Phân tích ẩn dụ liên nhân trong các bài diễn văn tuyên bố bằng tiếng anh theo quan điểm chức năng hệ thống

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ********* LÊ VÂN ANH A SYSTEMIC – FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF INTERPERSONAL GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH ANNOUNCEMENT SPEECHES Phân tích Ẩn dụ liên nhân diễn văn tuyên bố tiếng Anh theo quan điểm chức hệ thống M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 HANOI – 2017 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ********* LÊ VÂN ANH A SYSTEMIC – FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF INTERPERSONAL GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH ANNOUNCEMENT SPEECHES Phân tích Ẩn dụ liên nhân diễn văn tuyên bố tiếng Anh theo quan điểm chức hệ thống M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Dr NGUYỄN THỊ MINH TÂM HANOI – 2017 DECLARATION I, Lê Vân Anh, hereby certify that the thesis “A systemic-functional analysis of Interpersonal Grammatical Metaphor in English Announcement Speeches” is the result of my own research for the Degree of Master at University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, and that the substance of the thesis has not, partly or wholly, been submitted for a degree to any other universities or institutions Hanoi, 2017 Signature Lê Vân Anh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the people who assisted and always made the best conditions and environment for me to complete this thesis First of all, I would like to send my special thanks to Dr Nguyễn Thị Minh Tâm, who spent much of her valuable time supervising and guiding my study This paper would not be finished without her support and guidance Her useful suggestions and valuable critical feedback encouraged me during the process of conducting this study I am also indebted to my lecturers in both under-graduate and post-graduate faculties at University of Languages and International Studies for their precious lectures in linguistics which help me to have the basic and necessary knowledge to carry out this study Last but not least, I also owe many thanks to my family members for their great encouragement, my friends and my colleagues for their support in completing this thesis ii ABSTRACT This study investigates the realization and effects of interpersonal grammatical metaphor in political announcement speeches made by five US presidents The analytical framework of the study is based on M A K Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar theory of Interpersonal Grammatical Metaphor The data of the research is taken from the analysis of five announcement speeches made by US presidents: George H W Bush in 1991, Bill Clinton in 1999, George W Bush in 2003, Barack Obama in 2016, and Donald Trump in early 2017 The results reveal that metaphor of mood and metaphor of modality are realized in all the speeches but not much However, there is quite a balance in the times of metaphorical occurrences in all the speeches in general and in each separate speech in particular In terms of metaphor of mood, all the three moods including declarative, interrogative and imperative are employed metaphorically In terms of metaphor of modality, specifically the orientation, explicitly subjective forms of modality overtake explicitly objective forms Besides, concerning the type, modalization is adopted metaphorically more than modulation Despite the fact that interpersonal metaphor is not frequently used in the announcement speeches, it has shown its effectiveness and importance in the process of delivering the speeches iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ivi PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Purpose and significance of the study .2 2.1 Purpose of the study 2.2 Significance of the study Scope of the study .3 Design of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics 1.2 Interpersonal Metafunction 1.3 Grammatical metaphor .11 1.4 Interpersonal Grammatical Metaphor 12 1.5 Political discourse 16 1.6 Literature review 17 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY .19 2.1 Data source .19 2.2 Research questions 19 2.3 Methods of the study 19 2.4 Analytical framework .20 2.5 Data analysis procedure 22 CHAPTER 3: MAJOR FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 23 3.1 Data analysis and major findings .23 3.2 Discussion 26 iv PART C: CONCLUSION .41 Summary and major findings 41 Implications .43 2.1 To the teachers 43 2.2 To the students 44 Suggestion for further studies 45 REFERENCES 46 APPENDICES I APPENDIX I APPENDIX IV APPENDIX IX APPENDIX X APPENDIX XI APPENDIX XII APPENDIX XIII APPENDIX XXXII v LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: Speech functions and responses Figure 2: Relation of modality to polarity and mood Figure 3: System of types of modality Figure 4: System of types of orientation in modality Figure 5: Expressions of probability Figure 6: Three values of modality Figure 7: Explicitly subjective modality as grammatical metaphor 15 Figure 8: Explicitly objective modality as grammatical metaphor 15 Table 1: Modal operators Table 2: Modal adjuncts 10 Table 3: Modality: examples of „type‟ and orientation combined 14 Table 4: The subtypes of interpersonal metaphor 20 Table 5: The subtypes of modality and their realization 20 Table 6: Realization of metaphor of mood 21 Table 7: Realization of metaphor of modality 22 Table 8: Metaphor of mood in five announcement speeches 24 Table 9: Metaphor of modality in five announcement speeches 25 Table 10: Metaphor of mood and metaphor of modality in five announcement speeches 27 Table 11: Metaphorical decorative mood in five announcement speeches 28 Table 12: Metaphorical interrogative mood in five announcement speeches 30 Table 13: Metaphorical imperative mood in five announcement speeches 31 Table 14: Explicitly subjective and explicitly objective forms of modality in five announcement speeches 33 Table 15: Modalization and Modulation in metaphor of modality in five announcement speeches 36 Table 16: Mood and Metaphor of mood in five announcement speeches 38 Table 17: Modality and Metaphor of Modality in five announcement speeches 39 vi PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SFL) is an approach to language developed mainly by M.A.K Halliday in the U.K during the 1960s, and later in Australia The approach is now used world-wide, particularly in language education, and for purposes of discourse analysis While many of the linguistic theories in the world today are concerned with language as a mental process, SFL is more closely related to Sociology: it explores how language is used in social contexts to achieve particular goals In terms of data, it does not address how language is processed or represented within the human brain, but rather looks at the discourses we produce (whether spoken or written), and the contexts of the production of these texts Because it is concerned with language use, SFL places higher importance on language function (what it is used for) than on language structure (how it is composed) Halliday mentioned three kinds of metafunctions of language including ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and textual function Among these, interpersonal metafunction is the one that shows us communication purposes the most clearly – that is, to establish and maintain appropriate social links between people Therefore, the researcher has decided to choose five announcement speeches to analyze how effective interpersonal metaphor is Announcement speeches at meetings or conferences, especially at political events are always presented by influential English speakers who tactfully use their wordy power to attract their audience Therefore, announcement speeches play a very important part in orienting, inspiring, and persuading the listeners Clearly, the success of an announcement speech is the successful communication between the speaker and the listeners To achieve this interaction, many language skills have been employed in the addresses Realizing the importance of announcement speeches and the skillful communication skills of the speakers, the researcher decided to choose five announcement speeches as the object of the research Through studying these speeches, the researcher realizes that interpersonal grammatical metaphor is a linguistic feature of addresses or speeches It plays a significant role in the achievement of various communicative purposes such as making the speeches more convincing, attracting the audience‟s attention or calling for agreement from others In the light of Halliday‟s view of interpersonal grammatical metaphor, the analysis is carried out from the realization means of metaphor of mood and metaphor of modality Purpose and significance of the study 2.1 Purpose of the study The purpose of the research is to study, identify and investigate metaphor in the expression of mood and modality in five announcement speeches Simultaneously, the researcher would like to see how effective the metaphor of mood and metaphor of modality are used in these speeches The investigation is guided by the research questions:  How is metaphor in the expression of mood and modality realized in the announcement speeches?  What are the effects of interpersonal grammatical metaphor in the speeches? 2.2 Significance of the study This research, which aims to investigate the realization of mood and modality in some authentic announcement speeches, elaborates how language forms are combined with language functions to achieve various communicative purposes Therefore, a functional analysis of interpersonal grammatical metaphor can provide a new perspective for various discourse analyses Another point is that the research of interpersonal grammatical metaphor in discourse can also benefit English teachers and learners in better understanding and employing target language and thus improving the communicative competence ... VÂN ANH A SYSTEMIC – FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF INTERPERSONAL GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH ANNOUNCEMENT SPEECHES Phân tích Ẩn dụ liên nhân diễn văn tuyên bố tiếng Anh theo quan điểm chức hệ thống. .. the last part PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SFL) is a theory of language centered around the notion... been submitted for a degree to any other universities or institutions Hanoi, 2017 Signature Lê Vân Anh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the people who