The impact of land cover changes on land surface temperature in ho chi minh city based on landsat imagery

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN CAM TU THE IMPACT OF LAND COVER CHANGES ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN HO CHI MINH CITY BASED ON LANDSAT IMAGERY BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode Major Faculty Batch :Full-time :Environmental Science and Management :Advanced Education Program Office :2014 - 2018 Thai Nguyen, 25/09/2018 i Thai Nguyen University of Agricultural and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name NGUYEN CAM TU Student ID DTN1453110150 Thesis Title The impact of Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature in Ho Chi Minh City based on Landsat Imagery Supervisor (s) Assoc Prof Tang-Huang Lin MSc Nguyen Van Hieu Supervisor’s signature Abstract: Along with the growth of national and social economics ,the urban development is taking place strongly in Viet Nam during the past decades, especially in megacities The assessment of land use changes is a very important issue among the impacts of urbanization ,serving as a foundation for land use planning.In this study , the multispectral and multi-temporal satellite imagery were used to investigate the impact of Land Cover Changes (LCCs) on Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Ho Chi Minh City(HCMC), Vietnam Three sets of Landsat imageries covered a period of 20 years in HCMC from 1998 to 2017 are acquired for examining the impact of LCC , including Landsat Thematic (TM) in 1998 and 2008 and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) in 2017 Supervised methodology is employed with maximum likelihood technique land cover classification The land covers of the study area are categorized into four different classes namely vegetation, urban, bare soil and water ii The results show that during the last two decades the area changing vegetation ,urban , bare soil have been decreased by 16.24% and 12.4% , while urban and water have been increased by 27.19% and 1.44% respectively The most significant changes is the bare soil transited to urban type (20% in area) As a consequence of the land cover changes , the LST was boosted up to 0.42 degree Celsius after 20 years This study also indicates that the impacts of LCCs on LST was affected by the development of new urban city and the population growth which play an important role in the Land Cover Changes as well as Land Surface Temperature Keywords: Number of pages: Ho Chi Minh City, Land Surface Temperature, Land Cover Changes 57 25/09/2018 Date of Submission: iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT From bottom of my heart , I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Associate Professor Tang-Huang Lin who in spite of being extraordinary busy with his duties , took time out to hear , guide, keep me on the correct path and complete report during the time of conducting the research at Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research (CSRSR) of National Central University (NCU) I also wish to express my deep gratitude to MSc Nguyen Van Hieu who gives me an opportunity , guidance and support me to complete thesis For my friends in Taiwan, I would like to send my best wishes to all of you : Minh Nguyen, Chang Jui-Chung, Tzu-Ying Chen Thank you for always listening to me and helping me to overcome the weakness and hardships during the time I conducted my internship in NCU You are all made up my life in Taiwan more meaningful and those unforgettable moments will go along with me forever I sincerely thank the additional members of CSRSR who have contributed to my work Last but not least, I take this opportunity to record my sense of gratitude to my families and friends who encourage and backing me unceasingly Thai Nguyen, 20/09/2018 Student Nguyen Cam Tu iv TABLE OF CONTENT List of Figures vi List of Tables vii List of Abbreviation vii PART I INTRODUCTION .1 1.1.Research rationale 1.2.Investigate the study area 1.3 Statement of Problem .4 1.4.Objectives of study .5 1.5 Significance of study 1.6 Limitation of Study PART II LITERATURE REVIEW .7 2.1.Land Use/Cover Change 2.2.Land Surface Temperature 10 2.4 Land Cover Change and Land Surface Temperature in Vietnam3.Impact of Land Cover Change on Land Surface Temperature 11 2.5 Related study on Land Cover Change and Land Surface Temperature over the world 13 PART III.METHODS 16 3.1 Material and Data 16 3.2 The objectives and the scope 17 3.3 Methodology 18 PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31 4.1 Results of Land Cover Changes 31 4.2 Change Detection 34 4.3 Results of Land Surface Temperature 44 v PART V.CONCLUSION 49 REFERENCES 51 APPENDICES5 55 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure The map of Study Area Figure Methodology of the impact of LCC on LST 18 Figure Method for Pre-Processing of remote sensing data 19 Figure Layer Stacked images of 1998(a), 2008(b) and 2017 (c) 22 Figure 5.Clip Area of Ho Chi Minh City for 1998,2008 and 2017 23 Figure Flow chart of Land Surface Temperature computation 26 Figure Land Cover Change map of 1998,2008 and 2017 30 Figure The percentage of area of each land cover changed in 1998-2017 31 Figure Change Detection of HCMC from 1998-2017 33 Figure 10 The percentage of Land Cover Change from 1998-2017 35 Figure 11 Brightness Temperature of 1998,2008 ,2017 band 10 and band 11 36 Figure 12 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index map for three diferrent year 1998,2008 and 2017 38 Figure 13 Green Vegetation Fraction of 1998,2008 and 2017 40 Figure 14 The Emissivity map for (a)1998, (b) 2008 and (c)2017 41 Figure 15 Land Surface Temperature map of 1998,2008 and 2017 43 Figure 16 The relationship between Land Cover Changes and the Mean of Land Surface Temperature in degree Celsius over two decades ( 1998-2017) 46 vii LIST OF TABLE Table Description of the satellite images used in study 16 Table Details of Landsat TM Satellite Images 20 Table Details of Landsat OLI/TIRS Satellite Images 21 Table Land Cover Classification scheme 24 Table Thermal Constants of Landsat TM and Landsat OLI/TIRS 27 Table Accuracy Assessment of Land Cover between 1998,2008 and 2017 32 Table Percent and Area of Land Cover Change Detection during the period from 1998-2017 34 Table The absorb temperature of HCMC from 1998-2017 44 Table The land cover changes on land surface temperature from 1998-2017 46 Table 10 LST validation by the meteorological temperature data 48 viii ABBREVIATION ERDAS Earth Resources Data Analysis System GIS Geographic Information System HCMC Ho Chi Minh City LCC Land Cover Change LST Land Surface Temperature LULC Land Cover Land Use NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDBI Normalized Difference Built Index OLI Operational Land Imager TM Thematic Mapper USGS United State Geological Survey ix PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Urbanization is the physical growth of rural or natural land into urban areas as a results of population immigration to an existing urban area (Jahan,2012).Urbanization is also defined by the United Nations as movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration According to Tran Thi Van el al.,2010 stated that urbanization is a main type of land use and land cover change in human history Rapid urbanization and industrialization have resulted in sharp land cover change Urban change not only impacts on land cover but also on urban climate (Tran T.Van, 2010) The growing density of population and changing economic activities are determining factors of urban land use change (P.Prabu, Mithas Ahmad Dar, 2018) The population growth and socio-economic development result rapid transportation increasing, urban expansion reached to suburban areas The increase in the world’s population recently has maximized the effects of the economic and agricultural activities The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008 (UN,2008) It is predicted that by 2050 about 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized (https://www.unfpa.org/urbanization) That is equivalent to approximately billion urbanites by 2050, much of which will occur in Africa and Asia Notably, the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2017 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities, about 1.1 billion new urbanites over the next 13 years (Barney Cohen et al.,2015) Urban areas are known to be the unhealthy areas or places for people to live ... change of Ho Chi Minh City during 1998-2017 - To estimate the impact of Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature between 1998 and 2017 - To identify the real situation of Land Cover Change in. .. Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature in Ho Chi Minh City by using TM and OLI/TIRS Landsat Imageries to monitor changes in land cover/ use and how it impacts the LST in HCMC The applied approaches... use Land Cover Change detection in monitoring and evaluating the urbanization of an area on how the area changes from the past to the previous years On the other hand, the effect of urbanization