Application the activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment in machinery spare parts no 1 joint stock company (FUTU 1)

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM MINH TUAN APPLICATION CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS ON LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT IN MACHINERY SPARE PARTS NO.1 JOINT STOCK COMPANY (FUTU 1) BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental science and management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2014 - 2018 Thai Nguyen, 20/08/ 2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Degree Program Pham Minh Tuan Student name DTN1453110152 Student ID Application the Activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment in Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Thesis Title Company (FUTU 1) Supervisor (s) Supervisor’s signature (s) Assoc Prof Nguyen Hung Quang Abstract: Water pollution now is a big problem in Viet Nam The Song Cong city live in the north in Viet Nam which is a city of industry with a lot of industry company and the water pollution is the matter of course This report about using the chemical, physical and activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment in Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company (FUTU 1).To understands about level of water pollution and management water waste in Song Cong city and FUTU company The report recorded the concept of water waste and technology of water waste treatment the process of liquid waste treatment in the months in FUTU With method: learning, writing and observation, evaluation of sampling and assessment about liquid waste result By the process in FUTU to give conclusion about level of water in FUTU and give comment for company leaders about solution if the factory have problem Keywords: Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company (FUTU 1) The activated sludge process, BOD, TSS, PAC Number of pages: 44 Date of 25/09/2018 Submission i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this thesis, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the School Board of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, International program office and all the teachers in the school have taught me basic knowledge, lessons, and valuable experiences so that I can visualize what I need to when I internship as well as apply that knowledge during the internship and writing report In particular, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Assoc Prof Nguyen Hung Quang for their invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this graduated thesis Finally, I would like to thank the environmental department of Machinery spare parts NO.1 joint stock , for giving me a chance to internship at the company In particular, Mr Vu Xuan Tinh, also all members in group give me an opportunity, guidance and helped me during my internship I would like to sincerely thank! Student Pham Minh Tuan ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF TABLE v PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research’s objective 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Definitions PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical background 2.1.1 Water pollution 2.1.2 Causes of Water Pollution 2.1.3 The effect of water pollution: 2.2 Law of environment 11 2.3 The situation of water pollution in Thai Nguyen 12 PART III METHODS 15 3.1 Material: 15 3.2 Methods 15 3.2.1 Job-training content 15 PART IV RESULTS 29 Results 29 4.1.The amount water discharge per day 29 4.2.Collect water waste after treatment time per week 29 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 31 5.1 Discussion 31 5.2 Conclusion 31 REFERENCES 33 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figures 3.3 Diagram of chemical, physical and activated sludge 18 Figures 4.1 the water discharge per day 29 iv LIST OF TABLE Table 3.1 The value input of water waste before treatment 15 Table 3.2 The standard of water waste after treatment 16 Table 4.2 Quality of waste water analysis after treatment .Error! Bookmark not defined Table 4.3 The mean of output value after treatment 41 v PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Nowadays the environmental are most important in our life It is not only a living space, a place to entertain our natural landscapes and make us more comfortable, but also provide natural resources to serve in the process of production and consumption According to some Yale studies (Sweden, 2006), Vietnam is one of the eight lowest ranking countries in Southeast Asia for the environment The biggest problem is the increase of waste from industrial factories to environmental pollution Each factory has its own waste treatment system and depends on the technology used This report about the study and job-training in month in Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company (FUTU 1) live in Mo Che ward, Song Cong city, Thai Nguyen province When the project starts operation It will bring many benefits for the socio-economic development of Thai Nguyen province such as with 130,000 m2 and 1200 people with 182 engineer and 300 skilled workers Socio-economic development and independence of the region, and a net contribution to the province; Project multipliers such as social infrastructure, businesses, and peripheral employment; estimated US$20 million corporate tax and royalties over the 50 year mine life; Estimated 12,000 MW hours per month in power consumption Creation of opportunities for local business to expand and new business to develop during the project’s at least 50 years of production Producing, buying and selling materials, equipment, spare parts of engines and agricultural machines Producing and trading mechanical products, tools for agriculture, forestry, fishery and transportation Manufacture of spare parts, assembly and repair of automobiles and motorcycles In addition to its benefits, it also has a strong negative impact on the environment in general and the water environment in particular One of the most important and essential factors for the life of organisms on earth in general and the person in particular is the water Derived from the reality, through the agreement of Dean of Environmental Faculty and Advance Education Program Office - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry the report about job-training study about: “Application chemical, physical and the activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment in FUTU 1in Mo Che ward, Song Cong city, Thai Nguyen province” 1.2 Research’s objective - Assessment of water quality of FUTU company - Identify sources of water pollution of company - Propose some solutions to enhance the environmental protection of FUTU company 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses - What is an overview of Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company ? - What is current situation of water quality Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company ? - What is Method and principle of operation of wastewater treatment technology in Machinery Spare Parts No.1 Joint Stock Company ? - Does the effluent quality meet the requirements of the environmental law? 1.4 Limitations - Due to limitation of time and resources, this study mainly focuses on using chemical, physical and the activated sludge process on liquid waste treatment of FUTU company - The time job-training not enough for study all about environment in FUTU company 1.5 Definitions What is waste ? A natural part of the life cycle, waste occurs when any organism returns substances to the environment Living things take in raw materials and excrete wastes that are recycled by other living organ-isms However, humans produce an additional flow of material residues that would overload the capacity of natural recy-cling processes, so these wastes must be managed in order to reduce their effect on our aesthetics, health, or the environment Solid and fluid, hazardous and non-toxic wastes are generated in our households, offices, schools, hospi-tals, and industries No society is immune from day-to-day issues associated with waste disposal How waste is handled often depends on its source and characteristics, as well as any local, state, and federal regulations that govern its management Practices generally differ for residences and industries, in urban and rural areas, and for developed and developing countries What is industry waste ? Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, industries, mills, and mining operations It has existed since the start of the Industrial Revolution Toxic waste, chemical waste, industrial solid waste and liquid waste are designations of industrial wastes Sewage treatment plants can treat some industrial wastes, i.e those consisting of conventional pollutants such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants require specialized treatment systems - Classification of liquid waste: + Daily waste: Waste of all workers and staff during their life and work at the company + Waste from the production process: Liquid waste (oil, grease, toxic chemicals) - Pollution Management and Control There are many approaches that could be adopted in water pollution control and management It could be through prevention, practice efforts or join a project/program; Regulation and monitoring or engaging in control measures by reducing or minimizing waste Prevention of water pollution according to Wikipedia includes the following ways: (i) Wash your car far away from any storm water drains (ii) Don’t throw trash, chemicals or solvents into sewer drains (iii) inspects your septic system every – years (iv) avoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can run off into water systems (v) sweep your driveway instead of hosing it down (vi) always pump your waste-holding tanks on your boat (vii) use non-toxic cleaning materials (viii) clean up oil and other liquid spills with kitty litter and sweep them up (ix) don’t wash paints brushes in the sink Another way is to join or get involved with pollution prevention is to practice efforts on your own or join projects or programme Some of these are available with the Environmental Protection Agency website (EPA) Note: The way of water waste The way of mud 3.2.1.6 Operate technology Waste water collection Firstly, waste water from the workshops of FUTU followed the sewer system leading to the wastewater collection tank Garbage sheds will be placed in front of the tank to remove large trash from the system that will affect the sewage pump and treatment facilities Grease separator Wastewater from the tank was pumped to the grease skimmer tank for treatment The grease extracted by the grease trap installed in the tank automatically flew to the sludge drying yard After the oil was separated, the wastewater flew into the conditioning tank Waste water regulation The regulator helped regulate flow and concentration of pollutants The air conditioner is equipped with a gas distribution system at the bottom of the tank; the air supplied from the air blower will scatter throughout the tank and mix the wastewater, avoiding the growth of the anaerobic bacteria causing bad odors The air flow could be stable even during peak hours During rush hours, excess flow would be retained in the conditioning tank The air conditioner also had some advantages such as: - Balance the loading of organic substances and metals - Neutralize pH fluctuation 19 - Ensure continuity of the system and the next works effectively - Control highly toxic substances - Deodorize Physical and chemical treatment Effluent of the wastewater from the air conditioning tank was pumped into physico-chemical treatment when input indicators metal contamination did not exceed environmental standards In the case of wastewater inputs had problems such as the concentration of heavy metals, compounds difficult biodegradable exceed the standards, and new cluster chemistry would perform key functions as flocculation - deposition to ensure input for biological systems - Physical and chemical treatment was the process for the Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and polymer anion with wastewater to form flocculants and pull the pollutants in wastewater to the bottom of the tank, and then separated in the form of mud Substances that can be removed from the wastewater during physical and chemical treatment are: COD, SS, heavy metal compounds and suspended solids in wastewater DO, COD, color and content of suspended substances decreased, BOD5 concentrations were also reduced at this step Preliminary sedimentation tanks were specially designed to create a sedimentation environment for the colloidal cotton The tilt center and the bottom of the tank had a high slope, which helped sludge to slip to the bottom of the tank and be pumped into the sludge thicken tank This process used alum to perform a PAC reaction in a pH of 7-7.5 and concurrently combined with the polymer to form bridges to the colloidal particles to 20 promote cotton production Wastewater continued to be fed into a physical sludge precipitator to separate the suspended solids from the effluent discharge stream For the effect of the gravitation, suspended solids were separated from the effluent down to the bottom while clear water went up and overflew through the bulkhead of the settling tank Sediment tanks were fitted with tilt centers to increase the surface area of sediment in order to promote the efficiency of the equipment Process of physical and chemical treatment Only being conducted when concentration of input pollutants such as SS, heavy metals, colors beyond the limits treatment of an Aeoten tank (greater than NTR 24: 2009/ BTNMT C) in order to save operating costs Processes of treatment were shown like the technical explanation of the tenders More detailed steps were detailed in the practical section Here are the steps you need to take to get started: - Preparation of chemicals: Prepare the necessary chemicals for the flocculation process, including: + pH-adjusting chemicals for PAC: Acid, alkaline (should be mixed in the concentration of