DANH ĐỘNG từ và ĐỘNG từ NGUYÊN mẫu

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU  We enjoy playing tennis playing được dùng làm tân ngữ của động từ enjoy - Tân ngữ của giới từ:  He’s excited about playing tennis playi

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU

 We enjoy playing tennis (playing được dùng làm tân ngữ của động từ enjoy)

- Tân ngữ của giới từ:

 He’s excited about playing tennis (playing được dùng làm tân ngữ của giới từ about)

II Cách sử dụng

1 Các động từ thường theo sau bởi động danh từ

admit * (thừa nhận) appreciate (đánh giá cao)

delay (trì hoãn) detest (căm ghét)

dread (ghê sợ) escape (trốn khỏi)

fancy* (tưởng tượng) forgive (tha thứ)

involve (dính líu, liên quan) mind (phản đối)

pardon (tha thứ) practice (thực hành)

propose* (đưa ra, đề nghị) remember* (nhớ lại)

resist (chống lại) save (sb the trouble of) (cứu nguy)

suggest* (đề nghị) anticipate* (đoán trước)

avoid (tránh) defer (hoãn)

deny * (từ chối) dislike (không thích)

enjoy (thích thú) excuse (tha lỗi)

finish (hoàn tất) imagine * (tưởng tượng)

keep (tiếp tục) mean* (= involve)

miss (bỏ lỡ) postpone (trì hoãn)

prevent (ngăn chặn) recollect * (hồi tưởng)

risk (mạo hiểm) stop (= cease)

understand* (hiểu) consider * (xem xét)

Ex:

 He admitted taking the money (Anh ta thừa nhận lấy tiền)

 Avoid over-eating (Hãy ăn quá nhiều) Would you consider selling the property? (Anh có nghĩ đến việc bán tài sản không?)

 He detests writing letters (Anh ta ghét viết thư) She dreads getting old (Cô ta sợ tuổi già)

 Do you enjoy teaching? (Anh có thích đi dạy không?)

2 Các thành ngữ theo sau bởi danh động từ:

can’t bear, can’t face, can’t stand, can’t help, can’t resist, feel like, It’s no use/good, It’s (not) worth, There’s no pint,…

Ex:

 She tried to be serious but she couldn’t help laughing ( Cô ta đã cố tỏ ra nghiêm

nghị nhưng rồi cũng không nhịn được cười.)

 I didn’t feel like talking to him after what had happened.( Sau những gì đã xảy ra tôi

không muốn nói chuyện với anh ta nữa.)

 It’s no use reading this kind of book ( Đọc loại sách này chẳng ích lợi gì.)

 My house isn’t far from here It’s not worth taking a taxi ( Nhà tôi cách đây không

xa Không đáng phải đi taxi.)

3 Các động từ có thể được theo sau bởi tân ngữ + danh động từ (verb + object + ing form):

catch, discover, dislike, feel, find, hear, imagine, involve, keep, mind, notice, prevent,

remember, risk, see, spend, stop, watch,…

Ex:

 Nobody can stop him doing what he wants do ( Không ai có thể ngăn anh ta làm

điều mà anh ta muốn làm.)

 Sorry to keep you waiting so long ( Xin lỗi vì đã để bạn đợi lâu.)

 I don’tn mind you going without me ( Tôi không quan tâm đến việc bạn đi mà

 She entered the room without knocking.( Cô ấy vào phòng mà không gõ cửa.)

 The thief got in by breaking a window ( Kẻ trộm vào nhà bằng cách đập cửa sổ.)

 Verb + preposition + -ing form

Ex: They are talking about building a new swimming-pool ( Họ đang bàn luận về việc

xây một hồ bơi mới.)

I’m looking forward to seeing you again ( Tôi mong đợi được gặp lại bạn.)

Laura insisted on paying for the meal ( Laura cứ nhất định đòi trả tiền bữa ăn.)

Một số động từ + giới từ ( verb + preposition) thường dùng:

Agree with consist of lead to return to object to

Approve of depend on count on result in insist on

Threaten with complain of give up succeed in mean by

Forget about go back to carry on think of

Hesitate about worry about persist in take to

Concentrate on get to plan on talk of

Confess to keep on put off believe in

Care for apologise for long for look forward to

 Verb + object + preposition + -ing form

Ex: I congratulated Ann on passing the exam.( Tôi chúc mừng Ann thi đậu.)

Please forgive me for not writing to you ( Xin hãy thứ lỗi cho tôi vì đã không viết thư cho bạn.)

 Adjective + preposition + -ing form

accustomed to He is accustomed to having his own office

anxious about Norma is anxious about making the presentation

committed to She is committed to improving her English concerned about Nancy was concerned about being late

content with Tim is content with winning second place

dedicated to The organization is dedicated to ending poverty

devoted to The money will be devoted to protecting the environment disappointed with Fiona was disappointed with coming in third place

discouraged by He was discouraged by not getting the job

excited about The researcher was excited about going to Africa

famous for That actor is famous for being extremely weird

frightened of She is frightened of being alone at night

happy about He was happy about winning the lottery

interested in She is interested in becoming a doctor

opposed to They are opposed to building a new road in the park

remembered for She is remembered for protecting mountain gorillas responsible for He is responsible for causing the damage

scared of Tina is scared of being alone at night

terrified of The surfer is terrified of being attacked by a shark

tired of Margaret is tired of making dinner every night

worried about The hikers were worried about not having enough water

5 Danh động từ có thể được dùng sau các liên từ after, although, before, since, when, while

Ex:

 I always have a shower after playing tennis ( Tôi luôn tắm sau khi chơi quần vợt.)

 You should lock the door when leaving your room ( Bạn nên khóa cửa khi ra khỏi

7 Một số các cách diễn đạt khác theo sau bởi danh động từ

have (some) problems He had some problems reading without his glasses

have a difficult time She had a difficult time hiking up the mountain

have a good time They had a good time snorkeling

have a hard time She had a hard time explaining the situation

have a problem Debbie had a problem understanding his accent

have an easy time She had an easy time selling the delicious cookies

have difficulty Wanda had difficulty translating the letter by herself

have fun The had fun skiing

have no difficulty They had no difficulty finding a discount flight to London

have no problem Francis had no problem getting from the airport to the hotel

spend one's time He always spends his time working out at the gym

waste one's time She always wastes her time playing video games

3 The rain prevented us (complete) the work

4 Fred is always complaining _(have) _a headache

5 Instead (study) , Margaret went to a ballgame with some of her friends

6 The weather is terrible tonight I don’t blame you (want, not) _to

go to the meeting

7 Who is responsible (wash) and (dry) the dishes after the dinner?

8 The thieft was accused (steal) a woman’s purse

9 I’m going to visit my family during the school vacation I’m looking

forward _(eat) _my mother’s cooking and (sleep) _in my own bed

10 I thanked my friend (lend) me lunch money

Ex 2: Use words from the table to complete each sentence

Can’t

Couldn’t

Face Help Resist Stand

Doing Feeling Having Lying noticing

1 Rita said that she was OK, but I couldn’t help noticing how upset she

look

2 I hate holidays by the sea I on the beach all day

3 I feel really full I’m afraid I a pudding with my lunch

4 I was so tired yesterday I just any house work

5 Tom’s car was stolen, but as he left it unlocked, I it’s his own fault

Ex 3: Write the correct form of a verb from the list

Do lie locate look play watch

1 A: How was the picnic?

B: Great! We had a lot of fun volleyball on the beach

2 A: What’s the matter with Kathy?

B: She’s very depressed She spends all day in bed, and she cries easily

3 A: Oh, wow! You actually got in touch with Mr Gordon, our grade English teacher

twelfth-B: Yes, I had a hard time him, but I discoverd that he was living in a retirement home in Florida

4 A: George got tired? Really? Why?

B: The boss caught him through her private papers in her files

5 A: Do you ever see Wilma these days?

B: No She spend all her time research for her PhD

6 A: Lillian doesn’t let her children waste time TV

B: It’s not all bad There are many good educational programs

2 can’t stand lying

3 couldn’t/ can’t resist having

4 couldn’t face doing

5 can’t help feeling

Ex 3:

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU

BUỔI 2: ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO

C LÝ THUYẾT

 Động từ nguyên mẫu có to ( to-infinitive):

Động từ nguyên mẫu có to có thể được dùng làm:

- Chủ ngữ của câu ( subject of a sentence)

 To lean out of the windown is dangerous ( Nhoài người ra ngoài của sổ

thì thật là nguy hiểm.)

 To wait for people who were late made him angry ( Đợi chờ những người

đến trễ đã làm cho ông ta nổi cáu.)

- Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ ( subject complement)

Hình thức nguyên mẫu có to ( to-infinitive) có thể được dùng sau be như một hình

thức bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ ( subject complement)

 What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand ( Những

gì tôi thích là bơi lội ở biển rồi sau đó nằm trên bãi cát ấm.)

 His plan was to keep the affair secret ( Chủ định của anh ấy là giữ kín

chuyện.)

- Tân ngữ của động từ ( object of a verb)

Hình thức nguyên mẫu có to có thể được dùng như một tân ngữ trực tiếp sau các

động từ:

Afford care determine help manage pretend seem

Agree cease demand hesitate mean prepare strive

Arrange choose desire hope need promisetend Ask claim expect intend neglect propose Threaten Attempt come fail learn offer

refuse try

Continue bear fear like omit regret want Beg decide forget long plan start wish Begin deserve hate love prefer swear

 She agree to pay £50 ( Cô ấy đồng ý trả 50 bảng.)

 It was late, so we decide to take a taxi home ( Vì đã trễ nên chúng

tôi quyết định đi taxi về nhà.)

 He manage to put the fire out ( Anh ta đã tìm được cách dập tắt

lửa.)

 The little girl seem to be crying ( Hình như cô bé đang khóc.)

- Hình thức nguyên mẫu có to cũng có thể được dùng sau các cụm động từ như:

to make up one’s mind, to take care, to take the trouble, to make sure…

 I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor ( Tôi đã quyết định trở thành bác sĩ.)

 Take care not to drink to much.( Hãy cẩn thận đừng có uống quá nhiều

rượu.)

- Tân ngữ của tính từ ( object of an adjective)

Hình thức nguyên mẫu có to thường được dùng sau một số tính từ diễn tả phản ứng hoặc cảm xúc của con người và nhiều tính từ thông dụng khác

(un)able content easy helpless prepared slow

Afraid crazy free horrified quick sorry

Amused curious fortunate impatient ready sufficient Annoyed dangerous furious interested relieved thankful Anxious delighted frighten keen reluctant (un)wise Ashamed determined good luckly right (un)willing Astonished difficult glad moved resolved useless

Boring distressed grateful pleased safe usual

Careful due hard (im)possible surprised wonderful

wrong

 I’m pleased to see you.( Tôi rất vui được gặp bạn)

 John was surprised to get Ann’s letter ( John ngạc nhiên khi nhận được thư Ann.)

 Be careful not to wake the children ( Hãy cẩn thận đừng làm bọn trẻ thức

- Adjective+ for + object + to-infinitive được dùng khi động từ nguyên mẫu có chủ ngữ riêng của nó Cấu trúc này được dùng để diễn tả những mong ước, cảm xúc hoặc cảm nghĩ cá nhân đối với một tình huống nào đó

 She’s anxious for the children to go home ( Bà ấy đang mong bọn trẻ về

nhà.)

 It seems unnecessary for him to start work this week ( Có vẻ như anh ấy

không cần phải bắt đầu công việc trong tuần này.)

- Adjective + of + object + to-infinitive được dùng sau một số tính từ diễn tả

cách cư xử như: brave, careless, clever, foolish, generous, good, helpful,

honest, intelligent, kind, nice, polite, silly, stupid, wrong…

 It’s kind of Melanie to put you up for the night ( Melanie thật tốt bụng

khi cho bạn trọ lại đêm.)

 It was polite of you to write and thank us ( Anh thật lịch sự khi viết thư

cảm ơn chúng tôi.)

- Bổ ngữ cho danh từ hoặc đại từ ( complement of a noun/ pronoun)

Hình thức nguyên mẫu có to có thể được dùng sau một danh từ hoặc đại từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ hoặc đại từ đó: verb + object ( noun/ pronoun) + to-infinitive

 She doen’t want anybody to know ( Cô ấy không muốn bất cứ ai biết.)

 He advised me to visit Westminster Abbey ( Anh ấy khuyên tôi nên đến

thăm Tu viện Westminster.)

 Nick couldn’t persuade Rita to go out with him ( Nick không thuyết phục

được Rita đi chơi với anh ta.)

 Một số động từ thông dụng có thể được theo sau bởi tân ngữ + đông từ

nguyên mẫu ( object + to-infinitive):

permit tempt (can’t)bear enable guess

Understand

- Trong lời nói gián tiếp ( indirected speech), động từ nguyên mẫu có to infinitive) có thể được dùng sau các nghi vấn từ: what, who, which, when,

(to-where, how,… ( nhưng thường không dùng sau why)

 I don’t know what to say ( Tôi không biết nên nói gì.)

 Can you tell me how to get to the station? ( Bạn có thể cho tôi biết đường

đến nhà ga được không?)

 We were wondering where to park the car ( Chúng tôi đang phân vân không biết phải đậu xe ở đâu.)

- Động từ nguyên mẫu có to ( to-infinitive) có thể được dùng để thay cho mệnh

đề quan hệ ( relative clause)

 The house to be demolished is very old indeed ( Ngôi nhà bị phá hủy thật

sự là rất cũ kĩ.) [= The house which was demolished…]

- Động từ nguyên mẫu có to ( to-infinitive) có thể được dùng sau một danh từ hoặc một đại từ bất định ( something, anything, somewhere…) để điễn đạt mục

đích hoặc kết quả đã dự tính

 I’m going to Austria to learn German ( Tôi sẽ đi Áo để học tiếng Đức.)

I’d like something to stop my toothache ( Tôi muốn cái gì đó có thể làm hết

đau răng.)

- Động từ nguyên mẫu có to ( to-infinitive) được dùng sau too và enough

 This suitcaseis too heavy ( for me) to lift ( Cái va li này quá nặng (tôi)

không thể nhấc nổi.)

 The apples were ripe enough to pick ( Những quả táo này đã đủ chín để

hái.)

D LUYỆN TẬP

Ex 1: Rewrite each sentence Use an infinitive phrase to make active

sentences Use the given ideas and the verbs in parentheses

1 The teacher said to me, “You may leave early.” (permit)

Ex 2: Circle the letter of all the possible completion

1 I am planning Da Lat next week

A visit B visiting C visited D to visit

2 I must go now I promised late

A not being B not to be C not being D won’t be

3 Suddenly he stopped the car in order

A smoke B to smoke C smoking D smoked

4 It was late, so we decided a taxi home

A to take B taken C taking D take

5 How old were you when you learnt ?

A how to drive B how drive C how driving D how driven

6 She always encourages her son harder

A to study B studied C study D studying

7 Don’t forget the letter I gave you

A to post B posting C post D posted

8 We expect him tomorrow

A arrive B arriving C to arrive D will arrive

9 I tried the bus, but I missed it

A catch B catching C to catch D caught

10 Remember Lan a present because today is her birthday

A send B sending C to send D sent

11 We were allowed photographs in this room

A sell B to sell C selling D sold

12 Would you like to my birthday party?

ĐÁP ÁN

Ex 1: Rewrite each sentence Use an infinitive phrase to make active

sentences Use the given ideas and the verbs in parentheses

1 The teacher said to me, “You may leave early.” (permit)

 The teacher permitted me to leave early

2 The secretary said to me, “ Please give this note to Sue” (ask)

 The secretary asked me to give this note to Sue

3 My advisor said to me, “You should take Biology 109.” (advise)

 My advisor advised me to take Biology 109

4 When I went to traffic court, the judge said to me, “ You must pay a fine.” (order)

 The judge ordered me to pay a fine

5 During the test, the teacher said to Greg, “Keep your eyes on your own paper.” (warn)

 The teacher warned Greg to keep his on his own paper

6 During the test, the teacher said to Greg, “ Don’t look at your neighbor’s

paper.” (warn)

 The teacher warned Greg not to look at his neighbor’s paper

7 Mr Lee said to the children, “ Be quite.” (tell)

 Mr Lee told the children to quite

8 When I was growing up, my parents said to me, “You may stay up late on Saturday night.” (allow)

 My parents allowed me to stay up late on Saturday night

9 The teacher said to the students, “ Speak slowly and clearly.” (encourage)

 The teacher encouraged the students to Speak slowly and clearly

10 The teacher always says to the students, “You are supposed to come to class on time.” (expect)

 The teacher expects the students to come to class on time

Ex 2:

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU

BUỔI 3: Động từ nguyên mẫu hay danh động từ

A LÝ THUYẾT

 Động từ nguyên mẫu không to ( bare-infinitive/ infinitive without to)

Động từ nguyên mẫu không to được dùng:

- Sau các trợ động từ tình thái can, could, may, might, should, shall, must, will, would,…

 We must go now.( Chúng tôi phải đi bây giờ.)

 You should stay at home.( Anh nên ở nhà.)

 I can swim across the river ( Tôi có thể bơi qua bên kia sông.)

- Sau các động từ let, make, see, hear, feel, watch, notice + tân ngữ (object)

 I saw her get off the bus ( Tôi thấy cô ta xuống xe buýt.)

 Don’t let the children stay up late ( Đừng để bọn trẻ thức khuya.)

 They made him repeat the whole story ( Họ buộc anh ấy kể lại toàn bộ câu

 She was seen to get off the bus ( Người ta thấy cô ấy xuống xe buýt.)

 He was made to repeat the whole story ( Nó bị buộc phải kể lại toàn bộ

câu chuyện.)

Let không được dùng ở dạng bị động, allow thường được dùng hơn

 After questioning he was allowed to go home ( Sau cuộc thẩm vấn, anh ta

được phép về nhà.) [ NOT… he was let to go home.]

- Sau các cụm động từ had better, would rather, had sooner,…

 You had better tell him the truth ( Tốt hơn là bạn nên cho anh ấy biết sự

thật.)

 I would rather stay at home ( Tôi thích ở nhà hơn.)

- Sau why hoặc why not

Ex: Why get upset just because of a bad mark? ( Sao lại lo lắng chỉ vì một điểm kém?) Why not stay for lunch? ( Sao không ở lại ăn trưa?)

 Động từ nguyên mẫu hay danh động từ

Các động từ có thể + TO + V-NGUYÊN THỂ hoặc + V- ING mà nghĩa KHÔNG khác nhau

begin (bắt đầu)

continue (tiếp tục)

start (bắt đầu)

prefer (thích hơn)

Các Động từ + TO + V-NGUYÊN THỂ hoặc + V-ING mà nghĩa KHÁC nhau

1 LIKE, DISLIKE, HATE, LOVE

- Các từ này nếu đi với V+ing thì thuộc thói quen lâu dài, thuộc về SỞ THÍCH, SỞ GHÉT

 I like playing football (tôi thích bóng đá)

- Các từ này nếu đi với TO V-nguyên thể thì thuộc SUY NGHĨ NHẤT THỜI

 I like to play football with them now (Tôi muốn chơi bóng đá với bọn nó bây giờ)

2 REMEMBER/ FORGET/ REGRET/ SORRY

Remember ( nhớ) và forget (quên)

Remember/forget + to-infinitive: chỉ hành động tương lai

 Please remember to return the book tomorrow ( Xin nhớ trả lại sách vào ngày

mai.)

 The clothes are still dirty because I forgot to switch on the mahine ( Quần áo vẫn

còn dơ vì tôi đã quên mở máy giặc.)

Remember/forget + verb-ing: chỉ hành động đã qua Forget + verb-ing

 Ex: I’m sure I locked the door I clearly remember locking it ( Chắc chắn là tôi

đã khóa cửa Tôi nhớ rõ ràng là tôi đã khóa.)

 I’ll never forget seeing him the first time ( Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên lần đầu

tiên tôi gặp anh ấy.)

Regret (hối tiếc)/ sorry (tiếc/xin lỗi)

Regret/ sorry + to-infinitive: thể hiện sự hối tiếc khi thông báo hoặc nghe tin đượctin xấu

 We regret/ sorry to tell you that we are unable to help you ( Chúng tôi rất tiếc

phải nói là chúng tôi không thể giúp bạn được.)

 I was sorry to hear that Mike's uncle had died (Tôi rất tiếc khi nghe tin chú của

Mike đã chết)

Regret/ sorry (for) + verb-ing: diễn đạt sự hối tiếc/ xin lỗi về điều gì đó đã xảy ra trong

quá khứ

 I regret leaving school at 14 – It was a big mistake ( Tôi cảm thấy tiếc vì nghỉ

học năm 14 tuổi – Đó là một sai lầm lớn)

 I'm sorry about making all that noise last night (Tôi xin lỗi vì đã làm ồn vào đêm

qua)

3 AFRAID OF Afraid: sợ

Afraid of + to- infinitive: sợ làm gì (chưa trải qua)

 David is afraid to climb the ladder ( David không muốn leo cầu thang vì anh ta

sợ)

Afraid of + verb-ing: sợ làm gì (đã từng trải qua rồi)

 David is afraid of falling (David sợ vì anh ta đã từng bị ngã)

(= He is afraid because he might fall)

She was afraid of getting lost (Cô ấy sợ đi lạc vì cô ấy đã từng bị lạc rồi)

3 STOP/ TRY/ GO ON/ MEAN Stop ( ngừng)

Stop + to-infinitive: chỉ mục đích, có nghĩa “ ngừng lại để làm việc gì đó”

 We stopped to rest ( Chúng tôi ngừng lại để nghỉ ngơi.)

Stop + verb-ing: có nghĩa “ ngừng hẳn làm việc gì”

 There’s too much noise Can you all stop talking, please? ( Ồn ào quá Xin tất cả

các bạn ngừng nói chuyện có được không?)

Try ( cố gắng, thử)

Try + to-infinitive: chỉ sự nỗ lực - cố gắng làm điều gì đó

 I tried to move the table, but it was too heavy ( Tôi cố dịch chuyển cái bàn,

nhưng nó quá nặng.) Try + verb-ing: chỉ sự thử nghiệm - làm điều gì đó nhằm thử nghiệm hoặc kiểm tra

 Try phoning his home number ( Thử gọi về nhà ông ta xem.)

Go on ( tiếp tục)

Go on + to-infinitive: chỉ sự thay đổi của hành động - tiếp tục làm việc gì sau khi đã làm

xong một việc khác

 After discussing the economy, the minister went on to talk about forein policy (

Sau khi thảo luận về vấn đề kinh tế, ông bộ trưởng tiếp tục nói về chính sách đối ngoại.)

Go on + verb-ing: chỉ sự liên tục của một hành động – tiếp tục làm một điều gì đó

 I can’t go on pretending that everyting is okay when it clearly isn’t ( Tôi không

thể tiếp tục làm ra vẻ mọi chuyện vẫn ổn trong khi rõ ràng là nó không ổn.)

Mean ( có ý định, có nghĩa)

Mean (+object) + to-infinitive: chỉ dự định hoặc ý định (=intend)

 Sorry, I didn’t mean to interupt you ( Xin lỗi, tôi không định ngắt lời bạn.)

Mean + verb-ing: chỉ sự liên quan hoặc kết quả (có ý nghĩa)

 Spending ll the money today means starving tomorrow.( Tiêu hết tiền hôm nay

có nghĩa là ngày mai chết đói.)

Need (cần)

Need + to-infinitive: cần làm gì (chủ động)

 You need TO CLEAN the floor (bạn cần lau sàn nhà)

Need + verb-ing: cần ĐƯỢC làm gì (bị động)

 The floor needs CLEANING (sàn nhà cần được lau)

4 BE USED TO

USED TO

Used to + infinitive: đã từng làm gì (này không còn làm nữa, thói quen trong quá khứ)

 Nick used to smoke, but he gave it up

be used to+ verb -ing: đang quen dần với việc làm gì

 I am used to getting up early

(Tôi đang quen dần với việc dạy sớm)

5 ĐỘNG TỪ CHỈ TRI GIÁC

(feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch + Sb + do/doing st)

- Dùng DO khi chủ ngữ chứng kiến trọn vẹn sự việc:

 She SAW the car HIT the boy

(cô ấy nhìn thấy chiếc xe đâm thằng bé)

- Dùng DOING khi chủ ngữ chứng kiến một phần sự việc:

 We HEARD the girl SINGING alone

(Chúng tôi nghe thấy cô gái đang hát một mình)

B LUYỆN TẬP

To-infinitive or ing-form?

1)Complete the conversation Put in a to-infinitive or ing-form

Matthew: Are we going to have a holiday this year?

Natasha: Didn't we all decide (►) to spend (spend) our holidays on a Greek island? Matthew: Lovely I enjoy (►)lying (lie) on the beach

I might manage (1) (get) a sun tan

Daniel: I'd love a holiday I can't wait (2)……….(leave) this place behind

Emma: I don't fancy (3)……… (stay) in one place all the time

I really dislike (4) (sit) on the beach all day

Natasha: Well, I don't mind (5) (tour) around somewhere Emma: Matthew, you promised (6) (go) to Scotland with me

We were planning (7) (hire) a car

Matthew: Scotland? Are you sure? But I couldn't face

(8)………(drive) all the time

Jessica: I'm afraid I can't afford (9)……… (spend) too much

accept argue be find have

insist lose plug repair say

take wait

If you buy something from a shop, a new stereo for example, you usually can't wait

(►)fo plug it in and put some music on And of course, you expect (►) to find the

equipment in working order But that doesn't always happen, unfortunately If the thing doesn't work, you should take it straight back to the shop If you delay

(1)……… it back, you will risk (2) ……… your rights

as a customer And you should prepare (3) on those rights You may

be one of those people who always avoid (4)……… with people, but in this case you should be ready for an argument The assistant may prove

(5)……… a true friend of the customer - it's not impossible – but first

he or she will probably offer (6)……… the stereo for you That's all right if you don't mind (7)……… a few weeks, but it isn't usually a good idea What you should do is politely demand (8) ……… your money back immediately You may want to accept another stereo in place of the old one, but you

don't have to You should refuse (9)……… a credit note, lust keep on (10) that you want your money back

3) Verb + object + to-infinitive or ing-form

Kitty Beamish is reporting what people have said to her She combines the two sentences into one

? 'The lorry skidded The icy road caused it.'

 The icy road caused the lorry to skid

? 'The workers might go on strike The company can't risk that.'

 The company can’t risk the workers going on strike

1 'The suspects might leave the country The police must stop that.'

2 'Congress opposed him The President didn't expect that.'

3 'The hostages lay down The terrorists forced them.'

4 'The pound is falling in value The government doesn't mind that.'

4) The infinitive with and without to

Matthew and Emma are at the railway station Emma is going away for the weekend Put

in the infinitive of the verbs You have to decide whether or not you need to Matthew: Are you sure you'll (►) be (be) all right?

Emma: Yes, of course I'm not a child I can manage (►) to look (look) after myself Matthew: OK, sorry

Emma: Some friends have invited me (1) (visit) them I'm not going

to the North Pole

Matthew: It'll be nice for you (2) (see) your old friends again I just

know you're going (3) (have) lots of fun Let me (4) (buy) you a magazine (5) (read) on the train Emma: I can't (6) (read) when I'm travelling It makes me

(7) (feel) sick, even in a train I'd rather just (8) .(look) out of the window

Matthew: OK Well, you'd better (9) (get) in I think it's about (10) (leave)

Oh, did I remind you (11) (change) at York?

Emma: Yes, Matthew, you did Don't worry, I won't (12) (forget) I know perfectly well how (13) (get) there

5) Like, love, prefer and hate

Complete the sentences using the words in brackets

► Mark: I've always wanted to visit San Francisco

Sarah: Me too I'd love to visit (I'd love) it some time

1 Harriet: Tom seems to enjoy watching football matches

David: Yes,……… (he loves) United pla

2 Trevor: I'm glad I don't work as late as Sarah does

Laura: Me too (1 wouldn't like) such long hour

3 Matthew: I think I'll go and see this new film

Emma: Can I go with you? ……… (I'd like) it

4 Rachel: Do you want to come with me or wait here?

Vicky: (I'd prefer) with you if that's OB

5 Laura: I think queuing is my least favourite activity

Tom: I agree ………… (I hate)

6 Claire: Does Mark cook for you?

Sarah: No, not often ……… (he doesn't like)

7 Reporter: Have you ever flown in a hot-air balloon?

Mrs Miles: No, but ……… ( I 'd love) in one someda;

8 Rachel: Did you say you're having your teeth looked at today?

Emma: Yes, (I like) them checked once a year

Remember, forget, regret, stop, try, go on, mean

6) Put in the to-infinitive or the ing-form of the verbs

Laura: Did you remember ( ►) to pick (pick) up those photos today?

Trevor: What photos?

Laura: Oh, no I can remember (1) (mention) it to you only this

morning

Trevor: I can't remember (2) ……… (agree) to pick up some photos

Laura: Well, don't forget (3)……… (call) at the shop for them tomorrow You've got a terrible memory Yesterday you forgot (4)……… (lock) the door

Trevor: I'm sure I didn't forget (5) (lock) it

I can clearly remember (6)……… (look) for my keys They were in my pocket

Laura: You ought to write notes to yourself to remind you

Trevor: That wouldn't be any good I'd never remember (7) ……… (look) at them!

7)Put in the to-infinitive or the ing-form of the verbs

I used to like going to our local cinema It was old and rather uncomfortable, but it had

character Now they've stopped (►) showing (show) films there The owner would like to go on

(1) ……… (run) the cinema, but he would need (2)……….(make) a lot

of improvements, which would mean

(3)………(spend) tens of thousands of pounds I remember

(4)……….(watch) the last film at the cinema It was a murder mystery It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying (5)………(work) out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch I regret (6) ……… (tell) you,' he said, 'that our

electricity has failed I don't mean

(7)……… (disappoint) you, but I'm afraid we can't show you the end of the film We've tried (8)………(phone) the electricity company, but they say they can't help.'

He went on (9)………(explain) to the audience how the film ended I didn't understand the story But I don't regret (10)……… (go) to the cinema on that last

evening

8) Used to do/ be used to doing

Put in a to-infinitive or to + ing-form Use the verbs in brackets

1 It took us ages to get used (live) in a block of flats

2 Lots of trains used (stop) here, but not many do now

3 Didn't Nick use (work) on a building site?

4 There didn't use (be) so many soap operas on television

5 I'll have an orange juice, please I'm not used……… (drink) alcohol

6 David doesn't seem to mind being in hospital I suppose he's got used

……… (be) there

7 When Laura was at college, she used (have) a picture of Elvis Presley on her bedroom wall

9)See it happen or see it happening?

There has been a bomb explosion in the city centre TV reporter Kitty Beamish is

asking people about it What did people see or hear?

? Man: The bomb exploded I heard it It was a shock

He heard the bomb explode

? Woman: A man was lying in the road I saw him He was just lying there

She saw a man lying in the road

1 Woman: The building shook I felt it I couldn't believe it

2 Man: People were shouting I heard them There was panic

3 Girl: An alarm was ringing I could hear it It went on and on

4 Boys: The police arrived We saw them They were over there

5 Man: I saw a woman She was crying She was in a terrible state

1 The police must stop the suspects leaving the country

2 The President didn't expect Congress to oppose him

3 The terrorists forced the hostages to lie down

4 The government doesn't mind the pound falling in value

2 he loves watching/to watch

2 I wouldn't like to work

3 I'd like to see

4 I'd prefer to come/go

5 I hate queuing

6 He doesn't like cooking

7 I'd love to fly