TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC ÔN TOEIC

HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Activists & People Important to Social Reform Betty Friedan, 1921-2006: A Leader in the Modern Women's Rights Movement Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link.) I'm Faith Lapidus And I'm Steve Ember with PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English Today we tell about Betty Friedan She was a powerful activist for the rights of women Betty Friedan is often called the mother of the modern women's liberation movement Her famous book, "The Feminine Mystique," changed America Some people say it changed the world It has been called one of the most influential nonfiction books of the twentieth century Friedan re-awakened the feminist movement in the United States That movement had helped women gain the right to vote in the nineteen twenties Modern feminists disagree about how to describe themselves and their movement But activists say men and women should have equal chances for economic, social and intellectual satisfaction in life Fifty years ago, life for women in the United States was very different from today Very few parents urged their daughters to become lawyers or doctors or professors Female workers doing the same jobs as men earned much less money Women often lost their jobs when they had a baby There were few child care centers for working parents Betty Friedan once spoke to ABC television about her support for sharing responsibility for the care of children: "If child-rearing was considered the responsibility of women and men or women and men and society, then we really could pull up our skirts and declare victory and move on." Betty Friedan was born Betty Goldstein in nineteen twenty-one in Peoria, Illinois Her immigrant father worked as a jeweler Her mother left her job with a local newspaper to stay home with her family Betty attended Smith College in Northhampton, Massachusetts It was one of the country's best colleges for women She finished her studies in psychology in nineteen forty-two After college she attended the University of California at Berkeley to continue her studies But her boyfriend at the time did not want her to get an advanced degree in psychology He apparently felt HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) threatened by her success So Betty left California and her boyfriend She moved to New York City and worked as a reporter and editor for labor union newspapers In nineteen forty-seven, Betty Goldstein married Carl Friedan, a theater director who later became an advertising executive They had a child, the first of three The Friedans were to remain married until nineteen sixty-nine When Betty Friedan became pregnant for the second time, she was dismissed from her job at the newspaper After that she worked as an independent reporter for magazines But her editors often rejected her attempts to write about subjects outside the traditional interests of women In nineteen fifty-seven, Friedan started research that was to have far-reaching results Her class at Smith College was to gather for the fifteenth anniversary of their graduation Friedan prepared an opinion study for the women She sent questions to the women about their lives Most who took part in the study did not work outside their homes Friedan was not completely satisfied with her life She thought that her former college classmates might also be dissatisfied She was right Friedan thought these intelligent women could give a lot to society if they had another identity besides being homemakers Friedan completed more studies She talked to other women across the country She met with experts about the questions and answers She combined this research with observations and examples from her own life The result was her book, "The Feminine Mystique," published in nineteen sixty-three The book attacked the popular idea of the time that women could only find satisfaction through being married, having children and taking care of their home Friedan believed that women wanted more from life than just to please their husbands and children The book said women suffered from feelings of lack of worth Friedan said this was because the women depended on their husbands for economic, emotional and intellectual support "The Feminine Mystique" was a huge success It has sold more than three million copies It was reprinted in a number of other languages The book helped change the lives of women in America More women began working outside the home More women also began studying traditionally male subjects like law, medicine and engineering Betty Friedan expressed the dissatisfaction of some American women during the middle of the twentieth century But she also made many men feel threatened Later, critics said her book only HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) dealt with the problems of white, educated, wealthy, married women It did not study the problems of poor white women, single women or minorities In nineteen sixty-six, Betty Friedan helped establish NOW, the National Organization for Women She served as its first president She led campaigns to end unfair treatment of women seeking jobs Friedan also worked on other issues She wanted women to have the choice to end their pregnancies She wanted to create child-care centers for working parents She wanted women to take part in social and political change Betty Friedan once spoke about her great hopes for women in the nineteen seventies: "Liberating ourselves, we will then become a major political force, perhaps the biggest political force for basic social and political change in America in the seventies." Betty Friedan led a huge demonstration in New York City for women's rights Demonstrations were also held in other cities A half-million women took part in the Women's Strike for Equality on August twenty-sixth, nineteen seventy The day marked the fiftieth anniversary of American women gaining the right to vote A year after the march, Friedan helped establish the National Women's Political Caucus She said the group got started "to make policy, not coffee." She said America needed more women in public office if women were to gain equal treatment Friedan wanted a national guarantee of that equal treatment She worked tirelessly to get Congress and the states to approve an amendment to the United States Constitution that would provide equal rights for women The House of Representatives approved this Equal Rights Amendment in nineteen seventy-one The Senate approved it the following year Thirty-eight of the fifty state legislatures were required to approve the amendment Congress set a time limit of seven years for the states to approve it This was extended to June thirtieth, nineteen eighty-two However, only thirty-five states approved the amendment by the deadline so it never went into effect The defeat of the E.R.A was a sad event for Betty Friedan, NOW and other activists In nineteen eighty-one, Betty Friedan wrote about the condition of the women's movement Her book was called "The Second Stage." Friedan wrote that the time for huge demonstrations and other such events had passed She urged the movement to try to increase its influence on American political life HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Some younger members of the movement denounced her as too conservative As she grew older, Friedan studied conditions for older Americans She wrote a book called "The Fountain of Age" in nineteen ninety-three She wrote that society often dismisses old people as no longer important or useful Friedan's last book was published in two thousand She was almost eighty years old at the time Its title was "Life So Far." Betty Friedan died on February fourth, two thousand six It was her eighty-fifth birthday Betty Friedan once told a television reporter how she wanted to be remembered: "She helps make it better for women to feel good about being women, and therefore she helped make it possible for women to more freely love men." This program was written by Jerilyn Watson It was produced by Lawan Davis I'm Faith Lapidus And I'm Steve Ember You can download a transcript and audio of this show at voaspecialenglish.com Join us again next week for PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English Cesar Chavez, 1927-1993: He Organized the First Successful Farm Workers Union in America Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link.) There is also a Listen and Read Along Flash version of this I'm Nicole Nichols And I'm Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program PEOPLE IN AMERICA Today we tell about one of the great labor activists, Cesar Chavez He organized the first successful farm workers union in American history Cesar Chavez was born on a small farm near Yuma, Arizona in 1927 In the late 19th century, Cesario Chavez, Cesar's grandfather, had started the Chavez family farm after escaping slavery on a Mexican farm Cesar Chavez spent his earliest years on this farm When he was ten years old, however, the economic conditions of the Great Depression forced his parents to give up the family farm He then became a migrant farm worker along with the rest of his family The Chavez family joined thousands of other farm workers who traveled around the state of California to harvest crops for farm owners They traveled from place to place to harvest grapes, lettuce, beets and many other crops They worked very hard and received little pay These migrant HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) workers had no permanent homes They lived in dirty, crowded camps They had no bathrooms, electricity or running water Like the Chavez family, most of them came from Mexico Because his family traveled from place to place, Cesar Chavez attended more than thirty schools as a child He learned to read and write from his grandmother Mama Tella also taught him about the Catholic religion Religion later became an important tool for Mr Chavez He used religion to organize Mexican farm workers who were Catholic Cesar's mother, Juana, taught him much about the importance of leading a non-violent life His mother was one of the greatest influences on his use of non-violent methods to organize farm workers His other influences were the Indian activist Mahatma Gandhi and American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Junior Mr Chavez said his real education began when he met the Catholic leader Father Donald McDonnell Cesar Chavez learned about the economics of farm workers from the priest He also learned about Gandhi's nonviolent political actions as well as those of other great nonviolent leaders throughout history In 1948, Mr Chavez married Helena Fabela whom he met while working in the grape fields in central California They settled in Sal Si Puedes Later, while Mr Chavez worked for little or no money to organize farm workers, his wife harvested crops In order to support their eight children, she worked under the same bad conditions that Mr Chavez was fighting against There were other important influences in his life In 1952, Mr Chavez met Fred Ross, an organizer with a workers' rights group called the Community Service Organization Mr Chavez called Mr Ross the best organizer he ever met Mr Ross explained how poor people could build power Mr Chavez agreed to work for the Community Service Organization Mr Chavez worked for the organization for about ten years During that time, he helped more than 500,000 Latino citizens to vote He also gained old-age retirement money for 50,000 Mexican immigrants He served as the organization's national director However, in 1962, he left the organization He wanted to more to help farm workers receive higher pay and better working conditions He left his well paid job to start organizing farm workers into a union Mr Chavez's work affected many people For example, the father of Mexican-American musician Zack de la Rocha spent time working as an art director for Mr Chavez Much of the political music HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) of de la Rocha's group, Rage Against the Machine, was about workers' rights, like this song, "Bomb Track." It took Mr Chavez and Delores Huerta, another former CSO organizer, three years of hard work to build the National Farm Workers Association Mr Chavez traveled from town to town to bring in new members He held small meetings at workers' houses to build support.The California-based organization held its first strike in 1965.The National Farm Workers Association became nationally known when it supported a strike against grape growers.The group joined a strike organized by Filipino workers of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee Mr Chavez knew that those who acted non-violently against violent action would gain popular support Mr Chavez asked that the strikers remain non-violent even though the farm owners and their supporters sometimes used violence One month after the strike began, the group began to boycott grapes They decided to direct their action against one company, the Schenley Corporation.The union followed grape trucks and demonstrated wherever the grapes were taken Later, union members and Filipino workers began a 25 day march from Delano to Sacramento, California, to gain support for the boycott Schenley later signed a labor agreement with the National Farm Workers Association.It was the first such agreement between farm workers and growers in the United States The union then began demonstrating against the Di Giorgio Corporation It was one of the largest grape growers in California Di Giorgio held a vote and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters was chosen to represent the farm workers But an investigation proved that the company and the Teamsters had cheated in the election Another vote was held Cesar Chavez agreed to combine his union with another and the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee was formed The farm workers elected Mr Chavez's union to represent them.Di Giorgio soon signed a labor agreement with the union Mr Chavez often went for long periods without food to protest the conditions under which the farm workers were forced to their jobs Mr Chavez went on his first hunger strike, or fast, in 1968 He did not eat for 25 days He was called a hero for taking this kind of personal action to support the farm workers The union then took action against Giumarra Vineyards Corporation, the largest producer of table grapes in the United States It organized a boycott against the company's products.The boycott extended to all California table grapes By 1970, the company agreed to sign contracts A number of other growers did as well By this time the grape strike had lasted for five years It was the longest HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) strike and boycott in United States labor history Cesar Chavez had built a nationwide coalition of support among unions, church groups, students, minorities and other Americans By 1973, the union had changed its name to the United Farm Workers of America It called for another national boycott against grape growers as relations again became tense By 1975, a reported 17 million Americans were refusing to buy non-union grapes.The union's hard work helped in getting the Agricultural Labor Relations Act passed in California, under Governor Jerry Brown It was the first law in the nation that protected the rights of farm workers By the 1980s, the UFW had helped tens of thousands of farm workers gain higher pay, medical care, retirement benefits and better working and living conditions.But relations between workers and growers in California worsened under a new state government Boycotts were again organized against the grape industry.In 1988, at the age of sixty-one, Mr Chavez began another hunger strike That fast lasted for thirty-six days and almost killed him The fast was to protest the poisoning of grape workers and their children by the dangerous chemicals growers used to kill insects In 1984 Cesar Chavez made this speech, predicting the future success of his efforts for Latinos CESAR CHAVEZ: "Like the other immigrant groups, the day will come when we win the economic and political rewards which are in keeping with our numbers in society The day will come when the politicians will the right thing for our people out of political necessity and not out of charity or idealism." Cesar Chavez died in 1993 at the age of sixty-six More than 40,000 people attended his funeral A year later, President Clinton awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the United States The United Farm Workers Union still fights for the rights of farm workers throughout the United States Many schools, streets, parks, libraries and other public buildings have been named after Cesar Chavez The great labor leader always believed in the words "Si se puede": It can be done This Special English Program was written and produced by Robert Brumfield I'm Steve Ember nd I'm Nicole Nichols Join us again next week for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America Frederick Douglass, 1818-1895: He Fought for Freedom and Equality for African-Americans Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link.) HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) I'm Shirley Griffith And I'm Steve Ember with PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English Today we tell about Frederick Douglass He was born a slave, but later became one of America's greatest leaders He was an activist, a writer, a powerful speaker and an advisor to President Abraham Lincoln Frederick Douglass suffered severe physical and mental abuse during his many years as a slave He dreamed of one day learning to read and being free He believed knowledge would lead the way to freedom Douglass wrote several books about his life as a slave In eighteen forty-five he wrote "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave." It became an immediate best seller and remains popular today Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born around eighteen eighteen in Tuckahoe, Maryland, near the Chesapeake Bay Many slaves lived on large farms owned by white people Each plantation was like a small village owned by one family who lived in a large house on the property Frederick and his mother, Harriet Bailey, were slaves on a huge plantation owned by Colonel Edward Lloyd Their slave owner was a white man named Captain Aaron Anthony Frederick knew very little about his father, except that he was a white man Many believed Captain Anthony was his father Frederick did not know his mother well Harriet Bailey was sent to work on another plantation when Frederick was very young She was able to visit him only a few times She died when Frederick was about seven years old Frederick then lived with his grandparents, Betsey and Isaac Bailey He said that his grandparents had a loving home and were respected by other slaves in the area Because of this, he did not realize at first that someone owned him and the others -that they were slaves It was not unusual for African-American families to be separated, often never seeing each other again Slaves were not treated as human beings Slave owners bought and traded them as if they were animals or property Frederick had to leave his grandparents' home when he was six years old He later wrote about that day He said being forced to leave was one of the most painful experiences in his life He said he began to understand the evil and oppressive system of slavery In eighteen twenty-six, Frederick was sent to work for Hugh Auld, in Baltimore, Maryland Mr Auld's wife, Sophia, was very kind to Frederick She treated him as if he were a member of her family Mrs Auld soon began to teach Frederick to read Her husband became extremely angry and ordered her to stop immediately Slaves were denied education Mr Auld said if slaves could read they would rebel and run away HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Sophia Auld stopped teaching Frederick to read But he learned to read from white boys he met in the city The boys also told Frederick he had the right to be free Mr Auld sent Frederick to work for a poor farmer, Edward Covey, who beat him often In eighteen thirty-six, Frederick made an attempt to escape But he failed and was arrested He was sent back to the home of Hugh and Sophia Auld home in Baltimore He met and fell in love with a free black woman named Anna Murray Ms Murray had a job cleaning other people's homes She gave Frederick money to help him escape by getting on a train to New York City "My free life began on the third of September, eighteen thirty-eight On the morning of the fourth of that month, I found myself in the big city of New York, a free man For the moment the dreams of my youth and the hopes of my manhood where completely fulfilled The bonds that held me to "old master" were broken No man now had the right to call me his slave or try to control me." When Frederick Bailey reached New York he changed his name to Frederick Douglass to hide his identity from slave capturers Anna Murray joined him and they were married They settled in New Bedford, Massachusetts and had five children Frederick Douglass became one of the most important leaders of the abolitionist movement to end slavery in the United States In eighteen forty-one, he attended the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society meeting in Nantucket, Massachusetts Douglass was unexpectedly asked to give a speech to describe his experiences as a slave He had not prepared a speech but he spoke to the huge gathering of people anyway Most of the supporters were white He spoke with great emotion in a deep and powerful voice The crowd praised him After that speech, The Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society asked Douglass to travel to cities throughout the North He continued to tell about his cruel and oppressive life as a slave He told how slave owners beat slaves everyday How slaves were given very little food to eat How they worked all day in the fields during dangerously hot weather How they slept on cold floors and had very little clothing Many who heard his story challenged its truthfulness They refused to believe that Frederick Douglass was ever a slave Instead, they thought he was an educated man who created the entire story HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) In eighteen forty-four, Douglass began writing his life's story "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave" was published the following year He later published expanded versions of his book Frederick Douglass wrote his first book partly to prove that he had lived through the horrible situations he described in his speeches He was asked to speak at the Independence Day celebration in Rochester, New York in eighteen fifty-two He noted the differences of how blacks and whites considered Independence Day "The purpose of this celebration is the Fourth of July It is the birthday of your National Independence, and of your political freedom… This Fourth of July is yours, not mine You may celebrate I must mourn…What, to the American slave, is your Fourth of July? I answer: a day that reveals to him more than all other days in the year, the horrible discrimination and punishment to which he is the everyday victim…There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States at this very hour." In eighteen sixty-one the American Civil War began Frederick Douglass and many others saw slavery as the cause of the war Douglass wanted blacks to be permitted to join the Union Army However, Northern whites, including President Abraham Lincoln, were against it They said black soldiers would harm the spirit of white soldiers They believed black soldiers were not intelligent Two years later, blacks were permitted to join the Union Army, but they were not treated as soldiers Although they showed bravery they were given less important jobs Douglass met with President Lincoln in Washington to discuss the issue Douglass urge that black soldiers be treated equal to white soldiers Although President Lincoln agreed, he said there could be no immediate change In eighteen sixty-five, the Civil War ended The Union forces had defeated the South A few months later President Lincoln was killed And later that year, slavery was ended Frederick Douglass went on to hold several positions in the government, including United States Marshall of the District of Columbia He never stopped his efforts to gain equality for all people Historians say Douglass gave two thousand speeches and wrote thousands of articles and letters His work as an activist also included women's rights On February twentieth, eighteen ninety-five, he gave a speech at the National Council of Women Later that day, he returned to his home in Washington and died of heart failure at the age of seventy-eight Frederick Douglass ended his "book My Bondage, My Freedom" with these words: HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Mary Kay Ash, 1918-2001: She Started a Skin Care Company That Has Sales of More Than $2 Billion a Year Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link.) I'm Mary Tillotson And I'm Steve Ember with the VOA Special English programPEOPLE IN AMERICA This week, we tell about one of the most successful American businesswomen Mary Kay started a company in nineteen sixty-three with a five thousand dollar investment Today, Mary Kay Cosmetics is an international company worth thousands of millions of dollars Mary Kathlyn Wagner was born in the state of Texas in nineteen eighteen For much of her childhood, she cared for her sick father while her mother worked long hours at a public eating place Mary Kay married Ben Rogers when she was seventeen years old They had three children before he left home to serve in World War Two When he returned, their marriage ended Mary Kay looked for a job so she could support her children Mary Kay began selling different kinds of products At first, she sold books Later, she visited peoples' homes to show how home care products such as cleaning fluids and equipment helped ease housework One night, Mary Kay was showing these products at the home of Ova Heath Spoonemore Later in the evening, Mrs Spoonemore began giving her guests some home made skin care products The products were developed by her father, J.W Heath, in Arkansas Mary Kay tried the skin care products and found they made her skin smooth Mary Kay was successful selling home care products Her supervisors praised her work But they never increased her earnings She left the company after a man she trained was given a more important job than she had Mary Kay said later that she learned from this experience It taught her that men did not believe that a woman could succeed in business She decided to prove them wrong So she bought the rights to Mr Heath's skin care products and started her own company She paid five hundred dollars for the legal rights to the products The Mary Kay Cosmetics company began operating in Dallas, Texas, in nineteen sixty-three Mary Kay's twenty-year-old son Richard was the company's financial official The idea was to sell skin care products through demonstrations in homes and offices Nine sales representatives were chosen to sell the products HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) The sales representatives were independent workers They bought products like soaps and skin softening liquids from the company and sold them at higher prices to friends, family members and other individuals Mary Kay decided that each representative who brought other sales women into the company would receive part of the new person's earnings That way, experienced sales representatives would be willing to help train new ones Mary Kay told the women who worked for her that to be successful in life a person should put God first, family second and work third She said women must discover how to be good wives and mothers while at the same time learning how to succeed in work Two years later, in nineteen sixty-five, the company was selling almost one million dollars worth of products Mary Kay once said that success came fast because she did not have any time to waste She was already forty-five years old when she started the company She said a woman needs money fast as she gets older Now Mary Kay Cosmetics is one of the largest direct sellers of skin care products in the world It develops and tests skin care and beauty products for the face, body, hair and nails many more than it started selling in nineteen sixty-three Today, Mary Kay Cosmetics has sales of more than two billion dollars a year It has more than one million sales representatives in more than thirty countries around the world You can find Mary Kay products and sales representatives in Argentina, India, the Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, and China, to name a few Every year since nineteen sixty-five, Mary Kay Cosmetics has held a yearly conference in Dallas for its sales representatives The first one took place in one large room Mary Kay cooked food for two hundred people and served it on paper plates As the company grew, so did the conference Now, more than thirty-five thousand sales representatives and company officials pay to attend education meetings at the yearly conference A special event at the three-day conference is Awards Night That is when prizes are given to those representatives with the most sales for the year Awards Night also includes a show in which famous singers and dancers perform The Awards Night winners receive special paid holidays, jewels, furs, and pink Cadillac automobiles In Germany, winners receive a pink Mercedes Benz, and in Taiwan they are given a pink Toyota By nineteen ninety-four, seven thousand cars had been given to sales representatives The cars are pink because Mary Kay products come in pink containers Mary Kay liked that color HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Mary Kay believed that recognizing good work is the best way to increase a company's sales She said her company tried to have competitions in which everyone has a chance to win She did not want to organize the kind of competition where someone has to hurt another person in order to win So the Mary Kay competitions are designed around the idea that it is best to compete with yourself That means every individual is trying to better then she did last week or last year Competition winners are rewarded well For example, winners of one of the competitions get a gold pin called the Ladder of Success Sales representatives earn a pin by selling a large number of products Then they earn jewels for the pin as they increase their sales Each jewel is placed higher on the ladder than the others The pin of a top sales representative is covered with diamonds Mary Kay's third husband, Mel Ash, died of cancer in nineteen eighty She wanted to help find a cure for the disease At first, she helped organizations raise money for research Later, she started the Mary Kay Ash Charitable Foundation, a non-profit group that provides money to support research about cancers affecting women In two thousand one, the company and foundation expanded their goals in an effort to help stop violence against women Through the years, Mary Kay Ash received many business awards She was named one of America's twenty-five most influential women in nineteen eighty-five She became a member of the National Business Hall of Fame in nineteen ninety-six Mary Kay Ash wrote three books The first book, "Mary Kay," told the story of her life More than one million copies in several languages have been sold She described her business ideas in the book "Mary Kay on People Management." Her third book was released in nineteen ninety-five It is called "Mary Kay You Can Have It All." The money earned from its sales went to help fight cancer Mary Kay Ash continued her involvement in her business until she suffered a stroke in nineteen ninety-six She died in November, two thousand one Business experts say she was an important business leader who cared about people Mary Kay sales representatives say she developed a way for women to earn money and still spend time with their families One example is Valerie Yokie She started selling Mary Kay products twenty years ago She was an official at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., but left her job to stay home with her two small children She became interested in the Mary Kay Cosmetics company because it was a way to get started in a business for a small amount of money She paid less than one hundred dollars for her supplies HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) After one year and one half, Mrs Yokie became a director of the company and started helping other women become successful Mary Kay representatives Soon after this, her husband lost his job Then he developed cancer Valerie Yokie has supported her family for twenty years through Mary Kay Cosmetics She is an extremely successful businesswoman She has won many prizes in Mary Kay competitions, and receives a new pink Cadillac every two years Valerie Yokie's story is similar to those of other Mary Kay representatives They agree that Mary Kay Ash changed the business world They say she opened a door for women by providing them with a way to earn money that balances work and family This Special English program was written by Nancy Steinbach and produced by Caty Weaver I'm Mary Tillotson And I'm Steve Ember Listen again next week for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America Milton Hershey, 1857-1945: He Built a Successful Business and a Sweet Town Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link.) I'm Barbara Klein And I'm Steve Ember with the VOA Special English programPEOPLE IN AMERICA Today we tell about Milton Hershey He built one of the sweetest towns in the United States Milton Snavely Hershey was born in eighteen fifty-seven in central Pennsylvania His mother was a member of the Mennonite Church The religious group valued self-denial and community service His father worked at many different jobs The Hershey family moved several times during Milton's childhood His parents did not have a happy marriage They lived separately for much of their lives Mrs Hershey finally rejected her husband after a daughter died in eighteen sixty-seven Milton Hershey stopped attending school when he was twelve years old He first went to work as an assistant for a man who published a German language newspaper Milton did not like the job He was dismissed after dropping his hat into a machine Milton then got a job with a candy and ice cream maker in the town of Lancaster There, he learned how to mix sugar and water to make candy products At the time, American candy makers used chocolate mainly to cover candies Reports say it was bitter tasting and not at all like the taste of chocolate today HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Milton moved to the city of Philadelphia when he was eighteen years old He had already learned all he could about candy production His mother and her family offered to help him set up a candy store But the business failed after six years Milton decided to join his father in the western state of Colorado The younger Hershey found a job with a candy maker in Denver There, he worked with a kind of sticky candy: caramel He also learned the importance of using fresh milk in making good caramel Milton later attempted candy businesses in Chicago and New York City But like before, each business failed Milton returned to Lancaster Most family members considered him a failure But he continued to receive help from his mother's sister and a man who had worked at the Philadelphia store Milton began making caramels his own way – with fresh milk His caramels were softer than others being sold and less sticky One day, an English importer tasted Hershey's caramels and placed a large order Soon the Lancaster Candy Company was a success Hershey became one of Pennsylvania's top businessmen He was selling his candies all across the United States and Europe Things began changing for Hershey after he visited the Chicago World's Fair in eighteen ninetythree At the World's Fair, he saw chocolate making machines from Germany He decided that chocolate was the future of the candy business, and bought the machines He had them moved to Pennsylvania, and sold the Lancaster Candy Company He was developing an unusual plan to build a large chocolate factory and a town to support it Michael D'Antonio wrote a book about Milton Hershey It says Hershey got the idea for his town from the Cadbury family in Britain The Cadburys made chocolates They also built a factory surrounded by a town The book says Hershey decided to the same He paid for many buildings in his town He wanted to create a place where his factory's workers could own their own houses In this way, he prevented Hershey, Pennsylvania from becoming a factory town in which the workers were forced to pay their employers for a place to live Hershey's town was modern It had nice houses, large public buildings, and an electric railway system for easy transportation Nearby farms provided the chocolate factory with fresh milk for its products HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Milton Hershey and his company found a way to make large amounts of milk chocolate The secret was using fat free milk with the seeds of cacao trees and heating them slowly The Hershey Candy Company was on its way to success Most of the company's workers loved Milton Hershey He made it possible for them to earn good wages and live well The book "Hershey" says he sometimes shared the company's financial success with them Yet Milton Hershey was not always fair Writer Michael D'Antonio says not everyone was happy living in a place where one man and his company attempted to control so much Milton Hershey did not marry until he was over forty years old He surprised his family when he married Catherine Sweeney in eighteen ninety-eight Some members of his family did not approve of her She was a Roman Catholic from New York State Milton called her, Kitty The Hersheys first lived in Lancaster They later moved to a large house near the factory The land around the house was known for its many flowers and plants Catherine Hershey was sick for much of her married life She died in nineteen fifteen at the age of forty-two The Hersheys were unable to have children, so they decided to help needy children by creating a school for them Milton Hershey said the school had been his wife's idea She reportedly wanted to provide a safe place for those in need of a good home and a better chance in life In nineteen-oh-nine, the Hersheys created the Hershey Industrial School for boys who had lost one or both parents They established a special legal agreement, or trust, to provide money for the school They gave nearly two hundred hectares of farmland to the trust At first, ten white boys attended the school But more and more boys attended as time went on The school provided the boys with a good education and farming skills After his wife died, Hershey gave Hershey Chocolate Company stock shares with a value of sixty million dollars to the trust This money made it possible for the school to expand After Hershey died, the name of the school was changed to the Milton Hershey School Later, the school opened its doors to boys and girls of all races and religions Today, the Milton Hershey School has more than one hundred student homes Each has the latest technological equipment, including computers A man and his wife live in each house They serve as parents to eight to ten students HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) In two thousand-six, the Milton Hershey School educated about one thousand three hundred students And, the gift first made by Milton Hershey has grown to more than five thousand million dollars Many Americans experienced economic hardship during the Great Depression of the nineteen thirties But Milton Hershey put many people to work in the town by building a large hotel and a sports center He also created a not-for-profit organization to provide education and culture to the local townspeople This organization continues to support the Hershey Theater and other cultural centers in the area In the early nineteen sixties, the Milton Hershey School Trust gave money and land to the Pennsylvania State University for a medical center The Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center opened in nineteen sixty-seven Today, it has five thousand employees Milton Hershey died in nineteen forty-five He left behind the company, the town, the school and the trust that supports it At the time of his death, the company he built is said to have produced about ninety percent of all the milk chocolate made in the United States In two thousand two, officials of the Milton Hershey School Trust announced plans to sell the company They said they wanted to help protect the finances of the school Townspeople and others in Pennsylvania demonstrated against the sale They said it would destroy the town Hershey had worked so hard to create Former students at the Milton Hershey School also worked against the sale In the end, the sale was not completed Today, Hershey, Pennsylvania is unlike any other town in the United States The streetlights are shaped like the candy called Hershey's Kisses The air there often smells like chocolate Millions of people come every year to stop at a visitor's center near the factory, stay at the Hershey Hotel, and enjoy the Hershey Amusement Park Milton Hershey was not a perfect man But he may always seem that way to thousands of people in Pennsylvania They say they live in the sweetest town in the country This Special English program was written by Nancy Steinbach Lawan Davis was our producer I'm Steve Ember And I'm Barbara Klein inviting you to join us next week at this time for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America Ray Kroc, 1902-1984: The Man Who Made McDonald's Popular Around the World HOÀNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link.) I'm Phoebe Zimmermann And I'm Steve Ember with PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English Today, we tell about Ray Kroc, the man who helped make the fast food industry famous He expanded a small business into an international operation called McDonald's You probably know what fast food is It is cooked food that is ready almost as soon as you enter a public eating place It does not cost much It is popular with most Americans and with many people around the world Some experts say that at least twenty-five percent of American adults eat fast food every day Most fast food restaurants offer ground beef sandwiches called hamburgers and potatoes cooked in hot oil called French fries Other fast food places serve fried chicken, pizza or tacos You see fast food restaurants almost everywhere in the United States The names and the designs of the buildings are easily recognized – Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and of course, McDonald's Most are chain restaurants That means each one is part of a huge company Each restaurant in the chain has the same large, colorful sign that can be recognized from far away Each offers its own carefully limited choice of foods Each kind of hamburger or piece of chicken tastes the same at every restaurant in the chain The fast food industry began with two brothers in San Bernardino, California in the nineteen forties Mac and Dick McDonald owned a small, but very successful restaurant They sold only a few kinds of simple food, especially hamburgers People stood outside the restaurant at a window They told the workers inside what they wanted to eat They received and paid for their food very quickly The food came in containers that could be thrown away The system was so successful that the McDonald brothers discovered they could sell a lot of food and lower their prices Ray Kroc sold restaurant supplies He recognized the importance of the McDonald brothers' idea He saw that food sales could be organized for mass production almost like a factory Mr Kroc paid the McDonald brothers for permission to open several restaurants similar to theirs He opened the first McDonald's restaurant near Chicago, Illinois, in nineteen fifty-five Soon, more McDonald's were opening all across the United States Other people copied the idea and more fast food restaurants followed HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Raymond Albert Kroc was a very wealthy businessman when he died in nineteen eighty-four But he had not always been successful Ray was born in Illinois in nineteen-oh-two His parents were not rich He attended school in Oak Park, near Chicago Ray never completed high school, however He left school to become a driver for the Red Cross in World War One He lied about his age to be accepted He was only fifteen The war ended before he could be sent to Europe After the war, Ray became a jazz piano player He played with famous music groups He got married when he was twenty Then he began working for the Lily Tulip Cup Company, selling paper cups He kept trying new things, however He attempted to sell land in the southern state of Florida That business failed Ray Kroc remembered driving to Chicago from Florida after his business failed He said: "I will never forget that drive as long as I live The streets were covered with ice, and I did not have winter clothing When I arrived home I was very cold and had no money." Ray Kroc went back to being a salesman for the Lily Tulip Cup Company He was responsible for product sales in the central United States His life improved when he started a small business that sold restaurant supplies He sold a machine that could mix five milkshakes at one time In nineteen fifty-four, he discovered a small restaurant that was using eight of his machines He went there and found that the owners of the restaurant had a good business selling only hamburgers, French fries and drinks At first, Mr Kroc saw only the possibility for increasing the sales of his mixers to more restaurants Then he proposed an agreement with the McDonald brothers to start a number of restaurants Under the agreement, the McDonald brothers would get a percentage of all sales The first McDonald's restaurant opened in Des Plaines, Illinois, in nineteen fifty-five Ray Kroc was fifty-two years old an age when many people start thinking about retirement He opened two restaurants Soon he began to understand that the real profits were made in selling hamburgers, not the mixers He quickly sold the mixer company and invested the money in the growing chain of McDonald's restaurants In nineteen-sixty, Mr Kroc bought the legal rights to the restaurants from the McDonald brothers By then, the chain had more than two hundred restaurants Fast food restaurants spread quickly in the United States because of franchising Franchising means selling the legal right to operate a store in a company's chain to an independent business person If the company approves, the business person may buy or lease the store for a period of years HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Many people want to own a McDonald's restaurant, but only a few are approved Each restaurant buys its supplies at a low cost from the parent company Each restaurant also gives the company about ten percent of the money it earns in sales Today, about seventy percent of McDonald's restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent businessmen and women Ray Kroc was good at identifying what the public wanted He knew that many American families wanted to eat in a restaurant sometimes He gave people a simple eating place with popular food, low prices, friendly service and no waiting And all McDonald's restaurants sold the same food in every restaurant across the country Ray Kroc established rules for how McDonald's restaurants were to operate He demanded that every restaurant offer "quality, service and cleanliness." People lucky enough to get a franchise must complete a program at a training center called Hamburger University They learn how to cook and serve the food, and how to keep the building clean More than sixty-five thousand people have completed this training McDonald's began to expand around the world in nineteen sixty-seven Ray Kroc's business ability made McDonald's the largest restaurant company in the world There are now more than thirty thousand McDonald's restaurants on six continents The company operates in about one hundred twenty countries Every day, McDonald's restaurants around the world serve about fifty million people In later years, Ray Kroc established the Kroc Foundation, a private organization that gives money to help others He also established a number of centers that offer support to families of children who have cancer They are called Ronald McDonald houses Many people praised Ray Kroc for his company's success and good works But other people sharply criticized him for the way McDonald's treated young employees Many of the workers were paid the lowest wage permitted by American law Health experts still criticize McDonald's food for containing too much fat and salt In the nineteen seventies, Ray Kroc turned his energy from hamburgers to sports He bought a professional baseball team in California, the San Diego Padres He died in nineteen eightyfour He was eighty-one years old That first McDonald's restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois, was torn down It was replaced by a store and visitors center that attempts to copy what was in the original building Another museum in nearby Oak Park describes the life of Ray Kroc Ray Kroc's story remains an important part of HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) McDonald's history And his way of doing business continues to influence fast food restaurants that feed people around the world This program was written by George Grow Lawan Davis was the producer I'm Steve Ember And I'm Phoebe Zimmermann Join us again next week for anotherPEOPLE IN AMERICA program in VOA Special English William Randolph Hearst, 1863-1951: He Created What Was Once the Nation's Largest Newspaper Group Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link.) Welcome to the VOA Special English program PEOPLE IN AMERICA Today, Steve Ember and Rich Kleinfeldt tell about American publisher William Randolph Hearst Mr Hearst created what was once the nation's largest newspaper organization He bought newspapers in many areas of the United States He spent millions of dollars to gain readers in sometimes shocking ways He forever changed the American newspaper business William Randolph Hearst was born in San Francisco in eighteen sixty-three He was the only child of George Hearst and Phoebe Apperson Hearst His father became rich by developing mines His mother was a philanthropist who gave her time and money to help others William Randolph Hearst had everything he wanted as a child But, he was a rebel In eighteen eighty-five, he was expelled from Harvard, one of the best universities in America, for playing a joke on a professor George Hearst wanted his son to take control of developing the mines or the land he owned But William had other desires He became interested in newspapers while at Harvard He started working as a reporter for the New York World newspaper owned by Joseph Pulitzer George Hearst owned the San Francisco Examiner newspaper But he was more interested in politics than in newspaper publishing In eighteen eighty-seven, George Hearst became a United States senator He gave control of the newspaper to his son William who was twenty-three William Randolph Hearst wanted to create a newspaper that people would talk about He worked long hours and put high energy into his newspaper He employed some of the best reporters and writers he could find And, he paid them the highest wages Mr Hearst improved the appearance of his newspaper and bought modern equipment He also improved relations with HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) advertisers Advertisers pay to have their products shown in newspapers to increase sales Newspapers profit from the money paid by advertisers News stories in the San Francisco Examiner were written with force, energy and excitement Some stories were written to shock readers and affect them emotionally However, the stories were simple and easy to read Mr Hearst believed in doing whatever it took to get readers His newspaper policy was: make the news complete; print all the news; shorten it if necessary, but get it in That became the policy in newsrooms across America By eighteen ninety-one, the San Francisco Examiner had three times more readers and advertisers than when Mr Hearst took control of the newspaper In less than five years, William Randolph Hearst made the new San Francisco Examiner a huge success Mr Hearst repeated his success in New York City He borrowed five million dollars from his mother to purchase a second newspaper, the New York Journal In his first two months, he increased the number of copies sold from thirty thousand to one hundred thousand Joseph Pulitzer was a very successful publisher in New York Mr Hearst shared Mr Pulitzer's excitement and energy about the newspaper business During the eighteen nineties, Mr Hearst and Mr Pulitzer began a fierce newspaper war Mr Hearst hired many reporters from Mr Pulitzer's New York World newspaper He paid them more than two times as much as they had been earning He also reduced the price of his newspaper below Mr Pulitzer's Mr Hearst won readers by making the news more exciting and entertaining He created a kind of newspaper reporting known today as "yellow journalism." News events were made to seem greater than they really were His methods went beyond what would be accepted today in major newspapers Critics said his newspapers were only for entertainment Yet many other newspapers tried to copy his methods Mr Hearst attacked big businesses and dishonest politicians in his newspapers There were also reports about sex, murder and other crimes His newspapers became a voice for working people and the poor His influence grew across the nation through his newspapers and the magazines he bought or began HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) Many experts say Mr Hearst's reporting methods and his battle with Mr Pulitzer for readers led to the Spanish-American War In eighteen ninety-eight, the United States fought Spain to help the people of Cuba gain independence from Spain Mr Hearst's newspapers had accused Spain of sinking the American battleship Maine and killing two hundred fifty sailors This increased public support for the war However, it still is not known how the ship sank The war greatly increased readers for the Hearst publications Mr Hearst's battle with competitors widened after the war Some newspapers blamed him when President William McKinley was murdered in nineteen-oh-one The assassination happened after one of the Hearst newspapers seemed to suggest killing Mr McKinley (MUSIC) VOICE TWO: In the early nineteen hundreds, William Randolph Hearst became deeply involved in politics He represented New York in the United States House of Representatives from nineteen-oh-three to nineteen-oh-seven In nineteen-oh-four, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for president He also failed in his campaigns to become governor of New York or mayor of New York City Mr Hearst had hoped to change the way things were being done in New York City He hoped to defeat dishonest New York City politicians who controlled the city at the time Mr Hearst also campaigned against big business He supported labor unions and government ownership of public utilities, railroads, and other big companies And, he sought political reform and the return of economic competition in the country Mr Hearst's opponents accused him of being disloyal to his country because of his support for Germany during the first years of World War One He was opposed to American involvement in the war Mr Hearst was sharply criticized for his political ideas Many people refused to deal with him Some hated him His newspapers were banned in many communities Mr Hearst strongly supported Democrat Franklin Roosevelt for president in nineteen thirtytwo Then he became increasingly conservative and turned against President Roosevelt He HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1) opposed American involvement in World War Two He also led a fierce campaign against communism during the nineteen thirties Through the years, Mr Hearst continued to buy newspapers and magazines across the country and around the world He also controlled a number of radio and television stations and a movie company William Randolph Hearst and his wife Millicent were married in nineteen-oh-three They had five sons She remained married to him until her death However, Mr Hearst spent almost thirty years of his life with Hollywood actress Marion Davies in San Simeon, California They met in nineteen seventeen and later lived together at San Simeon He started a movie company to produce movies for her Their relationship shocked the nation Mr Hearst spent thirty years and thirty million dollars to build a huge home at San Simeon It has one hundred sixty-five rooms Mr Hearst and Marion Davies entertained many famous people there He continually bought costly art objects to fill it By nineteen thirty-seven, Mr Hearst's heavy spending threatened to ruin his publishing organization He was forced to sell much of his property and many art objects The economic recovery after World War Two saved what was left of his media organization When William Randolph Hearst died in nineteen fifty-one, he still owned what was then the largest newspaper company in America Today, the Hearst Corporation includes more than one hundred thirty separate businesses They include newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations and business media companies The communications business William Randolph Hearst began continues to influence and inform people around the world (MUSIC) ANNOUNCER: This Special English program was written by Cynthia Kirk It was produced by Paul Thompson Your narrators were Steve Ember and Rich Kleinfeldt I'm Faith Lapidus Listen again next week for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America HỒNG ĐÌNH QUANG – ANHSANGHOCDUONG.COM – ENGLISH FREE TOEIC Face: https://www.facebook.com/congphahoa Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/quangdinh.hoang.9?fref=ts Web: anhsanghocduong.com TÀI LIỆU LUYỆN ĐỌC (PHẦN 1)