Giao thoa văn hóa – EN14

As a result, we will beable to help families and sustain happy marriages.A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting.. The cultural background, visit

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impolite or bowing because form show avoid complex status

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word

In summary, for most visitors, the Japanese are (1) complex and difficult to understand The graceful act of (2)bowing , is the traditional greeting However, they have also adopted the western custom of shaking hands, but with a light grip Meanwhile, to (3) show respect for their customs, it would flatter them to offer a slight bow when being introduced (4) avoid hugging and kissing when greeting It is considered rude to stare Prolonged direct eye contact is

considered to be (5) impolite or even intimidating It is rude to stand with your hand or hands in your pockets, especially when greeting someone (6) or when addressing a group of people The seemingly simple act of exchanging business cards is more complex in Japan (7) because the business card represents not only one’s identity but also his (8) status in life Yours should be printed in your own language and in Japanese The Japanese are not a touch-oriented society;

so avoid open displays of affection, touching or any prolonged (9) form of body contact Queues are generally respected; especially in crowded train and

subway stations (10) where the huge volume of people causes touching and pushing

for dislike no express much look while to be accurately interpreting

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

The most dominant and reliable features of facial expressions provide a constantchannel of communication They can be shifty and evasive; convey hate, fear, and guilt; or (1) express confidence, love, and support

Referred to as “mirrors of the soul” our eyes serve as the major decisive factor

in (2) interpreting the spoken words The eyes of the man converse as

(3) much as their tongues, with the advantage that the ocular dialect needs (4) no dictionary, but it is understood all over the world When the eyes say one thing, and the tongue another, a practiced man relies on eyes Except

(5) for extremely shy individuals, most people look for social acceptance by studying the eyes of others Eyes also can (6) accurately indicate a positive or a negative relationship People tend to look longer and more often at the people whom they trust, respect and care about than at those whom they doubt or (7) dislike Normal eye dilation is not under control of the individual Personally characteristics such as introversion and extroversion also influence eye

behavior Eye behavior seems (8) to be particular importance and is generally used to indicate whether one is open to communication This can be observed when a teacher asks the class a question: students who think they know the

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answer will generally (9) look at the teacher, (10) while students who do not know the answer will usually try to avoid eye contact.

Passage 3: Read the passages carefully, then choose the best option

Greetings in all languages have the same purpose: to establish contact with another person, to recognize his or her existence and to show friendliness The formulas for greeting are very specific and usually do not carry any literal

meaning people say “ Good morning “even if it is a miserable day and may reply

to “How are you?” with “Fine, thanks” even if they aren’t feeling well

Closings, like greetings are commonly used to exchange with no literal meaning.People who are leaving each other permanently or for a long time shake hands

or embrace, depending on the relationship If you are in an unfamiliar situation and wonder what to do, watch other people or ask

It is interesting, and sometimes very important to learn about the standards of courtesy in different cultural areas of the world so that we can practice them well and avoid awkwardness in case we get a chance to visit a person or a

community of unfamiliar social customs

Which of the following is a characteristic of the formulas for greeting?

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In what way are closings similar to greeting?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a They have no literal meaning

b They are familiar

c They are common

d They are exchanges

PASSAGE 1: READ THE PASSAGES CAREFULLY, THEN CHOOSE THE CORRECT

ANSWER.

Traditions, saying, beliefs, language, and values are just a few things that make

up our culture Culture is the framework in which families are structured It shapes our expectations and ideals Culture plays a part in the meaning of marriage and our roles as husbands, wives, children and parents

Understanding cultural differences and similarities related to marriage is

important Culture affects the roles that spouses take within marriages, the age

at marriage and number of children a couple have, the meaning of divorce, cohabitation and non-marital childbearing, and the way parents raise children Understanding how relationships and marriages vary across cultural contexts, and how they are similar, we will be able to identify the unique ways that

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marriages and family life affect people of various cultures As a result, we will beable to help families and sustain happy marriages.

A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting The cultural background, visits to the other country, the language of the countryand learning to speak it, the different habits and ways of doing and saying things that people from other cultures have, are all very exciting indeed What are the disadvantages of a cross cultural marriage or love relationship with someone from another country or cultural background? No matter how much you love your husband or wife, no matter how high your level of cross cultural awareness, cross cultural communication and respect for differences,

misunderstanding seems to be unavoidable

The passage is about ………

a cultural differences

b the role of spouses in the family

c the definition of culture

d the effects of cultures on love and marriage

Passage 1: Read the passages carefully, then choose the correct answer

marriages and family life affect people of various cultures As a result, we will beable to help families and sustain happy marriages

A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting The cultural background, visits to the other country, the language of the country

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and learning to speak it, the different habits and ways of doing and saying things that people from other cultures have, are all very exciting indeed What are the disadvantages of a cross cultural marriage or love relationship with someone from another country or cultural background? No matter how much you love your husband or wife, no matter how high your level of cross cultural awareness, cross cultural communication and respect for differences,

The word It (line 3) refers to …………

Passage 7: Read the passages carefully and choose the best option

Body postures and movements are frequently indicators of self-confidence, energy, fatigue, or status Cognitively, gestures operate to clarify, contradict, or replace verbal messages Gestures also serve an important function with regard

to regulating the flow of conversation For example, if a student is talking about something in front of the class, single nods of the head from the teacher will likely cause that student to continue and perhaps more elaborate Postures as well as gestures are used to indicate attitudes, status, affective moods,

approval, deception, warmth, arid other variables related to conversation

interaction

The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” well describes the meaning of facial expressions Facial appearance – including wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and eye color-offers enduring cues that reveille information about age, sex, race, ethnic origin, and status

A less permanent second set of facial cues-including length of hair, hairstyle, cleanliness, and facial hair-relate to an individual’s idea of beauty A third group

of facial markers are momentary expressions that signal that cause changes in the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids, cheeks, nose, lips, and chin, such as raising theeyebrows, wrinkling the brow, curling the lip

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Some facial expressions are readily visible, while others are fleeting Both types can positively or negatively reinforce the spoken words and convey cues

concerning emotions and attitudes

Gestures ………

a may interrupt the flow of a conversation

b can do nothing with a conversation

c can end a conversation more quickly than usual

d can clarify the meaning of verbal messages

Passage 7: Read the passages carefully and choose the best option

Body postures and movements are frequently indicators of self-confidence, energy, fatigue, or status Cognitively, gestures operate to clarify, contradict, or replace verbal messages Gestures also serve an important function with regard

to regulating the flow of conversation For example, if a student is talking about something in front of the class, single nods of the head from the teacher will likely cause that student to continue and perhaps more elaborate Postures as well as gestures are used to indicate attitudes, status, affective moods,

approval, deception, warmth, arid other variables related to conversation

interaction

The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” well describes the meaning of facial expressions Facial appearance – including wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and eye color-offers enduring cues that reveille information about age, sex, race, ethnic origin, and status

A less permanent second set of facial cues-including length of hair, hairstyle, cleanliness, and facial hair-relate to an individual’s idea of beauty A third group

of facial markers are momentary expressions that signal that cause changes in the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids, cheeks, nose, lips, and chin, such as raising theeyebrows, wrinkling the brow, curling the lip

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Some facial expressions are readily visible, while others are fleeting Both types can positively or negatively reinforce the spoken words and convey cues

concerning emotions and attitudes

According to the writer, “A picture is worth a thousand words” means ………

a a picture of a face is more valuable than a thousand words

b he has just bought a picture with a thousand words on it

c facial gestures can convey a lot of meanings

d a picture is more important than a thousand words

If you invite an American friend to join you to have dinner in a restaurant, phonethe restaurant first to find out if you need a reservation to avoid a long wait for table To make a reservation, just give your name, the number of people in your group, and the time you plan to arrive When you invite someone to have

dinner, you should be prepared to pay the bill and reach for it when it arrives However, if your companion insists on playing his or her share, do not get into argument about it Some people prefer to pay their own way so that they do not feel indebted, and those feelings should be respected In most American

restaurants, the waiter or waitress’s tip is not added to the bill If the service was adequate, it is customary to leave a tip equal to about 15% of the bill In expensive restaurants, leave a bit more

When you invite someone to have dinner, you……

a should prepare to pay the bill

b Only the speaker let him to pay himself

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c share the bill with him

d give the bill to him

If you are invited to an American friend’s home for dinner, remember these general rules for polite behaviour First of all, arrive approximately on time but not early Americans expect promptness It will be all right to be 10 or 15

minutes late, but not 45 minutes late When you are invited to someone’s home for meal, it is polite to bring a small gift Flowers and candy are always

appropriate If you have something attractive made in your country, your host orhostess will certainly enjoy receiving that gift What will you do if you are servedsome food that you cannot eat or you do not like? Do not make a fuss about it Simply eat what you can and hope that no one noticed it Be sure to complimentthe cook on the food that you are enjoying Do not leave immediately after dinner, but do not over-stay your welcome, either The next day, call or write a thank- you note to say how much you enjoyed the evening

If you are invited to American friend’s home, …………

a you should be late at least 45 minutes

b politeness is not necessary

c Punctuality is appreciated

d you should go late a bit

When people plan to marry, they expect to find in their partner not only a lover but a friend also They find a person with whom they can share their opinions, their emotions, thoughts and fears In marriage we are looking for a partner whowill be able to understand our values, our likes and dislikes

If a man and a woman are born and raised in the same country, most likely they are familiar with the same songs, movies, jokes, books and life in general They

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basically have the same roots In the case of a western man and foreign woman family everything is more complicated and requires much more patience and understanding from both spouses On one hand each of the partners has an opportunity to learn a great deal about the other’s country, culture, traditions and life styles which can be very interesting On the other hand it can be very disappointing if there is the inability to understand your partner’s excitements and frustrations For example, you are watching the television and suddenly you see a famous actor or singer, or other type of an artist whose name you have grown up with Maybe this artist was an idol for your parents and the music of this artist was often played in your house when you were a child Unfortunately you realize that your wife is unable to understand your feelings because she has

no idea who this artist is Her eyes are absolutely empty because she has never even heard the song before You feel rather disappointed! Remember that your wife has the same situation with you You do not know her country’s songs, her country’s famous actors, her books She has her own memories and in actuality, for her, everything is much more difficult than it is for you At least, you live in your own country where everybody can understand you She lives in completely strange surroundings, where she has nobody to share her feelings with, except you

Do some research and learn about your wife’s country, culture and lifestyles Talk with her, ask her questions, get to know what songs she likes, what movies and books are of interest to her The Internet will give you a great opportunity tofind anything! Tell her about your country’s culture, let her listen to the music that you like, rent a movie for her that left you with great impression Let her understand you better through the things that you like Patience and time will help you to fight cultural differences

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Passage 2: Read the passages carefully, then choose the correct answer.

If a man and a woman are born and raised in the same country, most likely they are familiar with the same songs, movies, jokes, books and life in general They basically have the same roots In the case of a western man and foreign woman family everything is more complicated and requires much more patience and understanding from both spouses On one hand each of the partners has an opportunity to learn a great deal about the other’s country, culture, traditions and life styles which can be very interesting On the other hand it can be very disappointing if there is the inability to understand your partner’s excitements and frustrations For example, you are watching the television and suddenly you see a famous actor or singer, or other type of an artist whose name you have grown up with Maybe this artist was an idol for your parents and the music of this artist was often played in your house when you were a child Unfortunately you realize that your wife is unable to understand your feelings because she has

no idea who this artist is Her eyes are absolutely empty because she has never even heard the song before You feel rather disappointed! Remember that your wife has the same situation with you You do not know her country’s songs, her country’s famous actors, her books She has her own memories and in actuality, for her, everything is much more difficult than it is for you At least, you live in your own country where everybody can understand you She lives in completely strange surroundings, where she has nobody to share her feelings with, except you

To overcome cultural differences in marriage needs …………

a time and money

b movies and music

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c patience and time

d books and the Internet

If you invite an American friend to join you to have dinner in a restaurant, phonethe restaurant first to find out if you need a reservation to avoid a long wait for table To make a reservation, just give your name, the number of people in your group, and the time you plan to arrive When you invite someone to have

dinner, you should be prepared to pay the bill and reach for it when it arrives However, if your companion insists on playing his or her share, do not get into argument about it Some people prefer to pay their own way so that they do not feel indebted, and those feelings should be respected In most American

restaurants, the waiter or waitress’s tip is not added to the bill If the service was adequate, it is customary to leave a tip equal to about 15% of the bill In expensive restaurants, leave a bit more

In most American restaurants, ………

a the tip is about 15% of the bill

b Waiters and waitresses never get the tip

c you should not give the tip to waiters or waitresses

d the tip is added to the bill

If you are invited to an American friend’s home for dinner, remember these general rules for polite behaviour First of all, arrive approximately on time but not early Americans expect promptness It will be all right to be 10 or 15

minutes late, but not 45 minutes late When you are invited to someone’s home for meal, it is polite to bring a small gift Flowers and candy are always

appropriate If you have something attractive made in your country, your host orhostess will certainly enjoy receiving that gift What will you do if you are servedsome food that you cannot eat or you do not like? Do not make a fuss about it

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Simply eat what you can and hope that no one noticed it Be sure to complimentthe cook on the food that you are enjoying Do not leave immediately after dinner, but do not over-stay your welcome, either The next day, call or write a thank- you note to say how much you enjoyed the evening.

If there is some food that you cannot eat, …

a make a fuss about it c

b do not eat anything

c do not make a fuss about it

d ask the host to cook you another dish

If a man and a woman are born and raised in the same country, most likely they are familiar with the same songs, movies, jokes, books and life in general They basically have the same roots In the case of a western man and foreign woman family everything is more complicated and requires much more patience and understanding from both spouses On one hand each of the partners has an opportunity to learn a great deal about the other’s country, culture, traditions and life styles which can be very interesting On the other hand it can be very disappointing if there is the inability to understand your partner’s excitements and frustrations For example, you are watching the television and suddenly you see a famous actor or singer, or other type of an artist whose name you have grown up with Maybe this artist was an idol for your parents and the music of this artist was often played in your house when you were a child Unfortunately you realize that your wife is unable to understand your feelings because she has

no idea who this artist is Her eyes are absolutely empty because she has never even heard the song before You feel rather disappointed! Remember that your wife has the same situation with you You do not know her country’s songs, her country’s famous actors, her books She has her own memories and in actuality, for her, everything is much more difficult than it is for you At least, you live in

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your own country where everybody can understand you She lives in completely strange surroundings, where she has nobody to share her feelings with, except you.

According to the passage, ………

a Spouses who have the same nationality need more patience and

understanding in their marriage than those who are from different cultures

b Spouses who are from different cultures can never share anything

together

c Spouses who have the same roots go not share anything together

d Spouses who are from different cultures need more patience and

understanding in their marriage than those who have the same roots

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A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting The cultural background, visits to the other country, the language of the countryand learning to speak it, the different habits and ways of doing and saying things that people from other cultures have, are all very exciting indeed What are the disadvantages of a cross cultural marriage or love relationship with someone from another country or cultural background? No matter how much you love your husband or wife, no matter how high your level of cross cultural awareness, cross cultural communication and respect for differences,

According to the writer, cross-cultural marriage …………

a have both advantages and disadvantages

b does not have advantages

c does not exist through time

d does not have disadvantages

A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting The cultural background, visits to the other country, the language of the country

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and learning to speak it, the different habits and ways of doing and saying

things that people from other cultures have, are all very exciting indeed What are the disadvantages of a cross cultural marriage or love relationship with someone from another country or cultural background? No matter how much you love your husband or wife, no matter how high your level of cross cultural awareness, cross cultural communication and respect for differences,

According to the passage, which of the following is not affected by culture?

a Child-raising

b The roles of spouses

c How much spouses love each other

d The age to get married

According to the passage, what should you do when you are in an unfamiliar situation ?

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