hóa, nhựa bakelit) III Tính chất vật lý: Hầu hết polime là những chất rắn, không bay hơi, không có nhiệt độ nóng chảy xác định Đa số polime không tan trong các dung môi thông thường, một số tan được trong dung môi thích hợp cho dd nhớt IV Tính chất hóa học 3 Phản ứng giữ nguyên mạch polime CLXX to ( CH2 CH )n + nNaOH Cl ( CH2 CH )n + nNaCl OH Poli (vinyl clorua) CLXXI Ancol... ̣n: Monome tham gia phản ứng trùng hợp phải có liên kết kép hoă ̣c vòng Thí dụ: - Trùng hợp: nCH2 CH Cl xt,to ( CH2 CH ) n Cl CLXXVIII n CH2-CH2-CH2 CH2-CH2-NH C=O t0, xt NH[CH2]5CO Tô capron Caprolactam CLXXIX CLXXX n - Đồng trùng hợp: 2 Phản ứng trùng ngưng CLXXXI - Đinh nghia: là quá trình kế t hơ ̣p nhiều phân tử nhỏ (monome) thành phân tử ̣ ̃ lớn (polime) đồng thời giải phóng những phân tử nhỏ... n + 2nH 2 O → (Hexametylen ®iamin) Poli (hexametylen − a®ipmit) (Axit a®ipic) b Tơ capron (tơ nilon -6) n CH2-CH2-CH2 CH2-CH2-NH CCI c Tơ enang (tơ nilon-7): C=O t0, xt NH[CH2]5CO n Tô capron Caprolactam 0 t nH 2 N − [CH 2 ]6 − COOH  ( HN − [CH 2 ]6 − CO ) n + nH 2 O → CCII 2 Tơ poli este a Tơ lapsan: Đươ ̣c tổng hợp từ axit terephtalic và etylen glicol CCIII HOOC Axit terephtalic COOH + HO-CH2 -CH2 . 1 E F    19 19 19 1b@ 19 19 X9 X9ƒ19 „ f 1@   Caprolactam  ] - Tô capron  CLXXIX. - Đồng trùng hợp: CLXXX. 2. ,-1. O$3",(kO0M(oGm CCI. 19 19 19 1b@ 19 19 X9 X9ƒ19 „ f 1@   Caprolactam  ] - Tô capron  c. OP3kO0M(osm7 CCII.  ]  e 9 X ƒ19