The thesis aims at basing on theoretical and practical research on the career success needs of young officers of the Vietnam People''s Army, proposing psychosocial measures to contribute to improving demand. career success for them.
1 INTRODUCTION 1. Overall introduction on the thesis Needs for occupational achievement mean an issue interested for researches by both local and foreign psychologists “Young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army” is the doctorial psychological thesis firstly and independently studied in Vietnam Originating from requirements in the reality of military activities related to positivity of young officers’ ones; upon the summary of study works by local and foreign psychologists on needs for occupational achievement; in combination with exchanges and agreements with instructors & opinions by experts, the author selects and upholds relevancies to the study tendency of the thesis, thence, builds up plans, deploys researches, and better the thesis. The outcomes of the study point out the definition of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army as well as determining young officers’ need structures for achievement, evaluating the actual state and proposing some sociopsychological measures to develop young officers’ needs for occupational achievement The outcomes bring about great meanings to the author himself and actively contribute to the development of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army. Reasons to choose the topic In the current stage, the state of ready to fight and win over the war with hitech weapons uses requires military officers in general and young ones in particular to constantly make efforts for development and better their virtues & military capacity to assure for the fulfillment of assigned tasks. One important factor to help military officers to brilliantly fulfill their tasks in difficulties and hardship means the need for achievement, the origin to promote positivity, regulating directions for development, activity features, and adjusting humans’ behavior. The force of young officer is the key one to assure for continuous & firm transition from one generation of officers to another, meeting the requirement for building up the army At present, nevertheless, there remain quite a few young officers who are not aware of military occupation or not have desires to move forward for achievement in the army. For instance, they have not been properly or deeply aware of objectives of needs for military achievement as they mistake them as reaching high positions in the army or getting promoted to right ranks or earlier, etc., while being little interested in accumulating knowledge and experience; this misleads to improper attitude towards the occupation such as: not having strived to learn or practised their levels or perfected their occupational skill; lacked patience when conducting their tasks, etc., thus, they have not performed their obligations and tasks effectively yet. Therefore, in order to build up the force of young officers with sufficient virtues and capacity to meet the requirements for tasks in the new age so that they will care about needs for occupational achievement On the other hand, the study on various people’s needs for occupational achievement has been made abroad and in vietnam. However, research works have just been conducted with people in the civil field only. There are not any researches on officers or soldiers’ needs for their achievement in the armed force in general and in the army in particular and especially, there are not any works that deeply go to learn about young officers’ needs for it in Vietnam People’s Army Based on the abovementioned reasonings and reality, the author chooses the research thesis: “Young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army” 3. Objectives and tasks for researches * Objectives for researches Based on the reasonings and reality of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army, socio psychological measures will be proposed to help enhance their needs for occupational achievement. * Tasks for researches Reasonings on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement will be built up. The actual state of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement and influencers on them shall be surveyed and evaluated. Tests on those influencers will be made. 4. Subjects, objects, scopes of the research, and scientific hyppothesis * Subjects for the research Signals, levels, and influencers on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement * Objects for the research Officers, young soldiers, and noncommissioned officers in Vietnam People’s Army * Scopes of the research Scopes of contents: Based on the reasonings of activity psychology in needs for occupational achievement, the thesis focuses on researching the actual state of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement Scopes of objects: The thesis to research and survey officers, young soldiers, and noncommissioned officers in such units as: fBB302 – Military zone 7, brigade 139 – Arm of Information and Communications, brigade 170/ Zone 1 Navy Service Timeline: The thesis was commenced for researches in November 2013 and last until November 2016 * Scientific hyppothesis Young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Arm highly develop, which shows consistency and close control in their three aspects: awareness, attitude, and behavior toward needs for occupational achievement. However, the awareness aspect is not as high as that of attitude and behavior. If it is possible to apply the advanced sociopsychological measure to enhance the awareness of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement, the need level shall be able to develop. 5. Research methodology * Methodology The thesis is built upon Mark – Leninism & Ho Chi Minh ideology and methodology, and such psychological principles as: those on dialectical materialism and development of psychological phenomenon; consistency among psychology, awareness, and activities; and approach methods: activities – values – personality * Specific research methods Research methods in psychology in general and military psychology in particular are applied in the thesis, including: The group of related documents and papers research methods; the group of practical research methods; the one of figure analyzing methods by applying mathematic statistics 6. New contributions by the thesis To systemize theories on needs for occupational achievement toward local and foreign researches, build up the set of tool kit to serve for the thesis research, including: young officers’ needs for occupational achievement, needs for occupational achievement, show psychological structure of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement with three components: awareness, attitude, and behavior; influencers on the formation and development of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement The outcomes of the survey show that young officers’ needs for occupational achievement stay high, which shows consistency in three aspects: awareness, attitude, and behavior The awareness level of NCTĐNN is lower than that in the two remaining aspects There are not any differences with respects of needs for occupational achievement in those young officers with army ranks of officers or officer levels or scales; however, there are differences in terms of needs for occupational achievement among young officers at various titles. There is the close and advantageous relationship between needs for occupational achievement and fulfillment of young officers’ responsibilities and duties. The fulfillment does not create any differences in needs for occupational achievement among different groups of young officers at different officer scales or titles but creates differences among young officers at different grades Young officers’ needs for occupational achievement are influenced by the two factor groups: subjective and objective ones. The outcomes from experimental tests show that: if educating to enhance young officers’ awareness of military occupational values, their needs for occupational achievement will develop 7. Meanings of the thesis’s theory and reality * Meanings of the thesis’s theory The thesis further supplements and enriches the psychological theory in young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army, determines the need structure for young officers’ achievement & basic signals for the needs It also shows influencers on their needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army. * The thesis’s practical meanings To provide more scientific basis for the development of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement, making contributions to boosting up the quality of the force in Vietnam People’s Army The thesis is a useful reference for researches on needs for occupational achievement in general and on education & management of young officers in the Army in particular 8. The thesis’s structure In addition to the introduction part, an overview on researches, conclusions, and the list of references, there are three chapters as follows: Chapter Reasonings of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Chapter 2. Organization and research methods Chapter 3. Outcomes of practical researches OVERVIEW ON THESISRELATED RESEARCH SITUATION: YOUNG OFFICERS’ NEEDS FOR OCCUPATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT IN VIETNAM PEOPLE’S ARMY Foreign research works on needs for occupational achievement 1.1 Some researches on natures, origins, and operation mechanism of needs for occupational achievement There are many different perceptions on natures, origins, and operation mechanism of needs for occupational achievement Let’s consider the needs for occupational achievement originate from the unconscious instinct, H.A Murray supposes the need for achievement is potential and is formed from relationships while D.C. McClelland focuses on asserting the origins of it and J.W Atkinson states the tendency toward achievement and avoidance away from failures. A.N. Leonchiep states the need for achievement originates from practical activities. M.Sh. MagomedEminov considers it as a process of activity control H Heckhausen firstly states and highlights the origin of awareness and values in the need for achievement. This is strengthened and developed by B. Weiner and C.S. Dweck. 1.2. Some researches on need structures for achievement At present, there are many different approaches by such authors as: J.W. Atkinson, M.Sh. MagomedEminov, and T.O. Gordeeva, etc., through those structural models of needs for occupational achievement so components of values, objectives, emotions, sentiment, awareness, and behavior, etc., merge up as important factors. Particularly, the viewpoint on need structure for achievement by T.O. Gordeeva with four mobile blocks gains the most of agreement. It should be inheritted and applied to the thesis. 1.3. Some researches on measuring methods of needs for occupational achievement There are two tendencies of needs for occupational achievement: Using TAT or questionaires and the other testing method. Each method group shows its own good and pain points. To promote such good points and constrain such pain points in relevancy to the thesis’s research tendency, we choose to use questionaires to measure young officers’ needs for occupational achievement 1.4. Some researches on the formation and development of needs for occupational achievement Some authors like: H Heckhausen, K.A Abulkhanova Clavskia, and L.M. Mitina, etc., care about building up, proposing formulas & programs to form and develop needs for occupational achievement in pupils and students. On the other hand, at present, the direction of researches and sharings on virtues, tips, and paths to achievement in achievementful people like keys to achievement to help the young generation and first jobbers remarkably develops. There are such typical authors as: Stephen R.Covey and David Niven, etc., 2. Local research works related to young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army 2.1 Theoretical researches on needs for occupational achievement Local authors are interested in theories on needs in general and researching quite early, typically as such researches by authors like Pham Minh Hac, Le Duc Phuc, Le Khanh, Tran Trong Thuy, and Nguyen Thi Kim Quy, etc., Nevertheless, compared with other aspects of needs, this remains rather low while theories on needs for occupational achievement are presented in researches by: Tran Anh Chau and Le Van Hao, etc., 2.2 Practical researches on needs and motivations for achievement Such authors as: Le Thi Thanh Huong, Dinh Duc Hoi, and La Thi Thu Thuy, etc., on one side, have ever conducted researches on needs for occupational achievement by various subject groups. On the other hand, they have also deeply learnt about the relationship between needs & motivations for achievement and other sociopsychological factors, thence, to point out actual states and influencers on needs & motivations for achievement or relationships as well as proposals to enhance their needs and motivations for achievement 2.3 Researches related to young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army There have had practical research works on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement, tendencies, motivations, positivity, and orientation for personality values among subject groups such as officers (including young officers), learners at military schools of authors and author groups of: Chu Thanh Phong, Lai Ngoc Hai, and Hoang Van Thanh, etc., Summary on research outcomes of announced scientific works and issues the thesis focuses to address 3.1 Summary on research outcomes of announced scientific works Foreign psychologists have ever made researches on needs for occupational achievement by applying various approaches on different subjects. These researches offer us a comprehensive outlook on needs for occupational achievement in psychology worldwide. Thence, they will help us compare with local corresponding ones and the research direction of the thesis. There have some local theoretical and practical research works on needs for occupational achievement Particularly, there have had those on such issues related to young officers’ needs for occupational achievement like: occupational tendencies, and activeness, etc., Thence, we have compared them with foreign research tendencies in order to find out “room” for researches on needs for occupational achievement in the context of Vietnam’s psychology. Thence, we can assert the novelty of the thesis. 3.2. Issues that the thesis needs to focus on for settlement Theories need clarifying in the thesis like: the approach that considers needs for occupational achievement as a psychological attribute and personality & inherits T.O. Gordeeva’s structural model of needs for occupational achievement. Furthermore, young officers’ need structure for achievement in Vietnam People’s Army shall be built up. Afterwards, actual states of levels and influencers on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement will be surveyed and evaluated, leading to proposals for some sociopsychological measures to enhance their needs for occupational achievement. The feasibility of sociopsychological measures shall be tested and verified to promote young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army. Chapter 1 REASONINGS ON YOUNG OFFICERS’ NEEDS FOR OCCUPATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT IN VIETNAM PEOPLE’S ARMY 1.1. Reasonings on needs and those for achievement 1.1.1. Some theoretical issues on needs Definition of needs Needs mean a stable psychological & personality attribute presented in individual obvious requirement for something (material or spiritual) that need meeting for subjects to exist and develop. Classification of needs There are many different ways to classify needs, each of which bases on certain norms. Among those classifications of needs, however, the need for achievement merges up as a highlevel spiritual need The need for achievement boosts up and directs humans’ awareness, attitude, and behavior in activity reality. It is the origin of humans’ positivity in activities 1.1.2. Reasonings on the need for achievement Definition of the need for achievement The need for achievement is a spychological attribute and a personality presented in selfdemanding for subjects when operating in one certain field. They must achieve greatly meaningful values for themselves, families, and actively make contributions to the social development. Some psychological features of those people with needs for occupational achievement 1.1.3 Reasonings on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Young officers’ occupation Young officers’ occupation means a labor field with specific specialty feature assigned by the society in which young officers utilize their trained and selftrained labor force like values of tools and means in order to create values that bring about happiness to themselves, families, which actively contribute to the Army’s development. Young officers in Vietnam People’s Army Young officers in Vietnam People’s Army are officers of the State of Socialist Republic of Vietnam who operate in the military 10 field and younger than 32 at grades & military ranks from junior lieutenants to senior lieutenants and undertake key titles at the draft or equivalent grade Some psychophysiological features in young officers Young officers’ military occupational features Definition of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Young officers’ need for achievement in Vietnam People’s Army is a psychological and personality attribute that shows young officers’ selfdemanding in the military field. They must gain military occupational values meaningful for themselves, families, and actively contribute to the Army’s development. AWARENESS ATTITUDE Responsibilities are assigned by the 1.2. Structures and signals of Young officers’ needs for Be loyal with the Party’s military guidelines, Fatherland, Party, the Army, and people the State’s military policies and laws occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Creativity when performing Absolutely believing in the Party’s leadership, the Army’s strength, and responsibilities and tasks Decisive roles 1.2.1. Structures and signals of Young officers’ needs for capacity to brilliantly fulfill tasks of when addressing arising real situations themselves and units Be aware of Importance of selfmanagement skills occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army practicing their capacity for flexible Roles of overcoming difficulties and military activities Actively Structure of young officers’ needsthinking for in occupational hardship in the military occupation The practicing skills to independently fulfill importance of building up good achievement is constituted from three components: awareness; attitude tasks Getting proud when brilliantly fulfilling relationships. assigned tasks Believing in success when (emotions), and behavior. During the time young officers perform their applying knowledge to military activities responsibilities and tasks, these three components not exist separately but interrelate to one another and act in interactions to form a wellrounded and consistent format. BASIC SIGNALS OF 1.2.2 Signals of young officers’ needs for occupational YOUNG OFFICERS’ NEEDS FOR achievement in Vietnam People’s Army OCCUPATIONAL SUCCESS IN VIETNAM PEOPLE’S ARMY ATTITUDES Resilient actions for the Military State Regularly set up and develop relationships Always taking active thinking when performing responsibilities and tasks Regularly taking independent thinking while performing responsibilities and tasks Regularly practicing assigned skills, short and longterm objectives for all tasks Regularly making efforts to activate during performing tasks 12 1.3. Influencers on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Researches by B Weiner, C. Dweck, and La Thi Thu Thuy match with purposes and the research subjects of the theis, in our opinions, there are two direct influencer groups on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement 1.3.1. The group of subjective factors The group of subjective factors influence young officers’ needs for occupational achievement, including such basic factors as: Perception of young officers on achievement; desire for selfassertion; inspiration for the occupation; their spirit of responsibilities for the occupation; experience, and life experience; the level to grasp occupational & professional knowledge; the level of young officers’ understandings about requirements for actual military activities. 1.3.2. Objective factors The objective factor group basically influences young officers’ needs for occupational achievement: family traditions; incentives offered by the Party, State, and Army to young officers; the consistency in training, arranging, and utilizing young officers; efficiency of military occupational training and political selfpractice for them; positions that they undertake; influences by coworkers and friend groups; their working conditions and environment Conclusions to chapter 1 Based on the research process, different viewpoints on needs for occupational achievement and achievement toward the approach of activities – values – personality will be selected and inherited. We have determined young officers’ need for achievement in Vietnam People’s Army. It is one psychological attribute and personality of young officers, which shows consistency in awareness, attitudes, and behavior in order to control the military occupational value system. The structure of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement consists of three components: awareness, attitudes, and behavior In order to evaluate the actual state of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement, three manifestation aspects need approving with 18 interrelationships Young officers’ needs for occupational achievement are influenced by many different factors Within the thesis’s scope, we 13 initially determine the two factor groups: subjective and objective factors with 14 basic influencers on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Chapter 2 ORGANIZATION AND RESEARCH METHOD 2.1. Organization of researches 2.1.1. Research unit The thesis shall be deployed for researches in units: fBB302 – Military zone 7, brigade 139 – Arm of Information and Communications, brigade 170/ Zone 1 Navy Service 2.1.2. Subjects for researches Subjects for researches in the thesis mean 500 young officers, 150 official cadres, and 150 noncommissioned officers 2.1.3. Research contents To research theoretical issues on young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army; to survey and evaluate the actual state of young officers’ current needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army Based on the outcomes of the research, sociopsychological proposals will be made to contribute and enhance young officers’ needs for occupational achievement. To test influences on measures to enhance young officers’ needs for occupational achievement. 2.1.4. Research phases Phase 1: To make theoretical researches, initial surveys, and accomplish the detailed project. Phase 2: To survey the actual state, conduct influential tests, and write the thesis’s contents. Phase 3: To check investigative figures and continue supplementing the thesis’s contents. Phase 4: To accomplish the thesis 2.2. Research methods In order to serve for the thesis research, we have utilized several different research methods like: researching documents, surveying by using questionaires, observation, indepth interviews, focus discussion groups, piloting expert methods, and processing figures by mathematical statistic through SPSS 20.0 software with 14 statistical calculation: making analysis by using descriptive statistics, making analysis by using deductive statistics, and factor analysis Conclusions to chapter 2 In order to achieve the outcomes of the research on actual state of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army, we have thoroughly made preparations and details on the process to organize researches and utilize research methods. The synchronous use of different methods when measuring young officers’ needs for occupational achievement helps us gain very authentic and valuable qualitative figures to clarify the qualitative outcomes gained through processing figures by using SPSS software. By utilizing the survey method through questionaires, subscales of measurement in questionaires are those firstly built up and used, however, they are all highly reliable. The experimental process is conducted strictly and as planned. The division of frequency once every 3 months cuts down the scale’s sensitivity. Chapter 3 OUTCOMES OF REALISTIC RESEARCHES 3.1. Actual state of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement in Vietnam People’s Army 3.1.1. Actual state of awareness of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement Actual state of awareness of young officers’ needs for occupational achievement means the very their awareness of the military occupational value system. Young officers are precisely, fully, and deeply aware of the military occupational value system, which is the advantageous premise for them to move forward military occupational values and satisfy their needs for occupational achievement. The actual state of conscious contents in Young officers’ needs for occupational achievement is presented in the table 3.1: Table 3.1. Scales of conscious awareness of needs for occupational achievement Content code [NT5] [NT9] Conscious contents Awareness of responsibilities assigned by the Fatherland, Party, Army, and people Understanding the creativity in fulfilling responsibilities and tasks Average Standard Sequence point deviation 3.71 0.59 3.15 0.64 15 Awareness of decisive roles in addressing arisen actual situations Awareness of importance in individual [NT14] management skill Awareness of importance in overcoming [NT16] difficulties and hardship in military occupation Awareness of importance in building up good [NT18] relationships in military collectives Conscious awareness in young officers’ needs for occupational achievement [NT12] 3.60 0.58 3.38 0.63 3.50 0.65 3.34 0.66 3.45 0.48 The outcomes from the table 3.1 point out, young officers’ deep awareness of needs for occupational achievement (the average point = 3.45, Standard deviation = 0.48). This awareness level is the important premise to form positive attitudes and behavior in young officers to control and satisfy needs for military achievement. All contents in awareness are strongly interrelated (r: 0.351 0.652, p 0.05) and there are similarities in terms of 23 awareness levels between the group of testing unit and the remaining young officer group in the big sample size 3.4.2. Survey and checking outcomes after tests Young officers’ awareness levels of needs for occupational achievement of testing unit have developed deeply (from the average point = 3.41 to the average point = 3.80) with dispersion of low ratios of answers (Standard deviation = 0.24) while the change in ĐVĐC is not much remarkable. After testing effects Before testing effects Young officers’ awareness of needs for occupational achievement The chart 3.12. Young officers’ awareness of needs for occupational achievement in the testing unit group before and after testing influences The outcomes of Paired samples T test): t(39) = 6.339, p = 0.000 (