Counseling Theory Practice of Group Counseling EIGHTH EDITION

Theory and Practice of Group Counseling, Eighth Edition Gerald Corey Acquisitions Editor: Seth Dobin Assistant Editor: Arwen Petty Editorial Assistant: Suzanna Kincaid Media Editor: Elizabeth Momb Senior Marketing Manager: Trent Whatcott Marketing Assistant: Darlene Macanan Marketing Communications Manager: Tami Strang Content Project Manager: Rita Jaramillo Design Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: Caryl Gorska Print Buyer: Rebecca Cross Rights Acquisitions Specialist: Roberta Broyer Production Service: Ben Kolstad, Glyph International Text Design: Kim Ciabattari, Ingalls Design Text Researcher: Isabel Alves Copy Editor: Kay Mikel Cover Designer: Ingalls Design Cover Image: African White Pelicans by Keren Su Compositor: Glyph International © 2012, 2008 BrooksCole, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without

This page was intentionally left blank Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Theory & Practice of Group Counseling EIGHTH EDITION Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it This page was intentionally left blank Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Theory & Practice of Group Counseling EIGHTH EDITION GERALD COREY California State University, Fullerton Diplomate in Counseling Psychology, American Board of Professional Psychology AUSTRALI A • BRAZIL • J A PA N • KOREA • MEXICO • SINGAPORE • S PA I N • UN ITE D K INGDOM • U N I T E D S TAT E S Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Theory and Practice of Group Counseling, Eighth Edition Gerald Corey Acquisitions Editor: Seth Dobin Assistant Editor: Arwen Petty Editorial Assistant: Suzanna Kincaid Media Editor: Elizabeth Momb Senior Marketing Manager: Trent Whatcott Marketing Assistant: Darlene Macanan Marketing Communications Manager: Tami Strang © 2012, 2008 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Content Project Manager: Rita Jaramillo Library of Congress Control Number: 2010928556 Design Director: Rob Hugel Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-8400-3386-4 ISBN-10: 0-8400-3386-9 Art Director: Caryl Gorska Print Buyer: Rebecca Cross Rights Acquisitions Specialist: Roberta Broyer Production Service: Ben Kolstad, Glyph International Text Design: Kim Ciabattari, Ingalls Design Text Researcher: Isabel Alves Copy Editor: Kay Mikel Cover Designer: Ingalls Design Cover Image: African White Pelicans by Keren Su Compositor: Glyph International Loose-leaf Edition: ISBN-13: 978-1-111-51956-8 ISBN-10: 1-111-51956-0 Brooks/Cole 20 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan Locate your local office at www.cengage.com/global Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd To learn more about Brooks/Cole, visit www.cengage.com/brookscole Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com Printed in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it To Marianne Schneider Corey—my wife of 47 years, best friend, valued colleague, and coauthor—who has contributed immensely to the quality of my life and my work This page was intentionally left blank A B O UT TH E AU TH O R hts, 362 Autonomy, 99, 323 Autonomy versus shame and doubt, 143–144 Auxiliary chair, technique, 209 Auxiliary egos, 198–199 Awareness, 290, 293, 302, 305 and insight, 175–176 Can’t statements, 305 Caring, 100 Catching oneself, 177 Catharsis, 102, 141, 195–196 Challenging the group leader, 88–89 Change, 103 Character, personality and, 15–18 Characteristics of an effective working group, 99–100 Characteristics of final stage, 113 Characteristics of initial stage, 80, 85 Characteristics of transition stage, 87–91 Characteristics of working stage, 108–109 507 SUBJECT INDEX Basic assumptions, 325, 427–428 Basic life positions, 333 Behavior, negative, 105 Behavior rehearsal, 355 Behavior therapy, 347 Behavioral assessment, 349 Behavioral practice, 202 Behaviors, actual, 90 Behaviors, problematic or defensive, 91 Beliefs, 39 and attitudes, 35–36 Belonging, 169 Biases, 35–36 Blocking, 25, 28, 31 Blocks to energy, 296–297 Borderline personality disorder, 151–153 Brief psychodynamic therapy, 155–156 Brief therapy, 178 Buddy system, 358 SUBJECT INDEX 508 Characteristics, personal, 39 Child ego state, 326 Choice, creativity and, 168– 169 Choice theory, 405–406 Clarifying, 23, 29 Classical psychodrama, 190, 205 Client colleagues, 16 Client rights, 49 Closed groups, 111 open versus, 74 Closing group sessions, opening and, 31–34 Coaching, 355 Cognitive behavioral, 245, 347–377, 457, 472–474, 476–478 advantages, 374–375 applying to schools, 370– 371 applying with multicultural populations, 371–373 contributions and strengths, 373–374 evaluation of, 373–376 goals, 349–354, 357–362, 364–365, 369, 374–375 group leader role and functions, 351– 352 key concepts, 349–350 limitations, 375–376 mindfulness, 366–367 professional organizations, 376–377 stages of, 352–360 therapeutic goals, 349–350 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 360–370 Cognitive restructuring, 102–103, 357, 385 Cognitive therapy, 362 Cognitive therapy groups, 362– 364 Cohesion and productivity, 96–109 Cohesion, group, 97–99 Cohesiveness, 194 Collaboration, 41 Collaborative empiricism, 363 Commentary, 108 Commitment, 413–414 Commitment therapy, acceptance and, 369 Communication , 108 direct, 26, 30 effective, 30, 42 limits of privileged, 53 privileged, 51 Community feeling, 169–170 Competence, group leader, 61–67 Confidentiality, 48–49, 67–68 exceptions to, 52–53 limitations of, 48–49, 52 right to, 51–52 with minors, 53 Conflict, 87–88, 464–465 Confluence, 296 Confrontation, 25, 104–105, 109, 267 Confronting, 25, 30 Confronting irrational beliefs, 385 Confronting oneself, 16– 17 Congruence, 257–258 Consent informed, 48, 54, 67 parental, 67 Consolidation and termination, 109–114 Consolidation stage, 70 Consultation, 36, 49 Contact, 295–296 disturbances to, 295– 296 Content latent, 140 manifest, 140 Continuing education, 36 Continuum of awareness, 293 Contracts, 338–339 Contribution, 169 Controlling parent, 326 Cooperation, 169 Corrective feedback, 106–107 Counseling groups adolescents, children, college students, 6–7 older people, other types, 7–10 Counseling, personal, 64–65 Counterinjunctions, 328–329 Countertransference, 64, 72, 133–137, 154 Courage, 16, 18 Creativity, 191 inventiveness and, 17 Creativity and choice, 168– 169 Cultural competence, 35 Cultural empathy, 26, 37 Cultural encapsulation, 58–60 Cultural heritage, 36 Cultural values, 57–58 Culturally competent, 12 Culturally encapsulated, 36 Culturally encapsulated counselor, 59 Cycle of counseling, 409 Dealing with system, challenges of, 22– 23 Death and nonbeing, 230–232 Decisions, 329–331 Defensive behaviors, problematic or, 91 Defense mechanism, 131 Deflection, 296 Denial, 130 Despair, integrity versus, 148–149 Development of a group, early stages, 70–95 Development of a group, later stages, 96–117 Developmental stages, 142–149 adolescence, 146 Early recollections, 174 Early stages in development of a group, 70–95 Eclecticism, technical, 215, 461 Effective communication, 30, 42 Ego, 129 Ego-defense mechanisms, 129–131, 157 Ego state, 325–326 Emotional disturbance, 384 Emotional intelligence, 180 Empathic understanding, 260 Empathizing, 26, 30 Empathy, 26, 100, 257, 260–262 cultural, 26, 37 Empty chair technique, 209– 210 Empty self, 246 Encapsulated, culturally, 36 Encapsulation, cultural, 58–60 Encounter, 193 Encouragement, 25, 30, 177 Energy, 296–297 blocks to, 296–297 Enthusiasm, belief in, 17 Establishing trust, 81 Ethical and professional issues, 47–69 Ethical issues multicultural group counseling, 57– 60 training group counselors, 66–67 Ethics of group leaders’ actions, 55–56 Evaluating, 26–27, 30 Evaluation, 71, 114–115 and follow-up, 114–116 Evidence-based practice, 43–44 Exaggeration technique, 309–310 Exception questions, 434–435 Exceptions to confidentiality, 52–53 Exercises, structured, 32 Existential, 222–249, 456, 471–472, 474– 475, 477–478 applying in schools, 241–242 applying with multicultural populations, 242–244 contributions and strengths, 244–247 evaluation of, 244–248 focus of, 223–224 goals, 222, 224–225, 227–228, 230, 232, 243, 246 group, 224 key concepts, 225–238 limitations, 247–248 phases, 241 professional organizations, 248–249 purpose of, 224–225 therapeutic techniques, 239–240 Existential anxiety, 229–230 Existential guilt, 236 Existential isolation, 237 Existential neurosis, 233 Existential orientation, 404 Existential tradition, 223 Existential vacuum, 233 Experiential training workshops, 65 Experiment, freedom to, 101–102 Experiments, 301 Exploration, orientation and, 80–86 Expressive arts, 268–272 Facilitating, 26, 30 Facilitation, 26 Family atmosphere, 171 Family constellation, 171 Fantasy approaches, 308–309 Feedback, 65, 73, 106–108, 109, 129, 176, 267, 356, 437 corrective, 106–107 giving, 27, 30, 49 giving and receiving, 112 negative, 106 positive, 33, 105–107 Feelings, 111 reflecting, 25, 30 509 SUBJECT INDEX autonomy versus shame and doubt, 143–144 early adulthood, 147 early childhood, 143–144 generativity versus stagnation, 147–148 identity versus identity confusion, 146 industry versus inferiority, 145–146 infancy, 142– 143 initiative versus guilt, 144– 145 integrity versus despair, 148–149 intimacy versus isolation, 147 later life, 148– 149 middle adulthood, 147–148 preschool age, 144–145 school age, 145–146 trust versus mistrust, 142–143 Dialectical behavior therapy, 152, 367–368 Dialogue experiments, 307–308 Difficult group leader, 91–92 Difficult group member, 91–92 Direct communication, 26, 30 Director, psychodrama, 192, 197–209, 211, 216–217 Disclaimers, qualifiers and, 305 Disclosing oneself, 27, 30 Disclosures, pregroup, 48–49 Displacement, 130 Disturbances to contact, 295–296 Diversity-competent group counselor, becoming a, 34–38 Division of responsibility, 83, 473–475 Doing, 410–411 Double, 20 Doubling technique, 208–209, 342 Dream analysis, 140–141 Dream work, 310–313 SUBJECT INDEX 510 Fictional finalism, 172 Field theory, 292 Figure-formation process, 292 Final stage, 109–114 Final stage characteristics, 113 Follow-up, 71 evaluation and, 114–116 Formation of group, 71–80, 480–481 Formation stage, 70–80 Formative tendency, 253 Formula first session task (FFST), 436– 437 Free association, 138, 140 Freedom, 50–51, 227–229 Freedom to experiment, 101–102 Frequency and length of meeting, 76 Friendship, 169 Functions, leader, 79, 86, 94–95, 109, 114 Future directions, 369–370 Future projection, 210–211 Games, 331–332 Generativity versus stagnation, 147– 148 Genital stage, 146 Genuineness, 257–258 Gestalt therapy, 288–319, 456, 471, 473–475, 477–478 applying in schools, 313–314 applying with multicultural populations, 314–316 contributions and strengths, 316–317 evaluation of, 316–318 evolution of, 289–290, goals, 288, 290-291, 306 group leader role and functions, 297– 299 key concepts, 290–297 limitations, 317–318 principles, 292 professional organizations, 318–319 stages, 299–301 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 301–313 Givens of existence, 229 Giving feedback, 27, 30 Go-around technique, 31 Goals, 33, 431–433, 455–457 analytic group, 126–127 comparative overview, 471–472 group counseling, identify, 82–83 personal, 464 setting, 26, 30 Gossiping, 28 Group, closed, 111 Group exercises, 301 Group experiment, 301 Group cohesion, 97–99 Group counseling advantages, 5–6 goals, in multicultural context, 10– 14 overview, 4–7 specific populations, 6–7 Group counselor, becoming a diversitycompetent, 34–38 Group, formation of, 71– 80 Group leader as a person, 15–19 challenging the, 88–89 competence, 61–67 difficult, 91–92 problems and issues, 19–23 role and functions, 136–137, 238–239, 263–265, 297–299, 457–458 Group leaders’ actions, ethics of, 55– 56 Group leadership, 15–46 Group leadership style, 38–40 Group leadership skills, 23–31 overview of, 29–31 Group level, 299 Group member, difficult, 91–92 Group, open, 32 Group participants, rights of, 47– 53 Group process belief in, 17 Group psychotherapy, 7–8 Group sessions, opening and closing, 31– 34 Group size, 75 Group techniques overview, 475– 476 uses and misuses, 60– 61 Groups, types of brief group work, 10 counseling, 6–10 involuntary, 49–50 psychoeducational, 8–9 psychotherapy, 7, 10, 63, 98, 143, 150–151, 166 self-exploration, 65 task facilitation, Group work evidence-based practice, 43 introduction to, 2–14 research in, 41–46 Growth tendency, 256 Guidelines for orientation, 77–79 Guilt, 103, 229 Guilt, existential, 236 Guilt, initiative versus, 144–145 Here-and-now, 21, 30, 51, 99–101, 103, 127, 192, 234, 288, 293, 467 Heterogeneous groups, homogeneous versus, 75 Highly effective therapists, 18 History of group work research, 41 Holism, 167, 292 Homework, 27, 32, 34, 99, 355–356, 392–393 Homogeneous versus heterogeneous groups, 75 Hope, 101, 431 Human needs, 403–404 Humor, 390 Key concepts Adlerian group counseling, 166– 172 cognitive behavioral, 349–350 Gestalt therapy, 290–297 existential, 225–238 person-centered, 256–263 psychoanalytic approach, 127–135 psychodrama, 191–196 rational emotive behavior therapy, 383– 386 reality therapy, 403–406 solution-focused brief therapy, 425–428 transactional analysis, 325–335 Knowledge, 36 Labeling, 28, 90 Language, 304–305 nonverbal, 305–306 Latency stage, 145 Latent content, 140 Later stages in development of a group, 96–117 Leader functions, 79, 86, 94–95, 109, 114, 472–473 Leader interventions, 33–34 Leader’s values, 57–58 Length of meeting, and frequency, 76 Liability and malpractice, 67–69 Life-changing psychotherapy, 223 Life positions, 332–333 Life script, 324, 332–335 Lifestyle, 171 Life tasks, Adlerian, 165, 167, 169, 173, 176, 182 Limitations of confidentiality, 48–49, 52 Limitations of group leader, 37, 39 Linking, 28, 31, 34 Listening, active, 23, 26 Logotherapy, 227 Long-term groups, short-term versus, 76 Looking for what is working, 427 Love/marriage task, 169 Magic shop, 211 Maintaining trust, 81–82 Making the rounds, 307–308 Malpractice, liability and, 67– 69 Manifest content of dreams, 140 Meaning, search for, 233–235 Meeting frequency and length of, 76 place, 75 Member functions and possible problems, 79, 85–86, 93–94, 109, 113–114 Mindfulness, 366–367 Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, 368 Mindfulness-based stress reduction, 368 Minors, confidentiality with, 53 Miracle question, 435–436 511 SUBJECT INDEX Identify goals, 82–83 Identity confusion, identity versus, 146 Identity crisis, 146 Identity inclusion and, 80 sense of, 17–18 versus identity confusion, 146 Inclusion and identity, 80 Individual psychology, 167 Industry versus inferiority, 145– 146 Inferiority feelings, 170 Inferiority, industry versus, 145–146 Informed consent, 48, 54, 67 Initial session, 76 Initial stage, 80–86 characteristics of, 80, 85 Initiating, 26, 30 Initiative versus guilt, 144–145 Injunctions, 328––329 Insight, 141, 175, 195–196 Insight, awareness and, 175–176 Integration and application, 453–502 Integrative perspective, 462, 479– 502 application of, 462–470 final stage, 498–501 initial stage, 481–487 pros and cons, 469– 470 transition stage, 487–491 working stage, 491–497 Integrity versus despair, 148– 149 Internal locus of evaluation, 270 Interpersonal, 299 Interpretation, 138–140, 176, 240 Interpreting, 24–25, 30 Intervention, 27, 44–45 Intervention strategies, skills and, 36 Interventions, leader, 33–34 Intimacy, 100–101 Intimacy versus isolation, 147 Intrapersonal, 299 Intrapsychic, 299 Introjection, 295 Inventiveness and creativity, 17 In vivo desensitization, 392 Involuntary groups, 49– 50 Involuntary membership, voluntary versus, 74–75 Isolation, intimacy versus, 147 Issues, unresolved, 32 “It” talk, 304 Journal, 78 SUBJECT INDEX 512 Mirror technique, 210 Mistaken goals, 176 Mistaken notions, 176 Mistrust, trust versus, 142– 143 Modeling, 28, 30, 82, 354–355 Motivational interviewing, 440–445 Multicultural considerations in preparing members, 77–78 Multicultural counseling, 11, 36 limitations in, 478 overview of contributions, 476–477 Multicultural group counseling Adlerian approach to, 180–183 cognitive behavioral approach to, 371–373 comparative overview of, 476–478 competence in, 38 ethical issues in, 57–60 existential approach to, 242–244 Gestalt therapy approach to, 314–316 member preparation in, 76–77 person-centered approach to, 276–278 psychoanalytic approach to, 157–158 psychodrama approach to, 213–214 rational emotive behavior therapy approach to, 395–396 reality therapy approach to, 416–418 solution-focused behavior therapy approach to, 439–440 transactional analysis approach to, 340– 342 various perspectives of, 10–14, 461–462 Multicultural intentionality, 11 Multicultural populations, guidelines for, 12–13 Multiculturalism, 11 Multimethod group approach, 352 Multimodal group therapy, 268, 389 Multiple doubles, 209 Multiple transferences, 133 Narcissistic personality disorder, 151, 153– 154 Negative behavior, 105 Negative feedback, 106 Negligence, 67 Nonbeing, death and, 230– 232 Nondirective counseling, 253 Nonverbal language, 305–306 Not-knowing position, 429 Nurturing parent, 326 Object relations theory, 149– 150 Objective evaluation, 350 Occupational task, 169 Oedipus complex, 146 Open group, 32 Open versus closed groups, 74 Opening and closing group sessions, 31– 34 Openness to experience, 270 Oral stage, 142 Organismic self-regulation, 292 Orientation and exploration, 80–86 Orientation, guidelines for, 77– 79 Orientation phase, 70 Orientation, research, 45 Oughts, shoulds and, 305 Paradoxical theory of change, 290 Paraphrasing, 23, 29 Parent ego state, 325 Parental consent, 67 Past, influence of, 127–128 Penalties, 393 Person-centered approach, 26, 253–283, 456, 471, 473–475, 477–478 applying in schools, 274–276 applying with multicultural populations, 276–278 contributions and strengths, 278–279 evaluation of, 278–281 expressive arts, 268–272 goals, 267, 274, 277, 281 group leader roles and functions, 263– 265 historical background, 254–255 key concepts, 256–263 limitations, 279–281 professional organizations, 281–283 stages, 265–268 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 272–274 Personal characteristics, of group leader, 39 Personal counseling, 64–65 Personal power, 16 Personal responsibility, 227– 229 Personality and character, 15–18 Personality disorder borderline, 151–153 narcissistic, 151, 153–154 Phallic stage, 144 Phase, orientation, 70 Phenomenological orientation, 168, 256, 404 Phenomenology, 168 Picture album, 403 Planning, 412–413 Positive feedback, 33, 105–107 Positive orientation, 425–426 Positive psychology, 426 Possible problems, member functions and, 79, 85–86, 93–94, 109, 113–114 Postgroup issues, 114–116 Practice-based evidence, 44–45 Pregroup disclosures, 48–49 Pregroup meeting, 76, 480–481 Pregroup stage, 71–80, 462–463 Prejudices, 36 Preliminary preparation, 481 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 205–212 training as a safeguard, 217 Psychoeducational groups, 8–9 Psychological freedom, 270 Psychological harm, 27 Psychological risks, 30, 48, 54–55 Psychological safety, 270 Psychological strokes, 327 Psychosexual development, 126 Psychosocial influences, 126 Psychosocial theory, 142 Psychotherapy groups, 7, 10, 63, 98, 143, 150–151, 166 Purposeful behavior, 403–404 Qualifiers and disclaimers, 305 Quality worlds, 410 Questioning, 24, 29, 434 Questions, 240, 304 Rackets, 332 Rational emotive behavior therapy, 382– 399, 457, 472–474, 476–478 advantages, 393–394 applying in schools, 394– 395 applying with multicultural populations, 395–396 contributions and strengths, 396–397 evaluation of, 396–399 goals, 386, 393 group leader role and functions, 386– 387 key concepts, 383–386 limitations of, 397–399 professional organizations, 399 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 387–394 Rational-emotive imagery, 389–390 Rationalization, 131 Reactance theory, 90 Reaction formation, 130–131 Reality testing, 196 Reality therapy, 402–423, 457, 472–473, 475–478 applying in schools, 414–415 applying with multicultural populations, 416–418 contributions and strengths, 418–420 evaluation of, 418–421 goals, 404, 409, 412, 419 group leader role and functions, 406– 407 key concepts, 403–406 limitations of, 420–421 professional organizations, 422–423 stages of, 408 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 407–414 WDEP system, 409–413 513 SUBJECT INDEX Preparing members, multicultural considerations in, 77–78 Presence, 16 Pretherapy, 433 Privacy, 75 Private logic, 171 Privileged communication, 51 limits of, 53 Problem solving, 357–358 Problematic or defensive behaviors, 91 Productivity, cohesion and, 96–109 Professional issues, ethical and, 47–69 Professional organizations Adlerian, 185–186 cognitive behavioral, 376–377 existential, 248–249 Gestalt therapy, 318–319 person-centered, 281–283 psychoanalytic, 160–161 psychodrama, 218–219 rational emotive behavior therapy, 399 reality therapy, 422–423 solution-focused brief therapy, 447–448 transactional analysis, 343–344 Professional training standards, 63–64 Projection, 130, 295 Protagonist, 197–198 Protecting, 27, 30 Psychoanalytic approach, 126–161, 455, 471–473, 475–476, 478 applying in schools, 156–157 applying with multicultural populations, 157–158 contemporary trends, 149–156 contributions and strengths, 158–159 goals, 126–127, 140, 143, 145, 150, 152, 154–156 key concepts, 127–135 limitations, 160 professional organizations, 160–161 therapeutic process, 137–138 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 137–142 Psychodrama, 190–219, 456, 471–472, 474–475, 477–478 applying in schools, 212–213 applying with multicultural populations, 213–214 basic elements, 197–200 classical, 190 contributions and strengths, 214 evaluation of, 214–217 goals, 193, 200–201, 210–211 key concepts, 191–196 limitations of, 216–217 phases, 200–205 professional organizations, 218– 219 role and function of leader, 197 SUBJECT INDEX 514 Recruiting members, 71 Redecisions, 329–331 Redecision therapy, 324 Reeducation, reorientation and, 176– 177 Reflecting feelings, 25, 30 Regression, 130 Rehearsal, 309 Reinforcement, 25, 30, 356–357, 393 Relapse prevention, 360, 362, 364, 366 Relatedness, aloneness and, 237–238 Relational analysis, 137 Relational Gestalt therapy, 289 Relational psychoanalysis, 149 Relationship, 298–299 Religious and spiritual beliefs, 36 Reorientation and reeducation, 176–177 Reorientation stage, 176 Replay, 211 Repression, 130 Research in group work, 41– 46 Research orientation, 45 Research, role of, 40–46 Resistance, 86–95, 131–132, 443, 460, 464–465 Responsibility, division of, 83 Restating, 23, 29 Restructuring, cognitive, 102–103 Retroflection, 295–296 Right to confidentiality, 51– 52 Rights, client, 49 Rights of group participants, 47–53 Risks, psychological, 30, 54–55 Role and functions of group leader, 136–137, 238–239, 263–265, 457– 458 Role of research, 40–46 Role playing, 391–392 Role reversal, 206–208 Role theory, 196 Role training, 211–212 Scaling questions, 436 Screening and selecting members, 72–74 Script analysis, 333–335 Search for authenticity, 235–237 Search for meaning, 233–235 Selecting members, screening and, 72–74 Self-acceptance, 258, 267, 385–386 Self-awareness, 18, 25, 30, 35, 171, 190, 225–227, 256, 258, 304, 314 Self-determination, 227–229, 254, 264 Self-disclosure, 20–22, 27, 29, 103–104, 106, 203 Self-esteem, 169, 180 Self-evaluation, 270, 411–412 Self-exploration, 18, 23, 26, 29–30, 80, 99, 102 Self-exploration groups, 65 Self-investigation, 24, 30 Self-presentation, 206 Self-psychology, 149 Self-rating, 385–386 Self-trust, 258 Self-worth, 169 Setting goals, 26, 30 Shame, 103 Shame and doubt, autonomy versus, 143–144 Shame-attacking exercises, 390–391 Short-term versus long-term groups, 76 Shoulds and oughts, 305 Silence, 240 Sincerity and authenticity, 17 Size, group, 75 Skills and intervention strategies, 36 Skills, group leadership, 23–31 Skills training, 393 Social effectiveness training, 361 Social interest, 169–170 Social skills training, 360– 361 Social task, 169 Socializing, 56 Socioteleological approach, 168 Soliloquy, 209 Solitude, 237 Solution-focused brief therapy, 425–448, 457, 472–473, 475–478 applying in schools, 437–439 applying with multicultural populations, 439–440 contributions and strengths, 445–446 evaluation of, 445–447 goals, 426–427, 431–433, 435, 437–440, 443, 446 group leader role and functions, 428– 430 key concepts, 425–428 limitations, 446–447 process of, 430–433 professional organizations, 447–448 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 433–437 Solution-focused counseling, 425 Spiritual beliefs, religious and, 36 Spontaneity, 191–192 Stage, 199–200 consolidation, 70 formation, 70 transition, 70 working, 70 Stage characteristics final stage, 113 initial stage, 85 transition stage, 87–91, 93 working stage, 108–109 Stages in development of a group, early, 70–95 Stages of a group final stage, 109–114 formation, 71–80 initial stage, 80–86 pregroup, 71–80 Task facilitation groups, Tasks, 468 Technical eclecticism, 215, 461 Techniques, 301 use of, 460–461 uses and misuses, 60– 61 Tele, 194–195 Teleology, 167–168 Terminating, 28, 31, 34, 111–113, 433 Termination, consolidation and, 109–114 Theater of Spontaneity, 190–191 Theoretical approaches Adlerian, 165–186 cognitive behavioral, 347–377 existential, 222–249 Gestalt therapy, 288–319 motivational interviewing, 440–445 person-centered, 253–283 psychoanalytic, 126–161 psychodrama, 190–219 rational emotive behavior therapy, 382–399 reality therapy, 402–423 solution-focused brief therapy, 425– 448 transactional analysis, 323–344 Theory, 39 Therapists, highly effective, 18 Therapeutic alliance, 136 Therapeutic conditions for growth, 256– 258 Therapeutic factors, 100–108 Therapeutic homework, 355–356 Therapeutic partnership, 429– 430 Therapy, experiencing own, 18 Total behavior, 405 Training standards, professional, 63– 64 Training workshops, experiential, 65 Transactional analysis, 323–344, 456, 471, 473–474, 476–478 applying in schools, 339–340 applying with multicultural populations, 340–342 contributions and strengths, 342 evaluation of, 342–343 goals, 323–324, 332, 336, 338, 340, 342 historical background, 324 key concepts, 325–335 limitations, 343 professional organizations, 343– 344 role and functions of group leader, 335 stages of, 335–338 therapeutic techniques and procedures, 338–339 Transference, 64, 88, 127, 132–133, 136 Transition stage, 70, 86–95 characteristics of, 87–91, 93 Treatment plan, 350 Trust, 30, 50, 80–82, 100, 103–104, 108, 264 establishing, 81 in group process, 256 maintaining, 81–82 versus mistrust, 142–143 Types of groups brief group work, 10 counseling, 6–10 involuntary, 49–50 psychoeducational, 8–9 psychotherapy, 7, 10, 63, 98, 143, 150–151, 166 self-exploration, 65 task facilitation, Ultimate aloneness, 237 Unconditional other acceptance, 386 Unconditional positive regard, 257– 260 Unconditional self-acceptance, 386 Unconscious, 128–129 Unfinished business, 111, 113, 280, 294– 295 Universal life tasks, 169 Unresolved issues, 32 Unresolved problems, 140 Uses and misuses of group techniques, 60–61 Values, 35, 39 cultural, 57–58 leader’s, 57–58 Voluntary versus involuntary membership, 74–75 Wants, 410 Warming up, 200–201 WDEP system, 409–413 Working in the present moment, 192–193 Working stage, 70, 96–109 characteristics, 108–109 Working through, 141 Workshops, experiential training, 65 “You” talk, 304 515 SUBJECT INDEX transition, 86–95 working stage, 96–109 Stagnation, generativity versus, 147–148 Standards, professional training, 63–64 Storytelling, 28 Stress inoculation training, 364–366 Stress management training, 364 Strive for superiority, 170 Strokes, 327–328 Structured exercises, 32 Structuring, 83–85 Suggesting, 27, 30 Summarizing, 24, 29, 33 Supervision, 36 Supporting, 25–26, 30 Surplus reality, 194 This page was intentionally left blank This page was intentionally left blank This page was intentionally left blank TO THE OWNER OF THIS BOOK: I hope that you have found Theory and Practice of Group Counseling, Eighth Edition useful So that this book can be improved in a future edition, would you take the time to complete this sheet and return it? Thank you School and address: Department: Instructor’s name: What I like most about this book is: What I like least about this book is: My general reaction to this book is: The name of the course in which I used this book is: Were all of the chapters of the book assigned for you to read? If not, which ones weren’t? In the space below, or on a separate sheet of paper, please write specific suggestions for improving this book and anything else you’d care to share about your experience in using this book NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST-CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO 34 BELMONT CA POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Attn: Marquita Flemming, Counseling BrooksCole/ Cengage Learning 20 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-9801 FOLD HERE OPTIONAL: Your name: Date: May we quote you, either in promotion for Theory and Practice of Group Counseling, Eighth Edition or in future publishing ventures? Yes: Sincerely yours, Gerald Corey No: ... Human Services and Counseling at California State University at Fullerton He received his doctorate in counseling from the University of Southern California He is a Diplomate in Counseling Psychology,... group counseling and ethics in counseling He is the author or coauthor of 16 textbooks in counsel- ing currently in print, along with numerous journal articles His book, Theory and Practice of Counseling. .. Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Eighth Edition (and Student Manual) (2009) • Case Approach to Counseling and Psychotherapy, Seventh Edition (2009) • The Art of Integrative Counseling,