Bài viết nghiên cứu về vấn đề “gốc Mân” của Lý Công Uẩn; danh hiệu “Hiển Khánh vương” và những gợi ý đến gốc gác, địa bàn hoạt động của Hiến Khánh vương thân sinh của Lý Công Uẩn và đến chính Lý Công Uẩn trước khi vào triều đình Hoa Lư.
VE G6C/!\GU6I\ LY C6I\G rA]\ (QUA DANH HIEU " HIEN KHANH VlfffNG' VA "GOCNGmMAN') NGUYfiN HAI Kt \ VE VAN DE 'GOC MAN" CUA LY CONG UAN Ly Cong U^n goc "ngUdi Man" v i n tiep tuc dUdc cac sd gia Trung Quoc de cap) (3) Trong cuo'n Ly ThUdng Kiet Lich sit ngogi giao vd tong gido trieu Ly cong bo nam 1949, Phan thii nha't, chUdng VII, Hoang Xuan Han sau trich dan biic thu cua Tif Ba TUdng gdi cho vua Ly vao nam 1076 c6 cau: "Tien the (Ddi trUdc cua) dgi vUUng uo'n ngUdi ddt Mdn, toi nghe ndi cong khanh d Giao Chi cung nhieu ngUdi dd't Mdn" (1), da c6 mot chu thich ma tru6c but "Cho nen Ly Cong Udn rdt cd the Id chdu mgt ngUdi Mdn" Hoang Xuan Han da neu cac tien de: Trong do, co mot thUc te la: Cac Bg bien nien sU thdi phong kie'n cua Viet Nam quen thuoc nhu Viet sit lugc cua tac gia chua r5 ten cuoi the ky XIV, Bgi Viet sit ky todn thu cua Ngo Sy Lien va sd than trieu Le (tii the ky XV) den Viet sd thong gidm cUang muc cua Quo'c sd quan trieu Nguyen cuoi the ky XIX deu khong de cap de'n thong tin thi v6i chii thich nhU Id lan ddu tien ngUdi Viet Nam de cip den thong tin: Ly Cong Uan nguon gS'c Man! Vd chdng nUdc ta bac-thugc nghin ndm, ngUdi Trung Qud'c hoac sang budn bdn hoac sang lam viec quan, roi sinh cdi d ddt ta rdt nhieu Mgt dieu chdc chdn Id ddi Tdng, ngUdi Tdng diu nhdn Ly gdc Mdn, khong nhdng Tii Bd Tudng ndi the md thoi, md sach Mong khe but ddm cung noi the (2) (Nhan day, cung phai viet them: Khong chi CO Tii Ba Tudng viet nam 1076 va dUdc Tuc tu tri thong gidm cua Ly Dao dSn vao cuoi the ky XII, hay Tham Quat viet Mong Khe but ddm the ky XI, ma nhQng nam 80 cua the ky XX, roi dau the ky XXI, van de Trong gicli han chu de Hoi thao "Nhijtng phat hien khao co hoc d Dong Anh va van de que hUdng Nha Ly", de "Gop phan nhan dien lai que hUdng nha Ly" co 'T)oi dieu ve nguon goc cua Ly Thai To", GS Nguyen Quang Ngoc, Th.s Nguyen Ngoc Phuc cung da nhSc lai va cu the them nhiing thong tin tif biic thU cua Td Ba TUdng, va cua Tham Quat Tinh hinh tUdng chifng van de go^c nguon Ly Cong Uan chi tap trung quanh van de que noi, ngoai cua NgUdi, va dUdc ban bac nhieu hdn vong thap nien (2000-2010) chuan bi tien t6i Dai le ky niem 1000 nam Thang Long-Ha Noi ThUc khong phai chi co the! PCS TSKH TrUdng Dai hoc KHXH&NV - DHQGHN Rghien ciru Lich sijr, sd 12.2009 The ky XIV, Le Tdc sau sang Trung Hoa, bien soan An Nam chi lugc muc Gia the hg Ly (quyen 12) viet "Ly Cong Uan, ngUdi Giao Chau (co ke bao la ngUdi Phuc Kie'n, Khong dung !) (4) Theo do, it nha't de'n the ky XIV: - O Trung Hoa luc c6 du luan rang Ly Cong Uan la ngifdi Phuc Kie'n; - Le Tac da cho la "khong dung"! nhung khong tha'y dUa chiing c6 phu dinh Sau chu thfch cua Hoang Xuan Han, Tran Quoc Vudng cung hdn mot lan nhac lai van de nay: + 10 nam sau c6 cuo'n Ly ThUdng Kiet, nam 1959, dich va chii thfch Viet sd luge, Tran Qudc Vudng chu thfch tUdng tu Hoang Xuan Han, co them "gio'ng nhu tien to Ho Quy Ly, tUdng Tran Lam (1 12 sii quan) deu la goc Bac chay sang dat Viet tranh loan ddi Ngii dai" (5) + Thang nam 1995 chuan bi hoi thao "Thdi Trdn vd HUng Dao dgi vUOng Trdn Quo'c Tuan tren que hUOng Nam Hd", GS Tran Quo'c Vudng lai mot Ian: "ci cuon Ly ThUdng Kiet cua GS Hoang Xuan Han, CO cong bdbiic thu cua Tie'n si Td Ba Tudng (Trung Qudc - Tdng) cung noi vua Ly ngUdi dat Man va trieu dinh Ly CO nhieu ngUdi gdc Man" Nhan ban ve viec ho Tran nhan gdc Man, GS Tran Quo'c VUdng viet: "Trong sach Viet Giang (tUc Tay giang TQV) luu VUc nhdn ddn sit cua GS Tii Tung Thae (nay d dai hoc Princeton My) GS Tit khao sat ve cac dong hg d luu khu VUc song co nhan xet rang, ra't nhieu ddng ho gdc thd dan (indigenom) nhung khuynh hudng tam ly "Nam nhan, Bac hudng" ho cii khai gia pha gdc Hoa gdc Bac nha Trung Qudc hoc ngucfi Phap Marcel Gernet Le Monde Chinois (The gidi Trung Hoa) M Gernet dua go'c gac cua nha Dudng Trung Hoa (VII-X) la Semi Turc (nda Tuyec) ma dong ho Doc co (doc la Turco) la mot vi du Song len ngoi, Ly Uyen roi Ly The Dan (Dudng Thai Tong) da sai cac su no viet lai ly lich nha minh la go'c tif Ly Dam, Ly Nhi, - tiic Lao Td, nha Triet hoc vi dai cua thdi thudng cd Trung Hoa!" (6) Trd lai chu thfch cua Hoang Xuan Han, vdi thong tin dUa nhu Tif Ba Tudng viet "Nay nghe noi nhieu cong khanh quy nhan a Giao Chi cung nhieu ngUdi Man"; hoac nhu Hiia Thien ThSng tif nam Dai Diic thii 11 (1307) luc viet Tua cuo'n An Nam chi luge: "Cac danh tudng, ThU su, Do doc ngUdi Trung Qudc tdi lam quan d xii Nam Giao, trudc sau tdi vai tram ngUdi ma hang trii danh hdn he't la cac ong Ma Vien, Sy Nhie'p, Dao Khan, Chd Toai Ludng du niia, ve hang ngUdi bi luu trich ciing phan nhieu la bac danh si c) Trung trieu, (7) dii kho khan, v i n co the kiem dinh, dUdc chi cu the, chang han Chi mdi tho'ng ke tif An Nam chi luge, thi danh muc da co de'n 158 vien Do hg, Thii sd Thai thii Do doc va it nhat 34 "NhUng ngUdi toi cdc ddi sang ky ngul O Giao Chau thdi Bac Thuoc cung CO hang chuc nhan vat ciing mang ho Ly (8) Nhung tii cac nguon tai lieu hien co nay, sd lUdng dii co Idn, cu the de'n bao nhieu, tiec thay ciing chi mdi la cho phep gdi y gian tie'p, chii khong true tie'p chiing minh "nguon go'c Man" Ly Cong Uan IL VE DANH HIEU "HIEN KHANH VU'ONG" Viet sd luge - bo bien nien dau tien de cap ve Ly Cong Uan va trieu Ly lai de'n nay, ghi: Ve goc/ngugn Ly C6ng Uan "Huy la Uan, ho Nguyin (Ly) ngUdi Co Phap, Bac Giang Me la Pham Thi, Vua b6 da thong minh, rong rai, du hoc ci chua Luc To" R5 rang nguon goc Ly Cong U^n bo svi hoan toan khong co mgt chut gi la hoang dUdng! Nam 2004, viet ve Ly Thai To, Le Van Lan ghi chii: "trong nhieu van canh, y nghia bieu trUng cua danh hieu "Hien Khanh" chinh la de danh cho nhUng ngUdi va trudng hdp dUdc ton vinh nhUng than nhan khong ro rang, hoac khong co thUc" (10) CQng nam nay, trci lai va'n de nhd Trdn vd ngUdi thdi Trdn, Tran Quo'c VUdng dat cau hoi: "Hien Khanh, thuy to (nha Tran) go'c d Hien Khanh" Vay Hien Ciing chinh Viet sit lUOc chep: mua Dong Khanh la dau? Cac cu chac quen Hien thang 11, vua len ngoi, dai xa thien ha, do't Khanh la mot tudc hieu truy phong cho he't hinh cu, va sau c6 Ton hieu thi cac cha len la'm vua nhu Ly Cong Uan Thai viec do, thU tU la: To truy phong cho cha lam Hien Khanh + Truy ton cha la Hien Khanh vUdng, vUdng" Tran Thai Tong cha mat (nam 1234) la'y anh rugt la Thai uy Tran Lieu me la Minh Diic Thai hau, lam phu chinh, sach phong lam Hien + Cac trai, gai Hoang Tuy viet "Hien Khdnh chUa chdc Id mgt dia danh"\ NhUng, chinh Tran Quoc + Anh ruot vua la Mo lam Uy Vii vUdng, Vudng ciing da vie't them: "cac cu tra cuon em la Due Thanh vUdng Cdc tong xd danh bi lam d ddu the ky XIX Day la mot doan s\i, ham chiia CO nhac t6i mot dia danh Hien Khanh la xa nhieu thong tin hien minh va an tang Hien Khanh thuoc tong Hien Khanh huyen quan trong! Vu Ban tinh Nam Dinh, chi each TUc Mac Hoang Xuan Han hoan toan diing vai kyl6m6t va ciing nam tren mot trien viet: "Xem vay Cong Uan biet cha la va song v6i TUc Mac Danh Muc cdc ldng xa CO du ho hang" Chi de'n/tii bo Dgi Viet sd Bdc Ky cua Ngo Vi Lien ciing c6 ten xa ky todn thu cua Ngo Sy Lien va sU than Hien Khanh, Vu Ban, Nam Dinh" (11) trieu Le-Bo sU ma T r i n Quo'c Vudng cho Khao sat them mot chiit niia, tha'y Hien rang "ddc" (lecture) sach khong phai Khanh khong chi la mot tUdc hieu ma de, ddi hoi mot each doc co suy xet theo la mot dia danh c6 that! kieu tu hien dai Vi sach chiia + Theo Idi chua cua Viet sd thong gidm khong it each nhin (quan diem) meo mo cua nha nho thdi Le mdi co them doan: "me ho cUc/ng muc: Huyen L/ng Phong thuoc tinh Pham di chdi chiia Tieu Sdn ciing v6i than Nam Dinh Xua la huyen Hien PQianh, Nha nhan giao hdp roi co chiia sinh vua " Ly doi lam iTng Phong, Nha Trin doi lam (ma sau bo Viet sit thong gidm cUOng Kie'n Hung thuoc Minh doi lam phu Kie'n Binh nha Le goi la phu Nghia Hung muc ciing ghi theo nhU vay ) (9) (12) Do chfnh la dieu ma theo Hoang Xuan + Dgi Nam nhdt tho'ng chi viet: "Phu Han, chi'nh bo Todn thU da lam cho Ly Nghia Hung, nguyen trudc la huyen Hien Cong Uan trd "cdn v6 thifa nhan" , Chi CO tinh than chuan bi cho Ly Cong Uan len ngoi mdi co su tuyen truyen vdi sa'm ky cua Phat, Dao cua thdi ky a'y! Rghien ciJru Ljch siSr, s6' 12.2009 Khanh (nay huyen Thien Ban Hien Khanh) ddi Ly doi lam Phong" va "Mieu thd Ly Nhan Hien Khanh huyen Thien Ban" cdn co tong huyen Ung Tong tai xa (13) Trong d a n h m u c c a c di t i c h lien q u a n d e n thcfi T r a n c u a N a m D i n h (14) phan huyen Vu Ban co ghi Dien An Phong - thuoc thon Dao, va Dien thon Hanh Lam thuoc xa Hien Khanh Noi each khac, tat ca cac chi d i n tren cho tha'y de'n hien nay, Hien Khanh v i n la mot dia danh co that d viing Nam song Hong, nam d vung giiia hai song Day va song Hong thuoc huyen Vu Ban tinh Nam Dinh Dieu lUu y la: Tho'ng ke qua Viet si? lUUc (co khai thae va bd sung thong tin tii Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu - in nghieng bang tho'ng ke - xem bang 1) qua ddi vua dau trieu Ly, trii cac lan vua phai "than cim quan" chinh phat, cac l i n khdi Kinh Thang Long nhu di kinh ly, du ngoan, tham thii, cac dia phUdng, cho tha'y: + Tii vua Ly Cong Uan, Ly Phat Ma de'n het vua Ly Can Diic, co it nha't 29 dia diem: + Trong 29 dia diem do, cac Hanh cung chiem nhieu nha't (10/29) + Trong ddi lam vua, Ly Can Diic (Ly Nhan Tong) - chat cua Ly Cong Uan de'n 19 lin ngii gia cac hanh cung thi 11 lan ve Hanh cung L/ng Phong - Hien Khanh! (Xem bang 1) (15) Xin luu y may dieu: Ban than diic L^ Cong Ua'n - Le Long Viet bi Le Long Dinh giet (nam 1006) q u i n than deu trd'n chay, v i n mot minh dam 6m thay Long Viet ma khoe! khien chinh Long Dinh khen la trung, roi ca't lam Than ve Dien Tien chi huy sii suo't thdi Long Dinh - nhU chiic vu cua chinh than sinh Long Dinh - Le Hoan trUdc The nhUng, ca ong vua "to'i tam ngoan nganh" - Ngoa Trieu da chet, cac Long Dinh thi cdn nho, ciing la liic het Thien sU Van Hanh - nhan danh sam truyen - du luan, phan tich "Nha Le tat phai mat, ma nha Nguyen (Ly) ta't phai len Ho Nguyln nhan tit khoan dung nhu ong, lai dUdc long dan ", roi de'n Dao Cam Moc Cling noi: "bach than khong ndi dUa, dan nhao nhao, muo'n tim ngUdi chiia" Ly Cong Uan van "sd nhiing Idi iy bi tiet 16" nen vdi Van Hanh thi bao "den an nau Ba Sdn", vdi Cam Moc thi "sd rang noi 16 thi bi giet ca" v a i thang sau len ngoi, ciing vdi cai nguyen nien hieu Thuan Thien nam d i u , roi chuyen d6 Thang Long, Ly Cong U i n cung cho thay ten mgt loat cac dia phudng: Hoa Lu TrUdng Yen, Bac Giang Thien Diic giang, C6' Phap phii Thien Diic roi nam 1014 ddi L/ng Thien Nam Kinh (Huyen Hien Khanh ciing doi ten vao thdi ky chang?) Viec phong vUdng den thdi Ly Cong Uan, chUa c6 nhieu nhung da co cac loai sau: + Nha To'ng phong theo dia danh nhU "An Nam quan vUdng" (Dinh Bo Linh) "Nam Viet vUdng" (Dinh Lien) + Vua Le Hoan phong "vUdng" cho cac con, em vita dat theo chiic nang d6'i vdi trieu dinh Hoa Lu, viia theo dia danh ma VUdng dd cai quan, nhU: + Long Dinh coi vung Phong Chau (Phin Sdn Tay - Ha Noi va Phii Tho) la Khai Minh vUdng Ve g6"c/ngu6n Ly Cong Qan Bang 1: Thong ke cac lan vi vua dau trieu Ly xa gia tdi cac dia diem ngoai Kinh t h a n h Thang Long Stt Cac dja d i e m n g o a i Kinti t h a n h Thang Long Co P h a p Cosa 7-1 8-2 9-3 (Dan PhUdng-Ha Noi) Lo [Dieu 16] (co le la viing H u n g Yen c h a n g ) Do Dong giang [Tin hU0ng](Thanh Oai) Chau Lang Chua Triing Tien niii Tien Du B o n do'i v u a d a u t r i e u Ly Ly C o n g U a n (Thai To: 10091028) 1010: ban tien lua cho ddn ldng 1016: ban danh hieu cho Thdn 11 12-4 13 14 15 16 17-5 18 19 1036: xay dung 20-6 Ciia bien Gia [Kha] Lam (co 16 la viing Q u a n g Ninh ?) Chiia CO T i n g Sdn chau VQ Ninh Hanh dinh Co Lam (Co P h a p ) Ciia bien Dai Bang (viing Hai Phong) Cua bien Ba Lo (viing Do Sdn - Hai Phong) Dam Phil Long (?) Tan Vien (Nui Ba Vi-Ha Noi) H a n h c u n g Ciiu Lan [Canh Hung] C) 21-7 Hanh cung Thuy(? ) Khai Ly Can DOfc ( N h a n Tong: 1072-1127 ) 1032; cay tich dien 1032 : bdt voi 1034: r a c h d i 1041: Xem lam vien Tu thi thien phiic 1035 Tluot yen qudn thSn Hanh cung Ai Chau H a n h c u n g Hoan Chau Bo Uki K h a u (Thai Song Nam B m h Lang chau (viing dat Bac Giang-nam Lang Sdn) Ciia bien Giao Hai (Giap Ninh B i n h T h a n h Hoa) H a n h c u n g Giao Dam (Ho Tay) Ly N h a t Ton (Thanh Tong: 1054- 1072) 1030: xem gat Ilia Birih) 10 Ly P h a t Ma (Thai Tong: 1028-1054 1038: dien cay tich 1042: dien cay tich 1064 Xay hanh cung 1065: cay tich dien 1043 1058 n h a n cho ngu, xay t h a p 1059: Ban ten Tudng Long 1059 di san, den nha Than Canh Nguyen 1106: 1092 bat voi 1060 ra, doi ten t h a n h Thien Phil • 1060: xay de xem danh ca 1072 : 1096: xem danh ca, CO Le Van Thinh 1065: xem danh ca 1072: di le 1065: 1067 : xem gat 1092: xay hanh cung 1117: xem gat Rghien euu Lich sic, s6' 12.2009 22-8 H a n h c u n g Ly N h a n [Phu N h a n ) (Ly N h a n - Ha N a m ) CCla bien Long T h u y 23 24 Ciing Giang 25 Lara Sdn 27-9 Hang Phong 28-10 Hanh cung Sdn 29 Long Thiiy cung Ung ChUdng + Long Can coi vung Phii Lan (Van Lam - My Hao - Hung Yen) la NgU Bac vUdng + Long Tiing coi viing Ngii Huy$n giang (Thanh Hoa) lam Dinh phien vUdng + Long Mang coi giii Vti Long (Thanh Hoa) la Nam quo'c vUdng + NgUdi nuoi giii viing Phii Dai (Td Ky - Hai Dudng, Vinh Bao - Hai Phong) la Phii Dai VUdng + Long De coi giii vung Cat Lam ci bd song phia Bac (Que' DUdng, Tif Sdn - Bac Ninh) la Hanh quan vUdng Ly Can Diic (1072-1127) cua Y Lan phu nhan - que ngoai Bac song Hdng, Cling da tiing ngU den Lam Sdn (nam 1087), cho xay thap Lam Sdn nam 1088), rdi ngii len Lang Chau xem bat voi nam 1091) rdi ban ten chua, than de bien bang chii trien cho chua Lam Sdn (nam 1094) 1067 : xem gat, dua t h u y e n 1077: xem gat 1080: xem gat 1101: lan: t h a n g t h a n g xem d a n h ca vk 1077 1080: xem d a n h ca 1101: lan: t h a n g va t h a n g xem d a n h ca 1087: Dai yen q u a n t h i n t r e n niii, l a m thd 1094; chiia lam xong, vua b a n ten, de bien 1101: xem cay ruong 1102: xem cay ruong 1117: lan; Thang xem dan cay rupng cong, thang xem cay ru^ng Tii day xem cdy xem gat id viec thUcfng hdng ndm (Cudng IVIvic) 1123; xem gat liia, b i c c i u q u a song Ba Lat, 1124; xem cay rupng tU t h a n g gieng den t h a n g hai ve c u n g 1125; Ian; t h a n g sau xem cay, t h a n g 10 xem gat 1007: 1008: (xay t h a p ) 1117; k h a n h t h a n h Bao t h a p Van phong 1123; b a t voi nhung trUdc hang chuc nSm, theo Viet sd lUcfc, sau chien t h i n g quan T6'ng, nam 1077, d i p de cl s6ng NhU Nguyet, thi chuyen ngU d i u tien cua Ly c a n Diic la di ve phia Nam: qua he't Phii Nhan - Ly Nhan, rdi ciia bien Long Thuy nam 1077 s6ng Ciing Giang (nam 1080) Va, chUa vi vua nao d i u thdi Ly dac biet quan tam de'n vung phia Nam song Hdng, dac biet la viing Hien Khanh tfng Phong nhu Ly Can Diic! Nhu vay, ngoai vi the dac biet quan cua viing da't v6i quoc gia Dai Viet, v6i Kinh sU Thang Long, thi giiia thong tin: + Ly C6ng U i n phong danh hieu cho cha la Hien Khanh Vudng + Vung d i t Hien Khanh dcfi Ly nam glQa hai s6ng Hdng, song Day - ciia Vu Ban thuoc Nam Dinh, tren true dUdng giao vi g g c / n g u d n Ly Cdng U a n t h o n g / t h U d n g q u a n t r o n g g i i i a H o a L u v6i n g U d i d i i n g h a n h c u n g U n g P h o n g t r e n da't T r u n g c h a u B i c B6 H i e n K h a n h , rdi ve d6 r a t n h i e u l i n ! Can Ta't c a n h i i n g d i e u d o co l i e n q u a n gi, gdi Diic - n g u d i v i i a t d c h t i c t h i n g Idi o a n h l i e t y gi de'n go'c g a c , d i a b a n h o a t d o n g c u a + De'n c h a t n o i L y C n g U a n , L y lUdc T o n g , H i e n K h a n h v U d n g t h a n s i n h ciia Diic L y ngUdi d a n h & n t h u (vdi t h o n g t i n n e u t r e n ) C o n g U a n v a de'n c h f n h L y C o n g U a n trUdc cuoc k h a n g chien chong xam cua Tii B a TUdng n a m CHU la 1076, lai chfnh vao trieu dinh Hoa Lu chang? THICH (1) Ve noi dung biic t h u va nguyen van cau (8) Khong chi thdi Bac Thuoc, sau the ky IX, X tren, t h a m khao bcii ciia Th.s Nguyen Ngoc Phiic: ve sau tile la Viet Nam thdi tu chu, dong ngiidi Ngtiien ciiu di tich vd truyen Hoa sang buon ban, sinh song d Viet Nam vSn tiep Dinh Bdng tBac Ninh), ttiuyet ve nha, Ly d Hoi Sii hoc Wk Noi Vi que hiiOng nhd Ly Ky ye'u toa dcim khoa hoc NhQng phdt hien khdo co hoc a Dong Anh (Hd Noi) vd vdn de que hiiang nhd Ly Nxb The gidi, H& tuc Theo Dai Viet sd ky todn thii: trieu dinh Le Hoan co lam den Thai sU Hong Hien (?- 988) la ngUdi Trung Hoa "thong hieu kinh sii, thUdng theo cac cuoc chinh phat lam quan sU cCing la khuyen vua len ngoi, mUu ban viec n\idc c6 cong Idn, vua tin Noi, 2009, tr 248-268 diing nhu tam phiic "khong chi ISn vao cac nam (2) Xem: Hoang Xuan Han Ly ThUdng Kiet, Giap Tua't (1274) nUdc Tong cl m6 Giang Nam ngUdi Lick sii ngoai giao vd tong gido triiu Ly Nxb Song Nguyen thUdng hay la'n danh, De'n day ho dem 30 Nhi, H^ Noi, 1949, tr 182 chien thuyen viidt bien chd ddy ciia cai vk vd (3) Chang han: xem 'L^ Thien Tich An Nam Ly trieu th§' gia t a n khao Hoa kieu Hoa nhan tick VUdt bien de'n La Cat Nguyen, de'n thang 12 dan ve kinh, an tn' d phudng Nhai Tuan, "Bdn ky, q 5, t 33b "rieng quan ciia Chieu Van VUdng Trdn Nhat DuSt SI? khdo ciiu N°l M a r 2002, tr 56-61 CO ca ngUdi To'ng, mac ao To'ng TrUdc nha Tong (4) Xem Le Tfic An Nam chi iMc Ban dich mdt, nhieu ngUdi Tong theo ta, NTiat DuSt thi nap cua LJy ban phien dich sii lieu Viet Nam - Vien ho, CO Trieu Tung lam gia tudng, Bdn ky, quyen t Dai hoc Hue GS T r a n Kinh Hoa lam co vS'n In 48 b An Nam chi liigc ciia Le Tdc ch6p: Nam Dien nam 1960 Ban in lai ciia Nxb ThuSn Hoa - Trung Huu thCr (1320) nha Dai Nguyen dan bdn ciing d tam Van hoa ngon ngii Dong Tay, 2002 tr 235, Hai Nam bdt gai dan chiing dem vao An Nam chQ Han, tr 476 (9) Xem Viet sd thong gidm cUcmg muc, (5) Xem Viet sd iMc, Trdn Quoc VUdng dich va chu giai Ban in ciia Nxb Thuftn Hoa, 2005, tr 118 Chinh bien 2, td 7, Ban dich Nxb Van Sii dia, Ha Noi, 1957, tr 39 (10) Le Van Lan Chii thich so bai Ly Thdi (6) Trdn Quoc Vudng Dot dieu ve nhd Ditc thdnh Trdn coi rl lich sii vd sii phdt Trdn,trien bdi cdnh vdn hod Dai Viet the ky XHI- XIV Td (974-1028) Danh nhdn Hd Ngi Ha Noi, 2004, tr 56 (11) Trdn Quoc Vudng Doi dieu ve nhd In Nhd Trdn vd ngiidi thdi Trdn Ha Noi, Diic Thdnh 2004 , tr 46 thdi Trdn, sdd, tr 49 (7) Xem An Nam chi liigc, sdd, tr 41 Trdn, Nhd Trdn- Trdn vd ngadi (Xem tiep trang 30) Rghien ciru Lich sic, so 12.2009 30 (30) Dagh-register Batavia by the Dutch 1661, pp, 49-55, (31), VOC 1236, Hendrick Baron n a a r Batavia, 12 Nov, 1661, fos 829-855; Dagh-register 1661, p, 89; Generale Missiven (32), Luc Dtic T h u a n , Coins and Vietnam the and "Japan in www.VietAntique.com: the Eariy Trade Trade between l?'*" Century", Whitmore, "Vietnam and the Monetary Flow", pp 363-396 Ve hoat dong xuat k h a u Toraisen va Shichusen de'n Dang Trong, xin xem: A, van Aelst, " J a p a n e s e coins in southern Vietnam and the Dutch 1633-1638", Newsletter Society, Company, (The Oriental Numismatic 109, Nov,-Dec, Nguyen Cochinchina, East India 1987), (n,p); Li Tana, de Tuinquin (Lyon: J e a n Baptiste Devenet, 1651), pp 59-60, (34), R, L, Innes, The Door Ajar: Trade in the Seventeenth Japan's Century (Ph,D, Diss,, University of Michigan, 1980), p, 587; Luc Dtic Thuan, "Japan Early Trade Coins"; RNTJIO Sliimada, The Intra-Asian Trade in Japanese India Copper Company during the (Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2005), p 95, Cochinchina, (36) Generale Missiven The Survival of Empire, pp 90-93 II, pp 651-652; Souza, pp 115-120 (37) VOC 1206, Tonkin comptoir n a a r Batavia, 18 Nov 1654, fos 65-90; Buch, "La Compagnie" (1937.), p 139 (38) Cac ti le p h d n t r a m tren day dUdc tinh toan tii so lieu Bang (39), VOC 1314, Albert Bre^incq en Tonkin comptoir n a a r Batavia, 19 Nov 1675, fos 19-22; Generate Missiven pp 90-90 (33) Rhodes, Histoire du royaume Foreign East Century (35), Li Tana, Nguyen III, pp, 450-451, Commercial Japan Batavia Eighteenth IV, p 88, (40), Generale Missiven IV, 88, pp I l l , 174 (41), D i n theo Shimada, The Intra-Asian in Japanese Trade Copper, p, 95, (42), CUctng muc II, tr, 296; Todn thU III, tr 260, 262, 264 (**) L u a n van dUdc thiic hien dudi sii tai trd ctia Dai hoc Leiden va Sumitomo Foundation VE GOCT^GUOIV LY C i \ G UA^ (Tie'p theo trang 9) (12) Cuvng mv.c (Cb), 4, B.iti dich, tr 328 Noi, khoa 1996-2000 ciing cho biet tai Hien Khanh tim tha'y nhidu di vat thdi Ly-Tran (13) Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi, Ban Jich, Nxb T h u a n Hoa in lai, 1992, tr 328, 353 (14) Xem Hung Dinh Nxb Chinh tri Tran "Hanh cung IJng P h o n g n a m d giiia k h u vtic Minh Hd Sd Van hoa Thong tin T h u a n va Hien K h a n h " ndi tii thdi Le ve trildc co Nam Ha, 1995 TS Nguyen Van Nam - Giam doc xa H a n h Cung, de'n n a m 1820 doi la H a n h NTian sd Van hoa-The thao-Du lich Nam Dinh, roi BCii Rieng thon xa H a n h Cung xUa c6 de'n 39 di tich tren que huang Nam Dao dgi Vuang (15) Theo Dia chi Nam Quoc gia Ha Noi, 2003, tr 219-221 thi vung Duy H u n g Minh Thuan vd nhd tU truyen thdng de'n (chua ke n h a Thd Thien chiia giao) noi hien dgi Khoa luan to't nghiep Klioa Lich sU - bat la cac thon Phii Lao, Bich, HU(3ng Nghia deu TrUdng Dai hoc KHXH&NV - D,ai hoc Quo'c Gia Ha thd H a u Tac ... bat voi 1060 ra, doi ten t h a n h Thien Phil • 1060: xay de xem danh ca 1072 : 1096: xem danh ca, CO Le Van Thinh 1065: xem danh ca 1072: di le 1065: 1067 : xem gat 1092: xay hanh cung 1117:... trich ciing phan nhieu la bac danh si c) Trung trieu, (7) dii kho khan, v i n co the kiem dinh, dUdc chi cu the, chang han Chi mdi tho'ng ke tif An Nam chi luge, thi danh muc da co de'n 158 vien... Ly Thai To, Le Van Lan ghi chii: "trong nhieu van canh, y nghia bieu trUng cua danh hieu "Hien Khanh" chinh la de danh cho nhUng ngUdi va trudng hdp dUdc ton vinh nhUng than nhan khong ro rang,