10 BUỔI lấy gốc buổi 5 câu bị động điều kiện mong ước so sánh

Modal verbs should/ must/ can/ could/ may/ might/… + Vbare should/ must/ can/ could/ may/ might/… + be + Ved/V3 Be going to be going to + Vbare be going to + be + Vbare Future perfect

10 BUỔI LẤY GỐC TIẾNG ANH THPT 2020

GV: Chí Châu

I PASSIVE SENTENCES – CÂU B Ị ĐỘNG

a Forming the passive – Thành l ập câu bị động

 In the passive, the _ of the active verb becomes the of the passive verb

E.g

Active sentence: Tommy helped the old man

Subject:

Verb :

Object :

→ _ was helped by

 Only transitive verbs (?) are used in the passive It is not possible to use intransitive verbs (happen,

sleep, come, seem)

(?) Transitive verbs are verbs that can be followed by an object

E.g An accident happened

b Passive transformation – Chuy ển sang câu bị động

Passive: S be V3/Ved by so/ sth

Be + Ved/V3

Simple present V/Ves/s am/ is/ are + Ved/V3

Present

progressive

Present perfect has/ have + Ved/V3 has/ have been + Ved/V3

Simple past Ved/V2 was/ were + Ved/V3

Past progressive was/ were + Ving was/ were + being + Ved/V3

Past perfect had + Ved/V3 had + been + Ved/V3

Simple future will + Vbare will + be + Ved/V3

In a passive sentence, the subject does not perform the action in the sentence In fact, the

action is performed on it.”

Modal verbs should/ must/ can/ could/ may/

might/… + Vbare

should/ must/ can/ could/ may/

might/… + be + Ved/V3

Be going to be going to + Vbare be going to + be + Vbare

Future perfect will have + Ved/V3 will have + been + Ved/V3

In the question form of passive verbs, an auxiliary verb precedes the subject

Was the boy helped by Marry?

Is the boy being helped by Mary?

Has the boy been helped by Mary?

EXERCISE 1: Fill in the blanks to form passive sentences

Question 1: Tom opens the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 2: Tom is opening the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 3: Tom has opened the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 4: Tom opened the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 5: Tom was opening the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 6: Tom had opened the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 7: Tom will open the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 8: Tom is going to open the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 9: Tom will have opened the door → The door _ by Tom

Question 10: Is Tom opening the door? → the door _ by Tom

Question 11: Did Tom open the door? → the door _ by Tom

Question 12: Has Tom opened the door? → the door _ by Tom

EXERCISE 2: Change the active to passive if possible Some verbs are intransitive and cannot be

changed

Question 1: Our plan succeeded at last →

Question 2: The assistant manager interviewed me →

Question 3: Lighting didn’t cause the fire →

Question 4: Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.→

Question 5: Did the army surround the enemy? →

c Using the passive – dùng d ạng bị động

- Dạng bị động thường được dùng nhiều nhất khi ta không biết hoặc không biết chính xác người đang thực

hiện hành động

E.g Oil has been discovered at the North Pole

- Khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh người hoặc vật tiếp nhận hành động

E.g This ancient building was built in 1400

II CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES

a Conditional sentences

 Type 0: Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 0 dùng để diễn đạt những sự thật tổng quan, những dữ kiện khoa học luôn luôn xảy ra với một điều kiện nhất định

If clause Main clause

Simple present Simple present Câu mệnh lệnh

If you heat ice, it turns into water

If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up

If he comes, call me = call me if he comes

 Type 1: Câu điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

If he runs, he will het there on time

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail

 Dạng đặc biệt/ biến thể

Simple

present

May/might Can/ may Must/should

Khả năng Cho phép Khuyên bảo

If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be diverted

If you finish your homework, you can go out

If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread

Present

continuous Simple future

Nhấn mạnh hành động đang diễn ra

ở hiện tại

If you are looking for Peter, you will find him upstairs

Present

Perfect

Simple future May/might

Nhấn mạnh hành động đã kết thúc/hoàn thành trước 1 hành động khác

If you have finished, you may go out

If clause Main clause

Simple present Simple future

 Type 2:Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

Simple Past

 Fact → Conditional sentence

Fact: I don’t have a map (Hiện tại)

→ If I had a map, I would lend it to you

 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2

If I were you, I’d plant around the house (I’m not you)

→ _ , I’d plant around the house

→ If I , I’d plant around the house

If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work (I don’t live near my office)

→ Were he _ near his office, I’d be in time for work

 Type 3: Câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

 Fact → Conditional sentence

He helped me (QK), I won the prize

→ If he hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have won the prize

If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him

→ Fact:

If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam

→ Fact:

 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3

If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened

→ Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened

If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam

→ _, I couldn’t pass the exam

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences

1 If I the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead

2 We’ll have to go without John if he soon

A won’t arrive B will arrive C arrives D doesn’t arrive

3 If you your homework, I _ you watch TV

A won’t do/ let B did/ won’t let C don’t do/ won’t let D won’t do/ don’t let

4 If you _ this switch, the computer _ on

A press/ comes B will press/ comes C press/ can come D have pressed/ will comes

5 “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks If I cake, I fat.”

A ate/ will get B ate/ would get C would eat/could get D am eating/ will get

6 Pam broke her arm in the accident It _ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt

7 “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _ you, I _ my job.”

A were/ would have quit B am/ will quit

8 “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “ _ you, I _ it ”

A if I had been/ would have taken B should I be/ will take

C if I were/ would have taken D if I were/ would take

9 If you _ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there

10 The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled If she _ absent again tomorrow, class tomorrow, too

A is/ will cancel B is/ will be canceled

C was/ would be canceled D was/ would cancel

11 If he me, I’ll be ready to help him

A ask B will ask C asks D to ask

12 When winter comes, I a new coat

A buying B buy C will buy D buys

13 What would Tom do if he the truth?

A would know B has known C knows D knew

14 If I you, I wouldn’t do that

A be B were C was D had been

15 If I had been absent from class yesterday, I the math test

A would missed B would have missed C will miss D miss

III WISH SENTENCES – CÂU MONG ƯỚC

(?) When do we use wish sentences?

A wish about

the future

My friend will not tell me the secret

I cannot go to school tomorrow

I wish (that) my friends would tell me the

secret

I wish (that) I could go to school tomorrow

A wish about

the present

I don’t know the first answer in the

examination this morning

This corporation’s infrastructures

haven’t been improved yet

It is raining heavily at the moment

I wish (that) I knew the first answer in the

examination this morning

I wish (that) this corporation’s infrastructures

had been improved

I wish (that) it weren’t raining heavily at the

moment

A wish about

the past

Jimmy didn’t attend class yesterday I wish (that) Jimmy had attended class

yesterday

EXCERCISE 1: Complete the sentence with an appropriate auxiliary verb

Question 1: I am not rich, but I wish Question 2: My teacher didn’t explain about it, but I wish _ Question 3: The sun isn’t shining, but I wish right now Question 4: I don’t have a car, but I wish Question 5: I can’t speak English fluently, but I wish Question 6: I’m not living in a densely-populated city, but I wish _ Question 7: She isn’t old enough to get married, but she wishes Question 8: They didn’t go to the movie, but they wish _

IV COMPARISION OF ADJETIVES AND ADVERBS - CÂU SO SÁNH

a Positive form – So sánh b ằng

 Công th ức: As + adj/adv + as

E.g

He is as tall as me = He is as tall as I am

He works as hard as me = He works as hard as I do

 as + adj + noun + as

E.g

I earn as much money as him

There are as many cats in my room as in his room

“Wish is used when the speaker wants reality to be different, to be opposite.”

 Trong so sánh “không bằng” ta có thể dùng so as thay cho as as

E.g

I am not so/as tall as you

He doesn't works as/so hard as me

EXERCISE

Question 1: The blue car is……….……….… the red car (fast)

Question 2: Peter is ……….……… ……Fred (not/tall)

Question 3: The violin is………… ……….………the cello (not/low)

Question 4: This copy is ……….……… the other one (bad)

Question 5: Oliver is ……… ……….Peter (optimistic)

Question 6: Today is ……… yesterday (not/windy)

Question 7: The tomato soup was………….……… the mushroom soup (delicious)

Question 8: Grapefruit juice is……….…… lemonade (not/sweet)

Question 9: Tom has……… (almost/ money) John

Question 10: Peter……… … (not/have/children) John

Question 11: Tom ……… (not/drive/dangerously) John

Question 12: Mrs Jones……….…… Mrs Smith (talk/loudly)

Question 13: Steve……….…Melisa (not/do/well)

Question 14: The impala run ……… the cheetah (not/run/fast)

Question 15: Tom ……… John (funny)

b Comparative form – So sánh hơn

• Công th ức v ới tính từ/trạng từ ngắn: Adj/Adv + er + than

E.g

I am taller than him = He isn’t so tall as me

I work harder than him = He doesn’t work as hard as me

• Công th ức với tính từ/trạng từ dài: More + Adj/Adv + than

E.g

I am more beautiful than her

She dances more beautifully than me

• Tính từ/ Trạng từ dài là những tính từ/trạng từ có từ 2 âm tiết trở lên

 Lưu ý:

Tuy narrow, clever và quiet là tính từ dài (2 âm tiết) nhưng ta vẫn thêm -er cho so sánh hơn: narrower, cleverer, quieter

Những tính t ừ, trạng từ mà gốc của từ kết thúc là “y” thì đổi thành “i” rồi thêm “er”:

E.g

early → earlier; easy → easier; busy → busier; happy → happier

• Những trạng từ được cấu tạo từ tính từ bằng cách thêm “ly” thì ta dùng more + adv:

E.g more slowly, more quietly, more easily, more carefully …

 Nh ững trường hợp đặc biệt:

• good/ well → better • ill/ bad/ badly → worse • little → less • many/ much → more

• far→ farther/ further • old → older/ elder

Lưu ý:

• Older/ Elder:

- Khi muốn diễn đạt anh (chị) lớn, anh (chị) cả trong gia đình ta thường dùng elder brother, elder sister

- Nhưng muốn diễn đạt lớn hơn bao tuổi thì ta dùng older

E.g

My elder brother is three years older than me

Nam is Linh’s elder brother

• Farther/ Further:

- Farther: Thường được dùng để nói về khoảng cách địa lý

E.g

London is farther north than Juneau

- Further: Thường dùng với nghĩa bóng “thêm vào”, “hơn nữa”

E.g

I will give you further details later

For further information, ……

until further notice

• Cách dùng “more” và “less”:

more/less + adj/adv + than

E.g

There are more people today

He did more carefully than me

He did less carefully than me

• Ta có thể nhấn mạnh sự hơn nhiều bằng cách dùng "much/far/a lot, many, greatly, a great deal” hoặc hơn ít bằng cách thêm "a bit/ a little/ slightly" trước hình thức so sánh

E.g

I am far taller than you

This house is slightly more expensive than that one

• So sánh số lần:

Dùng so sánh bằng và số lần để trước so sánh

E.g

I am twice as heavy as you

• So sánh số lượng:

Dùng so sánh HƠN và số lượng để trước so sánh

E.g

I am 2 kg heavier than you

I am 3 years older than you

EXERCISE: Complete the sentences using a comparative form

Question 1: It’s too noisy here Would you mind moving somewhere _? (quiet)

Question 2: Our living room is so small I want it a bit _ (big)

Question 3: The national high school graduation examination is surprisingly easy I expected it to be

(different)

Question 4: You are talking too fast I wish you could talk (slow)

Question 5: Your recently results are not good I believe you can do (good)

Question 6: You’re standing too near the hot stove Please move a bit away (far) Question 7: This kind of wine is very week I would like to drink a _ (strong) one Question 8: The price was extremely cheap I supposed it should be _ (expensive) Question 9: They’ve made these chocolate bars _ (smaller)

Question 10: The situation is getting _ (bad)

Question 11: Fortunately her mother’s illness was we though at first

Question 12: Happiness and health are _ (important) materialism

Question 13: Well, as far as I’m concerned, I’m of the opinion that sport is (interest)

music

Question 14: We are not able to hear your words Could you speak a little _?(slowly) Question 15: It was (busy) usual in the downtown area today

c Superlative form – So sánh nh ất

• Công thức tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn: The Adj/ Adv + est

E.g I am the tallest student in the class

• Công thức tính từ/ trạng từ dài: The most Adj/ Adv

E.g I am the most beautiful girl in my class

• M ột số từ cần lưu ý:

 Lưu ý:

• Nếu chỉ có 2 đối tượng thì chỉ dùng so sánh hơn, so sánh nhất chỉ dùng khi có từ 3 đối tượng trở lên

• Đối tượng trong so sánh nhất đã xác định nên luôn phải có “the” ngoại trừ trường hợp có sở hữu cách

E.g This is my best book

• Nếu muốn nói nhất trong số các đối tượng thì dùng of phía sau

E.g I like Jane the most of all brothers and sisters

Of the three girls, Mary is the tallest

• So sánh hơn nhất hay đi với cấu trúc: S + have + ever + PII:

E.g This is the most beautiful girl I have ever met

This is the best film I've ever seen

M ột số Idiom dùng so sánh hơn:

• as soon as: càng sớm càng tốt

• as well as = and

E.g I need to learn English as well as Math

 Lưu ý:

• Có thể lược bớt mệnh đề sau “than”: than expected/scheduled/anticipated

E.g

I did the exam better than I had expected

= I did the exam better than expected

• at the latest: là muộn nhất

E.g You should submit by Friday at the latest

• at least: ít nhất

E.g You should study at least 4 courses to get mark 10

d Double comparatives – So sánh kép

• D ạng 1: Một chủ ngữ (càng ngày càng)

 Với tính từ/trạng từ ngắn:

S + V + adj-er + and + adj-er

E.g

It is hotter and hotter

 Với tính từ/trạng từ dài:

S + V + more and more + adj/ adv

S + V + less and less + adj/ adv

E.g

The exams are more and more difficult

He becomes less and less industrious

• D ạng 2: 2 chủ ngữ (càng…càng)

The + so sánh hơn + S + V, the + so sánh hơn + S + V

E.g

The hotter it is, the more unpleasant I feel

The younger you are, the easier it is to learn

The more you study, the higher your results are