Ôn tập vào lớp 10 phần ngữ pháp

A. WISH IF ONLY I. Structure: - Tửụng lai: S + wish (if only) + S + would/ could + V1 - Hieọn taùi: S + wish (if only) + S + V2/ed (be were) - Quaự khửự S + wish (if only) + S + had + V3/ed + could have + V3/ed II. Exercises: 1. Give the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses: 1. She wishes her father (be) _______________ here now to help her. 2. I wish you (not give) ____________________ them my phone number yesterday. 3. I wish they (visit) _______________ us when they were in town. 4. I wish someone (give) _______________ me a job next month. 5. If only I (can take) ____________________ the trip to Hanoi with her next summer. 6. We wish we (understand) ____________________ all the teachers explanation yesterday. 7. He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes he (watch) _______________ it. 8. If only I (have) _______________ more time to do this job. 9. I wish she (come) _______________ to see me yesterday. 10. I wish that someday I (be) _______________ able to marry her. 2. Rewrite the sentences below, using Wish or If only to express wishes: 1. My father isnt here now. I want him to be here now. 2. You talk more than you work. The teacher wants you to work more than to talk. 3. John would like to be an astronaut when he grows up. 4. Im sorry I didnt help you yesterday. 5. I regret that you didnt give me a chance to tell you the truth. 6. Mary is afraid she wont be able to attend your wedding next week. 7. We regret that we didnt have enough money to buy that house. 8. You drive too fast. Id like you to drive more slowly. 9. You are too lazy. The teacher wants you to be more studious. 10. Im afraid he wont get over his illness soon. 11. Im not a doctor. 12. I havent enough money to buy this book. 13. I live in a big city, but I dont like it. 14. Nam is sorry now that he didnt accept the job. 15. Tomorrow is a workday. 16. We have to work this Saturday. 17. I feel sick because I ate too much ice - cream. 18. Its pity that you werent here last week. Name: ____________________ Class: 9/ ___ - STT: ____ 19. I regret speaking to him so impolitely yesterday.  20. Alan regretted asking Arthur to lend him 20$.  21. I want the baby to stop crying.  22. He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party.  23. The hotel wasn’t good.  24. I didn’t understand the lesson.  25. My friend didn’t pass his exam.  B. ENOUGH I. Structure: - S + be + Adj + enough (+ for + O) + to V1 - S + V + Adv + enough (+ for + O) + to V1 II. Exercises: Rewrite the sentences below, using Enough instead of Too: 1. He is too old to wear this colored shirt. 2. She is too weak to carry this bag. 3. This pen is too expensive for me to buy. 4. Bill is too foolish to understand what I say. 5. This bag is too heavy for her to carry. 6. The test was too difficult for them to do. 7. That sentence was too long for me to memorize. 8. The land is too fertile to grow crops. 9. The room is too noisy for us to study. 10. This book is too dull to read. 11. We were too late to get good seats. 12. Jack is too lazy to make progress in his study. 13. I’m too poor to help you with the money. 14. These oranges are too sour for us to eat. 15. The shelf is too high for the boy to reach. 16. This road is too dangerous for her to go at night. 17. The water in this pool is too dirty to drink. 18. Martha is too ugly to have a boyfriend. 19. This room is too dark for us to study. 20. He studied too badly to pass his exam. C. BECAUSE – BECAUSE OF I. Structure: - … because of + N/ N phrase/ Gerund Phrase - Because/ Since/ As + S + V II. Exercises: 1. Supply either Because or Because of as appropriate: 1. It was difficult to deliver the letter _______________ the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope. 2. We decided to leave early _______________ the party was boring. 3. Rescue attempts were temporarily halted _______________ the bad wealth. 4. Paul may not go to the football game _______________ his grades. 5. They visited their friends often _______________ they enjoyed their company. 2. Change clause of reason to phrase: 1. The teacher is sick. We’ll have no class tomorrow.  2. She walked slowly. Her leg was injured. 3. Mary looks happy. She has just got good marks.  4. He came to the office 10 minutes late. He missed the first bus.  5. She coughed and sneezed. The doctor said she had to stay out of crowd.  6. I didn’t come in time. There was a traffic jam. 7. He stayed at home yesterday. His mother was sick.  8. We didn’t want to go out. It rained heavily. 9. It’s raining, so we stay at home. 10. Most people hear jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog.  11. The climate in the country is healthy, so people like to live there.  12. A computer can be used for various purposes, so it becomes very popular nowadays.  13. Tomorrow is public holiday, so all shops will be shut.  14. Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.  15. She went to bed early because she felt tired. 16. Ann didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold.  17. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult. 18. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark. 19. He came late because it rained heavily. 20. I can’t study because it is noisy. 21. The train came late because it was foggy. 22. All the teacher loves him because his conduct is good.  23. The train was late because the fog was thick. 24. We stopped our car because the traffic lights turned red.  25. The planed couldn’t take off because the climate is warm and damp.  26. He couldn’t drive fast because the street was crowded and narrow.  27. I can’t sleep because the weather is hot. 28. He left school because his life was hard. D. SO SAÙNH I. Structure: - Baèng: S + V + as + Adj (Adv) + as + N (pronoun) S + V + the same (+ N) + as + N (pronoun) - Không bằng: + Thêm “-er” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có một – hai âm tiết (short) + Thêm “more” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có ba âm tiết trở lên. (long) + short Adj (Adv) + er S + V + more + long Adj (Adv) + than + N (pronoun) less + Adj (Adv) - Bậc nhất: + Thêm “-est” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có một – hai âm tiết (short) + Thêm “most” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có ba âm tiết trở lên. (long) + short Adj (Adv) + est in + Nsít (đếm được) S + V + most + long Adj (Adv) + of + Nsn` (đếm được) least Adj (Adv) II. Exercises: 1. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees. Today it’s only six degrees.  It’s 2. The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.  It takes 3. Chris and Joe both did badly in the exam. Chris got 20% but Joe only got 15%.  Joe did 4. I expected my friends to arrive at about 4 o’clock. In fact they arrived at 2.30.  My friend 5. We were very busy at work today. We are not as busy as that everyday.  We 6. Jane cooks better than her sister. Jane’s sister 7. Tom is the best football player in this team.  Nobody in this team 8. Nothing is faster than the speed of light. The speed of light 9. Jack is younger than he looks. Jack isn’t 10. I didn’t spend as much many as you. You E. REPORTED SPEECH I. Structure: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp 1. HT đơn (I walk) 2. HT tiếp diễn (I am walking) 3. QK đơn (I walked) 4. QK tiếp diễn (I was walking) 5. HT hoàn thành (I have walked) 6. HT hoàn thành t. diễn (I have been walking) 7. QK hoàn thành (I had walked) 8. QK hoàn thành t. diễn (I had been walking)  QK đơn (I walked)  QK tiếp diễn (I was walking)  QK đơn (I walked) QK hoàn thành (I had walked)  QK tiếp diễn (I was walking) QK hoàn thành t. diễn (I had been walking)  QK hoàn thành (I had walked)  QK hoàn thành t. diễn (I had been walking)  QK hoàn thành (I had walked)  QK hoàn thành t. diễn (I had been walking) 1. This 2. These 3. Here 4. Now 5. Today 6. Yesterday 7. Tomorrow 8. Ago 9. Next …  That  Those  There  Then  That day  The day before The previous day  The day after The following day  Before  The following … The … after - must  had to/ would have to - must not  was not to (were not to) - can  could/ be able to - will /shall  would/ should/ be going to 1. S + said to + O (+ that) + S + V + O told said 2. asked + O S + wondered + Wh-word (if/ whether)+ S + V + O wanted to know 3. S + told/ asked/ ordered/ forced/ advised/ begged/ invited + O (+ not) + to V1 II. Exercises: 1. “You are my friend.”  He said 2. “I don’t know how to do this exercise.” Johnny said 3. “Don’t come back before 1 o’clock”.  My brother advised 4. “Cook it in butter”. Mrs. Brown told 5. “Teacher, give us better marks, please.” The pupils asked 6. “Put as hard as you can.” She told me 7. “Who put salt in my coffee?” He asked 8. “Are you going to eave tomorrow?” My friend asked 9. “Have you done your homework?” I asked 10. “What time did you go to bed last night?”My mother asked 11. “I must go home now.”I asked 12. “We are waiting for the school bus.” The children said 13. “My father died a year ago.”Mary said 14. “Must you go now?”Mr. Brown asked 15. “Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?” His mother asked 16. “It isn’t so foggy today as it was yesterday?”The teacher said 17. “Shut the door but don’t lock it.”She told 18. “New York is bigger than London.”Tom said 19. “Please help us.”They begged 20. “Don’t forget to send your parents y regards.”She told 21. “How long does it take to get to London?’The traveler asked 22. “I have finished studying my lesson.”John said 23. “I can’t go to the movies with you, John.”Mary said 24. “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”He asked 25. “Did you phone me yesterday?”Tom asked 26. “Can you tell me why you are so sad?” Mary asked F. PASSIVE VOICE Structure: - Boû: he, she, we, they, it, you, someone, people, … 1. - V1/s/es  am/ is/ are + V3/ed - don’t/ doesn’t + V1  am/ is/ are + not + V3/ed - Do/ Does + S + V1 …?  Am/ Is/ Are + S + V3/ed …? 2. - V2/ed  was/ were + V3/ed - didn’t + V2/ed  was/ were + V2/ed - Did + S + V1 …?  Was/ Were + S + V3/ed …? 3. have/ has + V3/ed  have/ has + been + V3/ed 4. am/ is/ are + Ving  am/ is/ are + being + V3/ed 5. was/ were + Ving  was/ were + being + V3/ed 6. will + V1  will + be + V3/ed 7. Modal + V1  Modal + be + V3/ed G. PREPOSITIONS Fill in the missing prepositions: 1. I always come ______ school ______ foot. 2. It never snows her ______ Christmas. 3. The country looks beautiful ______ spring. 4. I can see you ______ Monday. 5. I live ______ the country, but she lives ______ the seaside. 6. He always comes ______ bus. 7. I don’t like getting up ______ the morning. 8. He had learned the whole poem ______ heart. 9. I Miss Smith ______ home? 10. I have breakfast ______ 7.30 every morning. 11. My birthday is ______ the 5 th . 12. My birthday is ______ May 5 th . 13. They come ______the room. 14. I like swimming ______ summer. 15. We get a lot of rain ______ November. 16. I’m very busy ______ present. 17. I have no time ______ the moment. 18. There is vocabulary ______ the end of the book. 19. What would that be ______ German? 20. She is ______ the garden. 21. We are going ______ the theater this evening. 22. The book is ______ the table. 23. I wait ______ half an hour, and ______ last she came. 24. He is sitting ______ an armchair. 25. The picture is ______ the wall. 26. For the last few days I haven’t been able to sleep ______ night. 27. Does this belong ______ you? 28. My cat is very fond ______ fish? 29. I’m quite different ______ her. 30. She insists ______ coming. 31. May I introduce you ______ Miss Brown? 32. Are you interested ______ literature? 33. Won’t you join ______ the game? 34. I’m very sorry ______ what I have done. 35. His son succeeded ______ the throne. 36. I’m not good ______ tennis. 37. My birthday is ______ the first ______ the month. 38. Ken was proud ______ his good marks n English. 39. My plan is similar ______ yours, but it is different ______ Ken’s. 40. Piere said he had become quite fond ______ American hamburgers. 41. It was certainly kind ______ you to help me. 42. I’m not interested ______ polities. 43. Thank you. You are kind ______ me. 44. Are you excited ______ going on holiday next week? 45. Tom is excellent ______ repairing things. 46. Mary is very fond ______ animals. 47. Hurry, or you will be late ______ school. 48. Tom is very quick ______ maths. 49. Miss White is very kind ______ her colleagues. 50. It’s very kind ______ you to help them. 51. They are good ______ learning English. 52. Hurry up, if you don’t want be late ______ school. 53. We are interested ______ swimming. 54. His opinion differs ______ mine. 55. He has waited ______ her ______ a long time. 56. Mr. Smith is very kind ______ us. 57. My friend is good ______ physics and maths. 58. We are proud ______ our people’s heroic tradition. 59. This opportunity is lucky ______ us. 60. I’m interested ______ current events. 61. This chemical is dangerous ______ humans. 62. My house is next ______ the post office. 63. Children are fond ______ candies. 64. He is friendly ______ everybody. 65. We must hurry, otherwise we should be late ______ school. 66. I like that picture hanging ______ the wall ______ the kitchen. 67. ______ the end ______ the street there is a path leading to the river. 68. My brother lives ______ a small village______ the south – west of England. 69. Is Tom ______ this photograph? I can’t find him. 70. Is there anything interesting ______ paper today? 71. When I’m a passenger ______ a car, I prefer to sit ______ the front. 72. It’s a very small village. You probably won’t find it ______ your map. 73. Paris is ______ the river Seine. 74. I didn’t see you ______ the party ______ Sunday. Where were you? 75. I don’t know where my umbrella is. Perhaps I left it ______ the bus. 76. We stayed ______ a very nice hotel when we were ______ Amsterdam. 77. Tom is ill. He wasn’t ______ work today. He was ______ home ______ bed. 78. It’s always too hot ______ my sister’s home. The heating is always on too high. 79. Paul lives ______ London. He’s a student ______ London University. 80. I met Caroline ______ my way ______ home. 81. Shall we take a taxi ______ the station or shall we walk? 82. I must go ______ the bank today to change some money. 83. I’m tired. As soon as I get ______ home, I’m going ______ bed. 84. “Have you got your camera?” – “No, I left it ______ home.” 85. Marcel is French. He has just returned ______ France after two years ______ Brazil. 86. Have you ever been ______ China? 87. We got stuck ______ a traffic jam ______ our way ______ the house through a window. 88. Welcome ______ the hotel. We hope you enjoy your stay here. 89. Don’t wait outside. Come ______ the house. 90. I don’t mind going ______ car but I don’t want to go ______ your car. 91. These photographs were taken ______ a friend of mine. 92. There was a small table ______ the bed ______ a lamp and a clock ______ it. 93. Shall we get a taxi or shall go ______ foot? 94. I didn’t feel like walking home, so I came home ______ a taxi. 95. My house is next ______ the post office. 96. I thanked everybody ______ all the help they had given me. 97. Janet doesn’t take good care ______ himself. 98. It isn’t easy to start looking ______ a job at her age. 99. Don’t tell anyone ______ me. 100. ______ the summer, we went ______ the beach everyday. We stayed ______ a lovely hotel right ______ the beach. ______ the morning we would get up ______ 9.30, have breakfast, and then spend four hours ______ the pool ______ all the other guests. ______ lunch we would eat something light like sandwiches and fruit. ______ the afternoon we would return to the pool area. H. WORD FORMS: Supply the correct word forms: 1. He has (recent) _______________ bought a new car. 2. How (expensive) __________________ the dress is! 3. The cartoon last night was very (interest) _______________. 4. Helen speaks English very (fluent) _______________. 5. The ball was followed with great (excite) _______________. 6. Don’t worry about her (complain) _______________. 7. Butter is one of the (produce) _______________ of milk. 8. He is a (fun) _______________ person. He often makes me laugh. 9. He is famous (act) _______________ in this country. 10. He often writes stories. He is a (write) _______________. 11. (Develop) _______________ countries need help from _______________ ones. 12. She smiles so (attract) _______________doesn’t she? 13. Red (symbol) _______________ communist countries. 14. The cost of (carry) _______________ must be paid by the buyer. 15. Our (fly) _______________ from London to Sydney took 24 hours. 16. He gave no (explain) _______________ for his absence. 17. He is respected for his (simple) _______________. 18. There were ten (compete) _______________ in the race. 19. He worked hard to (product) _______________ good crops from poor soil. 20. Paris is (fame) _______________ for the Eiffel tower. 21. To my (amaze) _______________ the monkey peeled a banana and offered it to me. 22 (Pollute) _______________ air and water are not good for our health. 23. Air (pollute) _______________ makes us unhealthy. 24. My new car is more (economy) _______________ than the one I had before. 25. We didn’t agree with his (decide) _______________. 26. John is old enough to be (depend) _______________ to his parents. 27. I’m _______________ in your project because it is _______________. (interest) 28. Many people think that Faraday is the greatest (invent) _______________ history. 29. The boy was given a prize for regular (attend) _______________. 30. It was one of his most important (achieve) _______________. 31. Where were the competitions (organization) _______________. 32. They have a good (relative) _______________ with their neighbors. 33. Many old buildings in the city were moved to make way for (develop) _______________. 34. The little boy felt very (disappoint) _______________ because his parents didn’t let him go with them. 35. With so many choices, it’s hard to (decision) _______________ what to buy. 36. Countless (improve) _______________ have been made in the textile industry. 37. I’ll give you three sweets in (exchange) _______________ for an apple. 38. In some countries, black people do not have (equal) _______________ with while people. 39. These countries are (prefer) _______________ in important of raw cotton. 40. I can say with (certain) _______________ that you have made much progress in learning English. 41. They live with a great (religion) _______________ belief. 42. Please don’t ask such (person) _______________ questions. 43. This sun block lotion gives good (protect) _______________ against harmful. 44. They spent all their money and made no (provide) _______________ for their future. 45. Because of his love for teaching, David would (continuous) _______________ his teaching career. 46. You should spend your money (economy) _______________. 47. The town is (attract) _______________ situated on the River Ouse. 48. We can prevent flood by (preserve) _______________ the forest. 49. These snakes will not cause you any serious _______________ even if they bite you. They are _______________. (harm) 50. She is an (expect) _______________ mother in a few weeks more. 51. He has no (intend) _______________ of leaving the city. 52. Women nowadays have more (free) _______________ to participate in social activities. Exercises Rewrite: 1. I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years.  It’s years since 2. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.  This is the first 3. You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa.  If 4. The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming. (because)  The children 5. What a pity you failed your driving test!  I wish 6. I’, sorry I missed your birthday party.  I wish 7. Unless someone has a key, we can’t get into the house. (if)  8. He prefers golf to tennis.  He’d rather 9. He’s sorry now that he didn’t invite Molley to his party.  He wishes 10. Unless he phones immediately, he won’t get any information.  If 11. I’m very pleased that we shall meet again soon. I’m looking 12. Maria says she’d like his hair cut for over six months.  Maria wishes 13. My husband didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.  If 14. How long is it since they bought the house? When 15. I haven’t been to Bristol for 3 years. The last time 16. He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train. If 17. I haven’t seen that man here before. It’s 18. We couldn’t drive because of the fog. The fog 19. We didn’t go because it rained. If 20. I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night.  I wish 21. The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor. Unless 22. Why don’t you ask her yourself? I suggest 23. I started work for the company a year ago. I’ve been 24. Maria didn’t apply for the job in the library and regrets it now.  Maria wishes 25. Why don’t you meet to discuss to pay offer?  I suggest 26. How long have you Catherine and Henry been engaged?  When 27. It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice.  I wish 28. The accident happened because the train-drive ignored a warning light.  If the train-driver 29. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.  If 30. “Where is the station car part?”  Mr. Smith asked 31. I would prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday.  I’d rather 32. I last saw him when I was a student. I haven’t 33. It’s six-hours drive from London to Edinburgh.  It takes 34. It is ages Alan visited his parents. Alan 35. Mrs. Taylor does not like living in such a small house.  Mrs. Taylor wishes 36. Mr. Will lost his job because he was late everyday.  If 37. “You’d better go to the doctor if you’ve got a pain in your back”, Anna’ said Henry  Henry suggested 38. Jonas eats very little so as not to put on weight.  39. John is fat because he eats so many chips. If 40. George is not nearly as energetic as he used to be.  George used 41. Please don’t smoke in the kitchen. I’d rather you 42. How long is it since you saw Mary? When 43. Joan will stay on at school unless she fined a good job before September.  If 44. I don’t really want to go out tonight. I’d rather 45. Lucy hasn’t worn that dress since Barbara’s wedding.  The last 46. Let’s go abroad for our holiday this year.  Why 47. I’d rather not see him tomorrow.  I don’t 48. You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry.  Unless 49. The people who were there didn’t notice anything unusual.  No one . same (+ N) + as + N (pronoun) - Không bằng: + Thêm “-er” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có một – hai âm tiết (short) + Thêm “more” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có ba âm. less + Adj (Adv) - Bậc nhất: + Thêm “-est” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có một – hai âm tiết (short) + Thêm “most” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có ba âm tiết trở lên.