On the basis of systematizing and developing the theory of journalism dissemination and newspaper dissemination style, the dissertation analyzes deeply to be able to identify the journalistic style of Ngo Tat To expressing in the internal content, structure and language form; assess the significance of this issue in Vietnamese journalism history; draw some lessons for journalism activities. Invite you to consult the thesis to grasp the details of the content.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION NGUYEN BUI KHIEM JOURNALISTIC PROSE STYLE OF NGO TAT TO Major: Journalism Code: 9.32.01.01 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS OF JOURNALISM HANOI 2019 Works are completed in ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION NATIONAL POLITICAL ACADEMY HO CHI MINH The scientific guidance Objection 1: Objection 2: Objection 3: The thesis was defended in the thesis put Council of State, meeting at Academy of Journalism and CommunicationHanoi At last now on months in 2019 Thesis can be found at: National Library, the Library of Academy of Journalism and Communication (NATIONAL POLITICAL ACADEMY HO CHI MINH) INTRODUCTION 1. Reason for choosing the theme Ngo Tat To is one of the most excellent writers and journalists from before the August Revolution. His life and career have attracted the attention of many colleagues, researchers, critics and generations of students. With about 400 works, it can be said that the research on Ngo Tat To is quite large. However, most of the research work is in the field of literature, and the researches in his Journalism career are little and still have some certain gaps, such as: (1) about genre of press works of Ngo Tat To have many different names such as polemic, feuilleton, mixed literature, prose; (2) about style of Ngo Tat To in creative labor; (3) Up to now, most of research work about Journalism career of Ngo Tat To are based on survey basis of more than 100 press works of Ngo Tat To published in 1975. From 2005 to 2011, researchers published about 1350 press works identified as Ngo Tat To. From that fact, it is necessary to organize research based on the basis of the overall heritage legacy survey of Ngo Tat To 2. Purpose and research task 2.1. Purpose of the research Based on the systematic and theoretical development of journalistic prose and the journalistic prose style, the thesis deeply analyses to be able to identify the journalistic prose style by Ngo Tat Tot through the content, structural form and language; evaluates the significance of this problem in the history of Vietnamese press; and draws some lessons for journalistic activities 2.2. Research task To achieve the purpose of the research, the thesis performs the following tasks: establishing a theoretical basis for the research object; identifying the characteristics of journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To through aspects such as content, form and language; evaluating the historical significance of journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To and lessons for journalists nowadays 3. Object and scope of research The research object of the thesis is the journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To reflected through documents related to his career in general and his journalistic prose work in particularly The research scope of the thesis is to examine the journalistic prose work of Ngo Tat To was printed in: "General collection of Ngo Tat To’s Prose"; "Ngo Tat To’s Journalistic Feuilleton"; "Ngo Tat To’s works”, etc. and some press work of Ngo Tat To published before 1945 can be accessed from other sources 4. Reasoning basis and Research methods 4.1. Reasoning basis The thesis is built on the basis of applying the perspective of Marxism Leninism and Ho Chi Minh ideology about the press; applying press reasoning, literary reasoning; some research results on the history of journalism; genre of press work; creative press activities 4.2. Research methods The methodology of the thesis is based on the reasoning system of journalism At the same time, the thesis also uses specific methods such as historical research method; analysis and synthesis, statistics, classification of textbooks and generalizations to analyze and evaluate the journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To 5. Research hypothesis 5.1. The explorations and experiments on journalistic prose are the contributions of Ngo Tat To in the process of mobilization and development of the Vietnamese press 5.2. As a former scholar, journalists in the context of EastWest time with sociopolitical fluctuations before the August Revolution, etc. that are the factors shaping the journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To 5.3. Journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To is significant in the history of Vietnamese press and the lessons for journalistic labor nowadays 6. New contribution of the thesis The thesis emphasizes some new methods of reasoning such as: The theory of journalistic prose, some characteristics of the genre; dominant elements, influencing the style of the author and journalistic prose work Identification of style of Ngo Tat To through aspects of content, form and language The research results of the thesis can be used as a reference material for teaching, research and journalistic labor 7. The structure of the thesis Beyond the Introduction, Research Overview, Conclusions, Reference Materials and Appendix, the thesis consists of five chapters: General reasoning on journalistic prose style; Chapter 2. Journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To through content aspects of the works; Chapter 3. Journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To through formal aspects and structures of the works; Chapter 4. Ngo Tat To’s Language style of Journalistic Prose; Chapter 5. Journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To Historical significance of journalism and journalistic lesson OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION According to incomplete synthesis, up to now, there have been about 400 research activities about Ngo Tat To, but most of them are researches on his literary career In 1939, in some articles introducing the work "When the light is out" had the first comments on the writing style of Ngo Tat To. In Thoi vu Newspaper dated 31st January 1939, Vu Trong Phung introduced: "Ngo Tat To is a journalist of Confucianism and is an excellent speaker among the Confucian scholars"; In the New newspaper dated 15th June, 1939, Tran Minh Tuoc also agreed that in Ngo Tat To is a Confucian scholar, but he was "beyond his generation. This student of Confucian lived in the social atmosphere of K. Marx like all teenager writers in the battle contingent"; Vu Ngoc Phan in the Modern Writers commented, Ngo Tat To is a veteran in the field of literature and journalism: " in the number of Chinese learners have been influenced by Western European literature and are classified in the class of Confucianism with criticallyminded, wisely judge and having new ideology”, reading his writing "people have the impression of reading the French translation" In 1954, after the death of Ngo Tat To, there were many articles introducing him with grief and respect for his talent, virtue; However, in those articles, it was almost impossible to mention the Journalism career of Ngo Tat To. In 1959, in the book “Prewar Writers 19301945”, author The Phong said that Ngo Tat To “is the writer, journalist of new wine in old bottle, with a bright and attractive phraseology, thorough observation, with abundant vibrancy” In 1962, Nguyen Duc Dan and Phan Cu De reported the general research results on Ngo Tat To. In this work, the authors deeply research on the type of writing “Talking in a sudden inspiration way” and ideological content, writing art of Ngo Tat To. Accordingly, the type of writing in the column “Talking in a sudden inspiration way” presided over by Ngo Tat To is called feuilleton, are “short, neat reviews on social, politics, current events, arts, education, etc.” And commented “The writing of Ngo Tat To always shows a sharp and strong fighting spirit” Also in 1962, in the article "Ngo Tat To as I know" in Van Nghe magazine, Nguyen Duc Binh had a comment, Ngo Tat To “is a journalist writing Prose, which Western European called the feuilleton, in the peace time, some talent writers such as Lo Tan have built careers with the type of writing above; Ngo Tat To “has a new way of writing, in addition is original, without any reminder of parallel constructions, the tone is charming sometimes, sometimes is graceful, but especially witty; with sharp sentences, innocent, short, words using is strong and delicate” In 1973, in the book "History of Vietnamese Literature," Nguyen Dang Manh said, Ngo Tat To was the person who brought into play the positive elements of Confucianism and of the ancient Chinese doctrine in general; He has talents in many aspects, abundant creativity and persistent. He has full essential conditions of morality and talent to become an excellent journalist, writer In 1975, the Literature Publishing House published the book "Ngo Tat To – the work" – edited by Phan Cu De. After the results published in 1962, this is the work to continue the comprehensive introduction of the career of Ngo Tat To. In the field of journalism, for the first time, Phan Cu De published 110 articles of Ngo Tat To written between 1929 and 1943 In 1983, in the essay “Special features in feuilleton of Ngo Tat To” in the Literature Magazine, Le Thi Duc Hanh said that the Journalistic Feuilletons of Ngo Tat To “are artistic, to be a smooth combination of mind and icon in order to create a strong persuasion through specific events and documents”. The way of writing of Ngo Tat To is simple, natural; It uses a lot of specific vivid ironic images, but still maintains its seriousness and aggressive fighting spirit In 1993, the Vietnam Journalists Association and the Institute of Literature organized a scientific seminar on the 100th anniversary of birth of Ngo Tat To with participation of many writers and journalists. The presentations at the conference recognized the stature of Ngo Tat To, a great writerjournalist of the twentieth century Phan Quang, the Chairman of the Vietnam Journalists Association at that time commented: “Talking about the Journalism career of Ngo Tat To, many people think of his feuilleton Those are the outstanding writing which sill left with time”. According to Phan Quang, the writing style of Ngo Tat To is always new in style, about how to enter, lead the event to the way of conclusion of a problem In “Journalistic Feuilleton of Ngo Tat To”, author Truong Chinh confirmed that, Ngo Tat To had always tried to change from the style of the Confucianism who like parallel construction to the new style “short, sharp, fast turn, sentences are often set in the way of violating the rule of prosody. That is the style of the Western press ”. Ngo Tat To did not abuse SinoVietnamese but he used them fluently; used many historical references but in the right place at the right time; he wrote as if speaking, not polished; Criticism, irony are not sudden and intense feelings, but to seriously denounce, expose In the special subject “Ngo Tat To – a great monument, a great career”, Phong Le said, Ngo Tat To was a large and typical monument, who promoted both the need for revolution and innovation, the person who meets both aspects of content and form of literature in the direction of revolution and modernity. Phong Le generalized, the deep knowledge of the national culture and traditional oriental culture are the basic factors that create the particular manner of Ngo Tat To In 1998, in the special subject “Literary and Journalistic Feuilleton of Ngo Tat To”, Ha Minh Duc called the journalistic works of Ngo Tat To to be 12 The French established semifeudal colonialism system in all three regions; Set up many establishment of economic, technical and social as a basis for promoting colonial exploitation after the First World War, and strengthening the ruling apparatus and exploitation Political and social life posed many problems, events associated with the lives of the people, especially the negative ones for poor labors The Indochinese Communist Party was founded, the patriotic movements, the struggle against Colonialism and Imperialism developed more than ever Consequently, the colonial government tried to suppress these movements, including the suppression of progressive press activities 1.3.2.3 Ngo Tat To soon accepted the democratic and progressive thought, and was able to adapt to changing the socialpolitical situation based times. Due to the educational environment, family traditions and access conditions to the progressive books and press, he soon acquired the democratic and progressive thoughts. He has the qualities of a Confucian scholar working as a journalist with a style of realistic approach from different perspectives, from which to interpret and assess the issues from a progressive point of view. Extensive knowledge of understanding everything from the East to the West and from the ancient to the present which is blended smoothly, creating a traditional Oriental style associated with modern Western style Preliminary summary of Chapter 1 In Chapter 1, the thesis has analyzed, clarified some of the following contents: (1) Prose is an artistic prose in general. It consists of many types: mixed literature, essays, novelettes, etc. and subgenres are identified quite abundantly, such as: talking about unimportant matters, general discussion, discussion of socialpolitical situation based times, mixed notetaking, etc. 13 Journalistic prose is a type of press belonging to artistic political commentary, with brief structure, small capacity, freedom and flexible and versatile mechanism. Characteristics of the type of journalistic prose is the direct presence of the author's self; is priority of views, way of feeling, way of looking at event information; is the flexibility and latitudinarian in phraseology, in information organization and coherence of details (2) Style is a unique feature associated with the journalist which may be identified from all their compositions through the elements of content, form, language of the work and Not every journalist has his or her style. (3) A number of factors influencing the formation of Ngo Tat To's style of journalistic proses such as: traditional culture of homeland and family; political and social context in the first half of the 20th century; patriotism, progressive thought, making effort and trying to adapt to the socialpolitical situation based times Chapter JOURNALISTIC PROSE STYLE OF NGO TAT TO THROUGH CONTENT ASPECTS OF THE WORKS 2.1. Themes and events in Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To 2.1.1. Political issues In the early 1930s, Ngo Tat To used his pen to write many issues related to the parliament, such as parliamentary elections, elected the rector of House of Representatives, etc.; struggling with the trickeries of the colonial government and the henchmen with " protectorate" and "direct ruling" issues; spreading superstition; preservation of national quintessence in culture; Europeanisation movement, " joyfulness and youthfulness" etc. In the years from 1936 to 1939, thanks to the influence of the mass movement in the Democratic Front, Ngo Tat To referred directly to the important political events in the country and the world, such as: the Indochinese Congress movements; Democratic Front movements of the newspaperdom for freedom of speech, freedom of meeting; the huge strikes of "Indochinese labor"; 14 demonstrations by farmers in Thanh Hoa; The uprisings damaging the rice warehouses of the landlords by Bac Lieu farmers, etc. 2.1.2. Social issues Almost journalistic proses of Ngo Tat To has themes on social issues. These are issues related to the nature of the intellectuals, the healers, the hack publicists, the henchmen of the colonial regime; About the issues related to social ethics, universal moral laws, family’s rules; about the roles of women in the family, the virtue and behavior standards in the relationship of husband and wife, etc… about backward customs, superstition, expose the abuse of religion and belief for profiteering; Struggle against bad habits in social life 2.1.3. International issues As soon as Ngo Tat To first stepped into the field of journalism and participated in professional journalism activities, his pen always followed closely and promptly reflected the situation of international news, major events in the world such as the situation of China after the war of "opium"; revolutionary situation in Taiwan; the military situation of Japan in 1927; the Siamese situation and the relationship between Siam and China; situations of Islam, Christianity and Judaism in Palestine, the birthplace of Islam and Christianity, etc. 2.2. Sources of news and detailed information 2.2.1. Sources of news The survey "Ngo Tat To’s collection of proses" shows the richness, variety of sources of news in each of his journalistic prose. Ngo Tat To's sources of news have three types: selfexploiting sources of news; using sources of news from colleagues; sources of international news agencies, etc. 2.2.2. Detailed information With abundant sources of news, the importance which makes Ngo Tat To's unique style reflected in his journalistic proses is that he exploits, selects 15 and uses a lot of details. These details can be grouped together into three main groups: Detailed group about characters: The characters in his journalistic proses are often reflected in the negative aspects, so from appearance, countenance to personality which is described in very negative details and in the satirical language. Detailed group about events: The events are the soul expressed in Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To, which are important elements described in detail to attract the interest of the readers. Therefore, any event is reflected by Ngo Tat To with the most vivid and sufficient details, in accordance with the purpose and requirements of the content of the work Detailed group about the fact: The fact directs the readers to be interested in the nature of events and phenomena by description, analysis, and presentation in which there are details which are specific, realistic and authentic. Thus, Ngo Tat To has exploited effectively the very specific details which are illustrative and clarify the nature of the fact and the phenomenon reflected 2.3. Characters in journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To Whole journalistic proses of Ngo Tat To makes a vast and true picture of Vietnamese feudal colonial society before the August Revolution with its vivid and profound caricatures about many characters in the society. These characters can be divided into three main groups: The "Western" colonial mandarins: from the Resident superior, the governor general, the colonial minister, etc. to the Western officials of “customs office”," the lowest ranking soldier, and so on. The characters in the government lackey, the feudal apparatus: those are the "representatives" in the feudal colonial government, "the patriarch", "Vice Chief of the Commune’s feudal government. Mr. Quynh", “stupid uncle Khan", etc. 16 The characters as the popular people in society: Ms. Tay Hoet, the poor and old healer, the "Confucian scholars" in the district palace, the simple and impoverished laborers in the villages or the urban areas, etc. 2.4. Prediction and direction of awareness in journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To 2.4.1. Forecasting on political issues Ngo Tat To has devoted a considerable number of his journalistic proses to condemn, expose peculation, bribery, and harassment of the class of mandarins in the colonial administration before the August Revolution; At the same time, he also proposed some solutions to be implemented with the desire to make the society better 2.4.2. Forecasting on social issues In his journalistic proses, Ngo Tat To made suggestions and forecasts on cultural, educational and medical issues; In which it includes an indepth analysis of the values and traits of the nation's cultural traditions, such as festivals, religious ceremonies, and cultural activities of many regions, and so on. 2.4.3. Warning about the degradation of ethics, lifestyle Beside the great political issues, Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To also go into reflecting the daily life with bad habits, reflecting in time the degradation of ethics and lifestyle in the society, contributing to the vigilance, alertness as well as the awakening of conscience, forcing everyone in society to pay attention to and think of these issues Preliminary summary of Chapter 2 In Chapter 2, the thesis has been analyzed and clarified the following contents: The topics of Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To may focus on three groups: political, social and international ones. In addition, Ngo Tat To has a 17 number of other themes such as the discussion of journalism, literature, ethics and quality of the journalist, etc 2. Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To are built from the sources: (1) News in the country: selfexploited from colleagues; from new or old news sources in which content coherence is major; (2) International sources: Ngo Tat To might access to international sources from telecommunication stations; foreign books and magazines 3. Whole journalistic proses of Ngo Tat To make a vast and true picture on Vietnamese feudal colonial society before August Revolution with vivid and profound caricatures, referring to the many characters in society, the feudal colonialists, the henchmen, the unrighteous moneymakers, etc. 4. Ngo Tat To had highly cognitive predictions: (1) Forecasting political issues, on management regimes such as anticorruption, antipeculation and anti bribery; (2) Predictions on social issues such as social evils, education, health, etc. (3) Warning about the degradation of ethics, lifestyle, and so on. Chapter 3. JOURNALISTIC PROSE STYLE OF NGO TAT TO THROUGH FORMAL ASPECTS AND STRUCTURES OF THE WORKS 3.1. Titles in Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To Most of the titles in journalistic proses of Ngo Tat To are named in a way that encourages the readers to find and understand the nature of the event, the phenomenon he mentions There are strong titles, slapping the opponent's face, such as: A splash of spittle on Mr. Minister’s face; Why I am fed up with my face There are simple titles which only inform a news, an event, express the nature of information, such as: Bac Ninh for help; The demonstration in Thanh Hoa, etc 18 Some of the titles are named in according to the contrast situations of the object with the plights or the insiders, such as: Big brother of Brown Clothing Party will go to hell; The Southerner’s stomach is not as good as the Northerner’s stomach, etc In general, how to name the title of Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To attract the readers, evoke curiousness to find out the story but not bring the sensationalism. Although pointing out the contrasts, they are consistent with the events, the phenomena that the work reflects; are consistent with the nature of the object 3.2. Structural Patterns in Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To The content of a journalistic work usually has three parts: Introduction of the topic, the interpretation and the conclusion. Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To also follows this layout. 3.2.1. Introduction of the topic Ngo Tat To has the flexibility to introduce the topic; sometimes he introduces the topic in an intimate way, by different manner of address; Sometimes, it draws the attention of the readers in very simple verbs. Ngo Tat To uses words of exclamation, satire or the expression of humor to create interest in the readers from the first sentences of the work In some works, Ngo Tat To has an indirect way of introduction getting rich in literary nature which makes the readers feel interesting with idioms, proverbs and folksongs used by Ngo Tat To in the right place and time 3.2.2. Interpretations In this section, Ngo Tat To always has strong arguments, deepens the issue and pushes the issue up, revealing his attitude; By knotting, removing buttons, by setting the situation and resolving the situation in an assertive and flexible way, Ngo Ta To has taken the readers to the most interesting current eventbased issues 19 3.2.3. Conclusion The conclusion of each proses of Ngo Tat To are both profound and directional comments which open to a certain solution. His proses never express a desperate view. Its purpose is not only to attack bad things but also to improve those bad things to contribute to the beauty of society 3.3. Coherence methods in Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To Ngo Tat To has used several methods to perform the coherence of content in his journalistic works 3.3.1. Deduction In order to connect the elements of content and form in his journalistic proses, Ngo Tat To often uses the deduction method. Accordingly, Ngo Tat To makes the most common judgment, and then step by step lead to specific cases to prove common judgment, to improve the logical conviction of the information that he reflected in that work 3.3.2. Induction This is a method that is often used to present specific cases first, then it is to draw a conclusion that is universal. However, through studies it shows that Ngo Tat To rarely use this method 3.3.3. Analogy The analogy method is the method which the author uses to compare two distant events in space and time, but in the same phenomena or nature. This is the method that Ngo Tat To used quite popularly in his journalistic works Preliminary summary of Chapter 3 In Chapter 3, the thesis analyzes and assesses the form and ways of coherence in journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To, thereby clarifying some contents: Titles in journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To are not binding and finical which have strong relationships with the content of the proses. In the art of building the titles, Ngo Tat To has a flexible change of syntax in way of naming 20 the titles which makes titles of journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To not only ensure the requirements for a journalistic work but only ensure freshness and richness of the attraction Structural forms in journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To with the contents: Manner and art of questioning; Interpretation of content; Content conclusion. In particular, in the conclusion, Ngo Tat To often generalizes the issue and give deep comments which creates a deep feeling in the reader's heart. Ngo Tat To uses three coherence methods of the content: Deduction; Induction and Analogy. In particular, He mainly uses the method of deduction and analogy. Chapter 4. NGO TAT TO’S LANGUAGE STYLE OF JOURNALISTIC PROSE 4.1. Using words flexibly 4.1.1. Using SinoVietnamese words As a Confucian scholar, Ngo Tat To promoted the advantages from the Sinology knowledge and Oriental culture to effectively use the layers of Sino Vietnamese words; exploiting the great potential of the SinoVietnamese words, used effectively in his journalistic works 4.1.2. Using the pure Vietnamese words Besides the SinoVietnamese words, Ngo Tat To exploits and uses the layers of pure Vietnamese words effectively. In which, he uses a lot of layers of colloquial but selective words which are suitable for each specific object and are closely associated with certain context. Words of daily speech, dialects are also exploited thoroughly by him; he skillfully combines the rustic, popular language with the sharp sarcasm to create a distinctive satirical tone 4.2. Renewing traditional expressions 4.2.1. Using the anecdotes and classic references According to the survey of " Ngo Tat To’s collection of proses", we find that among 1,114 proses surveyed, there were 213 works using classic 21 references (accounting for 18%). Most of the anecdotes and classic references are used in his journalistic works with specific content situations. Ngo Tat To uses the classic references and anecdotes to illuminate events through the comparison of ancient times and current social life 4.2.2. Using idioms, proverbs Ngo Tat To is also very interested in exploiting and applying traditional expressions of the nation. This is one of the special features in journalistic prose language of Ngo Tat To. These are idioms, proverbs, folk songs, proverbial words, familiar poems and literatures, etc 4.3 Using satirical and epigrammatic language which is rich in fighting spirit 4.3.1. Using the rhetorical question as a satirical weapon Journalistic prose of Ngo Tat To usually has a clear and simple topic. The important thing for him is that the topic must be associated with a satirical contradiction, a humorous situation. The sensitivity to this kind of contradiction is mainly the characteristic of observation and imagination of Ngo Tat To which is always filtered through a special prism, which is a unique vision of the world, which Nguyen Dang Manh called it "satirical view", to help the journalist everywhere see the ridiculous stories 4.3.2. Using comparability, simile, implication Ngo Tat To often utilizes all forms of comparability, simile, implication as artistic methods to reflect things, phenomena. The most common form of comparison used in feuilletons of Ngo Tat To is the use of events and characters in the past to reflect events and characters at present, "taking past things to refer the present ones." 22 Preliminary summary of Chapter 4 In Chapter 4, the thesis has analyzed in depth the following contents: Ngo Tat To has a unique style of language, a unique world of art that is rich in creative spirit, which is both traditional and modern Ngo Tat To's languague of journalistic proses also carry traces of the Confucian language, but it is rich in rural language nuances; use of idioms, dialects, combinations of expressions, sentence structure, and so on. Ngo Tat To's satirical art is very flexible, abundance and sometimes a rhetorical question also expresses satirical attitude Chapter 5. JOURNALISTIC PROSE STYLE OF NGO TAT TO HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF JOURNALISM AND JOURNALISTIC LESSON 5.1. The meaning of style of Ngo Tat To in press activities Firstly, the journalist must be honest with his pen; Press information must be accurate, can not fake or "remake" news Press pen of Ngo Tat To is no compromise, is not tolerated with false stories in life or on the writing page Secondly, talking to the press is to express the issues of guidelines and the purposes. The socialpolitical situation based times always change, but the press has to comply with its guidelines and the purposes in its activities. That is a matter of principle Thirdly, Ngo Tat To always appreciates the sense of respecting the readers. Attitude toward the readers also reflects the nature of the press, without the readers of the press will be difficult to survive, in other words, the number of readers is a measure to assess the viability of the press. A true press that deeply touches on many social issues, accurate news, compelling writing will appeal to many readers 5.2. Some lessons in journalism activities 5.2.1. The journalist must stick to the press's operating guidelines 23 When talking about the guideline, the purpose of activities for each press, Ngo Tat To emphasized: "The press must have the guideline to make the road to go. The press without the purpose of the guideline and purpose is same as a brothel? Only the brothel is seen that it welcomes everyone, from Westerner, Chinese, to Japanese, as long as there is money, and so on" 5.2.2. The journalist should raise high sense of professional activities When opening a column on the newspaper or change the pseudonym, Ngo Tat To "had some words of introduction to the readers". That is just to confirm his name, as well as respect the readers 5.2.3. The journalist must appreciate his readers sincerely Since the beginning of the 1930s, it means when starting a career as a professional journalist, Ngo Tat To was always aware that the journalist must know how to appreciate his readers, that is of course. There are many ways to express that appreciation. The most important thing is that the appreciation must be extreme sincere. It is simple because "If there are no readers, what are newspapers printed to do? Who does it survive with? Readers with newspapers are as well as dragons with clouds, fish with water, which may not be separated Preliminary summary of Chapter 5 In Chapter 5, the thesis focused on analyzing and clarifying the following contents: The meaning drawn from Ngo Tat To's creative labor style in journalism can be generalized in three groups of issues such as: The journalist must be honest with his pen; Talking to the press is talking about the issues of social political situation based times; The journalist must always heighten the sense of respecting the readers Through researching Ngo Tat To’s working style of journalism, it is possible to draw some lessons for journalism activities: (1) The journalist must 24 stick to the press's operating guidelines; (2) The journalist must give prominence to the sense of professional activities; (3) The journalist must know how to respect the readers sincerely 25 CONCLUSION 1. Proses is a kind of journalistic writing that Ngo Tat To used popularly in the press. The universal feature of journalistic proses is the direct presence of the author's self, the priority of the view, the way of feeling, the way of looking at the event information; is the flexibility in the way of writing, in organizing the image and coherence of the details 2. The factors that govern and influence Ngo Tat To’s style of journalistic proses include: (1) The homeland is rich in cultural traditions; Confucian families are poor but studious; (2) The political and social context of the early decades of the twentieth century; (3) With the adaptation to the socialpolitical situation based times, Ngo Tat To promoted the positive elements of Confucianism, absorbed new values in Western journalism skills; The progressive and trendy thought helped Ngo Tat To early find a meeting point between the path of a realistic writer and the revolutionary journey of the nation. 3. Journalistic proses of Ngo Tat To have three main themes: (1) Political issues: mainly written in the early 1930s and during the Democratic Front period (19361939); (2) Social issues: This theme was mentioned by Ngo Tat To in most of his journalistic proses, but focused on the early 1930s and the period from 1940 to 1945; (3) International issues: By various sources of news, Ngo Tat To has had a numerous number of his journalistic proses to write about international news issues. All journalistic proses of Ngo Tat To made a large and true picture of the Vietnamese feudal colonial society before the August Revolution with its vivid and profound caricatures, referring to a numerous number of characters in the society. Ngo Tat To uses a variety of ways of combining content and form in his works, in which it is mainly used in deduction and analogy method 5. Ngo Tat To has a unique style of language, a unique world of art with a rich spirit of creativity. From being a confician scholar, he became a realistic writer, a progressive journalist, who has had deep knowledge of traditional 26 Oriental culture that many people have considered him a cultural celebrity in Hanoi. Ngo Tat To's language style of journalism is both traditional and modern; There is always the "interference" between the literary language and the language of journalism with the combination of expressiveness, the image of literature and the reality of the language of journalism 6. The meaning and the lesson drawn from creative activity style of Ngo Tat To may be generalized in the three groups of issues as follows: (1) The journalist must be honest with his own pen, that is the characteristics, the author's style of expression on each work; (2) Talking to the press is about issues of socialpolitical situation based times, but no matter what the social political situation based times change is, the press must be in its right purpose guidelines, not only making the necessary and suitable changes but also improving the performance efficiency of the press. (3) The sense of respecting the readers must always be appreciated. /. ... Journalism career of Ngo Tat To and dominant factors and influences to Journalistic Prose Style of Ngo Tat To 1.3.1. Overview of Journalism career of Ngo Tat To Ngo Tat To started his Journalism career in 1926 when he and Tan Da ... Materials and Appendix, the thesis consists of five chapters: General reasoning on journalistic prose style; Chapter 2. Journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To through content aspects of the works; Chapter 3. Journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To through formal aspects and structures of the works; Chapter 4. Ngo Tat ... Tat To through formal aspects and structures of the works; Chapter 4. Ngo Tat To s Language style of Journalistic Prose; Chapter 5. Journalistic prose style of Ngo Tat To Historical significance of journalism and journalistic lesson