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Doctoral thesis summary: The need for professional success of young officers of the Vietnam People''s Army

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The thesis aims at basing on theoretical and practical research on the career success needs of young officers of the Vietnam People''s Army, proposing psychosocial measures to contribute to improving demand. career success for them.

1 INTRODUCTION 1. Overall introduction on the thesis Needs for occupational achievement mean an issue interested  for   researches   by   both   local   and   foreign   psychologists  “Young   officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s   Army”  is the doctorial psychological thesis firstly and independently  studied   in   Vietnam   Originating   from   requirements   in   the   reality   of  military activities related to positivity of young officers’ ones; upon the  summary of study works by local and foreign psychologists on needs for  occupational   achievement;   in   combination   with   exchanges   and  agreements with instructors & opinions by experts, the author selects  and upholds  relevancies  to  the study  tendency  of  the  thesis,  thence,  builds up plans, deploys researches, and better the thesis. The outcomes  of   the   study   point   out   the   definition   of   young   officers’   needs   for  occupational   achievement   in   Vietnam   People’s   Army   as   well   as  determining young officers’ need structures for achievement, evaluating  the actual state and proposing some socio­psychological measures to  develop   young   officers’   needs   for   occupational   achievement   The  outcomes bring about great meanings to the author himself and actively  contribute to the development of young officers’ needs for occupational  achievement in Vietnam People’s Army.  Reasons to choose the topic In the current stage, the state of ready to fight and win over  the   war   with   hi­tech   weapons   uses   requires   military   officers   in  general and young ones in particular to constantly make efforts for  development and better their virtues & military capacity to assure for  the fulfillment of assigned tasks. One important factor to help military  officers   to   brilliantly   fulfill   their   tasks   in   difficulties   and   hardship  means   the   need   for   achievement,   the   origin   to   promote   positivity,  regulating directions for development, activity features, and adjusting  humans’ behavior.  The   force   of   young   officer   is   the   key   one   to   assure   for  continuous & firm transition from one generation of officers to another,  meeting   the   requirement   for   building   up   the   army   At   present,  nevertheless, there remain quite a few young officers who are not aware  of   military   occupation   or     not   have   desires   to   move   forward   for  achievement in the army. For instance, they have not been properly or  deeply aware of objectives of needs for military achievement as they  mistake them as reaching high positions in the army or getting promoted  to right ranks or earlier, etc., while being little interested in accumulating  knowledge and experience; this misleads to improper attitude towards  the occupation such as: not having strived to learn or practised their  levels   or   perfected   their   occupational   skill;   lacked   patience   when  conducting   their   tasks,   etc.,   thus,   they   have   not   performed   their  obligations and tasks effectively yet. Therefore, in order to build up the  force of young officers with sufficient virtues and capacity to meet the  requirements for tasks in the new age so that they will care about needs  for occupational achievement On  the  other   hand,   the  study  on  various   people’s   needs   for  occupational   achievement   has   been   made   abroad   and   in   vietnam.  However, research works have just been conducted with people in the  civil field only. There are not any researches on officers or soldiers’  needs for their achievement in the armed force in general and in the  army in particular and especially, there are not any works that deeply go  to learn about young officers’ needs for it in Vietnam People’s Army Based   on   the   above­mentioned   reasonings   and   reality,   the  author   chooses   the   research   thesis:   “Young   officers’   needs   for   occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army” 3. Objectives and tasks for researches * Objectives for researches Based on the reasonings and reality of young officers’ needs  for   occupational   achievement   in   Vietnam   People’s   Army,   socio­ psychological measures will be proposed to help enhance their needs  for occupational achievement.  * Tasks for researches   Reasonings   on   young  officers’   needs   for   occupational  achievement will be built up. The actual state of young officers’ needs  for   occupational   achievement   and   influencers   on   them   shall   be  surveyed and evaluated. Tests on those influencers will be made.  4. Subjects, objects, scopes of the research, and scientific  hyppothesis * Subjects for the research Signals, levels, and influencers on young officers’ needs for  occupational achievement * Objects for the research Officers,   young   soldiers,   and   non­commissioned   officers  in Vietnam People’s Army * Scopes of the research Scopes   of   contents:  Based   on   the   reasonings   of   activity  psychology in needs for occupational achievement, the thesis focuses on  researching the actual state of young officers’ needs for occupational  achievement Scopes of objects: The thesis to research and survey officers,  young soldiers, and non­commissioned officers in such units as:  fBB302 – Military zone 7, brigade 139 – Arm of Information and  Communications, brigade 170/ Zone 1­ Navy Service Timeline:  The   thesis   was   commenced   for   researches   in  November 2013 and last until November 2016 * Scientific hyppothesis Young   officers’   needs   for   occupational   achievement   in  Vietnam People’s Arm highly develop, which shows consistency and  close control in their three aspects: awareness, attitude, and behavior  toward needs for occupational achievement. However, the awareness  aspect is not as high as that of attitude and behavior. If it is possible to  apply   the   advanced   socio­psychological   measure   to   enhance   the  awareness of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement, the  need level shall be able to develop.  5. Research methodology * Methodology  The thesis is built upon Mark – Leninism & Ho Chi Minh  ideology   and   methodology,   and   such   psychological   principles   as:  those on dialectical materialism and development of psychological  phenomenon;   consistency   among   psychology,   awareness,   and  activities; and approach methods: activities – values – personality * Specific research methods Research   methods   in   psychology   in   general   and   military  psychology   in   particular   are   applied   in   the   thesis,   including:  The  group of related documents and papers research methods; the group  of practical research methods; the one of figure analyzing methods by  applying mathematic statistics 6. New contributions by the thesis ­ To systemize theories on needs for occupational achievement  toward local and foreign researches, build up the set of tool kit to  serve   for   the   thesis   research,   including:   young   officers’   needs   for  occupational achievement,  needs for occupational achievement,  show  psychological  structure   of   young   officers’  needs   for   occupational  achievement  with   three   components:   awareness,   attitude,   and  behavior;   influencers   on  the  formation  and  development   of   young  officers’ needs for occupational achievement ­ The outcomes of the survey show that young officers’ needs for  occupational achievement stay high, which shows consistency in three  aspects:   awareness,   attitude,   and   behavior   The   awareness   level   of  NCTĐNN is lower than that in the two remaining aspects ­   There   are   not   any   differences   with   respects   of   needs   for  occupational achievement in those young officers with army ranks of  officers or officer levels or  scales; however, there are differences in  terms of needs for occupational achievement among young officers at  various titles.  ­ There is the close and advantageous relationship between  needs   for   occupational   achievement   and   fulfillment   of   young  officers’ responsibilities and duties. The fulfillment does not create  any   differences   in   needs   for   occupational   achievement   among  different groups of young officers at different officer scales or titles  but creates differences among young officers at different grades ­   Young   officers’   needs   for   occupational   achievement   are  influenced by the two factor groups: subjective and objective ones.  The   outcomes   from   experimental   tests   show   that:   if   educating   to  enhance young officers’ awareness of military occupational values,  their needs for occupational achievement will develop 7. Meanings of the thesis’s theory and reality * Meanings of the thesis’s theory The   thesis   further   supplements   and   enriches   the  psychological   theory   in   young   officers’   needs   for   occupational  achievement   in   Vietnam   People’s   Army,   determines   the   need  structure   for   young   officers’   achievement   &   basic   signals   for   the  needs   It   also   shows   influencers   on   their   needs   for   occupational  achievement in Vietnam People’s Army.  * The thesis’s practical meanings To   provide   more   scientific   basis   for   the   development   of  young   officers’   needs   for   occupational   achievement,   making  contributions   to   boosting   up   the   quality   of   the   force   in   Vietnam  People’s   Army  The  thesis   is  a useful  reference  for   researches  on  needs for occupational achievement in general and on education &  management of young officers in the Army in particular 8. The thesis’s structure In   addition   to   the   introduction   part,   an   overview   on  researches,   conclusions,   and   the   list   of   references,   there   are   three  chapters as follows: Chapter     Reasonings   of   young   officers’   needs   for  occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Chapter 2. Organization and research methods Chapter 3. Outcomes of practical researches OVERVIEW ON THESIS­RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION:  YOUNG OFFICERS’ NEEDS FOR OCCUPATIONAL  ACHIEVEMENT IN VIETNAM PEOPLE’S ARMY   Foreign   research   works   on   needs   for   occupational  achievement 1.1   Some   researches   on  natures,   origins,   and   operation   mechanism of needs for occupational achievement  There are many different perceptions on natures, origins, and  operation   mechanism   of   needs   for   occupational   achievement   Let’s  consider the needs for occupational achievement originate from the  unconscious instinct, H.A Murray supposes the need for achievement  is potential and is formed from relationships while D.C. McClelland  focuses   on  asserting  the  origins   of   it   and  J.W   Atkinson  states   the  tendency toward achievement and avoidance away from failures. A.N.  Leonchiep states the need for achievement originates from practical  activities. M.Sh. Magomed­Eminov considers it as a process of activity  control  H   Heckhausen   firstly   states   and   highlights   the   origin   of  awareness and values in the need for achievement. This is strengthened  and developed by B. Weiner and C.S. Dweck.  1.2. Some researches on need structures for achievement At   present,   there   are   many   different   approaches   by   such  authors as: J.W. Atkinson, M.Sh. Magomed­Eminov, and T.O. Gordeeva,  etc.,   through   those   structural   models   of   needs   for   occupational  achievement   so   components   of   values,   objectives,   emotions,  sentiment,   awareness,   and   behavior,   etc.,   merge   up   as   important  factors. Particularly, the viewpoint on need structure for achievement  by   T.O. Gordeeva   with   four   mobile   blocks   gains   the   most   of  agreement. It should be inheritted and applied to the thesis.  1.3. Some researches on measuring methods of needs for   occupational achievement There   are   two   tendencies   of   needs   for   occupational  achievement:   Using  TAT   or   questionaires   and   the   other   testing  method. Each method group shows its own good and pain points. To  promote such good points and constrain such pain points in relevancy  to the thesis’s research tendency, we  choose to use questionaires to  measure young officers’ needs for occupational achievement 1.4. Some researches on the formation and development of   needs for occupational achievement Some   authors   like:   H   Heckhausen,  K.A   Abulkhanova­ Clavskia,   and  L.M. Mitina,   etc.,   care  about   building  up,   proposing  formulas   &   programs   to   form   and   develop   needs   for   occupational  achievement in pupils and students. On the other hand, at present, the  direction   of   researches   and   sharings   on   virtues,   tips,   and   paths   to  achievement in achievementful people like keys to achievement to help  the young generation and first jobbers remarkably develops. There are  such typical authors as: Stephen R.Covey and David Niven, etc.,  2. Local research works related to young officers’ needs  for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army 2.1   Theoretical   researches   on   needs   for   occupational   achievement Local authors are interested in theories on needs in general and  researching quite early, typically as such researches by authors like  Pham  Minh Hac,  Le  Duc Phuc,  Le  Khanh,  Tran Trong Thuy,  and  Nguyen Thi Kim Quy, etc., Nevertheless, compared with other aspects  of   needs,   this   remains   rather   low   while   theories   on   needs   for  occupational achievement are presented in researches by: Tran Anh  Chau and Le Van Hao, etc.,  2.2   Practical   researches   on   needs   and   motivations   for   achievement  Such authors as: Le Thi Thanh Huong, Dinh Duc Hoi, and  La Thi Thu Thuy, etc., on one side, have ever conducted researches  on needs for occupational achievement by various subject groups.  On   the   other   hand,   they   have   also   deeply   learnt   about   the  relationship   between   needs   &   motivations   for   achievement   and  other socio­psychological factors, thence, to point out actual states  and   influencers   on   needs   &   motivations   for   achievement   or  relationships   as   well   as   proposals   to   enhance   their   needs   and  motivations for achievement 2.3   Researches   related   to   young   officers’   needs   for   occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army  There have had practical research works on young officers’  needs   for   occupational   achievement,   tendencies,   motivations,  positivity, and orientation for personality values among subject groups  such as officers (including young officers), learners at military schools  of authors and author groups of: Chu Thanh Phong, Lai Ngoc Hai, and  Hoang Van Thanh, etc.,    Summary   on   research   outcomes   of   announced  scientific works and issues the thesis focuses to address 3.1  Summary   on   research   outcomes   of   announced   scientific works Foreign psychologists have ever made researches on needs  for   occupational   achievement   by   applying   various   approaches   on  different subjects. These researches offer us a comprehensive outlook  on   needs   for   occupational   achievement   in   psychology   worldwide.  Thence, they will help us compare with local corresponding ones and  the research direction of the thesis.  There   have   some   local   theoretical   and   practical   research  works   on   needs   for   occupational   achievement   Particularly,   there  have had those on such issues related to young officers’ needs for  occupational   achievement   like:   occupational   tendencies,   and  activeness,   etc.,   Thence,   we   have   compared   them   with   foreign  research tendencies   in order   to  find  out   “room”  for   researches  on  needs   for   occupational   achievement   in   the   context   of   Vietnam’s  psychology. Thence, we can assert the novelty of the thesis.  3.2. Issues that the thesis needs to focus on for settlement Theories   need   clarifying   in   the   thesis   like:   the   approach   that  considers needs for occupational achievement as a psychological attribute  and personality & inherits T.O. Gordeeva’s structural model of needs for  occupational achievement. Furthermore, young officers’ need structure for  achievement in Vietnam People’s Army shall be built up. Afterwards, actual  states of levels and influencers on young officers’ needs for occupational  achievement will be surveyed and evaluated, leading to proposals for some  socio­psychological   measures   to   enhance   their   needs   for   occupational  achievement. The feasibility of socio­psychological measures shall be tested  and verified to promote young officers’ needs for occupational achievement  in Vietnam People’s Army.  Chapter 1 REASONINGS ON YOUNG OFFICERS’ NEEDS FOR  OCCUPATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT IN VIETNAM PEOPLE’S ARMY 1.1. Reasonings on needs and those for achievement 1.1.1. Some theoretical issues on needs Definition of needs Needs   mean   a   stable   psychological   &   personality   attribute  presented in individual obvious requirement for something (material or  spiritual) that need meeting for subjects to exist and develop.  Classification of needs There   are   many   different   ways   to   classify   needs,   each   of  which bases on certain norms. Among those classifications of needs,  however,   the   need   for   achievement   merges   up   as   a   high­level  spiritual   need   The   need   for   achievement   boosts   up   and   directs  humans’ awareness, attitude, and behavior in activity reality. It is the  origin of humans’ positivity in activities 1.1.2. Reasonings on the need for achievement Definition of the need for achievement  The need for achievement is a spychological attribute and a personality  presented in self­demanding for subjects when operating in one certain field.  They must achieve greatly meaningful values for themselves, families, and  actively make contributions to the social development.  Some   psychological   features   of   those   people   with   needs   for   occupational achievement 1.1.3   Reasonings   on   young   officers’   needs   for   occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Young officers’ occupation Young officers’ occupation means a labor field with specific  specialty feature assigned by the society in which young officers utilize  their trained and self­trained labor force like values of tools and means  in order  to create values   that  bring  about   happiness  to themselves,  families, which actively contribute to the Army’s development.  Young officers in Vietnam People’s Army Young officers in Vietnam People’s Army are officers of the  State of Socialist Republic of Vietnam who operate in the military  10 field   and   younger   than   32   at  grades   &   military  ranks   from   junior  lieutenants to senior lieutenants and undertake key titles at the draft or  equivalent grade Some psychophysiological features in young officers  Young officers’ military occupational features Definition   of   young   officers’   needs   for   occupational   achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Young   officers’   need  for   achievement   in  Vietnam   People’s  Army is a psychological and personality attribute that shows young  officers’ self­demanding in the military field. They must gain military  occupational values meaningful for themselves, families, and actively  contribute to the Army’s development.  AWARENESS  ATTITUDE  ­  Responsibilities  are  assigned  by  the  1.2. Structures and signals of Young officers’ needs for  ­ Be loyal with the Party’s military guidelines,  Fatherland, Party, the Army, and people ­  the  State’s  military  policies  and  laws  ­  occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Creativity  when  performing  Absolutely  believing  in  the  Party’s  leadership,  the  Army’s  strength,  and  responsibilities  and  tasks­  Decisive  roles   1.2.1. Structures and signals of Young officers’ needs for   capacity  to  brilliantly  fulfill  tasks  of  when  addressing  arising  real  situations  ­  themselves  and  units  ­  Be  aware  of  Importance  of  self­management  skills  ­  occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army practicing  their  capacity  for  flexible  Roles  of  overcoming  difficulties  and  military  activities­  Actively  Structure   of   young   officers’   needsthinking    for in   occupational  hardship  in  the  military  occupation  ­  The  practicing  skills  to  independently  fulfill  importance  of  building  up  good  achievement is constituted from three components: awareness; attitude  tasks  ­  Getting  proud  when  brilliantly  fulfilling  relationships.   assigned  tasks  ­  Believing  in  success  when  (emotions), and behavior. During the time young officers perform their  applying knowledge to military activities responsibilities   and   tasks,   these   three   components     not   exist  separately but interrelate to one another and act in interactions to form  a well­rounded and consistent format.  BASIC SIGNALS OF  1.2.2   Signals   of   young  officers’   needs   for   occupational   YOUNG OFFICERS’  NEEDS FOR  achievement in Vietnam People’s Army OCCUPATIONAL  SUCCESS IN VIETNAM  PEOPLE’S ARMY ATTITUDES ­ Resilient actions for the Military State ­ Regularly  set up and develop relationships ­ Always  taking active thinking when performing  responsibilities and tasks ­ Regularly taking  independent thinking while performing  responsibilities and tasks­ Regularly  practicing assigned skills, short and long­term  objectives for all tasks ­ Regularly making  efforts to activate during performing tasks  12 1.3. Influencers on young officers’ needs for occupational  achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Researches by  B  Weiner, C. Dweck, and La Thi Thu Thuy  match with purposes and the research subjects of the theis, in our opinions,  there   are   two   direct   influencer   groups   on   young   officers’   needs   for  occupational achievement 1.3.1. The group of subjective factors  The   group   of   subjective   factors  influence   young   officers’  needs for occupational  achievement,  including such basic factors as:  Perception of young officers on achievement; desire for self­assertion;  inspiration   for   the   occupation;   their   spirit   of   responsibilities   for   the  occupation;   experience,   and  life   experience;   the   level   to   grasp  occupational  & professional knowledge;  the level of young officers’  understandings about requirements for actual military activities.  1.3.2. Objective factors The objective factor group basically influences young officers’  needs for occupational achievement: family traditions; incentives offered  by   the   Party,   State,   and   Army   to   young   officers;   the   consistency   in  training, arranging, and utilizing young officers; efficiency of military  occupational training and political self­practice for them; positions that  they undertake; influences by co­workers and friend groups; their working  conditions and environment Conclusions to chapter 1 Based on the research process, different viewpoints on needs  for occupational achievement and achievement toward the approach  of activities – values – personality will be selected and inherited. We  have determined young officers’ need for achievement in Vietnam  People’s Army. It is one psychological attribute and personality of  young officers, which shows consistency in awareness, attitudes, and  behavior in order to control the military occupational value system.  The   structure   of   young   officers’   needs   for   occupational  achievement   consists   of   three   components:   awareness,   attitudes,  and   behavior   In   order   to   evaluate   the   actual   state   of   young  officers’ needs for occupational achievement, three manifestation  aspects need approving with 18 interrelationships Young   officers’   needs   for   occupational   achievement   are  influenced   by   many   different   factors   Within   the   thesis’s   scope,   we  13 initially determine the two factor groups: subjective and objective factors  with  14  basic  influencers   on  young  officers’   needs   for   occupational  achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Chapter 2 ORGANIZATION AND RESEARCH METHOD 2.1. Organization of researches 2.1.1. Research unit The   thesis   shall   be   deployed   for   researches   in     units:  fBB302 –  Military zone 7, brigade 139 – Arm of Information and  Communications, brigade 170/ Zone 1­ Navy Service 2.1.2. Subjects for researches Subjects   for   researches   in   the   thesis   mean   500   young  officers, 150 official cadres, and 150 non­commissioned officers 2.1.3. Research contents To research theoretical issues on young officers’ needs for  occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army; to survey and  evaluate   the   actual   state   of   young   officers’   current   needs   for  occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army ­  Based on the outcomes of the research, socio­psychological  proposals will be made to contribute and enhance young officers’ needs  for occupational achievement.  ­ To test influences on measures to enhance young officers’  needs for occupational achievement.  2.1.4. Research phases Phase 1: To make theoretical researches, initial surveys, and  accomplish the detailed project. Phase 2: To survey the actual state,  conduct influential tests, and write the thesis’s contents. Phase 3: To  check investigative figures and continue supplementing the thesis’s  contents. Phase 4: To accomplish the thesis 2.2. Research methods In  order   to  serve  for   the  thesis   research,   we   have   utilized  several   different   research   methods   like:   researching   documents,  surveying by using questionaires, observation,  in­depth interviews,  focus   discussion   groups,   piloting   expert   methods,   and   processing  figures by mathematical statistic through  SPSS 20.0 software with  14 statistical calculation: making analysis by using descriptive statistics,  making analysis by using deductive statistics, and factor analysis Conclusions to chapter 2 In order to achieve the outcomes of the research on actual state  of   young   officers’   needs   for   occupational   achievement   in   Vietnam  People’s Army, we have thoroughly made preparations and details on  the process to organize researches and utilize research methods. The  synchronous use of different methods when measuring young officers’  needs for occupational achievement helps us gain very authentic and  valuable qualitative figures to clarify the qualitative outcomes gained  through processing figures by using SPSS software. By utilizing the  survey method through questionaires, sub­scales of measurement in  questionaires are those firstly built up and used, however, they are all  highly reliable. The experimental process is conducted strictly and as  planned. The division of frequency once every 3 months cuts down the  scale’s sensitivity.  Chapter 3 OUTCOMES OF REALISTIC RESEARCHES 3.1. Actual state of young officers’ needs for occupational  achievement in Vietnam People’s Army 3.1.1. Actual state of awareness of young officers’ needs for   occupational achievement Actual   state   of   awareness   of   young   officers’   needs   for  occupational   achievement   means   the   very   their   awareness   of   the  military occupational value system. Young officers are precisely, fully,  and deeply aware of the military occupational value system, which is  the   advantageous   premise   for   them   to   move   forward  military  occupational   values   and   satisfy   their   needs   for   occupational  achievement. The actual state of conscious contents in Young officers’  needs for occupational achievement is presented in the table 3.1: Table 3.1. Scales of conscious awareness of needs for occupational  achievement Content  code  [NT5] [NT9] Conscious contents  Awareness   of  responsibilities   assigned   by  the  Fatherland, Party, Army, and people  Understanding   the   creativity   in   fulfilling  responsibilities and tasks Average  Standard  Sequence  point  deviation  3.71 0.59 3.15 0.64 15 Awareness   of   decisive   roles   in   addressing  arisen actual situations  Awareness   of   importance   in   individual  [NT14] management skill  Awareness   of   importance   in  overcoming  [NT16] difficulties and hardship in military occupation  Awareness   of   importance   in  building   up   good  [NT18] relationships in military collectives  Conscious awareness in young officers’ needs for  occupational achievement  [NT12] 3.60 0.58 3.38 0.63 3.50 0.65 3.34 0.66 3.45 0.48 The outcomes from the table 3.1 point out, young officers’  deep awareness of needs for occupational achievement  (the  average  point = 3.45, Standard deviation = 0.48). This awareness level is the  important premise to form positive attitudes and behavior in young  officers to control and satisfy needs for military achievement.  All contents in awareness are strongly inter­related (r: 0.351 ­  0.652, p  0.05) and there are similarities in terms of  23 awareness levels between the group of testing unit and the remaining  young officer group in the big sample size 3.4.2. Survey and checking outcomes after tests Young officers’ awareness levels of needs for occupational achievement  of testing unit have developed deeply (from the average point = 3.41 to the  average point = 3.80) with dispersion of low ratios of answers (Standard  deviation = 0.24) while the change in ĐVĐC is not much remarkable.  After testing  effects Before testing  effects Young officers’ awareness of needs for  occupational  achievement The chart 3.12. Young officers’ awareness of needs for occupational   achievement in the testing unit group before and after testing influences The outcomes of Paired samples T test): t(39) = ­6.339, p = 0.000  (

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