Fish transport and fish markets

Fish transport and fish markets Fish transport and fish markets Fish transport and fish markets Fish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish marketsFish transport and fish markets

DIVISION OF FISHES U ^^^iu^^i^^: S ISSUED BY AUTHORITY' PAPERS OF THE Held ill CONFERENCES co7inection with FISH TRANSPORT AND MARKETS FISH HIS EXCELLENCY SPENCER WALPOLE I.IEUT.-GOVERNOR OF THK ISLE OF MAN LONDON WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Llmited I'NTKRNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION AND 13 CHARING CROSS, S.W Sf4 161i 9^ i^^iernational Fisheries Exhibition LONDON, t t(-Ll FIS H 1883 TRANSPORT FISH MARKETS His Excellency Sir SPENCER WALPOLE LIEUT.-GOVERNOR OF THE ISLE OF MAN ( y LONDON WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Limited INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION AND 13 CHARING CROSS, S.W, 1883 Litemational Fisheries Exhibition, LONDON, 1883 Conference on Tuesday, July J 1883 10, H FORDHAM, Esq (Ex-Prime Warden of the Fishmongers' Company), in the Chair The Chairman, in introducing Mr Walpole, said various papers had been read at these Conferences relating to fisheries, to all, but the subject to-day was one which came home and the Executive Committee of the Exhibition hoped that one of the outcomes of the Exhibition facilitate or improve the supply of which could only be done by an fish to efficient might be to the Metropolis, system of trans- port whereby the markets could be supplied, and markets being put on a thoroughly footing He hoped this efficient by those and proper paper might throw some these important subjects as they would expect considering that the author was a gentleman light it who on to do, for some years held the important position of Inspector of Salmon Fisheries in England, and who had since been promoted to the distinguished post of Governor of the Isle of Man AND Mr Spencer Walpole — The FISH TRANSPORT : undertaken to address you to-day large one The FISH MARKETS subject on which is in I have one sense a very question of fish transport and fish markets opens up indirectly almost every topic connected with [14] P fishing and fisheries however, If, any elaborate review of the certainly therefore, make to own powers and most of the remarks shall confine I you some afternoon to this points connected with the I I should I Instead of doing exhaust your patience to attempt to trade of these islands, fish my should probably exceed were I so, propose of the salient internal traffic of fish in this country Before doing so, however, two observations respecting our foreign trade that subject, think, is one which we imported year Last I make one should like to I into in fish, because not fully understood is country this fish worth, round numbers, ^1,660,000, and we exported from in country fish worth £ 1,820,000 the exports of fish almost balance the imports the amount of is imported into 45,000 tons, whilst the amount of reached probably 110,000 — there is country was about this fish which we sent abroad The tons believe that I we which fish imported from abroad, at any rate that proportion of which the Board of Trade includes almost entirely of consisted fish which we eat on the was presumably taken But I which is Newfoundland import of Trade fish off the believe — most and of coasts is not recognised of the salt days of Lent last there Norway and a considerable by the Board of For instance, the large salmon which the autumn in London, which you monger's shop in fish in their trade returns, salt fish first no In point of quantity, a very great difference fish the In point of value, therefore, great difference between the two however, there or may see in arrive in any London, come from the Rhine fish- The lobsters which you are eating now come from Norway whilst the American canneries, to adopt a word which the Americans have coined, send us large and increasing quantities of tinned fish as food, which Board of Trade trace of in the I With respect to the export of the exports consist also chiefly of salt fish, imagine they "Meat preserved are included under the general term of otherwise than by salting." cannot find any I returns staple of export being Scotch herrings fish, I the great believe some 90,000 tons of Scotch herrings are sent annually to Ger- many and There Russia export trade of other however, is, For fish of pilchards are exported from Cornwall amount of able The markets fresh fish a considerable instance, large quantities and a consider- ; sent to the great continental is question of fish transport has, need hardly I add, a close connection with these exports After these very few observations on the export trade, I much should like to deal with the the internal Duke, a in trade in paper read see I fish one at has estimated the gross take of 615,000 tons a year I larger question an that of these fish in of illustrious Conferences, British waters at should like here to bear my testimony to the extreme importance of the figures which the is Duke the first of Edinburgh has given in that attempt, so far as proximately the amount of country ; and I which he has that as one shown fish am set will taken by fishermen will may this be utilised for obtaining kind, the Government of take care that the coast-guard will be fish, I find the 45,000 tons which are imported if, Now to obtain similar information with respect to this 615,000 tons of and in this Admiral Superintendent of Naval Reserves has country it His be followed by his successors, and that the coast-guard regularly employed to paper aware, to estimate ap- can only express a hope that the example important information of this I on the other hand, we subtract from if we add from abroad, it the 10,000 we tons which are exported from this country, consumption the at of Kingdom make I know I that United Kingdom, the contribution which the is making British fishermen are the in fish That 550,000 tons viz., shall arrive to the food of the large figures United of this character a very small impression on most people, and perhaps make them shall that in point of a more little weight intelligible if I tell you 550,000 tons of fish are about equivalent to a drove of 1,500,000 oxen, and that they would supply every man, woman, and child with a dish of one day I will in these islands of a pound in weight on fish three-quarters in each week thoughout the year now examine the Duke of Edinburgh's Of another way these 615,000 tons of are taken off the coasts of England, are 42,000 fishermen fish, where I figures in 372,000 tons may say there 216,000 tons are taken ofi"the coasts ; of Scotland, where there are 48,000 fishermen ; and some 26,000 or 27,000 tons are taken off the coasts of Ireland, where there are 24,000, Duke according to the or, of Edinburgh, 20,000 fishermen The Irish inspectors estimate the number, eight to I think, at nine tons English fisherman for every ton I is ; 24,000 of fish In other words, in England a year are caught for each four to five tons are taken in Scotland Scotch fisherman, while rather more than one taken in Ireland by every Irish fisherman Manx Scotch, and fishing by are swept Irish waters recollect that the boats, When English, and that consequently a large proportion of these 26,000 tons must be taken by vessels foreign to Ireland, am I a little at a loss to conceive what the 24,000 fishermen of Ireland are doing Of this the 615,000 tons of country Billingsgate ; ; 42,000 tons of the fish, 110,000 are exported from are carried remainder, direct by sea to 272,000 tons, or nearly amount half of the whole is by railway carried home available for the supply- to the internal markets of the United Kingdom have made these figures at If I you intelligible to you, all once see the extreme importance of the ques- will at by tion of fish transit Of railway course the railways charge various rates for the carriage of am right in saying that in ;^9 to ;^ lo a ton is some fish cases as own nearer to our A railway rate of very nearly markets ; coasts, charged is id probably about ;^ ^ lO a ton is many but los to a ton on a railway rate of ^2 los a fish which reaches our ton would be equivalent Of course fish of us in the habit of complaining that fish I fish you come equivalent to a charge of on each pound of interested in the provision of cheap all if for the carriage of fish to Billingsgate to a charge of about one farthing a pound are as from charged for the carriage of Billingsgate from the north of Scotland, while an average believe I I much think that most of us We is we are dear, have, perhaps, omitted to from one farthing to a penny on every pound recollect that of fish goes into the pockets of the railway companies of this If this charge country be legitimate, and not ex- cessive, of course nothing further need be said about the matter ; the railways, on the contrary, are discharging an admittedly useful function tity of food possibility reach But there is these rates be charged the market without their many a general feeling amongst are not if anything like current in distributing this large number the quan- consumers, which could not by any to the intervention people that moderate, and that they could not railway companies were exposed to healthy competition I see that in the of the 'Nineteenth Century' Mr PlimsoU has contrasted incidentally the rates charged by railway charged for for the carriage of coal with those companies the carriage of fish To striking one and certainly the contrast : put in it is a very I believe a rhetorical manner, London that the railways carry coal from Yorkshire to many pence about as for carrying fish coal is not as they charge But of course from Grimsby to London Fish being a perishable fish for shillings article, must be carried at a speed and inconvenience to the companies which only is not necessary in the case of coal, and is and fair reasonable some extra sum on they that account this I it charge should purposely therefore abstain from contrasting two rates which are really dissimilar themselves in but ; I should like the rates which the railway companies are the of fish with the carriage rates compare to charging for which they charge for the carriage of a commodity which able commodity was looking a day or two ago I also- is a perish- me one of the railway manuals, and some figures struck as being very surprising I railway companies find the carry one ton of American meat from Glasgow to fish to London in ^5, and that they carry a ton of for from Glasgow to London for a sum which where between as it is, £6 los and £y But this the case is The railways, meat in charge in of meat, undertake to collect the free of charge, the markets in and to deliver London : but free of it the case of in some- contrast, surprising does not represent the whole truth Glasgow London they carry one ton of Scotch meat from for 6^s., that Glasgow at fish the rate only includes the actual charge from station to station, and does not include the cost of collection delivery at Billingsgate to justify a policy of must be fatal to the I own I think this description, public or the it is of rather difficult which interests, cost I am and cannot sure be 22 result doubling the supply in answer to that question in He probable new market in the selection of a The months twelve would make a material difference should not say that Billingsgate was going to be done away like to with in favour of a new market, nor did he think would it be a sensible thing to say, especially after the remarks of Mr Sayer, a gentleman of very large business enterprise Billingsgate, but in he did think the tendency of that gentleman's remarks was rather different from what he intended It seemed extraordinary that these Billingsgate gentlemen themselves did not enter into some understanding with each other to break through the extraordinary trammels which seemed to restrict their business, and to decide that they would compete with other markets which were springing up throughout England and the Continent, by determining modation would have better accom- that either they or Billingsgate, at new market a establish Mr Walpole had inferentially indicated that at least possible that a indicated but a it some seemed little new market might be it was constructed, and had points which were necessary to a fish market, to him that those The extended first qualifications should be and main thing was the geographical position, which should be as nearly as possible central, not, perhaps, in the centre of habitations, but in the centre of communication ; then, possible, if there should be railway communication running through the floor of the market, there should be plenty of all the requirements of the market, sellers, room wholesale, semi-wholesale, and public in as large numbers there should also be room for retail, room buyers and room as thought proper to for a for for the come ; promenade, shops, curing establishments, ice-house, and other things connected with the market Then came the question where the locality 23 should be, and, if these rules were accepted, him that pretty nearly indicated where limited it that Mr it were to be where the some three met these requirements all together, to be the place for the purpose Sayer said would be quite out of the question to it suppose that room curing for connected with the fish-market ; establishments one of alone occupied an acre of ground as soon as possible after was eaten the better it it could be his curing premises Fish was best cured was caught, and the sooner it was HuXLEY Professor must a space could be found for a market if enough where seemed if the water met, there were but or four crossings, and large and to the river, railways and this locality to were to be on the water-side, that If the locality be seemed it then moved a He had Mr Spencer Walpole of thanks vote been struck in to the course of Mr Walpole's remarks with the fullness of knowledge, calmness of judgment, and clear reasoning, which made him so very precious to him as a colleague during the time they were associated together fitness of things in his which it was his ; there was now an appropriate being transferred from the position duty to know about fish, to one in in which he reigned supreme master both as to temporal and spiritual powers over a semi-amphibious population ; and he had listened with extreme interest to the address, and, so far as his inquiries had led him to deal with the particular subject of the paper, must express his entire concurrence in what had been said satisfactory to On him the other hand, to hear the it w-as particularly addendum which he had been kind enough to make respecting the general policy of fishery had and fishing, for he could not but feel that, since he the honour of delivering the opening address at this series of Conferences, there were a great number of people 24 to whom he had taken somewhat the semblance of a red rag to a bull, so that whatever discussion he had happened to be present at until this one, there had been a vehement outburst of objection to the doctrine of not interfering know what you were you did not when about, which he had ventured to broach, and which seemed to him the simplest and most straightforward doctrine be glad to say a word on He in the world should having by accident this topic, been absent on the previous day, when Mr Shaw-Lcfevre read a though paper, was it doing what he himself deprecated, dealing with a matter which was not exactly What he wished to the one before the Conference this, that he did not come say was to the conclusion which he had many years, on the sort of grounds man of science on the contrary, advocated now for so that actuated a doctrinaire ; nothing could be more distinctly and emphatically practical than the reasons which impressed on his mind the first impolicy which existed twenty-five years ago, and which he was happy to think, with the help of James Caird, and Mr Shaw-Lefevre, he had some hand He getting rid of made an his colleague Sir indelible impression his colleagues in would mention an occurrence which the visited on of Skye, Isle When his mind he and the worst part of Ireland, that which was in the most depressed state, could not show people the a population who were half of Portreath He to be in seen had journeyed misery than greater within in a mile and a many parts of the world and seen many savage people, but the population of New Guinea, about which they had heard so much lately, and where he had been a great many years, was vastly better provided with the comforts, decencies, ments of of life than many and refine- of their fellow-subjects in the Isle Skye were twenty years ago He should imagine that 25 at that time the total earnings of might say whole property and everything belonging to his him would not come parties in that one of those peasants, he to more than Glasgow some years Certain interested ^^5 no other purpose before, for he could hear of but a desire to clear their own markets, had got a law smuggled through the House of Commons, where nobody cared anything about by which it was made penal summer months swarming to catch a herring of the year, a time at which herrings were The Act was innumerable millions in it, during the three mere stringent a character that the of so fact of finding scales in the boat was sufficient to insure a man's conviction, and he was fineable £S totally ruined or '^^ That meant that he would be more might be put in prison for doing this even for the suspicion of having done not the imaginable reason smallest should have been passed sufficient intelligence to when potato crop had fined their children failed or was that enactment and stupid, mischievous understand the interests of these unhappy people they were at a time why ; there Yet because there was no one of utterly useless thing way was a It Now it and imprisoned in this were starving, when their There were thousands of herrings within a mile of the shore, and a man might not take his boat out and catch the herrings, simply because of this preposterous law his colleagues It made such a strong impression on and himself that they took the very unusual step of representing the facts to the telling him that if they washed their hands of happy Home Secretary, there were a famine in the Isle of to say that that had never existed all responsibility and Skye He was abomination was cleared away and since, but it had made an indelible impression on his mind, and so long as he had the power to influence this matter in any way he would raise his 26 voice against the enactment of regulations which could not be shown to have any definite purpose, by which poor and men were burdened and brought industrious reach of the law within and created offenders, fined and half when no genuine ground could be shown ruined the law which had fined them That appeared modern the worst forms of oppression It for the to be one of was on that ground that he always ventured to advocate a most careful consideration of laws and regulations with respect to all and he was extremely glad fisheries, any one whose to find judgment he valued so highly and whose knowledge was by equalled now that of very few persons coming forward and advocating the begged move a most hearty to living, same boldly He cause vote of thanks for the admirable paper he had read Mr BURDETT-COUTTS, in seconding the motion, said he was sorry time did not admit of going somewhat at length into the important subject before them, but with regard to a waterside market necessity which had he should to like point out been omitted, namely, that market were to be on the waterside if one the should be capable it of being approached by vessels so constructed as to meet the requirements of stormy weather, in other words seaworthy vessels, carrying by large masts, and for that reason it would have to be below the bridges across the Thames With regard to the proportion of water-borne fish, namely, 40,000 tons, as compared with 90,000 brought by land, he would also point out one peculiarity, namely, that the chief portion of fish brought what was opprobriously by water was called offal the cheaper kind, fish, though he strongly objected to such a word being used, especially considering that week this in kind of fish was eaten by 6000 people every the adjoining dining-room At the same time 27 the prime fish, by If in land and so turbot, soles, any way the on, were mostly brought by water could transit of fish be extended, one would extend a corresponding pro- in portion the food for the poorer classes of the Metropolis, and that seemed With regard any strong important people to think that there was some which should and the consumers of gate gentleman, to not whom for not inquire stop well full artificial did exist magnificent food this had been stated by a Billings- owed a the Exhibition great and a member of the Executive Committee, that day by day of which but exist, It it large quantity of fish this to to Billingsgate, he did not wish to express between the source of supply of deal, thing opinion, or to inquire into the reasons which many led so barrier him the to to that London i^i, had been sold and i%d., the into none of that at that price, 2d a Billingsgate lb He could but he knew reason, had reached the poor fish or in anything like it was It a new thing to a great number of the poor of London who came there and had a fish dinner for 6d., including bread and potatoes, and expensive their way than own homes ; it it it was served would be necessary was a new thing with these various kinds of cheap their ignorance He Metropolis to at a reasonable believed himself mainly from the fault a much more to serve it in become acquainted and the reason for no opportunities of fish, was that they had purchasing them in throughout the price that this was caused which Mr Spencer Walpole had found with Billingsgate, namely, the want of approaches but, wherever it ; was, there was a rising popular opinion, the mutterings he might almost say of a popular storm, which sooner or later, would be heard and would insist on some improvement all over the Metropolis, in the method of 28 One distributing fish to the poor other remark he ^vould make, which was almost forced upon him by a remark which from Mr Bloomfield, and was also suggested fell by a portion of the speech of Mr, Walpole He against the vice, as he might almost call of patronage, and he could not somewhat but think sweeping If denounced merely careless that his it, denunciation was denouncing in inveighed patronage he sums of money charity, giving without exactly knowing the reasons or the objects for which they were given, or without tracing and following out the results which flowed from him but ; as if, he was at one with he gathered from his remarks, he was opposed to patronage agree with him it, the helping hand to in the shape of help, he could not patronage meant the holding out of If men whom fortune and circumstances had deprived of that helping hand, and who had nowhere to look for it, then patronage was' not only heavenly mercy, He but also an economical good should like to explain exactly what the Baroness Burdett-Coutts had done with regard to Irish fisheries She found a district Cape Clear peopled by brave and hardy men lives, day by day and night by risking their miserably small night, in open boats, and they were struggling about compete with to those men those experienced and tutored fishermen from the of in Man and whose she this of their want industry procured of business them boats, to capacity, this something When energy, and extent, like Isle common did not believe in the She trusted them for Mr Walpole had spoken, Cornwall and other English coasts she heard of notion interests that those she used by fishermen of other parts, and she enabled some twelve or fifteen of these men to join together, crew a thoroughly seaworthy boat and to have for each The boats were not 29 given to them, they were lent to them, and The only a legal mortgage was executed was, that she did not charge them interest each case in other charity This was three years ago, and in stating what the result was he could not but pay a passing tribute to one man in the district, the whom a great part of the success of the experiment was due Every half-year a balance Rev Father Davis, to how sheet was presented to him, showing instalments were paid exception of one owine off, and on the one presented not one single there was April man who had to the storms, the half-yearly £ last arrear, with in i the suffered great misfortune and was a behindhand little that exception the whole of these men had With paid their instalments, and were on the high road to own these boats, gentlemen who came and he believed the would bear him out district in from that saying that to a certain extent the face of that small and at one time benighted had been changed district and healthy into a prosperous one Major Hayes (Inspector of Irish Fisheries) wished to add a word or two with regard to a statement made by He had expressed Ireland —that the Mr Walpole regarding Irish fisheries regret that they were doing so little in take per head only amounted to about one ton as com- pared with five the quantity that of fish Now captured should he did not think be judged of way, because immense quantities were Ireland, nication, caught in in where there were no railways or steam commuand "cadgers" or this fish "jolters," plied the surrounding Scotch somewhat or six tons in Scotland, and a greater proportion in England fisheries, was carried through Ireland by people with donkey-carts, country Again, in who sup- dealing with he should point out that Irishmen fished the 30 coasts of Scotland they sent very large numbers of boats ; from the east coasts of Ireland to the west coast of Scotland, and these men joined He Scotchmen acquainted with known well in Ireland that kind, not be but it was the fishermen regularly fished some of them went down They might mouth details of this little Scotland, and in taken by in swelling the total of fish assumed Mr Walpole would as far as Yar- look forward with great hope to the future of the fishermen of Ireland, for it was stated in the annual report issued a short time back, that whereas the mackerel and herring fishing-boats had increased on the part of the Isle of Man, Scotland and England about 50 per cent., these large 100 per cent, Although an he Irish bound felt official, to stand charity Ireland in he was not an Irishman, but up and say that he believed they He were going a-head for and improved boats had increased Ireland within the last seven or eight years in did not think they were looking On the west fact they had coast laboured under a great disadvantage for many years, in always from the want of harbours, and a now Parliament, before not to give Bill was money from the Exchequer, but to give money which belonged to the Irish to Church London subject, for this purpose, for the and he had been summoned purpose of giving evidence on the and he could only say he had given the Bill the strongest support he possibly could, because he was satisfied that without proper harbour accommodation on the west coast, they could have no hope for any great increase there of the large high-class fishing vessels such as were found in the Isle of The Chairman, Man and Scotland in putting the resolution, said Mr Wal- pole had proved to demonstration that very high charges, and without saying anything disrespectful to railway 31 directors, by fish unreasonable charges were raihvay made That was a matter attention would, he hoped, be for the transit of which pubHc to more and more directed, and that railway directors would see it something to promote the cheaper transit of fish to the London market He had to their interest to somewhat also referred to the vexed question of the London market, which had referred to thought it by Mr Burdett-Coutts and Mr He only right to say, that as far as he had been able to judge, little also been Sayer and during the last year he had some opportunity of judging, he did not think the Billings- gate salesmen deserved the harsh things that were some- times laid to their charge, for he believed they were, as a whole, after an honourable body of men all, and difficult narrow only the wholesale market streets incommodious by which it Billingsgate ; situation was it as was surrounded ; was, most in a regarded the but surely the Billingsgate salesmen were not responsible for the width of those streets and the deficiency of access The market was an open market, any one might go and purchase there, and though, no doubt, there was a great deficiency of markets where the poor could obtain their supplies, would be hard on the Billingsgate salesmen to their charge fairly He hoped it to lay that the question would be treated and candidly, that no undue regard to vested interests would prevent the Corporation from doing what might be their their duty with regard to providing suitable access to own market, and be willing to meet, as and that in all that the Billingsgate salesmen far as possible, the public might be done in a kindly and friendly order to accomplish the object which they all namely, the supplying of the poor of London with lower rate than heretofore would demands, spirit, desired, fish at a 32 The vote of thanks having been carried unanimously, Spencer Walpole, Mr one or two remarks which With in reply, said there it was necessary to were only comment on him by Mr Cayley, respect to the question put to whether the paragraph with reference to the construction of a market twenty miles from London had been inserted with his sanction, he would only say that he was not aware that anything he had ever said or written conveyed sanction of the kind ; and if he should approve of such a position, he should incompetent to give any opinion on which any Mr Cayley asked him whether until feel utterly he saw the exact spot was intended to place the market, and the it conveniences of access to it He was a little at a loss to understand some of Mr Bloomfield's criticisms, but, as far as he could follow him, they were both working in exactly the same direction Mr Bloomfield complained that the railway rates were excessive, in which he agreed with him, but he (Mr Walpole) suggested that the true way of dealing with excessive rates was to provide adequate competition in and ; he might be allowed to translate a line if Horace, he would say, him tell knew it ; but if of no better petition ; '* If he knows a better way, not, use this mode than by trying to provide com- he did not suppose even Mr Bloomfield would suggest that the State carry the fish itself should provide steamers to from Skibbereen remarks which had fallen With Hayes, he would say a few words if in to display fishermen respect to the from Mr Burdett-Coutts, and which had been partly seconded by sorry let He method with me." his He Major friend should be very anything he had said to-day he was thought any want of sympathy with Ireland or He Irish ventured to say there was no person the room, Irish or English, who felt more deeply in for the ^2> woes of Ireland than he What did he had said about patronage he said designedly, and he would endeavour to make good some the He was of his words from far criticising wisdom of the policy which Lady Burdett-Coutts was He carrying out should be the first to acknowledge the wise and bountiful charity of that excellent lady, and he might say that he had a double interest for in thanking her what she had done, because she had had the extreme wisdom to go to the Man, where she was pur- Isle of chasing the boats she was sending to Ireland But, if he might take a case from another country where no feeling would be mixed up with the argument, he would en- The Germans, deavour to show what he meant were endeavouring to develop their Irish, would state what was going on Germany had built for large vessels to fish vessels had been when he looked The placed Emden, at — was into the a North Sea the it fisheries, Germany German fishermen in lost in and he A society in fleet of twelve One of those some years ago lost matter, like the it — and, had never been re- other eleven vessels lay most of the year idle whilst, notwithstanding Government imposed heavy Dutch Scotch, Norwegian and the that German protective duties to keep out herrings, the whole of the German markets were now supplied, not by the vessels which the Germans had built, but by the Scotch, Norto prove that own them who selves to That was an instance Dutch fishermen and wegian, industries would not flourish He was so which did not flourish of their because some one wished one of those old-fashioned people could not get out of his head that an industry which was worth having must be one that took grew by heated [14] its own air of effort its You might grow a hothouse, but it own root a plant in and the would never flourish like D 34 the tree which struck its believe any one of his would labour harder woes which the but, as a true way the in fish own countrymen, to try to relieve Having any Irishman, or some of the deep were suffering from than himself; London and reducing the localities to build or again, ; soil say again that he did not general proposition, he would repeat that the encouraging of to of doing good to fishermen was traffic bours Irish open roots in the said this, he only wished by encouraging rate of traffic, or by and construct proper har- by inducing a corporation to provide better markets ; like the City but in any other respect he would say, free the fishermen from restriction, and nothing Sir to create fisheries Henry Thompson, by patronage Bart, then moved a vote of thanks to the Chairman, which was seconded by Professor Brown Goode, LONDON : and carried unanimously PRINTED BV WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFOKD STKEET AND CHARING CROSS £(!>S l^lcrofcrmed by Preservation '\3rvice3 ' PUBLICATIONS OFFICIAL following Hanc' International Fisherie The 11 |||| 8vo., in ||||| 11 |||| ||| ||||| imiiMlilMHiliillllllll ||||| Demy ^ iblished, or in active preparatic 1||| |||||| 1|||| |||||| |||| |||| |||| — » By Frederick Pollock, FISHERY LAWS ? ^^ Smithsonian institution libraries Barrister- at-Law, M.A Professor of Jurisprudence in the (Oxon.), Hon LL.D Edin., Corpus Christi University of Oxford FISHES By George B Howes, School of Mines, Demonstrator of Biology, Normal School of Science, and Royal South Kensington ZOOLOGY AND FOOD FROM THE EARLIEST THE HISTORY OF FISHING Fellow of New College TIMES By W M Adams, M.A (Oxon.), FISHES OF THE MARINE AND FRESHWATER W Saville Kent, F.L.b., t.Z.S., late BRITISH ISLANDS Author of Official [Illustrated.) Guidebooks By to the Brighton, Manchester, and Westminster Aquaria THE BRITISH FISH TRADE.of Man.By Walpole, Lieut.-Governor His Excellency Spencer of the Isle By Francis {Illustrated.) missioner for India to International Fisheries Exhibition FISH CULTURE APPARATUS FOR FISHING By E Day, F.L.S., Com- W H Holdsworth, Special Commissioner for Juries, International Boats, Exhibition; Author of "Deep Sea Fisheries and Fishing Industries— Sea Fisheries," &c FLS., F.Z.S., Fisheries "British FISH AS DIET By W Stephen Mitchell, M.A (Cantab.) ANGLING IN GREAT BRITAIN By William Senior (" Red Spinner") By W Saville Kent, EDIBLE CRUSTACEA Author of Official to the Brighton, Manchester, Guidebooks F.L.S., F.Z.S., and Westminster Aquaria LIFE OF THE BRITISH THE UNAPPRECIATED Bertram, Author of "The Harvest of the FISHERMAN By James G Sea." By C E Fryer {Illustrated.) THE SALMON FISHERIES Assistant Inspector of Salmon Fisheries, Home LONDON AND THE THE ANGLING SOCIETIES OFAngling Editor of " PROVINCES By P "\J^heeldon, late By Francis {Illustrated.) FISHING AND FISH INDIAN India to International Fisheries Exhibition Day, F.L.S., Commissioner SEA MONSTERS UNMASKED {Illustrated) By Henry Lee, FLS THE LITERATURE OF SEA AND RIVER FISHING Office Bell's Life J for By John J Manley, M.A (Oxon.) EXHIBITION By A J R THE OUTCOME OF THEBarrister-at-Law, Literary Superintendent for of the Inner Temple, the Fisheries Exhibition Trendell, LONDON WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES EXHIBITION, & LONDON: PRINTEH BY WILUAM CLOWES AND SOVS, LIMITED, 13, Limited, CHARING CROSS STAMFORD STKEBT AND CHARING CROSS ... one The FISH MARKETS subject on which is in I have one sense a very question of fish transport and fish markets opens up indirectly almost every topic connected with [14] P fishing and fisheries... of Inspector of Salmon Fisheries in England, and who had since been promoted to the distinguished post of Governor of the Isle of Man AND Mr Spencer Walpole — The FISH TRANSPORT : undertaken... coasts of England, are 42,000 fishermen fish, where I figures in 372,000 tons may say there 216,000 tons are taken ofi"the coasts ; of Scotland, where there are 48,000 fishermen ; and some 26,000