Nội dung test bank Giới thiệu về Giải phẫu và Sinh lý học, Cấp độ tổ chức hóa học, Cấp độ tổ chức tế bào, Cấp độ tổ chức, Hệ thống tích hợp, Cấu trúc xương và xương, Bộ xương trục, Bộ xương ruột thừa, Khớp, Mô cơ, Hệ thống cơ bắp , Mô thần kinh, Tủy sống, Thần kinh cột sống và Phản xạ cột sống, Thần kinh não và sọ, Đường dẫn truyền cảm giác và Hệ thần kinh Somatic, Hệ thần kinh tự chủ và Chức năng bậc cao, Các giác quan đặc biệt, Hệ thống nội tiết, Máu Tim, mạch máu và tuần hoàn, hệ thống bạch huyết và miễn dịch, hệ hô hấp, hệ tiêu hóa, trao đổi chất, dinh dưỡng và năng lượng, hệ thống tiết niệu, chất lỏng, chất điện giải và cân bằng axit, hệ thống sinh sản The Chemical Level of Organization, The Cellular Level of Organization,The Tissue Level of Organization,The Integumentary System,Bones and Bone Structure,The Axial Skeleton,The Appendicular Skeleton,Joints, Muscle Tissue,The Muscular System,Nervous Tissue,The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes,The Brain and Cranial Nerves,Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System,The Autonomic Nervous System and HigherOrder Functions,The Special Senses, The Endocrine System,Blood, The Heart,Blood Vessels and Circulation,The Lymphatic System and Immunity,The Respiratory System, The Digestive System,Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics,The Urinary System,Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid—Base Balance, The Reproductive System
Chapterȱ13 TheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱand SpinalȱReflexes Multiple Choice Questions 1) Theȱspinalȱcordȱisȱpartȱofȱtheȱ ȱnervousȱsystem A) peripheral B) somatic C) central D) autonomic E) afferent Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 2) Theȱadultȱspinalȱcordȱtypicallyȱendsȱbetweenȱvertebrae A) T12-L1 B) S4-S5 C) L5-S1 D) L1-L2 E) S5-Co1 Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 3) Arrangeȱtheȱspinalȱmeningesȱfromȱinnermostȱlayerȱtoȱoutermostȱlayer A) duraȱmater,ȱarachnoidȱmater,ȱpiaȱmater B) duraȱmater,ȱpiaȱmater,ȱarachnoidȱmater C) arachnoidȱmater,ȱpiaȱmater,ȱduraȱmater D) piaȱmater,ȱduraȱmater,ȱarachnoidȱmater E) piaȱmater,ȱarachnoidȱmater,ȱduraȱmater Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 4) Enlargedȱareaȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱfromȱwhichȱnervesȱtoȱtheȱshoulderȱandȱupperȱlimbsȱarise A) cervicalȱenlargement B) lumbarȱenlargement C) thoracicȱregion D) conusȱmedullaris E) sacralȱregion Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 402ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 5) Theseȱstructuresȱextendingȱfromȱtheȱpiaȱmaterȱthroughȱtoȱtheȱduraȱmaterȱsupportȱtheȱspinal cordȱbyȱpreventingȱlateralȱmovement A) coccygealȱligament B) ramiȱcommunicantes C) caudaȱequina D) denticulateȱligaments E) spinalȱligaments Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 6) Theȱconusȱmedullarisȱanchorsȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱtoȱtheȱcoccygealȱligamentȱviaȱaȱstrandȱofȱfibrous tissueȱcalledȱthe A) denticulateȱligament B) filumȱterminale C) spinalȱligament D) meningealȱligament E) duraȱmater Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 7) Spinalȱnervesȱare A) purelyȱsensory B) purelyȱmotor C) bothȱsensoryȱandȱmotor D) interneuronal E) involuntary Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 8) Theȱspinalȱcordȱconsistsȱofȱfourȱregionsȱandȱ ȱpairsȱofȱspinalȱnerves A) five B) twelve C) twenty-five D) thirty-one E) Theȱnumberȱvariesȱwidelyȱamongȱindividuals Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 403 9) Theȱposteriorȱrootȱgangliaȱmainlyȱcontain A) axonsȱofȱmotorȱneurons B) axonsȱofȱsensoryȱneurons C) cellȱbodiesȱofȱmotorȱneurons D) cellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneurons E) synapses Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 10) Theȱposteriorȱrootȱofȱaȱspinalȱnerveȱcontains A) axonsȱofȱmotorȱneurons B) axonsȱofȱsensoryȱneurons C) cellȱbodiesȱofȱmotorȱneurons D) cellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneurons E) interneurons Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 11) Theȱanteriorȱrootȱofȱaȱspinalȱnerveȱcontains A) axonsȱofȱmotorȱneurons B) axonsȱofȱsensoryȱneurons C) cellȱbodiesȱofȱmotorȱneurons D) cellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneurons E) interneurons Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 12) Theȱtough,ȱfibrous,ȱoutermostȱcoveringȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱisȱthe A) arachnoidȱmater B) piaȱmater C) duraȱmater D) coccygealȱligament E) periosteum Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 13) Ifȱtheȱposteriorȱrootȱofȱaȱspinalȱnerveȱisȱsevered, A) outputȱtoȱskeletalȱmusclesȱwouldȱbeȱblocked B) outputȱtoȱvisceralȱorgansȱwouldȱbeȱblocked C) efferentȱfibersȱwouldȱbeȱblocked D) theȱbrainȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱcommunicateȱwithȱthatȱlevelȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord E) sensoryȱinputȱwouldȱbeȱblocked Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 404ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 14) Theȱsubduralȱspaceȱliesȱbetween A) theȱarachnoidȱmaterȱandȱtheȱpiaȱmater B) theȱpiaȱmaterȱandȱtheȱduraȱmater C) theȱduraȱmaterȱandȱtheȱarachnoidȱmater D) theȱpiaȱmaterȱandȱtheȱsubarachnoidȱspace E) theȱendosteumȱandȱtheȱperiosteum Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 15) Theȱlayerȱofȱtheȱmeningesȱinȱdirectȱcontactȱwithȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱisȱthe A) duraȱmater B) subarachnoidȱspace C) arachnoidȱmater D) piaȱmater E) choroidȱplexus Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 16) Aȱposteriorȱandȱanteriorȱrootȱofȱeachȱspinalȱsegmentȱuniteȱtoȱformȱa A) cervicalȱenlargement B) lumbarȱenlargement C) spinalȱnerve D) denticulateȱligament E) spinalȱganglion Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 17) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱofȱmeningitis? A) Inflammationȱofȱtheȱmeningesȱoccurs B) Bacteriaȱcanȱbeȱtheȱcause C) Virusesȱcanȱbeȱtheȱcause D) CSFȱflowȱcanȱbeȱdisrupted E) Itȱonlyȱaffectsȱspinalȱmeninges Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 18) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱregardingȱanȱepiduralȱblock? A) Itȱisȱcommonlyȱusedȱasȱaȱmethodȱofȱpainȱcontrolȱduringȱlaborȱandȱdelivery B) Thisȱprocedureȱdoesȱnotȱprovideȱsustainedȱanesthesia C) Itȱcanȱprovideȱsensoryȱandȱmotorȱanesthesia,ȱdependingȱonȱtheȱanestheticȱselected D) Intubationȱisȱnotȱnecessaryȱbecauseȱrespiratoryȱmusclesȱareȱnotȱparalyzed E) Itȱaffectsȱonlyȱtheȱspinalȱnervesȱinȱtheȱimmediateȱareaȱofȱtheȱinjection Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 405 19) Cerebrospinalȱfluidȱflowsȱwithinȱthe A) filumȱterminale B) subarachnoidȱspace C) duraȱmater D) piaȱmater E) arachnoidȱmater Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 20) Theȱspinalȱcordȱcontinuesȱtoȱelongateȱuntilȱaboutȱage A) 20ȱyears B) 10ȱyears C) 4ȱyears D) 6ȱmonths E) 2ȱmonths Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 21) Theȱspecializedȱmembranesȱthatȱsurroundȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱareȱtermedȱthe A) cranialȱmeninges B) cranialȱmater C) spinalȱmeninges D) spinalȱmater E) epiduralȱmembranes Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 22) Bloodȱvesselsȱthatȱsupplyȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱrunȱalongȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱthe A) piaȱmater B) duraȱmater C) epiduralȱspace D) subduralȱspace E) arachnoidȱmater Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 23) SamplesȱofȱCSFȱforȱdiagnosticȱpurposesȱareȱnormallyȱobtainedȱbyȱplacingȱtheȱtipȱofȱaȱneedleȱin the A) duraȱmater B) arachnoidȱmater C) epiduralȱspace D) subarachnoidȱspace E) cerebralȱventricles Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 406ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 24) Inȱanȱadult,ȱtheȱconusȱmedullarisȱisȱfoundȱatȱabout A) T6 B) T10 C) L1 D) L5 E) C8 Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 25) Theȱduraȱmaterȱtapersȱinferiorlyȱtoȱformȱthe A) coccygealȱligament B) conusȱmedullaris C) caudaȱequina D) subarachnoidȱspace E) denticulateȱligament Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 26) Theȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱaȱpersonȱlosesȱallȱfeelingȱandȱmovementȱofȱtheȱarmsȱandȱlegsȱdueȱto spinalȱcordȱinjuryȱisȱtermed A) paraplegia B) hemiplegia C) spinalȱshock D) quadriplegia E) spinalȱtransection Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 27) Theȱlossȱofȱfeelingȱandȱmovementȱofȱtheȱlegsȱisȱtermed A) paraplegia B) hemiplegia C) spinalȱshock D) quadriplegia E) spinalȱtransection Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 407 28) Duringȱtheȱprocedureȱknownȱasȱa(n)ȱ ,ȱaȱneedleȱisȱinsertedȱintoȱtheȱsubarachnoid spaceȱinȱtheȱinferiorȱlumbarȱregion A) myelography B) encephalomyelogram C) laminectomy D) lumbarȱpuncture E) thoracicȱtap Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 29) Billȱcontractsȱaȱviralȱdiseaseȱthatȱdestroysȱcellsȱinȱtheȱposteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱinȱhisȱspinalȱcord Asȱaȱresult,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱyouȱexpect? A) lossȱofȱsensationȱinȱhisȱtorso B) inabilityȱtoȱbreathe C) problemsȱwithȱmovingȱhisȱarms D) uncontrollableȱsweatingȱofȱhisȱfeet E) problemsȱmovingȱhisȱlegs Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 30) Massesȱofȱgrayȱmatterȱwithinȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱare A) ganglia B) columns C) nuclei D) commissures E) horns Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 31) Bundlesȱofȱaxonsȱinȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱareȱknownȱas A) tracts B) ganglia C) nuclei D) horns E) commissures Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 408ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 32) Axonsȱcrossȱfromȱoneȱsideȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱtoȱtheȱotherȱthroughȱthe A) lateralȱwhiteȱcolumn B) posteriorȱgrayȱhorn C) centralȱcanal D) posteriorȱmedianȱsulcus E) anteriorȱwhiteȱcommissure Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 33) Theȱwhiteȱmatterȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱisȱmainly A) unmyelinatedȱaxons B) neuroglia C) Schwannȱcells D) myelinatedȱaxons E) nodesȱofȱRanvier Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 34) Theȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱcontainȱmainly A) nerveȱtracts B) columns C) meninges D) neuronȱcellȱbodies E) funiculi Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 35) Theȱlargeȱanteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱcontainȱmainly A) somaticȱsensoryȱnuclei B) somaticȱmotorȱnuclei C) visceralȱmotorȱnuclei D) visceralȱsensoryȱnuclei E) sympatheticȱnuclei Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 36) Nerveȱtractsȱorȱfasciculiȱmakeȱupȱthe A) centralȱcanal B) posteriorȱgrayȱhorns C) grayȱcommissures D) whiteȱcolumns E) anteriorȱgrayȱhorns Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 409 37) Inȱtheȱspinalȱcord,ȱwhiteȱmatterȱisȱseparatedȱintoȱascendingȱandȱdescendingȱtractsȱorganized as A) nuclei B) ganglia C) columns D) nerves E) horns Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 38) Theȱoutwardȱprojectionsȱfromȱtheȱcentralȱgrayȱmatterȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord,ȱseenȱeasilyȱin microscopicȱspinalȱcordȱcrossȱsections,ȱareȱcalled A) wings B) horns C) pyramids D) fibers E) tracts Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 39) Axonsȱcrossingȱfromȱoneȱsideȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱtoȱtheȱotherȱwithinȱtheȱgrayȱmatterȱareȱfound inȱthe A) anteriorȱgrayȱhorns B) lateralȱgrayȱhorns C) posteriorȱgrayȱhorns D) grayȱcommissures E) whiteȱcommissures Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 410ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e Figureȱ13-1ȱTheȱSpinalȱCord UseȱFigureȱ13-1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 40) Ascendingȱandȱdescendingȱtractsȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinȱwhichȱarea(s)ȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord? A) B) C) 11,ȱ12,ȱ13,ȱ14 D) 1,ȱ2,ȱ3 E) 4,ȱ5,ȱ6 Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 41) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) anteriorȱwhiteȱcolumn B) lateralȱwhiteȱcolumn C) lateralȱwhiteȱhorn D) medianȱcommissure E) posteriorȱwhiteȱcolumn Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 414ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 56) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱassociationsȱisȱincorrect? A) 8ȱcervicalȱspinalȱnerves B) 11ȱthoracicȱspinalȱnerves C) 5ȱlumbarȱspinalȱnerves D) 5ȱsacralȱspinalȱnerves E) 1ȱcoccygealȱspinalȱnerve Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 57) Musclesȱofȱtheȱneckȱandȱshoulderȱareȱinnervatedȱbyȱspinalȱnervesȱfromȱtheȱ ȱregion A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 58) TheȱanteriorȱramiȱofȱspinalȱnervesȱC5ȱtoȱT1ȱcontributeȱfibersȱtoȱtheȱ ȱplexus A) cervical B) brachial C) lumbar D) sacral E) thoracic Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 59) Inȱwhichȱplexusȱdoesȱtheȱulnarȱnerveȱarise? A) cranial B) cervical C) brachial D) lumbar E) sacral Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 60) Inȱtheȱconditionȱ ,ȱaȱvirusȱinfectsȱposteriorȱrootȱganglia,ȱcausingȱaȱpainfulȱrashȱwhose distributionȱcorrespondsȱtoȱthatȱofȱtheȱaffectedȱsensoryȱnervesȱasȱseenȱinȱtheirȱdermatomes A) myastheniaȱgravis B) neuronalȱdamage C) shingles D) chickenpox E) Hodgkinȇsȱdisease Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 415 61) Theȱlayerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱaȱfascicleȱwithinȱaȱperipheralȱnerveȱisȱthe A) perineurium B) epineurium C) endoneurium D) epimysium E) endosteum Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 62) Spinalȱnervesȱfromȱtheȱsacralȱregionȱofȱtheȱcordȱinnervateȱtheȱ ȱmuscles A) shoulder B) intercostal C) abdominal D) leg E) facial Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 63) Theȱ ȱinnervatesȱtheȱventrolateralȱbodyȱsurface,ȱstructuresȱinȱtheȱbodyȱwall,ȱandȱthe limbs A) whiteȱramiȱcommunicantes B) grayȱramiȱcommunicantes C) posteriorȱrami D) anteriorȱrami E) dermatomes Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 64) Aȱviralȱdiseaseȱthatȱdestroysȱtheȱcellsȱofȱtheȱanteriorȱgrayȱhornȱwill A) leadȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscleȱweaknessȱorȱparalysis B) interfereȱwithȱpositionȱsense C) mainlyȱinterfereȱwithȱcrudeȱtouchȱandȱtemperatureȱsense D) blockȱautonomicȱregulation E) affectȱvisceralȱmotorȱfunction Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 416ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 65) Theȱcomplex,ȱinterwovenȱnetworkȱformedȱbyȱcontributionsȱfromȱtheȱanteriorȱramiȱof neighboringȱspinalȱnervesȱisȱtermedȱa(n) A) dermatome B) autonomicȱnerve C) lateralȱnerve D) tract E) plexus Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 66) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱnervesȱoriginatesȱinȱtheȱlumbarȱplexus exceptȱtheȱ ȱnerve A) saphenous B) sciatic C) femoral D) obturator E) genitofemoral Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 67) Theȱ ȱnerve,ȱwhichȱarisesȱinȱtheȱcervicalȱplexus,ȱinnervatesȱtheȱdiaphragm A) ansaȱcervicalis B) lesserȱoccipital C) thoracic D) phrenic E) supraclaviculars Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 68) Theȱlayerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱindividualȱaxonsȱwithinȱaȱperipheralȱnerveȱis termedȱthe A) endoneurium B) perineurium C) epineurium D) metaneurium E) subneurium Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 417 69) IfȱaȱpersonȱhasȱaȱcrushȱinjuryȱtoȱtheȱC -C5 spinalȱsegments,ȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱthatȱhe A) mightȱbeȱunableȱtoȱbreatheȱonȱhisȱown B) couldȱwalkȱwithoutȱdifficulty C) wouldȱhaveȱfullȱrangeȱofȱmotionȱinȱallȱextremities D) wouldȱbeȱinȱaȱcoma E) wouldȱhaveȱdifficultyȱchewingȱandȱmovingȱtheȱtongue Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 70) Maryȱisȱinȱanȱautomobileȱaccidentȱandȱsuffersȱaȱspinalȱcordȱinjury.ȱSheȱhasȱlostȱfeelingȱinȱher lowerȱbody.ȱHerȱdoctorȱtellsȱherȱthatȱswellingȱisȱcompressingȱaȱportionȱofȱherȱspinalȱcord Whichȱpartȱofȱherȱcordȱisȱlikelyȱtoȱbeȱcompressed? A) theȱanteriorȱgrayȱhorns B) theȱanteriorȱgrayȱcommissures C) ascendingȱtracts D) descendingȱtracts E) theȱanteriorȱwhiteȱcommissures Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 71) Theȱbrachialȱplexusȱgivesȱriseȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱnerves except the A) radial B) median C) ulnar D) musculocutaneous E) phrenic Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 418ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e Figureȱ13-2ȱSpinalȱNerves UseȱFigureȱ13-2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 72) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) anteriorȱroot B) posteriorȱramus C) spinalȱnerve D) anteriorȱramus E) whiteȱramus Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 419 73) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) spinalȱnerve B) grayȱramusȱcommunicans C) whiteȱramusȱcommunicans D) posteriorȱramusȱcommunicans E) anteriorȱramusȱcommunicans Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 74) KenȱhasȱaȱherniatedȱdiscȱwhichȱisȱpinchingȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ10Ȉ.ȱHeȱisȱmostȱlikely experiencingȱimpairmentȱinȱwhichȱsensoryȱpathway? A) somaticȱsensory B) visceralȱsensory C) somaticȱandȱvisceralȱsensory D) somaticȱandȱvisceralȱmotor E) visceralȱmotor Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 75) Damageȱtoȱwhichȱstructureȱwouldȱleadȱtoȱparalysisȱofȱlimbs? A) 11 B) C) D) E) Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 76) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) spinalȱnerve B) grayȱramus C) whiteȱramus D) posteriorȱramus E) anteriorȱramus Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 77) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) autonomicȱnerve B) sympatheticȱganglion C) posteriorȱrootȱganglion D) ramiȱcommunicantes E) anteriorȱroot Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 420ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 78) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) peripheralȱnerve B) posteriorȱramus C) spinalȱnerve D) anteriorȱroot E) posteriorȱroot Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 79) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ12Ȉ? A) somaticȱmotorȱcontrol B) visceralȱmotorȱcontrol C) somaticȱsensoryȱinput D) visceralȱsensoryȱinput E) sensoryȱreceptorȱforȱpain Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 80) Whichȱbranchȱcarriesȱmotorȱneuronsȱtoȱstructuresȱonȱtheȱbackȱofȱtheȱbodyȱtrunk? A) B) C) D) E) 11 Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 81) Inȱwhichȱstructureȱareȱsensoryȱcellȱbodiesȱlocated? A) B) C) D) 10 E) 12 Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 82) Supposeȱthatȱyouȱfeelȱsomethingȱbrushingȱagainstȱyourȱabdomen.ȱTheȱsensoryȱinformation wouldȱbeȱcarriedȱtoȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱoverȱa(n)ȱ ȱramus A) posterior B) sympathetic C) lateral D) anterior E) ascending Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 421 83) Theȱspecificȱstripȱofȱskinȱthatȱisȱinnervatedȱbyȱaȱspecificȱspinalȱnerveȱisȱcalledȱa A) root B) ramus C) trunk D) ganglion E) dermatome Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 84) Aȱcomplex,ȱinterwovenȱnetworkȱofȱnervesȱisȱcalledȱa A) dermatome B) ramus C) plexus D) ganglion E) tract Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 85) Recognizedȱneuronalȱcircuitȱpatternsȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing except A) convergent B) divergent C) multipolar D) reverberating E) parallelȱprocessing Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 86) YouȱareȱsittingȱatȱaȱMexicanȱrestaurantȱwaitingȱforȱyourȱfood.ȱTheȱwaiterȱbringsȱaȱveryȱhot plate,ȱtellingȱyouȱtoȱbeȱcarefulȱaboutȱtouchingȱit.ȱYouȱtouchȱitȱanyway,ȱproducingȱaȱpain sensationȱinȱyourȱfingers,ȱaȱwithdrawalȱofȱyourȱhand,ȱandȱanȱauditoryȱcommentȱofȱwhatȱyou areȱthinking.ȱThisȱscenarioȱrepresentsȱaȱ ȱneuronalȱcircuit A) parallelȱprocessing B) reverberating C) serialȱprocessing D) convergent E) divergent Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 422ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 87) Inȱ ,ȱoneȱneuronȱsynapsesȱonȱseveralȱpostsynapticȱneurons A) divergence B) reverberation C) serialȱprocessing D) parallelȱprocessing E) convergence Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 88) Aȱmotorȱneuronȱtypicallyȱreceivesȱinputȱfromȱneuronsȱthatȱoriginateȱinȱvariousȱareasȱofȱthe brain.ȱThisȱtypeȱofȱcircuitȱisȱa A) divergentȱcircuit B) convergentȱcircuit C) serialȱprocessingȱcircuit D) parallelȱprocessingȱcircuit E) reverberatingȱcircuit Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 89) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱwayȱthatȱreflexesȱareȱclassified? A) innate/acquired B) somatic/visceral C) sympathetic/parasympathetic D) monosynaptic/polysynaptic E) spinal/cranial Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 90) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱneuralȱreflexes exceptȱthatȱthey A) areȱautomaticȱmotorȱresponses B) areȱtheȱsimplestȱformȱofȱbehavior C) helpȱpreserveȱhomeostasis D) cannotȱbeȱmodifiedȱbyȱtheȱbrain E) involveȱatȱleastȱtwoȱneurons Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 91) Reflexesȱbasedȱonȱsynapsesȱformedȱduringȱdevelopmentȱareȱ ȱreflexes A) visceral B) innate C) acquired D) somatic E) intersegmental Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 423 92) TheȱneuralȱȈwiringȈȱofȱaȱsingleȱreflexȱisȱcalledȱa(n) A) reflexȱarc B) ramus C) ganglion D) tract E) circuit Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 93) ȱreflexesȱactivateȱskeletalȱmuscles A) Involuntary B) Cranial C) Spinal D) Autonomic E) Somatic Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 94) Theȱmostȱcomplicatedȱspinalȱreflexesȱareȱcalled A) collateralȱreflexȱarcs B) ipsilateralȱreflexȱarcs C) intersegmentalȱreflexȱarcs D) dermatomes E) spinalȱplexuses Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 95) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱmuscleȱspindles except they A) areȱfoundȱwithinȱskeletalȱmuscle B) consistȱofȱspecializedȱfibersȱcalledȱintrafusalȱfibers C) areȱfoundȱinȱtendons D) areȱtheȱreceptorȱforȱtheȱstretchȱreflex E) areȱinnervatedȱbyȱgammaȱmotorȱneurons Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 96) Theȱreflexȱthatȱpreventsȱaȱmuscleȱfromȱexertingȱtooȱmuchȱtensionȱisȱtheȱ ȱreflex A) stretch B) tendon C) flexor D) crossedȱextensor E) reciprocal Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 424ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 97) Spinalȱinterneuronsȱinhibitȱantagonistȱmotorȱneuronsȱinȱaȱprocessȱcalled A) aȱcrossedȱextensorȱreflex B) aȱstretchȱreflex C) aȱtendonȱreflex D) reciprocalȱinhibition E) reverberatingȱcircuits Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 98) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱofȱpolysynapticȱreflexes? A) Theyȱinvolveȱpoolsȱofȱinterneurons B) Theyȱareȱintersegmentalȱinȱdistribution C) Theyȱinvolveȱreciprocalȱinhibition D) Theyȱinvolveȱoneȱmuscleȱgroup E) Theyȱhaveȱreverberatingȱcircuits Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 99) Placeȱtheȱfollowingȱeventsȱofȱaȱreflexȱarcȱinȱtheȱcorrectȱorder:ȱ1)ȱmotorȱneuronȱactivation,ȱ2) sensoryȱneuronȱactivation,ȱ3)ȱsensoryȱreceptorȱactivation,ȱ4)ȱInformationȱprocessing,ȱ5)ȱeffector response A) 3,ȱ2,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ4 B) 3,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ5 C) 2,ȱ3,ȱ4,ȱ5,ȱ1 D) 4,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ5 E) 1,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ4 Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 100) Theȱ ȱreflexȱcomplementsȱtheȱflexorȱreflexȱbyȱactivatingȱcontralateralȱmuscles A) stretch B) tendon C) flexor D) crossedȱextensor E) reciprocal Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 425 101) Theȱflexorȱreflex A) preventsȱaȱmuscleȱfromȱoverstretching B) preventsȱaȱmuscleȱfromȱgeneratingȱdamagingȱtension C) movesȱaȱlimbȱawayȱfromȱaȱpainfulȱstimulus D) usuallyȱdependsȱonȱcranialȱneurons E) isȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱmonosynapticȱreflex Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 102) Reflexesȱthatȱactivateȱmusclesȱonȱtheȱsameȱsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱasȱtheȱstimulusȱareȱcalled A) contralateral B) ipsilateral C) monosynaptic D) involuntary E) polysynaptic Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 103) Reflexesȱthatȱactivateȱmusclesȱonȱtheȱoppositeȱsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱasȱtheȱstimulusȱareȱcalled A) contralateral B) ipsilateral C) monosynaptic D) involuntary E) polysynaptic Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 104) Inȱa(n)ȱ ȱreflex,ȱaȱsensoryȱneuronȱsynapsesȱdirectlyȱonȱaȱmotorȱneuron A) monosynaptic B) ipsilateral C) commensual D) contralateral E) polysynaptic Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 105) A(n)ȱ ȱreflexȱhasȱatȱleastȱoneȱinterneuronȱplacedȱbetweenȱtheȱsensoryȱandȱmotor neurons A) monosynaptic B) ipsilateral C) contralateral D) involuntary E) polysynaptic Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 426ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 106) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱreasonȱaȱreflexȱresponseȱmayȱfailȱduringȱaȱclinicalȱexam? A) Theȱpersonȱmayȱconsciouslyȱsuppressȱtheȱresponse B) Theȱnervesȱmayȱbeȱdamaged C) Theȱpersonȱmayȱbeȱelderlyȱandȱnoȱlongerȱhaveȱanyȱreflexes D) TheȱCNSȱmayȱbeȱdamaged E) Thereȱmayȱbeȱnerveȱconductionȱproblems Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 107) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱaboutȱaȱpositiveȱBabinskiȱreflex? A) normalȱinȱnewborns B) abnormalȱinȱadults C) aȱsignȱofȱinjuryȱtoȱdescendingȱspinalȱtracts D) cliniciansȱtestȱthisȱwhenȱaȱperipheralȱnerveȱinjuryȱisȱsuspected E) flaringȱofȱtheȱtoesȱwhenȱtheȱsoleȱisȱstroked Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying In-Text Figure Based Questions 1) Whatȱisȱtheȱareaȱbetweenȱtheȱarachnoidȱmaterȱandȱtheȱpiaȱmater?ȱ(Figureȱ13 -3) A) duraȱmater B) subduralȱspace C) subarachnoidȱspace D) denticulateȱspace E) epiduralȱspace Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 13-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 2) Inȱwhichȱhornȱareȱsomaticȱmotorȱnucleiȱlocated?ȱ(Figureȱ13-5) A) anteriorȱhorn B) posteriorȱhorn C) lateralȱhorn D) dorsalȱhorn E) centralȱhorn Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 13-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ13ȱȱTheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexesȱȱȱ 427 3) Theȱaxillary,ȱradial,ȱandȱulnarȱnervesȱbranchȱfromȱwhichȱplexus?ȱ(Figureȱ13 -9) A) cervical B) brachial C) lumbar D) sacral E) thoracic Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 4) Whatȱareȱtheȱfourȱwaysȱreflexesȱcanȱbeȱclassified?ȱ(Figureȱ13-15) A) monosynaptic,ȱpolysynaptic,ȱmonosegmental,ȱpolysegmental B) flexor,ȱextensor,ȱcrossedȱextensor,ȱwithdrawal C) somatic,ȱmuscle,ȱvisceral,ȱautonomic D) development,ȱresponse,ȱcomplexity,ȱprocessingȱsite E) dorsal,ȱventral,ȱlateral,ȱcentral Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 13-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Essay Questions 1) Theȱvaricella-zosterȱvirusȱcausesȱchickenpoxȱandȱshingles.ȱTheȱvirusȱattacksȱtheȱdorsalȱrootsȱof spinalȱnervesȱandȱsensoryȱgangliaȱofȱcranialȱnerves.ȱWhatȱareȱtheȱcharacteristicȱsymptomsȱof shinglesȱandȱwhereȱareȱtheyȱlocalizedȱonȱtheȱbody? Answer: Theȱsymptomsȱincludeȱredȱskinȱthatȱisȱwarmȱtoȱtheȱtouch.ȱTheȱskinȱisȱextremely sensitiveȱandȱveryȱpainful.ȱAdditionally,ȱtheȱskinȱformsȱpainfulȱblistersȱthatȱareȱslowȱto heal.ȱTheȱrashȱfollowsȱtheȱdermatomeȱofȱtheȱaffectedȱsensoryȱnerveȱsoȱitȱisȱtypicallyȱa smallȱareaȱandȱusuallyȱaffectsȱonlyȱonȱoneȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 2) Whileȱplayingȱfootball,ȱRamónȱisȱtackledȱhard,ȱandȱasȱheȱtriesȱtoȱgetȱup,ȱheȱfindsȱthatȱheȱhas difficultyȱflexingȱandȱadductingȱhisȱleftȱthighȱandȱextendingȱhisȱleftȱleg.ȱWhichȱnerve innervatingȱtheȱlowerȱlimbȱmayȱbeȱdamaged,ȱandȱhowȱwouldȱtheȱdamageȱaffectȱsensory perceptionȱinȱRamónȇsȱleftȱleg? Answer: Ramónȱhasȱaȱdamagedȱleftȱfemoralȱnerve.ȱThisȱnerveȱalsoȱsuppliesȱsensoryȱinnervation toȱtheȱskinȱonȱtheȱanteromedialȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱthighȱandȱmedialȱsurfacesȱofȱtheȱlegȱand foot,ȱsoȱheȱwillȱalsoȱexperienceȱnumbnessȱinȱthoseȱregions LearningȱOutcome: 13-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 3) Whatȱisȱaȱreflexȱarc?ȱWhatȱcomponentsȱmustȱbeȱpresentȱtoȱqualify? Answer: Aȱreflexȱarcȱisȱtheȱwiringȱpatternȱofȱneuronsȱthatȱunderlieȱaȱparticularȱreflex.ȱAȱreflexȱarc consistsȱofȱthreeȱelementsȱatȱtheȱminimum:ȱ(1)ȱaȱsensoryȱreceptorȱandȱneuronȱtoȱcarry afferentȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱCNS;ȱ(2)ȱanȱexcitatoryȱsynapseȱonȱaȱmotorȱneuron;ȱ(3)ȱthe motorȱneuronȱtoȱgenerateȱanȱactionȱpotentialȱandȱconductȱtheȱimpulseȱtoȱanȱeffector suchȱasȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱmotorȱunit LearningȱOutcome: 13-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 428ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 4) Sometimes,ȱwhenȱitȱisȱdifficultȱtoȱinitiateȱaȱknee-jerkȱreflexȱbyȱtappingȱtheȱpatellarȱtendon,ȱa patientȱwillȱbeȱaskedȱtoȱvoluntarilyȱmakeȱaȱfist.ȱThenȱtheȱreflexȱwillȱbeȱeasilyȱevoked.ȱWhat doesȱthisȱillustrateȱaboutȱtheȱrelationȱbetweenȱvoluntaryȱandȱinvoluntaryȱreflexȱmovement? Answer: Descendingȱmotorȱtractsȱthatȱexciteȱtheȱmotorȱneuronsȱthatȱactivateȱforearmȱandȱhand musclesȱalsoȱsendȱexcitatoryȱimpulsesȱtoȱmotorȱneuronsȱlowerȱdownȱtheȱspinalȱcord TheseȱEPSPsȱspatiallyȱsummateȱwithȱtheȱexcitatoryȱinputsȱfromȱtheȱmuscleȱspindlesȱto quadricepsȱmotorȱneurons,ȱbringingȱtheȱquadricepsȱneuronsȱtoȱthreshold,ȱandȱthus generateȱaȱbriskȱȈknee-jerkȈȱresponse LearningȱOutcome: 13-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc ... Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 412ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 47) Nerveȱplexusesȱareȱformedȱbyȱinterconnectingȱbranches of the A) posteriorȱrami B) anteriorȱrami... Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 416ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 65) Theȱcomplex,ȱinterwovenȱnetworkȱformedȱbyȱcontributionsȱfromȱtheȱanteriorȱrami of neighboringȱspinalȱnervesȱisȱtermedȱa(n)... Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 408ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 32) Axonsȱcrossȱfromȱoneȱside of theȱspinalȱcordȱtoȱtheȱotherȱthroughȱthe A) lateralȱwhiteȱcolumn