10 BUỔI lấy gốc buổi 5 câu bị động điều kiện mong ước so sánh

10 BUỔI LẤY GỐC TIẾNG ANH THPT 2020 GV: Chí Châu MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CÂU CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH I PASSIVE SENTENCES – CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG In a passive sentence, the subject does not perform the action in the sentence In fact, the action is performed on it.” a Forming the passive – Thành lập câu bị động  In the passive, the _ of the active verb becomes the of the passive verb E.g Active sentence: Tommy helped the old man Subject: Verb : Object : → _ was helped by  Only transitive verbs (?) are used in the passive It is not possible to use intransitive verbs (happen, sleep, come, seem) (?) Transitive verbs are verbs that can be followed by an object E.g An accident happened b Passive transformation – Chuyển sang câu bị động Active: S V O Passive: S be V3/Ved by so/ sth Tense Active Passive Be + Ved/V3 Simple present V/Ves/s am/ is/ are + Ved/V3 Present am/ is/ are + Ving am/ is/ are + being + Ved/V3 Present perfect has/ have + Ved/V3 has/ have been + Ved/V3 Simple past Ved/V2 was/ were + Ved/V3 Past progressive was/ were + Ving was/ were + being + Ved/V3 Past perfect had + Ved/V3 had + been + Ved/V3 Simple future will + Vbare will + be + Ved/V3 progressive Modal verbs should/ must/ can/ could/ may/ should/ must/ can/ could/ may/ might/… + Vbare might/… + be + Ved/V3 Be going to be going to + Vbare be going to + be + Vbare Future perfect will have + Ved/V3 will have + been + Ved/V3 In the question form of passive verbs, an auxiliary verb precedes the subject Was the boy helped by Marry? Is the boy being helped by Mary? Has the boy been helped by Mary? EXERCISE 1: Fill in the blanks to form passive sentences Question 1: Tom opens the door → The door _ by Tom Question 2: Tom is opening the door → The door _ by Tom Question 3: Tom has opened the door → The door _ by Tom Question 4: Tom opened the door → The door _ by Tom Question 5: Tom was opening the door → The door _ by Tom Question 6: Tom had opened the door → The door _ by Tom Question 7: Tom will open the door → The door _ by Tom Question 8: Tom is going to open the door → The door _ by Tom Question 9: Tom will have opened the door → The door _ by Tom Question 10: Is Tom opening the door? → the door _ by Tom Question 11: Did Tom open the door? → the door _ by Tom Question 12: Has Tom opened the door? → the door _ by Tom EXERCISE 2: Change the active to passive if possible Some verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed Question 1: Our plan succeeded at last → Question 2: The assistant manager interviewed me → Question 3: Lighting didn’t cause the fire → Question 4: Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.→ Question 5: Did the army surround the enemy? → c Using the passive – dùng dạng bị động - Dạng bị động thường dùng nhiều ta không biết xác người thực hành động E.g Oil has been discovered at the North Pole - Khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh người vật tiếp nhận hành động E.g This ancient building was built in 1400 II CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES a Conditional sentences  Type 0: Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn đạt thật tổng quan, kiện khoa học luôn xảy với điều kiện định If clause Main clause Simple present Simple present Câu mệnh lệnh If you heat ice, it turns into water If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up If he comes, call me = call me if he comes  Type 1: Câu điều kiện xảy tương lai If clause Main clause Simple present Simple future If he runs, he will het there on time The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail  Dạng đặc biệt/ biến thể If clause Main clause Use Example If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be Simple present May/might Khả diverted Can/ may Cho phép If you finish your homework, you can go out Must/should Khuyên bảo If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread Present continuous Nhấn mạnh hành Simple future động diễn If you are looking for Peter, you will find him upstairs Nhấn mạnh hành Present Simple future Perfect May/might động kết thúc/hoàn thành trước hành động khác If you have finished, you may go out  Type 2: Câu điều kiện khơng có thật If clause Main clause Simple Past Would/could/should/may/might + Inf (to be were)  Fact → Conditional sentence Fact: I don’t have a map (Hiện tại) → If I had a map, I would lend it to you  Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại If I were you, I’d plant around the house (I’m not you) → _ , I’d plant around the house → If I , I’d plant around the house If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work (I don’t live near my office) → Were he _ near his office, I’d be in time for work  Type 3: Câu điều kiện khơng có thật q khứ If clause Main clause Past perfect would / could / might/should + have +P.P  Fact → Conditional sentence He helped me (QK), I won the prize → If he hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have won the prize If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him → Fact: If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam → Fact:  Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened → Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam → _, I couldn’t pass the exam Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences If I the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead A miss B will miss C missed D had missed We’ll have to go without John if he soon A won’t arrive B will arrive C arrives D doesn’t arrive If you your homework, I _ you watch TV A won’t do/ let B did/ won’t let C don’t do/ won’t let D won’t do/ don’t let If you _ this switch, the computer _ on A press/ comes B will press/ comes C press/ can come D have pressed/ will comes “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks If I cake, I fat.” A ate/ will get B ate/ would get C would eat/could get D am eating/ will get Pam broke her arm in the accident It _ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt A will be B would have been C was D were “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _ you, I _ my job.” A were/ would have quit B am/ will quit C was/ must quit D were/ would quit “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “ _ you, I _ it ” A if I had been/ would have taken B should I be/ will take C if I were/ would have taken D if I were/ would take If you _ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there A didn’t tell B wouldn’t have told C hadn’t told D had told 10 The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled If she _ absent again tomorrow, class tomorrow, too A is/ will cancel B is/ will be canceled C was/ would be canceled D was/ would cancel 11 If he me, I’ll be ready to help him A ask B will ask C asks D to ask 12 When winter comes, I a new coat A buying B buy C will buy D buys 13 What would Tom if he the truth? A would know B has known C knows 14 If I you, I wouldn’t that A be B were C was D had been 15 If I had been absent from class yesterday, I the math test A would missed B would have missed C will miss D miss D knew III WISH SENTENCES – CÂU MONG ƯỚC (?) When we use wish sentences? “Wish is used when the speaker wants reality to be different, to be opposite.” TRUE STATEMENT A wish about WISH SENTENCE My friend will not tell me the secret I wish (that) my friends would tell me the the future secret I cannot go to school tomorrow I wish (that) I could go to school tomorrow A wish about I don’t know the first answer in the I wish (that) I knew the first answer in the the present examination this morning examination this morning This corporation’s infrastructures I wish (that) this corporation’s infrastructures haven’t been improved yet had been improved It is raining heavily at the moment I wish (that) it weren’t raining heavily at the moment A wish about Jimmy didn’t attend class yesterday I wish (that) Jimmy had attended class the past yesterday EXCERCISE 1: Complete the sentence with an appropriate auxiliary verb Question 1: I am not rich, but I wish Question 2: My teacher didn’t explain about it, but I wish _ Question 3: The sun isn’t shining, but I wish right now Question 4: I don’t have a car, but I wish Question 5: I can’t speak English fluently, but I wish Question 6: I’m not living in a densely-populated city, but I wish _ Question 7: She isn’t old enough to get married, but she wishes Question 8: They didn’t go to the movie, but they wish _ IV COMPARISION OF ADJETIVES AND ADVERBS - CÂU SO SÁNH a Positive form – So sánh  Công thức: As + adj/adv + as E.g He is as tall as me = He is as tall as I am He works as hard as me = He works as hard as I  as + adj + noun + as E.g I earn as much money as him There are as many cats in my room as in his room  Trong so sánh “không bằng” ta dùng so as thay cho as as E.g I am not so/as tall as you He doesn't works as/so hard as me EXERCISE Question 1: The blue car is…………….……………………….… the red car (fast) Question 2: Peter is …………………………….……………… ……Fred (not/tall) Question 3: The violin is………… …………………….………the cello (not/low) Question 4: This copy is ………………………….…………… the other one (bad) Question 5: Oliver is …………………………………… ……….Peter (optimistic) Question 6: Today is ……………………………………… yesterday (not/windy) Question 7: The tomato soup was………….……… the mushroom soup (delicious) Question 8: Grapefruit juice is………………………….…… lemonade (not/sweet) Question 9: Tom has……………………………………… (almost/ money) John Question 10: Peter……………………………………… … (not/have/children) John Question 11: Tom ……………………………………… (not/drive/dangerously) John Question 12: Mrs Jones……………………………….…… Mrs Smith (talk/loudly) Question 13: Steve…………………………………………….…Melisa (not/do/well) Question 14: The impala run ……………………………… the cheetah (not/run/fast) Question 15: Tom ……………………………………………………… John (funny) b Comparative form – So sánh • Cơng thức với tính từ/trạng từ ngắn: Adj/Adv + er + than E.g I am taller than him = He isn’t so tall as me I work harder than him = He doesn’t work as hard as me • Cơng thức với tính từ/trạng từ dài: More + Adj/Adv + than E.g I am more beautiful than her She dances more beautifully than me • Tính từ/ Trạng từ dài tính từ/trạng từ có từ âm tiết trở lên  Lưu ý: Tuy narrow, clever quiet tính từ dài (2 âm tiết) ta thêm -er cho so sánh hơn: narrower, cleverer, quieter Những tính từ, trạng từ mà gốc từ kết thúc “y” đổi thành “i” thêm “er”: E.g early → earlier; easy → easier; busy → busier; happy → happier • Những trạng từ cấu tạo từ tính từ cách thêm “ly” ta dùng more + adv: E.g more slowly, more quietly, more easily, more carefully …  Những trường hợp đặc biệt: • good/ well → better • ill/ bad/ badly → worse • little → less • many/ much → more • far→ farther/ further • old → older/ elder Lưu ý: • Older/ Elder: - Khi muốn diễn đạt anh (chị) lớn, anh (chị) gia đình ta thường dùng elder brother, elder sister - Nhưng muốn diễn đạt lớn bao tuổi ta dùng older E.g My elder brother is three years older than me Nam is Linh’s elder brother • Farther/ Further: - Farther: Thường dùng để nói khoảng cách địa lý E.g London is farther north than Juneau - Further: Thường dùng với nghĩa bóng “thêm vào”, “hơn nữa” E.g I will give you further details later For further information, …… until further notice • Cách dùng “more” “less”: more/less + adj/adv + than E.g There are more people today He did more carefully than me He did less carefully than me • Ta nhấn mạnh nhiều cách dùng "much/far/a lot, many, greatly, a great deal” cách thêm "a bit/ a little/ slightly" trước hình thức so sánh E.g I am far taller than you This house is slightly more expensive than that one • So sánh số lần: Dùng so sánh số lần để trước so sánh E.g I am twice as heavy as you • So sánh số lượng: Dùng so sánh HƠN số lượng để trước so sánh E.g I am kg heavier than you I am years older than you EXERCISE: Complete the sentences using a comparative form Question 1: It’s too noisy here Would you mind moving somewhere _? (quiet) Question 2: Our living room is so small I want it a bit _ (big) Question 3: The national high school graduation examination is surprisingly easy I expected it to be (different) Question 4: You are talking too fast I wish you could talk (slow) Question 5: Your recently results are not good I believe you can (good) Question 6: You’re standing too near the hot stove Please move a bit away (far) Question 7: This kind of wine is very week I would like to drink a _ (strong) one Question 8: The price was extremely cheap I supposed it should be _ (expensive) Question 9: They’ve made these chocolate bars _ (smaller) Question 10: The situation is getting _ (bad) Question 11: Fortunately her mother’s illness was we though at first Question 12: Happiness and health are _ (important) materialism Question 13: Well, as far as I’m concerned, I’m of the opinion that sport is (interest) music Question 14: We are not able to hear your words Could you speak a little _?(slowly) Question 15: It was (busy) usual in the downtown area today c Superlative form – So sánh • Cơng thức tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn: The Adj/ Adv + est E.g I am the tallest student in the class • Cơng thức tính từ/ trạng từ dài: The most Adj/ Adv E.g I am the most beautiful girl in my class • Một số từ cần lưu ý: Adj/adv Adj/adv Superlatives Good/well Better The best ill/bad/badly Worse The worst Little Less The least Many/much More The most Far Farther/further The farthest/furthest Old Older/elder The oldest/eldest  Lưu ý: • Nếu có đối tượng dùng so sánh hơn, so sánh dùng có từ đối tượng trở lên • Đối tượng so sánh xác định nên ln phải có “the” ngoại trừ trường hợp có sở hữu cách E.g This is my best book • Nếu muốn nói số đối tượng dùng of phía sau E.g I like Jane the most of all brothers and sisters Of the three girls, Mary is the tallest • So sánh hay với cấu trúc: S + have + ever + PII: E.g This is the most beautiful girl I have ever met This is the best film I've ever seen Một số Idiom dùng so sánh hơn: • as soon as: sớm tốt • as well as = and E.g I need to learn English as well as Math  Lưu ý: • Có thể lược bớt mệnh đề sau “than”: than expected/scheduled/anticipated E.g I did the exam better than I had expected = I did the exam better than expected • at the latest: muộn E.g You should submit by Friday at the latest • at least: E.g You should study at least courses to get mark 10 d Double comparatives – So sánh kép • Dạng 1: Một chủ ngữ (càng ngày càng)  Với tính từ/trạng từ ngắn: S + V + adj-er + and + adj-er E.g It is hotter and hotter  Với tính từ/trạng từ dài: S + V + more and more + adj/ adv S + V + less and less + adj/ adv E.g The exams are more and more difficult He becomes less and less industrious • Dạng 2: chủ ngữ (càng…càng) The + so sánh + S + V, the + so sánh + S + V E.g The hotter it is, the more unpleasant I feel The younger you are, the easier it is to learn The more you study, the higher your results are EXERCISE: Complete the sentences, using the structure …er and er or more and more The you study for these exams, the you will A hard – better B harder - more successfully C much – better D more – good She doesn't really like vodka, so the a bottle you find, the it will be for us! A small – cheaper B smaller – cheap C smaller – good D smaller – cheaper My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that the it is at night, the he plays his music! A later - more loud B late – louder C later – louder D more late – loud He spent a year in India and loves spicy food The the food is, the he likes it A hotter – more B hot – much C hotter – much D hot – more Of course you can come to the party! The the A more – merrier B more – good C many – better D more – best She will be really angry about that vase being broken! The she knows about it, the A more – better B less – better C worse – worse D worse – better He has large dogs to protect his house The the dog, the he feels A big – safer B biger – safer C bigger – safer D more big - more safe Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most The he becomes, the he is A more rich – happier B richer – happyer C richer – happier D richest – happiest You must drive slower in built up areas The you drive in the city, the it is that you will have an accident A faster – probable B quicker – probably C faster - more probably D quicker - more probable