BÀI MẪU CHO ĐỀ THI 07/09/2019 VÀ TỪ VỰNG CHẤT CHO CHỦ ĐỀ THE ENVIRONMENT BY NGOCBACH The charts show the percentage of male and female students choosing science subjects in one university in 1992 and 2012 and the three most popular science subjects which they studied 50 45 p e r c e n t a g e 40 35 30 25 males 20 females 15 10 1992 2012 + Thông tin lớp online Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thơng tin lớp offline tháng 10/2019: https://ieltsngocbach.com/offline 45 40 p e r c e b t a g e 35 30 25 Biology 20 Physics Computer Science 15 10 1992 2012 Report Plan: Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; male and female>by gender; choosing>who chose Overview/summary paragraph: (1) a higher % of male students chose science subjects (2) biology was the most popular science subject Paragraph 3: the first bar chart – report figures and contrast trends for male and female students Paragraph 4: the second bar chart – contrast the trends for biology, physics and computer science and report figures Report: The first bar chart illustrates the proportion of students by gender in one university who chose to study science subjects in 1992 and 2012 The second chart provides information on the most popular science subjects chosen by these students Overall, it is clear that a higher percentage of male students chose science subjects compared with female students In both years, biology was the most popular science subject among students In 1992, 46% of male students studied science subjects, but this proportion fell to 34% in 2012 In contrast, whereas only one-quarter of females chose science subjects in 1992, this increased to 32% in 2012 + Thông tin lớp online Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thơng tin lớp offline tháng 10/2019: https://ieltsngocbach.com/offline Despite a decline from 40% in 1992 to just over 30% in 2012, a higher proportion of students preferred to study biology than other science disciplines However, there was a significant increase in the popularity of computer science among students, with this figure rising from just 10% in 1992 to 18% in 2012 The figure for those studying physics remained the same at 25% in both years 171 words Task 2: Increases in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment Why is this the case? What can be done to solve this problem? Essay Plan: Introduction: refer to the task question Write that there are reasons for this situation, and there are also solutions Paragraph 2: causes: (1) companies deplete natural resources for profit e.g the search for new energy sources (2) pollution caused by waste from manufacturing consumer goods (3) packaging of consumer goods results in dumping of plastic waste Paragraph 3: solutions: (1) energy – expand renewable energy – e.g wind farms in Europe (2) pollution and waste – research into biodegradable materials and government action against companies which pollute Conclusion: some causes can be identified and some effective measures must be taken to deal with them Essay: It is true that the environment is being damaged and that one of the causes of this is the growing output of consumer goods While some reasons can be identified to explain why this is happening, there are measures which should be taken to deal with this issue There are important ways in which the production of more and more consumer goods is resulting in an ecological crisis Firstly, in order to maximize profits, corporations are depleting natural resources For example, energy is required for all production processes, and so the search for oil and gas reserves has led to habitat + Thông tin lớp online Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thơng tin lớp offline tháng 10/2019: https://ieltsngocbach.com/offline destruction as well as repeated oil spills threatening marine life in the oceans Secondly, toxic waste is released into our environment in the process of producing consumer goods, such as dyed fabrics or detergents Finally, the packaging of consumer goods to make them look attractive has resulted in a huge volume of plastic waste which is simply dumped Ways must be found to alleviate such environmental problems In terms of energy management, public subsidies must be provided for the expansion of renewable energy In many parts of Europe, for instance, offshore wind farms now make a significant contribution to the energy needs of industry From the perspective of reducing waste and limiting pollution, there should be research into producing packaging for consumer goods that is bio-degradable Governments must also exert pressure on producers to cut down on emissions from factories and to fine companies which pollute the land, water or the atmosphere In conclusion, while some reasons can be identified to explain this problem, effective measures are available and must be imposed to make the production of consumer goods more environmentally-friendly 282 words Vocabulary from the environment: an ecological crisis Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a species or a population changes in a way that destabilizes its continued survival Example: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is provoking an ecological crisis which threatens our existence to deplete natural resources Meaning: to reduce the amount of natural resources Example: Timber companies must not be allowed to deplete natural resources by cutting down trees without planting new trees to replace them habitat destruction + Thông tin lớp online Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thơng tin lớp offline tháng 10/2019: https://ieltsngocbach.com/offline Meaning: the process that occurs when a natural habitat, like a forest or wetland, is changed so dramatically by humans that plants and animals which live there Example: The elephant population in the world is declining because of habitat destruction caused by human exploitation of the environment toxic waste Meaning: poisonous, unwanted waste produced by factories Example: Many species of fish are endangered as a result of the toxic waste dumped by industries into the rivers and the sea to alleviate environmental problems Meaning: to make bad environmental problems less severe Example: Everyone can assist in the effort to alleviate environmental problems in the local community through simple actions such as recycling waste or planting a tree in their garden renewable energy Meaning: energy is renewable when it source, like the sun or wind, cannot be exhausted or can easily be replaced (like wood, as we can plant trees for energy) Example: More funding is required from government funds to help companies to develop renewable energy, such as companies which produce solar panels for buildings wind farms Meaning: an area of land on which there are a lot of windmills or wind turbines for producing electricity Example: Wind farms should be constructed in mountainous areas or in the sea, close to land to be bio-degradable Meaning: a substance or chemical that can be changed to a natural harmless state by the action of bacteria Example: Most plastics are not biodegradable, and remain as waste products in the environment for thousands of years + Thông tin lớp online Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thơng tin lớp offline tháng 10/2019: https://ieltsngocbach.com/offline to cut down on emissions Meaning: to reduce the amount of gases sent out into the air Example: People must be made aware of the need to cut down on emissions from their cars if we are to reduce air pollution environmentally friendly Meaning: behavior or products that not harm the environment Example: We can help to protect the environment by using detergents and cosmetics that are environmentally friendly Vocabulary from business and money: to maximize profits Meaning: to increase profits to the highest possible level Example: The company has hired a marketing consultant to recommend how to maximize profits next year Vocabulary from government: to provide public subsidies for Meaning: to give government money to reduce the costs of services or to produce goods in order to keep the price low Example: In order to promote agriculture that is environmentally-friendly, the government should provide public subsidies for organic farmers to exert pressure on Meaning: to use power to influence somebody or something Example: Environmental organisations should exert pressure on governments to invest in renewable energy projects Other vocabulary: output [noun]: + Thơng tin lớp online Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thông tin lớp offline tháng 10/2019: https://ieltsngocbach.com/offline Meaning: the amount of something that a person, a machine or an organisation produces Example: The output of the factory has increased by 10% since the new machinery was installed spill [noun]: Meaning: an act of letting a liquid come, or fall, out of a container Example: Many seabirds died as a result of the oil spill when the ship carrying the oil hit the rocks to dye [verb]: Meaning: to change the colour of something, especially by using a special liquid or substance Example: He dyed his hair, to make it the same colour as the hair of his favourite footballer detergent [noun]: Meaning: a liquid or powder that removes dirt, for example from clothes or dishes Example: There are now environmentally-friendly detergents that not pollute rivers or the oceans to dump [verb]: Meaning: to get rid of something that you not want, especially in a place which is not suitable Example: She found the rubbish dumped outside her door offshore [adjective]: Meaning: happening or existing in the sea, not far from the land Example: From the window of her house near the sea, she could see the offshore drilling which the oil company was doing + Thông tin lớp online Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thơng tin lớp offline tháng 10/2019: https://ieltsngocbach.com/offline ... pollution environmentally friendly Meaning: behavior or products that not harm the environment Example: We can help to protect the environment by using detergents and cosmetics that are environmentally... Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thơng tin lớp offline tháng 10/2019: https://ieltsngocbach.com/offline Meaning: the amount of something that a person, a machine or... whereas only one-quarter of females chose science subjects in 1992, this increased to 32% in 2012 + Thông tin lớp online Package tháng 9/2019 mình: https://ieltsngocbach.com/package + Thơng tin