Phân tích diễn ngôn – EN44

pragmatic Phản hồi Answer: semantic Source: Chapter 1, section 1.3, page 14 course book.. more implicit than Phản hồi Answer: less implicit than 1923 Source: Chapter 1, section 1.3, page

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A discourse can be of any size as long as it forms aKhông…….

Answer: a meaningful whole

Instruction: In terms of size, a discourse can be realized by a word, a phrase, a clause /sentence, a paragraph, a cluster of paragraphs, a book or even as big as

a whole library providing that it forms a meaningful whole

Source: Chapter 1, section 1.2, page 13 (course book)

Cohesion is concerned with formal surface structures (syntax and lexis) to interact with underlying …… relations or underlying

functional coherence to create textual unity.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a Syntactic

b All are correct

c semantic Câu trả lời đúng

d pragmatic

Phản hồi

Answer: semantic

According to David Nunan, (1993), … can be related, not only in terms of the idea they share, but also in terms of their functions within the discourse.

Informativity depends on the notions of …… and probability.

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Source: Chapter 1, section 1.3, page 16 (course book).

The syntax of spoken language is typically …… structured… that of written language.

a much less….than1923 Câu trả lời đúng

b much more… than

c All are correct

Câu trả lời không đúng

d as much….as

According to J R Firth, by studying conversations can we

understand………… better

a All are correct

b language and its form

c language and its function Câu trả lời đúng

d Language and its structure

Phản hồi

Answer: language and its function

Instruction: Conversations are functional language in context

Spoken language contains many ……, often simply sequences of phrases.

Answer: incomplete sentences 1923

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The writer is …… the speaker.

a as implicit as

b All are correct

c less implicit than Câu trả lời đúng

d more implicit than

Phản hồi

Answer: less implicit than 1923

Coherence is concerned with the ……… sequencing of the

arrangement of the information, the concepts and relation of the textual world which underlie and are realized by the surface text.

Instruction: Coherence is concerned with the logical sequencing of the

arrangement of the information

……… refers to the relationship between a particular text and other texts which share characteristics with it.

According to Carthy (1993), cohesion is a guide to …

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Phản hồi

Answer: coherence:

Instruction: Regarding the relationship between cohesion and coherence, the former is only a guide to the latter

Coherence is the feeling that a text …….

a hangs together Câu trả lời đúng

b belongs to a particular genre

c has a formal surface relationship

d contains information

Phản hồi

Answer: hangs together

Instruction: Coherence is something created by the reader in the act of reading the text It is the feeling that a text hangs together, that it makes sense and that

it is not just a jumble of sentences

The first official studies on discourse appeared in….

According to Halliday & Hasan, (1976), discourse is …….

a a grammatical unit

b isolated words or sentences

c a unit of language in use Câu trả lời đúng

d a unit of form

Phản hồi

Answer: a unit of language in use

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Instruction: Discourse is a unit of language in use It is not a grammatical unit, like a clause or a sentence.

Passives, it-clefts or wh-clefts are common in…….

a All are correct

b spoken language Câu trả lời đúng

c spoken and written texts

d written language

Phản hồi

Answer: spoken language 1923

Linguistically, written language tends to consist of clauses that are…….

a structurally independent

b simply structured

c All are correct

d internally complex Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

Answer: internally complex

Under the influence of Bloomfield, and then Chomsky, linguists focused on ……… problems of language for many decades.

a All are correct

b formal and structural Câu trả lời đúng

c semantic

d functional

Phản hồi

Answer: formal and structural

Instruction: During that time, under the influence of Bloomfield, and then

Chomsky, linguists only focused on formal and structural problems of language for many decades, and, for this reason, meaning was put aside

In Dell Hymes’ model of context, Code is a term which is used

instead of …….

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a evaluation of the text

b text-type

c language Câu trả lời đúng

d the time and place of a speech event

Phản hồi

Answer: language

Source: Chapter 2, section 2.3.2, page 29 (course book)

There is aKhông …… relationship between discourse and context.

The overhearers or unintended addressees are referred to as… in Dell Hymes’ model of context.

………refers to the situation giving rise to the discourse, and within which the discourse is embedded.

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The interpretation of one sentence …… without looking back at the previous sentences or referring to the coming ones.

a can be achieved

b is likely to be achieved

c is hardly achieved Câu trả lời đúng

d All are correct

Phản hồi

Answer: is hardly achieved

How many elements are there in Halliday’s model of context?

There is …… of discourse kinds which consist of only one

Answer: a small number

According to Nunan (1993) there are …… types of context

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According to J R Firth, the context consists of …….elements.

According to J R Firth, all meaning was …… .

Answer: function in context

Utterances are not only dependant on the physical context for their interpretations, they are also …… the language surrounding them.

Answer: closely related to

The topic, the purpose of the event and the setting belong to … context.

a formal

b All are correct

c non-linguisic Câu trả lời đúng

d linguistic

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Phản hồi

Answer: Non-linguistic

What does Addresser refer to in Dell Hymes’ model of context?

a Only the speaker

b Only the writer

c the speaker or the writer Câu trả lời đúng

d the hearer or the reader

Phản hồi

Answer: the speaker or the writer

According to Dell Hymes, the context consists of …… elements.

………context is the language that surrounds or accompanies the piece of discourse under analysis.

a Non-linguistic

b Experiential

c All are correct

d Linguistic Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

Answer: Linguistic

………… reference items are expressed through personal pronouns, possessive pronouns and possessive determiners.

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Grammatical cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis and ……….

The basic meaning of the …… is ‘there is something more to be said’.

Answer: additive relation

Source: Chapter 3, section 3.1.4.2, page 77 (course book)

……….is the use of one lexical item with the same meaning in more than one sentence.

What type of conjunction is ‘only’ in the following text?

I’d love to join in Only I don’t know how to play.

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d causal Câu trả lời không đúng

d anaphorically Câu trả lời đúng

The basic meaning of the …… is ‘contrary to expectation’.

Answer: verbal ellipsis

Source: Chapter 3, section 3.1.3.2.2, page 70 (course book)

Based on………, reference is classified into exophoric and endophoric reference.

a All are correct

b reference realisation

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c its function

d pointing direction Câu trả lời đúng

Why did you come home late last night? / I won’t tell you why.

The type of ellipsis that takes place after why is………

a operator and echoing ellipsis Câu trả lời không đúng

b lexical and operator ellipsis Câu trả lời đúng

c lexical and echoing ellipsis

d operator and auxiliary contrasting ellipsis

Lexical cohesion is divided into reiteration and ……….

a apposition

b subordination

c coordination Câu trả lời không đúng

d collocation Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

…… means either restating an item in a later part of the discourse

by direct repetition or else reasserting its meaning by exploiting lexical relations.

a Reiteration Câu trả lời đúng

b All are correct

c Repetition

d Collocation

Phản hồi

Answer: Reiteration

Those conjunctions like likewise, similarly, in the same way, in (just) this way express ………

a Appositive relations

b Comparative relations Câu trả lời đúng

c Complex additive relations

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d Simple additive relations

a report, modality and comparison

b comparison, modality and condition

c report, condition and modality Câu trả lời đúng

d report, comparison and condition Câu trả lời không đúng

There are ……… types of substitution.

According to Halliday & Hasan, substitution is a relation within the text on the ……… level.

…………refers to those pairs of opposites that are gradable such as thin><thick.

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a All are correct

b Personal Câu trả lời không đúng

c Demonstrative Câu trả lời đúng

Reiteration includes repetition, synonymy, antonymy, superodinate,

…… and general word.

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b Conjunction Câu trả lời đúng

c Reference

d Ellipsis Câu trả lời không đúng

……….refers to the use of nouns with general meanings to refer to some item with specific meanings.

c Adversative relation ‘proper’

d Dismissive (generalized adversative) relations

Phản hồi

Answer: Corrective relations

Which type of clausal substitution is perhaps not?

a Substitution of conditional clauses Câu trả lời không đúng

b Substitution of modalized clauses Câu trả lời đúng

c Substitution of reported clauses

d Substitution of comparative clauses

……….refers to the relation between different words bearing the same meaning or nearly the same meaning.

Clausal substitution is expressed through ……… .

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a such and so Câu trả lời không đúng

b All are correct

c such and not

d so and not Câu trả lời đúng

……… reference: points the reader/listener backwards to a

previously mentioned entity, process or state.

Nominal substitution is the use of a substitute item to replace the

……… of a corresponding noun phrase.

a Premodification

b Postmodification

c All are correct

d Head noun Câu trả lời đúng

Phản hồi

Answer: Head noun

……… expresses the relationship of identity which exists between units in discourse.

………presents a part/whole relationship.

a Synonymy

b Antonymy

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c Meronymy Câu trả lời đúng

d Superordinate

Phản hồi

Answer: Meronymy

……… refers to the association of lexical items that regularly occur.

People, object, place, creature are examples of………

Answer: General word

References to assumed, shared worlds outside the text are

d exophoric Câu trả lời đúng

What type of reference is expressed through adjectives and adverbs and serves to compare items within a text in terms of identity or similarity?

a Personal

b All are correct

c Demonstrative Câu trả lời không đúng

d Comparative Câu trả lời đúng

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Grammatical cohesion is the surface marking of …… links between clauses and sentences in written discourse, and between utterances and turns in speech.

a semantic Câu trả lời đúng

b All are correct

c pragmatic

d syntactic

Phản hồi

Answer: semantic

………… reference points the reader or listener forwards.

It’s the way I like to go to work One person and one line of enquiry

at a time Otherwise, there’s a muddle.

In the above text, otherwise is aKhông……… conjunction.

b anaphoric Câu trả lời đúng

c All are correct

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Source: Chapter 3, section 3.2.1.2, page 90 (course book).

Which is NOT an IFID?

a illocutionary Câu trả lời đúng

b All are correct

c locutionary

d perlocutionary

Phản hồi

Câu trả lời đúng là:

So, to cut a long story short, we grabbed our stuff and ran.

In the above sentence, to cut a long story short is …….

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Source: Chapter 4, section 4.3.2, page 108 (course book).

A presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the case

AKhông ……… act is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying something.

d All are correct

Performative verb is a verb that ………… names the illocutionary act being performed.

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Presuppositions ……… under negation.

a remain constant

b sometimes change Câu trả lời không đúng

c None is correct

d always change Câu trả lời không đúng

Bert: Do you like ice-cream?

Ernie: Is the Pope Catholic.

Which maxim is violated in the above text?

a The event will not have a beneficial effect

b The event will not happen by itself Câu trả lời không đúng

c The future event will be a future act of the speaker

d The utterance changes the speaker’s state from non-obligation to obligation

……… state(s) the ‘essence’ of the act, i.e., that the utterance

‘counts as’ speech act x or y or z.

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