Nội dung test bank Giới thiệu về Giải phẫu và Sinh lý học, Cấp độ tổ chức hóa học, Cấp độ tổ chức tế bào, Cấp độ tổ chức, Hệ thống tích hợp, Cấu trúc xương và xương, Bộ xương trục, Bộ xương ruột thừa, Khớp, Mô cơ, Hệ thống cơ bắp , Mô thần kinh, Tủy sống, Thần kinh cột sống và Phản xạ cột sống, Thần kinh não và sọ, Đường dẫn truyền cảm giác và Hệ thần kinh Somatic, Hệ thần kinh tự chủ và Chức năng bậc cao, Các giác quan đặc biệt, Hệ thống nội tiết, Máu Tim, mạch máu và tuần hoàn, hệ thống bạch huyết và miễn dịch, hệ hô hấp, hệ tiêu hóa, trao đổi chất, dinh dưỡng và năng lượng, hệ thống tiết niệu, chất lỏng, chất điện giải và cân bằng axit, hệ thống sinh sản The Chemical Level of Organization, The Cellular Level of Organization,The Tissue Level of Organization,The Integumentary System,Bones and Bone Structure,The Axial Skeleton,The Appendicular Skeleton,Joints, Muscle Tissue,The Muscular System,Nervous Tissue,The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes,The Brain and Cranial Nerves,Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System,The Autonomic Nervous System and HigherOrder Functions,The Special Senses, The Endocrine System,Blood, The Heart,Blood Vessels and Circulation,The Lymphatic System and Immunity,The Respiratory System, The Digestive System,Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics,The Urinary System,Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid—Base Balance, The Reproductive System
Chapterȱ16 TheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱand Higher-OrderȱFunctions Multiple Choice Questions 1) Theȱ ȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystemȱisȱsaidȱtoȱfunctionȱduringȱȈrestȱand digest.Ȉ A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) thoracolumbar D) visceral E) somatomotor Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 2) TheȱsympatheticȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱANSȱisȱalsoȱknownȱasȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) somaticȱdivision B) craniosacralȱdivision C) restingȱdivision D) thoracolumbarȱdivision E) lumbosacralȱdivision Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 3) PreganglionicȱfibersȱleaveȱtheȱCNSȱandȱthenȱsynapseȱon A) postganglionicȱfibers B) visceralȱreflexȱresponses C) motorȱneurons D) ganglionicȱneurons E) afferentȱneurons Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 4) Preganglionicȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystemȱareȱlocatedȱin A) theȱbrain B) theȱlateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord C) theȱposteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord D) bothȱtheȱbrainstemȱandȱtheȱlateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord E) theȱcerebrum Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 504ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 5) Ganglionicȱneuronsȱinnervateȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱexcept A) smoothȱmuscle B) cardiacȱmuscle C) adiposeȱtissue D) glands E) skeletalȱmuscle Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 6) Theȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystemȱisȱespeciallyȱactiveȱduringȱwhichȱphysiologicalȱstate? A) exertion B) trauma C) digestion D) stress E) exercise Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 7) AȱvisceralȱmotorȱneuronȱwhoseȱcellȱbodyȱisȱwithinȱtheȱCNSȱisȱcalledȱa(n) ȱneuron A) upperȱmotor B) lowerȱmotor C) preganglionic D) postganglionic E) somatomotor Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 8) Inȱwhichȱsystemȱareȱtheȱgangliaȱinȱorȱnearȱtheȱtargetȱorgan? A) sympatheticȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱANS B) parasympatheticȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱANS C) somaticȱnervousȱsystem D) afferentȱnervousȱsystem E) centralȱnervousȱsystem Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 9) Theȱparasympatheticȱdivisionȱisȱalsoȱcalledȱtheȱ ȱdivision A) thoracolumbar B) craniosacral C) thoracocranial D) craniolumbar E) craniococcygeal Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ505 10) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱcontrolledȱbyȱtheȱANS? A) skeletalȱmuscleȱsystem B) cardiovascularȱsystem C) respiratoryȱsystem D) digestiveȱsystem E) urinaryȱsystem Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 11) Visceralȱmotorȱneuronȱnucleiȱareȱlocatedȱinȱwhichȱpartȱofȱtheȱbrain? A) midbrain B) primaryȱmotorȱcortex C) hypothalamus D) thalamus E) cerebellum Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 12) Sympatheticȱpostganglionȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱtheȱsmallȱintestinesȱoriginateȱfromȱthe A) inferiorȱmesentericȱganglion B) cardiacȱplexus C) celiacȱganglion D) sacralȱsplanchnicȱnerves E) superiorȱmesentericȱganglion Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 13) Sympatheticȱnervesȱcontainȱpostganglionicȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱorgansȱinȱwhichȱcavity? A) thoracic B) pelvic C) abdominal D) cranial E) abdominopelvic Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 14) Whichȱisȱnotȱaȱsympatheticȱganglion? A) celiac B) otic C) inferiorȱmesenteric D) superiorȱmesenteric E) sacralȱchain Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 506ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 15) Aȱpedestrianȱnarrowlyȱavoidsȱbeingȱhitȱbyȱanȱoncomingȱcar.ȱHeȱnoticesȱthatȱitȱtakesȱaȱlittle whileȱforȱhisȱheartȱrateȱandȱrespiratoryȱrateȱtoȱreturnȱtoȱnormal.ȱThisȱisȱlikelyȱbecause A) theȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystemȱhasȱbecomeȱactivated B) sympatheticȱactivationȱofȱtheȱadrenalȱmedullaȱhasȱreleasedȱepinephrineȱand norepinephrineȱintoȱtheȱbloodstream C) theȱsplanchnicȱnervesȱhaveȱbecomeȱactivated D) somaticȱmotorȱneuronsȱhaveȱincreasedȱtheȱheartȱandȱrespiratoryȱrate E) theȱcorticospinalȱpathwayȱhasȱbecomeȱactivated Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 16) Sympatheticȱpreganglionicȱfibersȱareȱ ȱandȱhaveȱ ȱaxons A) short;ȱmyelinated B) short;ȱunmyelinated C) long;ȱmyelinated D) long;ȱunmyelinated E) intermediate;ȱsmall Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 17) Inȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem,ȱwhereȱareȱtheȱpreganglionicȱneuronsȱlocated? A) cervicalȱandȱsacralȱsegmentsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord B) sacralȱsegmentsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord C) brainȱstem D) thoracicȱandȱlumbarȱsegmentsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord E) cerebellum Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 18) Preganglionicȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystemȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) lateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱcervicalȱcord B) anteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱcervicalȱandȱthoracicȱspinalȱcord C) lateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱsegmentsȱT1 toȱL2 ofȱtheȱspinalȱcord D) anteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱsegmentsȱT toȱL2 ofȱtheȱspinalȱcord E) lateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱT ȱtoȱS2ȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ507 19) Clustersȱofȱganglionicȱsympatheticȱneuronsȱlyingȱalongȱeitherȱsideȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱareȱcalled sympatheticȱ ȱganglia A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) paravertebral E) adrenal Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 20) Clustersȱofȱganglionicȱsympatheticȱneuronsȱthatȱinnervateȱorgansȱinȱtheȱabdominopelvic regionȱareȱcalledȱ ȱganglia A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) paravertebral E) adrenal Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 21) Injuryȱtoȱtheȱneuronsȱofȱaȱcollateralȱganglionȱwouldȱaffectȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱthe A) heart B) pupils C) sweatȱglands D) digestiveȱtract E) arrectorȱpiliȱmuscles Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 22) Damageȱtoȱtheȱventralȱrootsȱofȱtheȱfirstȱfiveȱthoracicȱspinalȱnervesȱonȱtheȱrightȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody wouldȱinterfereȱwithȱtheȱabilityȱto A) dilateȱtheȱrightȱpupil B) constrictȱtheȱrightȱpupil C) dilateȱtheȱleftȱpupil D) constrictȱtheȱleftȱpupil E) smileȱandȱfrown Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 508ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 23) Postganglionicȱaxonsȱusuallyȱare A) myelinated B) unmyelinated C) largerȱthanȱpreganglionicȱfibers D) locatedȱinȱtheȱbrain E) locatedȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 24) Stimulationȱofȱtheȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱceliacȱganglionȱwouldȱleadȱto A) relaxationȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱsphincter B) increasedȱheartȱrate C) conversionȱofȱliverȱglycogenȱreservesȱintoȱglucose D) activationȱofȱventralȱsweatȱglands E) increasedȱgastricȱmotility Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 25) Collateralȱgangliaȱcontainȱneuronsȱthatȱinnervateȱtissuesȱandȱorgansȱinȱwhichȱcavity? A) thoracic B) pelvic C) abdominal D) craniosacral E) abdominopelvic Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 26) Sympatheticȱnerves A) provokeȱfeelingsȱofȱsympathy B) allowȱusȱtoȱrelax,ȱrest,ȱandȱrecover C) containsȱshortȱpreganglionicȱfibersȱandȱlongerȱpostganglionicȱfibers D) controlȱswallowing E) stimulateȱgastricȱsecretion Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 27) Preganglionicȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱtheȱcollateralȱgangliaȱformȱthe A) adrenalȱmedulla B) celiacȱganglia C) sympatheticȱchainȱganglia D) inferiorȱmesentericȱganglia E) splanchnicȱnerves Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ509 28) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱinnervatedȱbyȱtheȱceliacȱganglia? A) liver B) spleen C) stomach D) pancreas E) bladder Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 29) Theȱadrenalȱmedullaeȱsecrete A) medullin B) epinephrine C) norepinephrine D) renin E) bothȱepinephrineȱandȱnorepinephrine Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 30) Specializedȱganglionicȱsympatheticȱneuronsȱthatȱreleaseȱhormonesȱintoȱtheȱbloodstreamȱare foundȱwithinȱthe A) intramuralȱganglia B) collateralȱganglia C) chainȱganglia D) brainȱstem E) adrenalȱmedullae Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 31) Postganglionicȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱtargetsȱinȱtheȱbodyȱwallȱorȱthoracicȱcavityȱoriginateȱon neuronsȱwithin A) intramuralȱganglia B) collateralȱganglia C) sympatheticȱchainȱganglia D) suprarenalȱganglia E) whiteȱramiȱcommunicantes Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 510ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 32) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱeffectsȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱactionȱofȱpostganglionicȱsympatheticȱfibers except A) increasedȱsweatȱsecretion B) reducedȱcirculationȱtoȱtheȱskin C) decreasedȱheartȱrate D) dilationȱofȱtheȱpupils E) increasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscles Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 33) Splanchnicȱnerves A) originateȱfromȱfirst-orderȱneuronsȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱupperȱfiveȱthoracicȱsegmentsȱofȱthe spinalȱcord B) innervateȱtheȱvisceraȱorȱinternalȱorgans C) controlȱsympatheticȱfunctionȱofȱstructuresȱinȱtheȱthorax D) connectȱchainȱganglia E) areȱformedȱofȱparasympatheticȱfibers Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 34) Autonomicȱdisordersȱwouldȱnotȱcause A) excessiveȱperspiration B) appetite C) sexualȱarousal D) problemsȱinȱmaintenanceȱofȱbloodȱpressure E) problemsȱrelatedȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfunction Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 35) Theȱceliac,ȱsuperiorȱmesentericȱandȱinferiorȱmesentericȱgangliaȱareȱcollectivelyȱcalledȱ ganglia A) chain B) collateral C) intramural D) paravertebral E) terminal Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ511 36) Theȱ ȱnervousȱsystemȱstimulatesȱtheȱarrectorȱpiliȱmusclesȱandȱgivesȱyou Ȉgoosebumps.Ȉ A) parasympathetic B) afferent C) dorsal D) sympathetic E) somatic Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 37) Asȱtheȱresultȱofȱanȱaccident,ȱtheȱwhiteȱramiȱcommunicantesȱofȱspinalȱnervesȱT ȱandȱT ȱonȱthe leftȱsideȱofȱBradȇsȱbodyȱareȱsevered.ȱWhatȱorgan(s)ȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱbeȱaffectedȱbyȱthis injury? A) leftȱpupil B) rightȱpupil C) heart D) bothȱpupils E) leftȱpupilȱandȱheart Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 512ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e Figureȱ16-1ȱANSȱPathway UseȱFigureȱ16-1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 38) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) somaticȱmotorȱneuron B) preganglionicȱneuron C) sensoryȱneuron D) ganglionicȱneuron E) astrocyte Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 39) IdentifyȱtheȱroundȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) dorsalȱrootȱganglion B) spinalȱnerve C) chainȱganglion D) intramuralȱganglion E) ramiȱcommunicantes Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ519 65) ParasympatheticȱpreganglionicȱfibersȱleaveȱtheȱCNSȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱlocationsȱexcept A) theȱmidbrain B) theȱpons C) theȱmedullaȱoblongata D) spinalȱsegmentsȱT -L2 E) spinalȱsegmentsȱS -S4 Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 66) Preganglionicȱfibersȱfromȱtheȱsacralȱsegmentsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱformȱtheȱ ȱnerve(s) A) pelvic B) splanchnic C) celiac D) sympathetic E) mesenteric Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 67) Parasympatheticȱstimulation A) increasesȱheartȱrate B) increasesȱgastricȱmotility C) causesȱsweatȱglandsȱtoȱsecrete D) causesȱbloodȱvesselsȱinȱtheȱskinȱtoȱdilate E) causesȱtheȱpupilsȱtoȱdilate Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 68) Intramuralȱgangliaȱinȱtheȱdigestive,ȱurinary,ȱandȱreproductiveȱorgansȱareȱinnervatedȱbyȱthe ȱnerves A) spinal B) splanchnic C) chain D) pelvic E) collateral Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 520ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 69) Damageȱtoȱtheȱglossopharyngealȱnerveȱwouldȱlikelyȱcause A) increaseȱinȱheartȱrate B) problemsȱinȱsexualȱarousal C) aȱreductionȱinȱsaliva D) visualȱproblems E) urineȱretention Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 70) Parasympatheticȱgangliaȱthatȱareȱnearȱtheȱeyesȱandȱsalivaryȱglandsȱareȱcalledȱ ganglia A) somatic B) collateral C) contralateral D) intramural E) terminal Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 71) TheȱstatementȱȈItsȱpostganglionicȱaxonsȱalwaysȱuseȱacetylcholineȱasȱtheȱneurotransmitterȈȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 72) Nicotinicȱreceptors A) respondȱtoȱepinephrine B) respondȱtoȱnorepinephrine C) openȱchemically-gatedȱsodiumȱionȱchannels D) canȱbeȱeitherȱexcitatoryȱorȱinhibitoryȱinȱfunction E) areȱfoundȱatȱsynapticȱjunctionsȱofȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 73) Muscarinicȱreceptors A) areȱnormallyȱactivatedȱbyȱacetylcholine B) areȱfoundȱmostlyȱinȱautonomicȱganglia C) alwaysȱproduceȱanȱexcitatoryȱresponse D) controlȱsodiumȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱaffectedȱmembrane E) areȱblockedȱbyȱnorepinephrine Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ521 74) TheȱstatementȱȈPreganglionicȱaxonȱterminalsȱreleaseȱacetylcholineȈȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 75) Parasympatheticȱeffectsȱareȱlocalizedȱandȱshort-livedȱbecause A) muscarinicȱreceptorsȱareȱdeactivatedȱbyȱnorepinephrine B) acetylcholineȱisȱinactivatedȱatȱtheȱsynapseȱbyȱacetylcholinesterase C) norepinephrineȱhyperpolarizesȱtheȱpostganglionicȱmembrane D) norepinephrineȱisȱinactivatedȱatȱtheȱsynapseȱbyȱmonoamineȱoxidase E) epinephrineȱblocksȱtheȱmuscarinicȱreceptors Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 76) Nicotineȱpoisoningȱdiffersȱfromȱmuscarineȱpoisoningȱinȱthat A) itȱcausesȱvomiting B) itȱcausesȱsalivation C) itȱcausesȱsweating D) itȱcausesȱskeletalȱmuscleȱconvulsions E) itȱcausesȱdiarrhea Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 77) Drugsȱthatȱblockȱnicotinicȱreceptorsȱwouldȱbe A) sympathomimetic B) parasympathomimetic C) parasympatheticȱblockingȱagents D) sympatheticȱblockingȱagents E) autonomicȱblockingȱagents Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 78) Parasympatheticȱblockingȱagentsȱcanȱbeȱusefulȱinȱtreating A) heartȱfailure B) highȱbloodȱpressure C) urinaryȱincontinence D) hyperactivity E) excessiveȱsweating Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 522ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 79) Aȱdoctorȱplacesȱdropsȱinȱtheȱeyesȱtoȱdilateȱtheȱpupilsȱforȱanȱexamination.ȱTheȱtypeȱofȱdrugȱthat isȱusedȱisȱa(n)ȱ ȱdrug 1.ȱsympathomimetic 2.ȱparasympathomimetic 3.ȱadrenergicȱactivating 4.ȱcholinergicȱactivating A) 1,ȱ2 B) C) D) 1,ȱ3 E) 2,ȱ4 Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 80) Maryȱaccidentallyȱateȱpoisonousȱmushroomsȱthatȱcontainȱmuscarine.ȱYouȱwouldȱexpectȱto observeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsymptomsȱexcept A) diarrhea B) salivation C) veryȱfastȱheartȱrate D) sweating E) lowȱbloodȱpressure Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 81) Theȱgangliaȱlocatedȱlateralȱtoȱtheȱvertebralȱcolumnȱareȱpartȱofȱtheȱsympathetic A) chain B) tract C) decussation D) tubes E) canal Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 82) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱtrueȱstatementȱregardingȱtheȱsympatheticȱdivision? A) PNSȱgangliaȱareȱnearȱtheȱvertebralȱcolumn B) Preganglionicȱfibersȱareȱrelativelyȱshort C) PreganglionicȱneuronsȱareȱlocatedȱbetweenȱT1 andȱL ofȱtheȱspinalȱcord D) Theȱeffectsȱareȱnotȱwidespreadȱbutȱveryȱspecificȱandȱlocalized E) Postganglionicȱfibersȱareȱrelativelyȱlong Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ523 83) Allȱparasympatheticȱneuronsȱare A) adrenergic B) cholinergic C) nitroxidergic D) gamma-aminobutyric E) dopaminergic Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 84) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱcorrectlyȱmatched? A) sympathetic:ȱshortȱpreganglionicȱandȱlongȱpostganglionicȱfibers B) sympathetic:ȱshortȱpreganglionicȱandȱshortȱpostganglionicȱfibers C) sympathetic:ȱlongȱpreganglionicȱandȱshortȱpostganglionicȱfibers D) parasympathetic:ȱshortȱpreganglionȱandȱlongȱpostganglionicȱfibers E) parasympathetic:ȱcontainsȱonlyȱpreganglionicȱfibers Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 85) Dualȱinnervationȱrefersȱtoȱanȱorganȱreceiving A) twoȱnervesȱfromȱtheȱspinalȱcord B) bothȱautonomicȱandȱsomatomotorȱnerves C) bothȱsympatheticȱandȱparasympatheticȱinnervation D) nervesȱfromȱbothȱtheȱbrainȱandȱtheȱspinalȱcord E) bothȱsensoryȱandȱmotorȱnerves Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 86) TheȱstatementȱȈItȱcontrolsȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱtheȱpupilȈȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 87) Sympatheticȱandȱparasympatheticȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱtheȱheartȱpassȱthroughȱthe A) celiacȱplexus B) hypogastricȱplexus C) cardiacȱplexus D) sphenopalatineȱganglia E) oticȱganglia Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 524ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 88) Controlȱofȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱpassagesȱdependsȱupon A) sympatheticȱstimulationȱonly B) parasympatheticȱstimulationȱonly C) somatomotorȱstimulationȱonly D) bothȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱlevelsȱofȱstimulation E) sensoryȱreceptorsȱsensitiveȱtoȱchangesȱinȱlungȱventilation Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 89) Nerveȱnetworksȱthatȱincludeȱbothȱsympatheticȱandȱparasympatheticȱfibersȱthatȱreachȱtheȱsame structureȱareȱcalled A) somaticȱplexuses B) somaticȱganglia C) autonomicȱplexuses D) autonomicȱganglia E) centralȱplexuses Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 90) Descendingȱbranchesȱofȱtheȱvagusȱandȱsplanchnicȱnervesȱtravelȱthroughȱtheȱ ȱplexus A) cardiac B) pulmonary C) hypogastric D) esophageal E) celiac Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 91) AutonomicȱtoneȱisȱanȱimportantȱaspectȱofȱANSȱfunctionȱbecauseȱit A) allowsȱANSȱneuronsȱtoȱbeȱsilentȱunderȱnormalȱconditions B) allowsȱANSȱneuronsȱtoȱincreaseȱactivityȱonȱdemandȱbutȱnotȱdecreaseȱtheirȱactivity C) allowsȱANSȱneuronsȱtoȱdecreaseȱtheirȱactivityȱonȱdemandȱbutȱnotȱincreaseȱtheirȱactivity D) allowsȱANSȱneuronsȱtoȱincreaseȱorȱdecreaseȱtheirȱactivity,ȱprovidingȱaȱrangeȱofȱcontrol options E) providesȱforȱaȱnarrowȱrangeȱofȱcontrolȱoptionsȱthatȱkeepsȱtargetȱtissuesȱconstantlyȱactive Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ525 92) Aȱdecreaseȱinȱtheȱautonomicȱtoneȱofȱtheȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱaȱbloodȱvesselȱwouldȱresultȱin A) noȱchangeȱinȱvesselȱdiameter B) aȱdecreaseȱinȱvesselȱdiameter C) oscillationȱinȱvesselȱdiameter D) aȱdecreaseȱinȱbloodȱflowȱthroughȱtheȱvessel E) anȱincreaseȱinȱbloodȱflowȱthroughȱtheȱvessel Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 93) Inȱgeneral,ȱautonomicȱtoneȱofȱperipheralȱbloodȱvesselsȱincreasesȱwhen A) sympatheticȱstimulationȱisȱincreased B) sympatheticȱstimulationȱisȱdecreased C) parasympatheticȱstimulationȱisȱincreased D) parasympatheticȱstimulationȱisȱdecreased E) somatomotorȱstimulationȱisȱincreased Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 94) Mostȱvitalȱorgansȱreceiveȱ ȱinnervation.ȱThatȱis,ȱtheyȱreceiveȱinputȱfromȱboth sympatheticȱandȱparasympatheticȱdivisions A) single B) dual C) biaxial D) ambitonic E) autonomic Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 95) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱregardingȱvisceralȱreflexȱarcs? A) Theyȱareȱmonosynaptic B) Theyȱhaveȱtheȱsameȱbasicȱcomponentsȱasȱsomaticȱreflexes C) ShortȱvisceralȱreflexesȱbypassȱtheȱCNS D) Theyȱcanȱbeȱshortȱorȱlongȱreflexes E) TheȱprocessingȱstepsȱinvolveȱinterneuronsȱinȱtheȱCNS Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 96) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱvisceralȱreflexesȱisȱnotȱcoordinatedȱbyȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongata? A) swallowingȱreflex B) vasomotorȱreflex C) coughingȱreflex D) cardioacceleratoryȱreflex E) pupillaryȱreflex Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 526ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 97) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱbeȱanȱexampleȱofȱhigher -levelȱcontrolȱofȱautonomicȱfunction? A) gaggingȱonȱfoodȱthatȱdoesȱnotȱappealȱtoȱyou B) aȱviolentȱcoughingȱattackȱinȱresponseȱtoȱanȱirritant C) increasedȱheartȱrateȱwhenȱyouȱseeȱaȱpersonȱyouȱfear D) dilationȱofȱtheȱpupilsȱwhenȱyouȱenterȱaȱdarkȱroom E) increasedȱsalivationȱwhenȱyouȱsmellȱfoodȱthatȱappealsȱtoȱyou Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 98) ȱreflexesȱperformȱtheȱsimplestȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystem A) Somatic B) Cranial C) Spinal D) Visceral E) Consensual Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 99) VisceralȱreflexȱarcsȱcanȱbypassȱCNSȱneuronsȱinȱ ȱreflexes A) short B) intermediate C) long D) hyper E) spinal Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 100) Theȱintegrativeȱcentersȱforȱautonomicȱactivityȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) cerebrum B) thalamus C) cerebellum D) pituitaryȱgland E) hypothalamus Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 101) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱessentialȱforȱmemoryȱconsolidation? A) occipitalȱlobe B) basalȱnuclei C) hippocampus D) insula E) prefrontalȱlobe Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ527 102) Mechanismsȱinvolvedȱinȱmemoryȱformationȱandȱstorageȱinvolveȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱ except A) increasedȱreleaseȱofȱneurotransmitters B) anterogradeȱamnesia C) theȱformationȱofȱadditionalȱsynapticȱconnections D) theȱformationȱofȱmemoryȱengrams E) facilitationȱatȱsynapses Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 103) Long-termȱmemoriesȱthatȱareȱwithȱyouȱforȱaȱlifetimeȱareȱcalledȱ ȱmemories A) tertiary B) reflexive C) consolidated D) multilobar E) secondary Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 104) Mostȱlong-termȱmemoriesȱareȱstoredȱinȱthe A) cerebellum B) hypothalamus C) cerebralȱcortex D) pons E) thalamus Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 105) Forȱminorȱsurgicalȱprocedures,ȱValiumȱisȱtypicallyȱgivenȱtoȱpatientsȱtoȱcauseȱanterograde amnesia.ȱThisȱmeansȱtheȱpatientȱwillȱtemporarily A) forgetȱallȱfactȱmemoriesȱsuchȱasȱtheȱcolorȱofȱaȱstopȱsign B) forgetȱskillȱmemoriesȱlikeȱhowȱtoȱrideȱaȱbike C) forgetȱlong-termȱmemoriesȱlikeȱtheirȱname D) forgetȱmemoriesȱfromȱbeforeȱsurgery E) forgetȱmemoriesȱfromȱduringȱandȱimmediatelyȱafterȱsurgery Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 106) Blockingȱ ȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱ ȱpreventsȱlong -termȱmemoryȱformation A) serotonin;ȱhypothalamus B) NMDA;ȱhippocampus C) NMDA;ȱmidbrain D) serotonin;ȱmidbrain E) norepinephrine;ȱhippocampus Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 528ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 107) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱinheritedȱdiseaseȱcharacterizedȱbyȱdestructionȱofȱACh -secreting andȱGABA-secretingȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱcausingȱdifficultyȱcontrollingȱmovements? A) schizophrenia B) Parkinsonȇsȱdisease C) Huntingtonȇsȱdisease D) Alzheimerȇsȱdisease E) senileȱdementia Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 108) Conversionȱofȱaȱshort-termȱmemoryȱtoȱaȱlong-termȱmemoryȱisȱcalled A) memoryȱconversion B) anterogradeȱamnesia C) memoryȱprogramming D) memoryȱconsolidation E) memoryȱengraving Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 109) Theȱconsciousȱstateȱisȱmaintainedȱbyȱthe A) prefrontalȱlobes B) generalȱinterpretiveȱarea C) limbicȱsystem D) reticularȱactivatingȱsystem E) nucleusȱgracilis Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 110) Basedȱonȱstimulationȱstudies,ȱtheȱȈheadquartersȈȱofȱtheȱreticularȱactivatingȱsystemȱappearsȱto beȱbasedȱinȱthe A) medulla B) pons C) midbrain D) diencephalon E) cerebrum Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ529 111) Aȱstateȱofȱunconsciousnessȱinȱwhichȱanȱindividualȱcannotȱbeȱarousedȱevenȱbyȱstrongȱstimuliȱis A) somnolence B) sleep C) stupor D) coma E) aȱchronicȱvegetativeȱstate Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 112) Theȱbrainȱwavesȱproducedȱbyȱnormalȱadultsȱwhileȱrestingȱwithȱtheirȱeyesȱclosedȱareȱ waves A) alpha B) beta C) theta D) delta E) gamma Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 113) Theȱregulationȱofȱawake-asleepȱcyclesȱappearsȱtoȱinvolveȱanȱinterplayȱbetweenȱbrainȱstem nucleiȱthatȱuseȱdifferentȱneurotransmitters.ȱTheȱoneȱthatȱfavorsȱalertnessȱisȱ ȱandȱthe otherȱpromotingȱdeepȱsleepȱisȱ A) acetylcholine;ȱserotonin B) serotonin;ȱnorepinephrine C) norepinephrine;ȱserotonin D) dopamine;ȱGABA E) glutamate;ȱserotonin Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 114) Duringȱ ȱsleep,ȱdreamingȱoccurs A) REM B) deep C) beta D) stageȱ1 E) stageȱ2 Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 530ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 115) Hallucinogenicȱdrugs,ȱsuchȱasȱLSD,ȱfunctionȱby A) stimulatingȱreceptorsȱforȱnorepinephrine B) blockingȱacetylcholineȱreceptors C) increasingȱtheȱproductionȱofȱGABA D) stimulatingȱserotoninȱreceptors E) mimickingȱtheȱactionȱofȱdopamine Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 116) TheȱinheritedȱbrainȱdisorderȱHuntingtonȇsȱdiseaseȱisȱcausedȱbyȱtheȱdestructionȱofȱbasalȱnuclei thatȱuseȱdifferentȱneurotransmitters.ȱOneȱneurotransmitterȱisȱ ȱandȱtheȱotherȱis A) acetylcholine;ȱserotonin B) serotonin;ȱnorepinephrine C) norepinephrine;ȱserotonin D) acetylcholine;ȱGABA E) glutamate;ȱserotonin Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 117) Whatȱmentalȱillnessȱisȱoftenȱimprovedȱbyȱdrugsȱthatȱblockȱserotoninȱre-uptake? A) agitation B) hallucinations C) depression D) Parkinsonȇs E) Huntingtonȇs Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 118) Anȱage-relatedȱdeclineȱinȱmentalȱfunctionȱcharacterizedȱbyȱdifficultiesȱwithȱspatialȱorientation, memory,ȱlanguage,ȱandȱpersonalityȱisȱcalled A) deliriumȱagitans B) senileȱdementia C) persistentȱvegetativeȱstate D) somnolenceȱofȱtheȱaged E) progressiveȱcerebralȱdysfunction Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-10 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ531 119) Changesȱinȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱthatȱaccompanyȱagingȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing except A) reductionȱinȱbrainȱsizeȱandȱweight B) decreaseȱinȱtheȱnumberȱofȱneurons C) decreasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱbrain D) changesȱinȱsynapticȱorganizationȱinȱtheȱbrain E) increasedȱmemoryȱstorage Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-10 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 120) Alzheimerȇsȱdiseaseȱisȱcharacterizedȱbyȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱexceptȱthatȱit A) isȱtheȱmostȱcommonȱcauseȱofȱsenileȱdementia B) isȱcharacterizedȱbyȱaȱprogressiveȱlossȱofȱmemory C) hasȱaȱclearȱgeneticȱbasis D) isȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱformationȱofȱplaquesȱandȱneurofibrillaryȱtangles E) mayȱbeȱassociatedȱwithȱdamageȱtoȱtheȱnucleusȱbasalis Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-10 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering In-Text Figure Based Questions 1) Theȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystemȱaffectsȱskeletalȱmuscles.ȱNameȱeffectorsȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervous system.ȱ(Figureȱ16-1) A) boneȱandȱspinalȱcord B) smoothȱmuscle,ȱglands,ȱcardiacȱmuscle,ȱadipocytes C) boneȱandȱjoints D) spinalȱcordȱandȱbrainstem E) cerebrumȱandȱcerebellum Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 16-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 2) Whichȱtypeȱofȱganglionicȱneuronȱinnervatesȱvisceralȱorgansȱinȱtheȱabdominopelvicȱcavity? (Figureȱ16-3) A) adrenalȱmedullaryȱneurons B) sympatheticȱchainȱganglionicȱneurons C) collateralȱganglionicȱneurons D) sacralȱganglionicȱneurons E) cervicalȱganglionicȱneurons Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 532ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 3) Whatȱneurotransmitterȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱmostȱvaricositiesȱinȱtheȱsympatheticȱdivision?ȱ(Figure 16-4) A) dopamine B) serotonin C) epinephrine D) norepinephrine E) GABA Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 16-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 4) Theȱshortȱreflexȱbypassesȱwhatȱpartȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystem?ȱ(Figureȱ16-7) A) peripheralȱnervousȱsystem B) entericȱnervousȱsystem C) spinalȱcord D) brainstem E) centralȱnervousȱsystem Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 16-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 5) Specialȱsensoryȱinputsȱarriveȱbyȱwhichȱcranialȱnerves?ȱ(Figureȱ16 -11) A) IȱandȱII B) IIȱandȱIV C) IIȱandȱVIII D) VȱandȱVII E) VIIȱandȱVIII Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 16-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Essay Questions 1) Listȱtheȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱadrenergicȱreceptors,ȱtheȱresponsesȱtheyȱproduce,ȱandȱbyȱwhat mechanisms Answer: Thereȱareȱtwoȱtypesȱofȱalphaȱreceptorsȱandȱtwoȱtypesȱofȱbetaȱreceptors.ȱTheȱalpha -1 receptorȱproducesȱexcitationȱorȱstimulationȱofȱmetabolism.ȱItȱworksȱbyȱactivationȱofȱan enzymeȱand/orȱbyȱreleaseȱofȱcalciumȱionȱfromȱinternalȱstores.ȱTheȱalpha-2ȱreceptorȱis inhibitoryȱonȱitsȱtargetȱcellȱbyȱreducingȱtheȱlevelȱofȱcAMP.ȱBeta-1ȱreceptorsȱare stimulatingȱand/orȱleadȱtoȱincreasedȱenergyȱconsumption.ȱTheyȱactivateȱcellular enzymes.ȱBeta-2ȱreceptorsȱinhibitȱactivityȱorȱproduceȱrelaxationȱinȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcells Theyȱoperateȱthroughȱenzymeȱactivation LearningȱOutcome: 16-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ16ȱȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher -OrderȱFunctionsȱȱȱ533 2) Mr.ȱMartinȱisȱsufferingȱfromȱaȱconditionȱknownȱasȱventricularȱtachycardia,ȱinȱwhichȱhisȱheart beatsȱtooȱquickly.ȱWouldȱanȱalpha-blockerȱorȱaȱbeta-blockerȱhelpȱalleviateȱhisȱproblem?ȱWhy? Answer: Youȱwouldȱwantȱtoȱuseȱaȱbeta-blocker,ȱbecauseȱtheȱstimulationȱofȱbeta-1ȱreceptors increasesȱheartȱrate.ȱByȱblockingȱtheseȱreceptors,ȱparasympatheticȱinfluenceȱwill predominateȱandȱtheȱheartȱwillȱslowȱdown LearningȱOutcome: 16-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 3) Whatȱeffectȱwouldȱcuttingȱtheȱvagusȱnerveȱbranchȱthatȱinnervatesȱtheȱstomachȱhaveȱonȱgastric function? Answer: Theȱvagusȱnerveȱcarriesȱparasympatheticȱpreganglionicȱfibersȱtoȱmanyȱorgansȱwithin theȱventralȱcavity,ȱincludingȱtheȱdigestiveȱorgans.ȱItȱstimulatesȱgastricȱmotilityȱand secretionȱofȱacidȱandȱenzymes.ȱRemovingȱtheȱvagusȱinnervationȱwillȱeliminate parasympatheticȱstimulation,ȱleavingȱonlyȱsympatheticȱinnervation,ȱwhichȱisȱinhibitory Thisȱprocedureȱwillȱthusȱgreatlyȱreduceȱgastricȱactivity.ȱHormonalȱstimulationȱwill remainȱbutȱhigherȱcentersȱwillȱnoȱlongerȱinfluenceȱsecretionȱofȱgastricȱjuice LearningȱOutcome: 16-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 4) Explainȱwhatȱdualȱinnervationȱmeansȱwithȱregardȱtoȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystem.ȱUsingȱthe cardiovascular,ȱrespiratoryȱandȱdigestiveȱsystemsȱasȱexamples,ȱexplainȱhowȱdualȱinnervation regulatesȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱeachȱsystem Answer: Dualȱinnervationȱmeansȱthatȱbothȱtheȱsympatheticȱandȱparasympatheticȱnervous systemsȱcontrolȱsomeȱareasȱofȱtheȱbody.ȱInȱgeneral,ȱtheyȱhaveȱopposingȱactions.ȱInȱthe cardiovascularȱsystem,ȱsympatheticȱstimulationȱincreasesȱheartȱrateȱandȱcontractility whileȱparasympatheticȱstimulationȱdecreasesȱheartȱrate.ȱInȱtheȱrespiratoryȱsystem, sympatheticȱstimulationȱdilatesȱtheȱairwaysȱwhileȱparasympatheticȱstimulation constrictsȱtheȱairways.ȱInȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystem,ȱsympatheticȱstimulationȱslowsȱdown motilityȱandȱreleaseȱofȱsecretionsȱwhileȱparasympatheticȱstimulationȱincreasesȱmotility andȱreleaseȱofȱsecretions LearningȱOutcome: 16-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc ... Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 526ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 97) Which of theȱfollowingȱwouldȱbeȱanȱexample of higher -levelȱcontrol of autonomicȱfunction? A) gaggingȱonȱfoodȱthatȱdoesȱnotȱappealȱtoȱyou... Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 528ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 107) Which of theȱfollowingȱisȱanȱinheritedȱdiseaseȱcharacterizedȱbyȱdestruction of ACh -secreting and GABA-secretingȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱcausingȱdifficultyȱcontrollingȱmovements?... E) smile and frown Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 16-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 508ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 23) Postganglionicȱaxonsȱusuallyȱare