Nội dung test bank Giới thiệu về Giải phẫu và Sinh lý học, Cấp độ tổ chức hóa học, Cấp độ tổ chức tế bào, Cấp độ tổ chức, Hệ thống tích hợp, Cấu trúc xương và xương, Bộ xương trục, Bộ xương ruột thừa, Khớp, Mô cơ, Hệ thống cơ bắp , Mô thần kinh, Tủy sống, Thần kinh cột sống và Phản xạ cột sống, Thần kinh não và sọ, Đường dẫn truyền cảm giác và Hệ thần kinh Somatic, Hệ thần kinh tự chủ và Chức năng bậc cao, Các giác quan đặc biệt, Hệ thống nội tiết, Máu Tim, mạch máu và tuần hoàn, hệ thống bạch huyết và miễn dịch, hệ hô hấp, hệ tiêu hóa, trao đổi chất, dinh dưỡng và năng lượng, hệ thống tiết niệu, chất lỏng, chất điện giải và cân bằng axit, hệ thống sinh sản The Chemical Level of Organization, The Cellular Level of Organization,The Tissue Level of Organization,The Integumentary System,Bones and Bone Structure,The Axial Skeleton,The Appendicular Skeleton,Joints, Muscle Tissue,The Muscular System,Nervous Tissue,The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes,The Brain and Cranial Nerves,Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System,The Autonomic Nervous System and HigherOrder Functions,The Special Senses, The Endocrine System,Blood, The Heart,Blood Vessels and Circulation,The Lymphatic System and Immunity,The Respiratory System, The Digestive System,Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics,The Urinary System,Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid—Base Balance, The Reproductive System
Chapterȱ15 SensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomatic NervousȱSystem Multiple Choice Questions 1) Theȱtermȱgeneralȱsensesȱrefersȱtoȱsensitivityȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept A) temperature B) taste C) touch D) vibration E) pain Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 2) Theȱsensoryȱreceptors,ȱneuronsȱandȱpathwaysȱmakeȱupȱtheȱ ȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱnervous system A) voluntary B) efferent C) afferent D) involuntary E) somatic Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 3) Theȱgeneralȱsenses A) involveȱreceptorsȱthatȱareȱrelativelyȱsimpleȱinȱstructure B) areȱlocatedȱinȱspecializedȱstructuresȱcalledȱsenseȱorgans C) areȱlocalizedȱtoȱspecificȱareasȱofȱtheȱbody D) cannotȱgenerateȱactionȱpotentials E) includeȱtasteȱandȱsmell Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 4) Theȱ ȱnervousȱsystemȱcarriesȱimpulsesȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscles A) somatic B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) afferent E) autonomic Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 474ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 5) Theȱheartȱmuscleȱisȱaȱ ȱeffector A) somatic B) sympathetic C) visceral D) afferent E) higher-order Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 6) Theȱconversionȱofȱtheȱstimulusȱintoȱanȱactionȱpotentialȱtoȱbeȱinterpretedȱbyȱtheȱbrainȱisȱcalled A) transformation B) transduction C) translation D) transcription E) transpotential Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 7) Gustatoryȱreceptorsȱareȱsensitiveȱtoȱdissolvedȱchemicalsȱbutȱinsensitiveȱtoȱlight.ȱThisȱisȱdueȱto A) receptorȱspecificity B) accessoryȱcells C) theȱfactȱthatȱtheyȱareȱinteroceptors D) receptorȱpotentials E) receptorȱspeciation Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 8) Usingȱtheȱtwo-pointȱdiscriminationȱtestȱyouȱcanȱfairlyȱaccuratelyȱdetermineȱwhetherȱyouȱhave beenȱtouchedȱwithȱoneȱpointȱorȱtwoȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱdensityȱofȱthe A) effectors B) perception C) labeledȱline D) receptorȱfields E) actionȱpotential Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 9) Generalȱsenseȱreceptorsȱareȱtypicallyȱthe A) dendritesȱofȱmotorȱneurons B) dendritesȱofȱsensoryȱneurons C) axonsȱofȱmotorȱneurons D) axonsȱofȱsensoryȱneurons E) cellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneurons Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ475 10) Yourȱbrainȱisȱnotȱconstantlyȱbombardedȱwithȱsignalsȱtellingȱitȱthatȱyouȱareȱwearingȱsocks.ȱThis isȱbecauseȱtheȱtouchȱreceptorsȱaroundȱyourȱankleȱare A) tonicȱreceptors B) tonicȱreceptorsȱandȱslow-adapting C) phasicȱreceptorsȱandȱslow-adapting D) phasicȱreceptorsȱandȱfast-adapting E) nociceptors Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 11) Whichȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱslow-adaptingȱreceptor? A) phasic B) touch C) smell D) temperature E) pain Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 12) Inȱorderȱforȱaȱsensationȱtoȱbecomeȱaȱperception, A) itȱmustȱbeȱreceivedȱbyȱtheȱsomatosensoryȱcortex B) theȱindividualȱmustȱvocalizeȱaboutȱit C) itȱmustȱarriveȱoverȱfast-conductingȱnerveȱfibers D) theȱotherȱsensesȱmustȱbeȱsilent E) itȱmustȱbeȱreceivedȱbyȱtheȱpulvinarȱnucleusȱofȱtheȱthalamus Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 13) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcanȱcontributeȱtoȱreceptorȱspecificityȱexcept A) theȱstructureȱofȱtheȱreceptorȱcell B) characteristicsȱofȱtheȱreceptorȱcellȱmembrane C) accessoryȱcellsȱthatȱfunctionȱwithȱtheȱreceptor D) accessoryȱstructuresȱandȱtissuesȱthatȱshieldȱtheȱreceptorsȱfromȱotherȱstimuli E) theȱmetabolismȱofȱtheȱreceptorȱcell Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 14) Centralȱadaptationȱrefersȱto A) theȱdeclineȱinȱactivityȱofȱperipheralȱreceptorsȱwhenȱstimulated B) aȱcharacteristicȱofȱphasicȱreceptors C) inhibitionȱofȱnucleiȱlocatedȱalongȱaȱsensoryȱpathway D) increasesȱinȱconsciousȱperceptionȱofȱaȱsensoryȱstimulus E) aȱchangeȱinȱmotorȱreceptivityȱofȱaȱneuron Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 476ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 15) Aȱreceptorȱpotentialȱmayȱcauseȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱresponsesȱexcept A) increaseȱneurotransmitterȱrelease B) decreaseȱneurotransmitterȱrelease C) causeȱhyperpolarization D) causeȱdepolarization E) turningȱoffȱtheȱoriginalȱstimulus Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 16) Peripheralȱadaptationȱ ȱtheȱnumberȱofȱactionȱpotentialsȱthatȱreachȱtheȱCNS A) decreases B) increases C) stabilizes D) neutralizes E) amplifies Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 17) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrue aboutȱgeneralȱsenses? A) Theyȱareȱdistributedȱallȱoverȱtheȱbody B) Theyȱareȱallȱmechanoreceptors C) Allȱreceptorsȱinvolvedȱinȱgeneralȱsensationȱconsistȱofȱfreeȱnerveȱendings D) Theyȱareȱlocatedȱinȱsenseȱorgans E) Theȱreceptionȱofȱtheȱstimulusȱoccursȱslowlyȱwithȱtheseȱreceptors Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 18) Sensoryȱencodingȱofȱtheȱperceivedȱlocation ofȱaȱstimulusȱdependsȱon A) theȱfrequencyȱofȱactionȱpotentials B) whichȱlabeledȱlineȱisȱactive C) theȱspecificȱlocationȱofȱtheȱcorticalȱneuronȱthatȱisȱstimulated D) theȱspecificȱsensitivityȱofȱtheȱperipheralȱreceptor E) theȱnumberȱofȱreceptorsȱstimulated Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 19) Actionȱpotentialsȱfromȱreceptorsȱinvolvedȱinȱgeneralȱsensationsȱareȱinterpretedȱinȱthe A) premotorȱcortex B) primaryȱsensoryȱcortex C) generalȱinterpretiveȱarea D) mesencephalon E) reticularȱactivatingȱsystem Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ477 20) Sensoryȱinformationȱfromȱallȱpartsȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱroutedȱto A) theȱprefrontalȱcortex B) theȱcerebellum C) theȱprimaryȱmotorȱcortex D) theȱsomatosensoryȱcortex E) Brocaȇsȱarea Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 21) Theȱconversionȱofȱaȱsensoryȱinputȱtoȱaȱchangeȱinȱmembraneȱpotentialȱinȱtheȱreceptorȱisȱknown as A) transduction B) reception C) effection D) potential E) stimulation Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 22) Theȱlinkȱbetweenȱperipheralȱreceptorȱandȱcorticalȱneuronȱisȱcalledȱa(n) A) efferentȱpathway B) spinocorticalȱline C) sympatheticȱchain D) adaptationȱpathway E) labeledȱline Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 23) Aȱ ȱpotentialȱisȱaȱdepolarizationȱofȱaȱsensoryȱdendriteȱthatȱcanȱleadȱtoȱanȱafferent nerveȱimpulseȱifȱstrongȱenough A) resting B) refractory C) postsynaptic D) generator E) presynaptic Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 478ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 24) Sensoryȱneuronsȱthatȱadaptȱquicklyȱareȱcalledȱ ȱreceptors A) phasic B) tonic C) intracellular D) chemical-channel E) opioid Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 25) Aȱreductionȱinȱsensitivityȱinȱtheȱpresenceȱofȱaȱconstantȱstimulusȱisȱreferredȱtoȱas A) transduction B) adaptation C) negation D) exhaustion E) transformation Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 26) Sensoryȱneuronsȱthatȱareȱalwaysȱactiveȱareȱcalledȱ ȱreceptors A) tonic B) static C) phasic D) isometric E) isotonic Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 27) Youȱcannotȱtellȱwhenȱyourȱsmallȱintestinesȱshiftȱpositionȱasȱfoodȱentersȱbecauseȱyouȱdoȱnot haveȱanyȱ ȱthere A) chemoreceptors B) nociceptors C) proprioceptors D) thermoreceptors E) photoreceptors Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ479 28) ReceptorsȱinȱyourȱstomachȱthatȱdetermineȱwhenȱfoodȱentersȱbecauseȱtheȱpHȱchangesȱwouldȱbe classifiedȱas A) mechanoreceptors B) nociceptors C) proprioceptors D) baroreceptors E) chemoreceptors Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 29) Freeȱnerveȱendingsȱdetectȱwhichȱstimulus/stimuli? A) chemical B) temperature,ȱpain,ȱstretchȱandȱtouch C) painȱonly D) stretch E) deepȱpressure Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 30) Twoȱtypesȱofȱreceptorsȱthatȱareȱleastȱlikelyȱtoȱadaptȱareȱthe A) proprioceptorsȱandȱnociceptors B) freeȱnerveȱendingsȱandȱtheȱrootȱhairȱplexus C) tactileȱdiscsȱandȱtheȱfreeȱnerveȱendings D) lamellarȱcorpusclesȱandȱbaroreceptors E) chemoreceptorsȱandȱbaroreceptors Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 31) Chemoreceptorsȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱsensesȱdoȱnotȱsendȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱprimaryȱsensoryȱcortex butȱinsteadȱsendȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱ ȱtoȱcontrolȱautonomicȱfunction A) cerebellum B) cerebrum C) brainȱstem D) spinalȱcord E) corpusȱcallosum Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 480ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 32) Aȱreceptorȱthatȱcontainsȱmanyȱmechanically-gatedȱionȱchannelsȱwouldȱfunctionȱbestȱasȱa A) tactileȱreceptor B) chemoreceptor C) photoceptor D) thermoreceptor E) lightȱreceptor Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 33) Aȱmechanoreceptorȱinȱtheȱpapillaryȱlayerȱofȱtheȱdermisȱthatȱrespondsȱtoȱfineȱtouchȱisȱa A) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱdisc B) rootȱhairȱplexus C) freeȱnerveȱending D) Bulbousȱcorpuscle E) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscle Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 34) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱis/areȱsometimesȱcalledȱȈpricklingȱpainȈ? A) mechanicalȱdamage B) proprioception C) extremesȱofȱtemperature D) fastȱpain E) fastȱandȱslowȱpain Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 35) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱfastȱpainȱsensations exceptȱthatȱthey A) areȱcarriedȱbyȱtypeȱAȱfibers B) reachȱtheȱCNSȱquickly C) areȱinterpretedȱbyȱtheȱpre-frontalȱcortex D) receiveȱconsciousȱattention E) oftenȱtriggerȱsomaticȱreflexes Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 36) Endorphinsȱcanȱreduceȱperceptionȱofȱsensationsȱinitiatedȱby A) nociceptors B) mechanoreceptors C) thermoreceptors D) chemoreceptors E) proprioceptors Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ481 37) Receptorsȱthatȱmonitorȱtheȱpositionȱofȱjointsȱbelongȱtoȱtheȱcategoryȱcalled A) nociceptors B) chemoreceptors C) baroreceptors D) proprioceptors E) thermoreceptors Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 38) Mechanoreceptorsȱthatȱrespondȱtoȱchangesȱinȱbloodȱpressureȱareȱcalled A) nociceptors B) baroreceptors C) chemoreceptors D) proprioceptors E) thermoreceptors Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 39) Tactileȱreceptorsȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱreticularȱdermisȱthatȱareȱtonicȱandȱshowȱlittleȱifȱanyȱadaptation areȱcalled A) Bulbousȱcorpuscles B) lamellarȱcorpuscles C) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscles D) tactileȱdiscs E) rootȱhairȱplexuses Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 40) Aȱtactileȱreceptorȱcomposedȱofȱhighlyȱcoiledȱdendritesȱthatȱareȱsurroundedȱbyȱmodified Schwannȱcellsȱandȱaȱfibrousȱcapsuleȱisȱa A) lamellarȱcorpuscle B) Bulbousȱcorpuscle C) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscle D) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱdisc E) rootȱhairȱplexus Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 482ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 41) Aȱveryȱlarge,ȱfast-adaptingȱtactileȱreceptorȱthatȱisȱcomposedȱofȱaȱsingleȱdendriteȱenclosedȱby concentricȱlayersȱofȱcollagenȱisȱa A) Bulbousȱcorpuscle B) lamellarȱ(Pacinian)ȱcorpuscle C) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscle D) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱdisc E) rootȱhairȱplexus Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 42) Sensationsȱofȱburningȱorȱachingȱpain A) areȱcarriedȱbyȱtypeȱAȱfibers B) reachȱtheȱCNSȱquickly C) causeȱaȱgeneralizedȱactivationȱofȱtheȱreticularȱformationȱandȱtheȱthalamus D) areȱwellȱlocalized E) areȱfastȱadapting Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 43) Bladderȱfullnessȱisȱtoȱ ȱasȱbloodȱpHȱisȱtoȱ A) nociceptors;ȱthermoreceptors B) baroreceptors;ȱchemoreceptors C) baroreceptors;ȱnociceptors D) chemoreceptors;ȱnociceptors E) baroreceptors;ȱthermoreceptors Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 44) Aȱhighlyȱsensitiveȱtactileȱreceptorȱcomposedȱofȱdendriticȱprocessesȱofȱaȱsingleȱmyelinatedȱfiber thatȱmakesȱcontactȱwithȱspecializedȱcellsȱofȱtheȱstratumȱbasaleȱisȱa A) lamellarȱcorpuscle B) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscle C) Bulbousȱcorpuscle D) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱdisc E) rootȱhairȱplexus Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 488ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 66) Thalamicȱneuronsȱthatȱprojectȱtoȱtheȱprimaryȱsensoryȱcortexȱareȱ ȱneurons A) receptor B) first-order C) second-order D) third-order E) fourth-order Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 67) WhichȱneuronȱdeliversȱsensationsȱtoȱtheȱCNS? A) first-order B) second-order C) third-order D) fourth-order E) sensoryȱreceptor Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 68) Weȱcanȱlocalizeȱsensationsȱthatȱoriginateȱinȱdifferentȱareasȱofȱtheȱbodyȱbecause A) sensoryȱneuronsȱcarryȱonlyȱoneȱmodality B) sensoryȱneuronsȱfromȱspecificȱbodyȱregionsȱprojectȱtoȱspecificȱcorticalȱregions C) incomingȱsensoryȱinformationȱisȱfirstȱprocessedȱbyȱtheȱthalamus D) differentȱtypesȱofȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱproduceȱactionȱpotentialsȱofȱdifferentȱsizesȱand shapes E) ofȱtheȱmanyȱtypesȱofȱtactileȱreceptors Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ489 Figureȱ15-1ȱSpinothalamicȱTracts UseȱFigureȱ15-1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 69) IdentifyȱtheȱaxonȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) axonȱofȱaȱlowerȱmotorȱneuron B) axonȱofȱaȱupperȱmotorȱneuron C) axonȱofȱaȱfirst-orderȱneuron D) axonȱofȱaȱsecond-orderȱneuron E) axonȱofȱaȱganglionicȱneuron Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 490ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 70) WhereȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱisȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2Ȉȱlocated? A) anteriorȱgrayȱhorns B) dorsalȱrootȱganglion C) anteriorȱwhiteȱcolumn D) anteriorȱmedianȱfissure E) posteriorȱwhiteȱcolumn Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 71) IdentifyȱtheȱneuronȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) lowerȱmotorȱneuron B) upperȱmotorȱneuron C) first-orderȱneuron D) second-orderȱneuron E) ganglionicȱneuron Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 72) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) thalamus B) cerebralȱcortex C) primaryȱmotorȱcortex D) primaryȱsensoryȱcortex E) autonomicȱganglion Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 73) Theȱthird-orderȱneuronȱinȱthisȱpathwayȱsynapsesȱinȱwhatȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7Ȉ? A) cerebellum B) thalamus C) primaryȱsensoryȱcortex D) pons E) medullaȱoblongata Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 74) Whichȱstructureȱconductsȱactionȱpotentialsȱdirectlyȱfromȱaȱsensoryȱreceptor? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ491 75) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱinformationȱthatȱtravelsȱalongȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) motorȱcommandsȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscles B) proprioceptionȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex C) fineȱtouchȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex D) crudeȱtouchȱandȱpressureȱsensations E) visceralȱmotorȱcommandsȱtoȱsmoothȱmuscle Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 76) Theȱsenseȱofȱproprioceptionȱpassesȱalongȱtheȱ ȱpathway A) rubriocerebellar B) corticospinal C) spinocerebellar D) decussationȱpathways E) ganglion Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 77) Inȱtheȱspinothalamicȱpathway,ȱtheȱsensoryȱneuronȱthatȱsynapsesȱwithȱaȱneuronȱinȱtheȱcerebral cortexȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ ȱneuron A) first-order B) second-order C) third-order D) fourth-order E) receptive Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 78) Ascendingȱtractsȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱrelayȱ ȱinformation A) sensory B) motor C) sensoryȱandȱmotor D) onlyȱsomatic E) autonomic Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 492ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 79) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱprogressive,ȱdegenerativeȱdisorderȱthatȱaffectsȱupperȱandȱlower motorȱneuronsȱcausingȱskeletalȱmuscleȱatrophy? A) cerebralȱpalsy B) stroke C) paralysis D) amyotrophicȱlateralȱsclerosis E) multipleȱsclerosis Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 80) Inȱmotorȱpathways,ȱtheȱonlyȱportionȱofȱtheȱpathwayȱthatȱisȱoutsideȱofȱtheȱCNSȱisȱthe A) lowerȱmotorȱneuron B) upperȱmotorȱneuron C) axonȱofȱtheȱlowerȱmotorȱneuron D) axonȱofȱtheȱupperȱmotorȱneuron E) interneuron Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 81) Whichȱmotorȱpathwayȱdoesȱnot endȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord? A) corticobulbarȱtract B) corticospinalȱtract C) vestibulospinalȱtract D) tectospinalȱtract E) rubrospinalȱtract Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 82) Theȱcorticospinalȱpathwayȱbeginsȱinȱwhichȱareaȱofȱtheȱbrain? A) somatosensoryȱcortex B) primaryȱmotorȱcortex C) midbrain D) vestibularȱnuclei E) redȱnuclei Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 83) Theȱmotorȱhomunculusȱshowsȱlargerȱstructuresȱinȱareasȱofȱtheȱbodyȱthat A) haveȱmoreȱsurfaceȱarea B) haveȱmoreȱsensoryȱreceptors C) haveȱbiggerȱskeletalȱmuscles D) areȱhighlyȱsensitive E) haveȱmoreȱmotorȱunits Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ493 84) Theȱrubrospinalȱtractsȱoriginateȱinȱthe A) primaryȱmotorȱcortex B) vestibularȱnuclei C) thalamus D) redȱnuclei E) reticularȱformation Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 85) Whichȱareasȱofȱtheȱbrainȱmonitorȱandȱadjustȱactivitiesȱofȱtheȱmotorȱpathways? A) basalȱnuclei B) cerebellum C) basalȱnucleiȱandȱcerebellum D) midbrain E) pons Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 86) Theȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱprimaryȱmotorȱcortexȱareȱ ȱcells A) neuroglial B) dendritic C) pyramidal D) cortical E) astrocyte Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 87) Theȱdescendingȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱcrossesȱtoȱtheȱoppositeȱsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱwithinȱtheȱmedulla oblongataȱisȱtheȱ ȱtract A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) anteriorȱcorticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 494ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 88) Theȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱnormallyȱplaysȱaȱroleȱinȱtheȱsubconsciousȱregulationȱofȱtheȱmusclesȱofȱthe armsȱisȱtheȱ ȱtract A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) anteriorȱcorticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 89) Descendingȱ(motor)ȱpathwaysȱalwaysȱinvolveȱatȱleastȱ ȱmotorȱneuron(s) A) one B) two C) three D) four E) spinal Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 90) Theȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱunconsciouslyȱmaintainsȱbalanceȱandȱmuscleȱtoneȱisȱtheȱ ȱtract A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) anteriorȱcorticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 91) Theȱmedialȱpathwayȱthatȱcontrolsȱinvoluntaryȱmovementsȱofȱhead,ȱneck,ȱandȱarmȱpositionȱin responseȱtoȱsuddenȱvisualȱandȱauditoryȱstimuliȱisȱtheȱ ȱtract A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) tectospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ495 92) Theȱpyramidalȱsystemȱprovides A) voluntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱskeletalȱmuscles B) voluntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱsmoothȱmuscles C) involuntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱskeletalȱmuscles D) involuntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱsmoothȱmuscles E) involuntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱcardiacȱmuscle Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 93) Upperȱmotorȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱcorticospinalȱtractȱsynapseȱwithȱneuronsȱin A) autonomicȱganglia B) theȱanteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord C) theȱspinothalamicȱtract D) theȱlateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord E) theȱdorsalȱrootȱganglia Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 94) Theȱcorticospinalȱsystemȱisȱoftenȱreferredȱtoȱasȱthe A) redȱnucleus B) reticularȱformation C) spinothalamicȱtracts D) pyramidalȱsystem E) medullaryȱcenters Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 95) Theȱareaȱofȱtheȱmotorȱcortexȱthatȱisȱdevotedȱtoȱaȱparticularȱregionȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱproportional toȱthe A) sizeȱofȱtheȱbodyȱarea B) distanceȱofȱtheȱbodyȱareaȱfromȱtheȱbrain C) numberȱofȱmotorȱunitsȱinȱthatȱregion D) numberȱofȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱbody E) sizeȱofȱtheȱnervesȱthatȱserveȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱbody Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 96) Axonsȱofȱtheȱcorticobulbarȱtractȱterminateȱinȱthe A) sensoryȱneurons B) somaticȱmotorȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord C) autonomicȱmotorȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord D) motorȱnucleiȱofȱcranialȱnerves E) nucleiȱinȱtheȱthalamus Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 496ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 97) Theȱ ȱtractȱprovidesȱsubconsciousȱregulationȱofȱupperȱlimbȱmuscleȱtoneȱand movementȱandȱisȱpartȱofȱtheȱ ȱpathway A) tectospinal;ȱlateral B) rubrospinal;ȱlateral C) reticulospinal;ȱmedial D) vestibulospinal;ȱlateral E) corticobulbar;ȱmedial Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 98) Basedȱonȱtheȱmotorȱhomunculus,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbodyȱregionsȱhasȱtheȱfewestȱnumber ofȱmotorȱunitsȱinvolved? A) tongue B) face C) hands D) backȱtrunk Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 99) Theȱpyramidsȱonȱtheȱventralȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongataȱareȱformedȱbyȱfibersȱofȱthe ȱtracts A) corticospinal B) corticobulbar C) reticulospinal D) vestibulospinal E) tectospinal Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 100) Theȱbasalȱnuclei A) initiateȱconsciousȱmotorȱactivity B) activateȱspinalȱreflexes C) provideȱtheȱbackgroundȱpatternsȱofȱmovementȱinvolvedȱinȱvoluntaryȱmotorȱactivities D) exertȱdirectȱcontrolȱoverȱlowerȱmotorȱneurons E) actȱasȱgatekeepers,ȱfilteringȱoutȱunnecessaryȱsensorimotorȱactivity Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ497 101) Theȱupperȱmotorȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱmedialȱpathwayȱareȱlocatedȱwithinȱanyȱofȱtheȱfollowing exceptȱthe A) vestibularȱnuclei B) reticularȱformation C) superiorȱcolliculi D) inferiorȱcolliculi E) mammillaryȱbodies Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 102) Aȱbrainȱinjuryȱtoȱaȱpatientȱresultsȱinȱfacialȱparalysis.ȱWhichȱdescendingȱtractȱisȱmostȱlikely affected? A) corticospinalȱtract B) tectospinalȱtract C) rubrospinalȱtract D) corticobulbarȱtract E) reticulospinalȱtract Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 103) Someȱneuronsȱwithinȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱareȱknownȱto A) stimulateȱneuronsȱwithȱGABA B) inhibitȱneuronsȱwithȱGABA C) stimulateȱneuronsȱwithȱacetylcholine D) stimulateȱneuronsȱwithȱGABAȱandȱstimulateȱneuronsȱwithȱacetylcholine E) inhibitȱneuronsȱwithȱGABAȱandȱstimulateȱneuronsȱwithȱacetylcholine Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 104) Damageȱtoȱtheȱpyramidalȱcellsȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱwouldȱdirectlyȱaffect A) perceptionȱofȱpain B) sight C) voluntaryȱmotorȱactivity D) hearing E) balance Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 498ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 105) Theȱcerebellumȱadjustsȱmotorȱactivityȱinȱresponseȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱexcept A) touchȱsensations B) visualȱinformation C) equilibrium-relatedȱsensations D) inputȱfromȱtheȱmotorȱcortex E) inputȱfromȱproprioceptors Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 106) Motorȱneuronsȱwhoseȱcellȱbodiesȱareȱwithinȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱareȱcalledȱ ȱneurons A) upperȱmotor B) lowerȱmotor C) preganglionic D) postganglionic E) somesthetic Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 107) Upperȱmotorȱneuronsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) precentralȱgyrus B) postcentralȱgyrus C) brainȱstem D) spinalȱcord E) cerebralȱhemispheresȱandȱtheȱbrainȱstem Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 108) Damageȱtoȱtheȱtectospinalȱtractsȱwouldȱinterfereȱwithȱtheȱabilityȱto A) positionȱtheȱarms B) monitorȱbodyȱposition C) makeȱreflexȱresponsesȱofȱtheȱheadȱandȱneckȱinȱresponseȱtoȱsuddenȱmovementsȱorȱloud noises D) controlȱmotorȱunitsȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱleg E) coordinateȱeatingȱandȱswallowingȱmovements Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 109) Descendingȱtractsȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱrelayȱ ȱinformation A) sensory B) motor C) sensoryȱandȱmotor D) onlyȱsomatic E) autonomic Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ499 110) Inȱtheȱcorticospinalȱpathway,ȱtheȱneuronȱthatȱexitsȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱandȱentersȱtheȱspinalȱnerve isȱcalledȱtheȱ ȱneuron A) upperȱsensory B) lowerȱsensory C) upperȱmotor D) lowerȱmotor E) pyramidal Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Figureȱ15-2ȱTheȱCorticospinalȱPathway UseȱFigureȱ15-2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 111) IdentifyȱtheȱoriginȱofȱtheȱaxonȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) lowerȱmotorȱneuron B) upperȱmotorȱneuron C) decussationȱneuron D) second-orderȱneuron E) ganglionicȱneuron Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 500ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 112) TheȱaxonȱlabeledȱȈ2Ȉȱsynapsesȱwithȱwhichȱstructure? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 113) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) ventralȱroot B) upperȱmotorȱneuron C) first-orderȱneuron D) second-orderȱneuron E) dorsalȱroot Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 114) WhatȱoccursȱinȱthisȱneuralȱpathwayȱatȱlabelȱȈ3Ȉ? A) synapse B) communicationȱbetweenȱsensoryȱandȱmotorȱneurons C) amplificationȱofȱmotorȱsignals D) decussation E) autonomicȱreflexes Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 115) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) primaryȱsensoryȱcortex B) primaryȱmotorȱcortex C) thalamus D) autonomicȱmotorȱcenter E) basalȱnuclei Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 116) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱinformationȱthatȱtravelsȱalongȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) motorȱcommandsȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscles B) proprioceptionȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex C) fineȱtouchȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex D) painȱandȱcrudeȱtouchȱsensations E) visceralȱmotorȱcommandsȱtoȱsmoothȱmuscle Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ15ȱȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystemȱȱȱ501 In-Text Figure Based Questions 1) Whichȱmotorȱpathwayȱdirectsȱaȱfasterȱresponse:ȱvoluntaryȱorȱinvoluntary?ȱ(Figureȱ15 -1) A) voluntary B) involuntary Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 15-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 2) Describeȱtheȱreceptiveȱfield.ȱ(Figureȱ15-2) A) Theȱareaȱreceptiveȱtoȱstimuliȱmonitoredȱbyȱaȱsingleȱreceptorȱcell B) Theȱoverlapȱwhereȱmanyȱreceptorsȱdetectȱstimuli C) Theȱdistanceȱtheȱgeneratorȱpotentialȱtravelsȱafterȱreceptorȱstimulation D) Theȱdistanceȱcoveredȱbyȱactionȱpotentialsȱafterȱreceptorȱstimulation E) Theȱareasȱofȱtheȱbrainȱthatȱprocessȱtheȱreceptorȱstimuli Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 15-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 3) Whichȱtactileȱreceptorsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱdermis?ȱ(Figureȱ15-4) A) freeȱnerveȱendingsȱandȱtactileȱcorpuscles B) freeȱnerveȱendingsȱandȱtheȱrootȱhairȱplexus C) tactileȱdiscsȱandȱtactileȱcorpuscles D) rootȱhairȱplexus,ȱbulbousȱcorpuscle,ȱandȱlamellarȱcorpuscles E) tactileȱdiscsȱandȱproprioceptors Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 4) Whichȱpathwayȱorȱtractȱdetectsȱsensationsȱofȱpainȱandȱtemperature?ȱ(Figureȱ15 -7) A) posteriorȱspinocerebellar B) anteriorȱspinocerebellar C) posteriorȱcolumnȱpathway D) anteriorȱspinothalamic E) lateralȱspinothalamic Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 5) Identifyȱtheȱdescendingȱ(motor)ȱtractsȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord.ȱ(Figureȱ15 -10) A) anteriorȱspinothalamic,ȱposteriorȱspinothalamic,ȱlateralȱspinothalamic B) anteriorȱspinocerebellar,ȱposteriorȱspinocerebellar,ȱlateralȱspinocerebellar C) lateralȱcorticospinal,ȱanteriorȱcorticospinal,ȱrubrospinal,ȱmedialȱandȱlateralȱreticulospinal, tectospinal,ȱvestibulospinal D) gracileȱfasciculusȱandȱcuneateȱfasciculus E) medialȱlemniscus,ȱanteriorȱspinothalamic,ȱposteriorȱspinothalamic,ȱanterior spinocerebellar,ȱposteriorȱspinocerebellar Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 502ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e Essay Questions 1) Whatȱareȱtheȱfourȱtypesȱofȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱforȱtheȱgeneralȱsenses?ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱnatureȱofȱthe stimuliȱthatȱexciteȱeachȱtype? Answer: (1)ȱNociceptors:ȱaȱvarietyȱofȱstimuliȱassociatedȱwithȱtissueȱdamage;ȱ(2)ȱthermoreceptors: respondȱtoȱchangesȱinȱtemperature;ȱ(3)ȱmechanoreceptors:ȱstimulatedȱbyȱphysical distortion,ȱcontact,ȱorȱpressure;ȱandȱ(4)ȱchemoreceptors:ȱmonitorȱtheȱpresenceȱofȱspecific chemicalȱsubstances LearningȱOutcome: 15-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 2) Jakeȱstepsȱonȱaȱpieceȱofȱiceȱwithȱhisȱrightȱfoot.ȱOutlineȱtheȱpathwayȱthisȱsensationȱwillȱtravelȱto reachȱhisȱbrainȱbeingȱspecificȱaboutȱtheȱstructuresȱalongȱtheȱway Answer: WhenȱJakeȱstepsȱonȱaȱpieceȱofȱiceȱitȱwillȱactivateȱaȱthermoreceptorȱwhichȱareȱfreeȱnerve endingsȱinȱtheȱdermis.ȱThisȱsensationȱwillȱtravelȱupȱtheȱaxonȱofȱaȱfirst -orderȱneuron enteringȱtheȱCNSȱthroughȱtheȱdorsalȱroot.ȱTheȱfirst-orderȱneuronȱwillȱsynapseȱwithȱa second-orderȱ(interneuron)ȱinȱtheȱposteriorȱgrayȱhorn.ȱTheȱsecond -orderȱaxonsȱwill enterȱtheȱlateralȱspinothalamicȱtractȱonȱtheȱoppositeȱsideȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱandȱascend toȱtheȱthalamus.ȱAtȱtheȱthalamusȱtheȱsecond-orderȱneuronȱwillȱsynapseȱwithȱa third-orderȱneuronȱwhichȱwillȱendȱatȱtheȱprimaryȱsensoryȱcortexȱonȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱthe brain LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 3) WhatȱareȱdifferencesȱandȱsimilaritiesȱbetweenȱȈcrudeȈȱtouchȱandȱȈfineȈȱtouchȱsensations? Answer: Crudeȱtouchȱrefersȱtoȱsensationsȱfromȱstimulationȱofȱtactileȱreceptorsȱofȱlowȱsensitivity withȱlargeȱreceptiveȱfields.ȱInȱcontrast,ȱfineȱtouchȱrefersȱtoȱtactileȱreceptorsȱofȱhigh sensitivityȱwithȱsmallȱreceptiveȱfields.ȱCrudeȱtouchȱascendsȱinȱtheȱanterior spinothalamicȱpathwayȱwhereasȱfineȱtouchȱascendsȱinȱtheȱposteriorȱcolumnȱpathway Theȱspinothalamicȱpathwayȱcrossesȱtheȱneuralȱaxisȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱbutȱtheȱposterior columnȱpathwayȱcrossesȱinȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongata.ȱBothȱultimatelyȱprojectȱtoȱthe somatosensoryȱcortexȱonȱtheȱcontralateralȱsideȱofȱtheȱstimulusȱinȱtheȱsameȱregionȱof cortex LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 4) Howȱcanȱanȱunderstandingȱofȱtheȱneurotransmittersȱimportantȱinȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱbasal nucleiȱcontributeȱtoȱanȱunderstandingȱtheȱunderlyingȱcauseȱforȱParkinsonȇsȱdisease? Answer: Twoȱdistinctȱpopulationsȱofȱneuronsȱexist:ȱoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱneuronsȱbyȱreleasing acetylcholine,ȱandȱanotherȱthatȱinhibitsȱneuronsȱthroughȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱgamma aminobutyricȱacidȱ(GABA).ȱUnderȱnormalȱconditions,ȱtheȱexcitatoryȱinterneuronsȱare keptȱinactive,ȱandȱtheȱtractsȱleavingȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱhaveȱanȱinhibitoryȱeffectȱonȱupper motorȱneurons.ȱInȱParkinsonȇsȱdisease,ȱtheȱexcitatoryȱneuronsȱbecomeȱmoreȱactive, leadingȱtoȱproblemsȱwithȱtheȱvoluntaryȱcontrolȱofȱmovement.ȱTreatmentȱdirectedȱat increasingȱtheȱsupplyȱofȱGABAȱisȱbeingȱinvestigatedȱactively LearningȱOutcome: 15-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc ... BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 502ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e Essay Questions 1) Whatȱareȱtheȱfourȱtypes of sensoryȱreceptors for theȱgeneralȱsenses?ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱnature of the... LearningȱOutcome: 15-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 486ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 57) Activity of neuronsȱinȱtheȱspinothalamicȱpathwayȱmayȱstillȱsendȱsignalsȱevenȱifȱtheȱfirstȱorder... Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 494ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 88) Theȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱnormallyȱplaysȱaȱroleȱinȱtheȱsubconsciousȱregulation of theȱmuscles of the armsȱisȱtheȱ