Thủ tục phục hồi hoạt động kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp mất khả năng thanh toán nợ theo pháp luật phá sản việt nam tt tiếng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TRAN THI THU HA PROCEDURES FOR RECOVERY OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS OF INSOLVENT ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAMESE BANKRUPTCY LAW Major: Economic Law Code: 38 01 07 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN LAW HANOI - 2019 The Doctoral thesis was completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Nhu Phat Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Le Hong Hanh Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Duong Dang Hue Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Le Thi Thu Thuy The doctoral thesis will be examined by Examination Board of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at ………………………… The doctoral thesis can be found at: - National Library of Vietnam; - Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences INTRODUCTION Rationale The positive development of the socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam over the past few decades has brought remarkable socio-economic achievements, but the loss and bankruptcy of Vietnamese enterprise has also increased constantly, causing many negative consequences for the economy, people and society Like other countries in the world, the State of Vietnam always sets out the task of resolving losses and bankruptcy in order to ensure a healthy and legal business environment for the participants in investment and business The first Vietnamese Bankruptcy Law was promulgated in 1993 and was replaced by the Bankruptcy Law in 2004, effective from October 15, 2004 to January 31, 2014, in which the procedures for recovery of business operations was officially determined based on acquiring international experience and meeting the situation of domestic business development However, after more than 10 years of implementation, the realization this provision was not as successful as expected, there were only one successful case over the country On June 19, 2014, the National Assembly passed the Bankruptcy Law 2014 with the goal of “creating an opportunity for enterprises and cooperatives with conditions to restore and restructure production and business activities” However, the actual implementation of procedures for recovery of business operations of the insolvent enterprise that are under Chapter VII of the Law on Bankruptcy in 2014 is inadequate, the bankruptcy cases at the courts are hardly follow the procedures In most cases enterprises are enough signs of inability to pay debts, the recovery of enterprises by civil, economic and administrative methods before proceeding with bankruptcy procedures has brought more positive results than the method of implementation recovery procedures under the Bankruptcy Law The above fact requires legal science that it is necessary to study and supplement the theory and to re-evaluate the current situation of law and practical implementation to create a basis for perfecting the law and organizing the implementation of restoring business operations of enterprises that are unable to pay due debts Besides, studying of the procedures in some developed countries will give a clearer view of the reasons for effective implementation of it Vietnam is in the process of becoming more and more aware of the socialist-oriented market economy The legal system, mechanisms and policies are increasingly perfected and been more suitable to international law and met practical requirements, in which the urgent need in the immediate period is improving market economy, innovation growth model and economic restructuring The country also needs judicial procedures for recovery of business operations of the insolvent enterprises that are more appropriately with market laws, strongly supporting the development of enterprises and the socioeconomic Facing the above situation, the doctoral student selected the topic “Procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnamese bankruptcy law” as a doctoral thesis It has the meaning of both legal science and practice of settling business bankruptcy procedures and ensuring the country's socio-economic stability and development Purposes and missions of the thesis - The purpose of the thesis are developing reasoning on the procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises that are incapable of paying debts according to Vietnamese bankruptcy law; providing scientific arguments for assessing the legal situation, the practice of implementing procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises and pointing out solutions of such problems - The missions of the thesis: + Evaluating the overall situation of research and issues related to the thesis topic, identifying the left-open content, also debating to raise issues that need further research in the thesis + Researching, analyzing, clarifying and deepening some basic theoretical issues about procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises; identifying specific content in this procedure + Researching, analyzing and properly evaluating the legal status of procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam today; the actual implementation of law on procedures for recovery business activities of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam + Giving directions and solutions to improve the law and improve the effectiveness of law enforcement on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam today Objects and scope of the thesis - The research objects of the thesis are the provisions of law and the practice of law on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises and legal provisions related to these procedures Enterprises that are the subject of the thesis are enterprises in general stipulated in the 2014 Enterprise Law (not including cooperatives under the Law on Cooperatives and business individuals) - The scope the thesis include: Theoretical issues on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises and the legal experience of some countries on the recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises; legal documents that are closely related to the content of the thesis are issued from 2014 up to now in comparison with the previous documents and status; some cases of resolving bankruptcy requests and recovery of business operations of enterprises Research method of the thesis 4.1 Methodology The thesis uses dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism; Ho Chi Minh Thought; guidelines and policies of Vietnamese Communist Party and the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on legislation, on comprehensive renovation of the country and on development of a market economy 4.2 Research methods The thesis uses many different scientific and social research methods such as: analysis method, systematic method, combination and statistics method, historical methods, comparative methods New scientific contributions of the thesis Firstly, the thesis has supplemented the system of concepts and characteristics of enterprises unable to pay debts; concepts, characteristics, principles and contents of business recovery procedures of enterprises losing their ability to pay debts in bankruptcy procedures Secondly, the thesis has studied the trend of bankruptcy laws of the countries generally and in three specific countries: the United States, France, and China, in orderto compare with Vietnamese law; proposed more effective solutions for the perfecting the theory and perfecting the law, overcoming the limitations of procedures for recovery business operations of enterprises that are unable to repay debts in Vietnam Thirdly, the thesis has analyzed and clarified the status of the law and applied the law on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises Fourthly, the thesis has raised the views, directions and solutions to improve the law on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises as well as introduced a system of solutions to solve restrictions in implementing these procedures Scientific and practical meanings of the thesis - The thesis is a specific and scientific research in the law on recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam The research results of the thesis contribute to supplement and develop theoretical issues about the procedures for recovery business operations of insolvent enterprise - The thesis provides a scientific and practical basis for policy makers and competent agencies to refer to the improvement of the law on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises; to improve the efficiency of business recovery procedures of enterprises that are unable to repay debts in Vietnam In addition, the research results of the thesis are also valuable references for the research and teaching of law on the recovery of business activities of enterprises that are unable to pay debts Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references and list of works related to the thesis has been published, the thesis consists of chapters Chapter OVERVIEW ABOUT RESEARCH AND THEORIES 1.1 Overview about research 1.1.1 General studies about law on bankruptcy of enterprises Bankruptcy of enterprises is an area that has been mentioned by researchers for a long time, especially published works related to the process of developing and promulgating the Bankruptcy Law in 1993, in 2004 and in 2014 Many elaborate studies, documents on this topic series are published It is possible to summarize the universal scientific and information values of the above works as follows: (i) The research on the recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises continues to develop the reason essays in specialized areas of corporate bankruptcy; (ii) Developing basic reasoning system about bankruptcy; (iii) Dividing into three criteria to determine the enterprise's inability to pay debts; (iv) Analysis of the initial bankruptcy theory, current bankruptcy theory and the modern view of interest rates and investment in the effective relationship between bankruptcy and costs and interest rates; (v) Identifying the trend of the viewpoint of building bankruptcy law in Vietnam gradually shifting to protect enterprises from being unable to pay their debts; (vi) Providing comprehensive concepts and characteristics of bankruptcy and compare with dissolution of enterprises; situation of implementing Bankruptcy Law; (vii) In the field of finance and banking, research also show the specificity or special regime of bankruptcy of banks and credit institutions with stricter criteria 1.1.2 Studies on procedures for recovery of business operations of enterprises are incapable of paying debts and settling bad debts There are a few studies on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises and they are mainly integrated in the content of bankruptcy research and especially determined through the content “The goal of bankruptcy law” Currently, some master thesis in law and some research initially analysis this content The above works mentioned the issues related to the procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises, which are: (i) The reasoning on procedures for recovery of business activities in the theory of bankruptcy law; (ii) Bankruptcy law objectives; (iii) Analyzing Vietnamese and international bankruptcy laws; (iv) Legal status of procedures for recovery of business operations of enterprises that are unable to pay debts In the field of bad debt payment, research have focused on researching bad debt payment activities in banks and credit institutions for each type of business and type of debt 1.2 Evaluation of research related to the thesis topic - There have been many elaborate studies on the subject of business bankruptcy However, these works and articles only cover the basic contents of bankruptcy procedures in general, but have not studied in a comprehensive and systematic way about the legal aspects of submission procedures for recovery of insolvent businesses as an independent procedure; There is no comprehensive assessment of the status of the regulations on procedures for recovering business activities in Vietnam so that it can make recommendations to build and perfect the law on recovery procedures - Scholars in the world have a consensus in the need to develop special procedures for the recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in the bankruptcy procedures of enterprises However, in different countries, scholars have made different arguments and ways to deal with procedures to recovery business operations of insolvent enterprises - The search for a solution to improve the efficiency of the law on the recovery of business operations of insolvent is becoming increasingly necessary - The research on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises are not profound, lack of systematic and yet to explain the reasoning, to apply foreign experiences and methods in accordance with Vietnamese practices - At the doctoral thesis, there has not been a research project that systematically studies the problem of recovering business activities of insolvent enterprises to improve the law on this problem On the basis of researching and analyzing documents, the thesis has inherited and determined the following research contents: First, inheriting the results of research on the origin, the nature of procedures for recovery of business operations of insovent enterprises in the common goal of bankruptcy law and supplementing theory system of business recovery of insolvent enterprises and the concepts, characteristics and related contents of this procedure Second, acquiring some of the views stated in some foreign works and some countries experiences on enhancing the active role of insolvent enterprises and regulations about asset management officers on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises, so that, the thesis continue to analyze the situation and propose solutions suitable to Vietnamese situation Third, inheriting the analysis and assessment of the legal status and law enforcement on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises that are mentioned in the master thesis and some research in the country; besides, developing the analysis of reality currently; adding new assessments discovered during the research process Fourth, building a system of views, orientations and solutions to improve the law on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises and solutions to improve law enforcement efficiency in this field 1.3 Basic theory of the thesis - The Communist Party and State's views on perfecting the socialistoriented market economy institutions, restructuring the economy and restructuring state enterprises and judicial reforms - Theories and doctrines related to bankruptcy law, solving the insolvency and recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises In addition, the notions, theories of humanities and solidarity in business are also interested to find ways to sympathize and understand among creditors with each other and with debtors (like an idiom “birds of a feather flock together”) 1.4 Research hypothesis and research questions Research hypothesis: Firstly: enterprises, that follow market-based, have rights of free competition, are inevitably capable of losing money, losing their ability to pay their debts and thus may go bankrupt Secondly: procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises have specific characteristics regarding the economic nature as well as the legal form of judicial procedures, so that it is necessary to ensure a legal basis that follows the nature of these procedures Thirdly: Vietnam needs to consult and absorb the experience of other countries in a reasonable way to improve the law on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises Fourthly: There should be scientific assessments on the legal situation and law enforcement in this area to have a more reasonable solution to implement the objectives Research questions: - What are the specific characteristics of business recovery of insolvent enterprises? Do the specificities of these procedures require specific processes and solutions in bankruptcy procedures for enterprises? - How are the procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in the current law and how are they reasonable? How these affect the process of recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises, whether these support or hinder businesses and related subjects in the implementation process? - What is the current situation in the process of implementing procedures for recovery of business of enterprises? Have the role, capacity, rights and obligations of the participants ensured effective implementation of these procedures? - Is the legislative objective consistent with Vietnamese practices, in accordance with modern legislative trends? Why is the goal of business recovery in bankruptcy procedures ineffective? - What are the solutions to recovery of the business operations of the enterprises and promote their efficiency in practice, ensure stability and developing the economy? 1.5 Research results - On theoretical aspects: The results of theoretical research provide a unified understanding of the concept, characteristics, nature and elements of the procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises - On practical aspects: The thesis properly assess the legal status of procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises and the real situation of law implementation on these procedures in Vietnam; Gives opinions, directions and solutions to improve the law and overcome the limitations in implementing procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises Chapter Conclusion Chapter THEORETICAL MATTERS ON PROCEDURES FOR RECOVERY OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS OF INSOLVENT ENTERPRISES AND EXPERIENCES FROM OTHER COUNTRIES 2.1 Theoretical matters on insolvent enterprises in the Law on Bankruptcy and recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises 2.1.1 The concept and characteristics of insolvent enterprises in the Law on Bankruptcy Through studying the insolvency factor of the enterprises that includes the due debt of the enterprise and the time of overdue debt, the researcher gives the definition: Insolvent enterprises are determined to be unable to pay a debt that is overdue The legal characteristics of insolvent enterprises are expressed in the following three specific criteria: (i) Insolvent enterprises are have the characteristic of “not implementing obligation on debt payment within 03 months from the payment due date”; (ii) Loss of ability to pay due debts does not need the correspondence between debts and existing assets of the enterprises; (iii) The debt of an insolvent enterprise is generated from its legitimate business activities chance that the State and society grant to businesses Therefore, the role of the law to recover business operations of insolvent businesses should be considered as an easier way to create opportunities for entrepreneurs to continue to implement their “dream” after the failure 2.2.2.2 The meanings of recovery procedures of insolvent enterprises Firstly, for insolvent enterprises: The main recovery procedure is the last rescue for businesses and entrepreneurs falling into bankruptcy to restore their business, restore their capabilities payment ability and reputation, trust of partners in the market Secondly, for creditors: Procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent are aimed at maximizing the repayment of creditors, thereby protecting the rights of owners debt and related people Thirdly, for employees: Procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises ensure labor rights and material, spiritual life of individuals and families least affected Fourth, for the economy and the stability of society: Successful recovery of enterprises falling into bankruptcy will contribute to limiting negative impacts on society 2.2.2.3 Modes of recovery procedures of insolvent enterprises First: Implement financial solutions Secondly: Implement solutions to innovate production and business activities, improve efficiency and profitability Third: Implementing solutions on organizational restructuring of the enterprise Fourth: Implementing other solutions 2.2.2.4 The legal consequences of recovery procedures of insolvent enterprises The first case: The enterprise has completed the business recovery plan, fulfilling its debt repayment obligation to the creditors The bankruptcy relationship of the business under which it will end, return the full legal status to the business as before it became the litigant of bankruptcy The second case: The enterprise fails to implement the plan to recover its business operation or the time limit for implementing the business recovery plan is still incapable of paying the debt The recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises is terminated and will be transferred to liquidation procedures for bankruptcy 11 2.2.3 The principles and contents of procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises 2.2.3.1 The principles of procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises First, the recovery procedure is only applied on the principle of “consensus” between the creditor and the insolvent enterprise and expressing the common will of the creditor Second, the enterprises that implement the business recovery plan must be placed under the supervision of the representatives of the Court and the creditors Thirdly, procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises are made in public and transparent 2.2.3.2 The contents of procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises The content of these recovery procedures is generalized according to the steps, stages or procedures for carrying out procedures or the rights to resolve of the subjects in these procedures 2.2.3.3 Specific issues need to be regulated in the procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises (i) Impact factors and scope of application of business recovery procedures for insolvent enterprises (ii) The forms and methods of recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises (iii) The nature of the business recovery procedure of an insolvent enterprise 2.3 Experience of adjusting the law on recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises in some countries over the world 3.2.1 Legal trends of some countries The first trend: There is only one system of general legal documents (including the Law and the guiding documents) regulating both procedures to solve the insolvent enterprises which are recovery procedures and liquidation of the business The second trend: There are separated document systems that adjust each procedure of judicial recovery and liquidation 12 2.3.2 The bankruptcy laws of many countries pay more attention to the recovery of business operation of insolvent enterprises 2.3.3 Criteria for enterprises falling into bankruptcy generally and applying recovery procedures particularly tend to expand 2.3.4 The role of the regime of management and liquidation of assets, the committee of creditors is confirmed in the bankruptcy procedure in general and the procedures for recovering business operations of insolvent enterprises 2.3.5 Recovery procedure is a judicial procedure and also is an ideal solution to save insolvent businesses and protect them from falling into bankruptcy 2.3.6 Creating the initiative for insolvent businesses to participate in the beginning of the bankruptcy procedures Chapter Conclusion 13 Chapter LEGAL AND PRACTICAL SITUATION ON IMPLEMENTING THE PROCEDURES FOR RECOVERY OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS OF INSOLVENT ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM CURRENTLY 3.1 Legal situation on the procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam currently 3.1.1 Legal provisions on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises Legal provisions on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises are analysed in following groups: 3.1.1.1 Criteria for the insolvent enterprise and the competence of the Court to open bankruptcy procedures - the basis for considering and opening procedures to recovery business operations of enterprises The determination signs of insolvent enterprises are based on three specific criteria: (1) Enterprises have a debt (unpaid); (2) The debt has not been paid within 03 months or more from the payment due date; (3) Enterprises not fulfill their obligation to pay debts and not have creditors' consent to delay the implementation of debt payment obligations The bankruptcy law of Vietnam as well as the laws of most countries in the world believe that the insolvency of enterprises (or formerly known as bankruptcy) will be the basis internal inside of the enterprise for the Court to consider and issue a decision to open bankruptcy procedures in general as well as recovery procedures in particular The Court's decision to open bankruptcy procedures is an important first step into bankruptcy procedures in general and firstly to consider and review procedures for recovering business operations of the insolvent enterprises 3.1.1.2 Conditions to apply procedures to recover business operations of the insolvent enterprises Firstly, the procedures for recovering business operations of enterprises must be the contents expressed in the resolutions adopted by the creditors' conference Secondly, the insolvent enterprises must build a plan to recover their business activities within the prescribed time limit Thirdly, the plan to restore business activities must be considered and approved by the Creditors Conference in accordance with Article 90 in the Bankruptcy Law 2014 14 3.1.1.3 Basis of consensus of creditors and contents of business recovery plan of insolvent enterprises From the side of enterprises: This is the first basis to express opinions (if any) on the policy of recovering business activities from the owner of insolvent enterprise From the side of creditors: The process of building a business recovery plan, the creditors are entitled to comment and decide on the plan of business recovery that are built by insolvent enterprise From the side of related subjects: Bankruptcy Law also stipulates the right to present opinions of related persons or their legal representatives; witnesses; assessors and representatives of valuation agencies present assessment conclusions and valuation results; the person carrying out other judicial measures explains the issues that are not clear or contradictory 3.1.1.4 Organizing the implementation of business recovery plans of enterprises Solution 1: Implement financial solutions Solution 2: Implement solutions to reorganize production and business activities, improve efficiency and profitability Solution 3: Implement solutions for restructuring the organizational structure of the enterprise Solution 4: Implementing other solutions (Bankruptcy Law 2014 also provides open regulations on implementing specific solutions However, these regulations have not been specifically instructed, so there is no specific solution in current period) 3.1.1.5 Time limit for implementing business recovery plan The time limit for implementing business recovery plans of insolvent enterprises shall comply with the resolutions of the creditors' conferences through the plan of business operation restoration In cases where the creditor conference cannot determine the implementation time limit, the time limit for implementing the business operation restoration plan is prescribed no more than years after the creditors' conference approves the operation restoration business plan 3.1.1.6 Legal measures to ensure the ability to recover business operations of enterprises Measure 1: Preserving assets, not worsening the situation of insolvent enterprises 15 Measure 2: Supervising the implementation of the business recovery plan of enterprises Measure 3: Supplementing regulations on asset managers, managing enterprises and liquidating assets enterprises 3.1.1.7 Suspension of procedures for recovering business operations of insolvent enterprises Case 1: Suspend procedures for recovering business operations of insolvent enterprises because the enterprises have completed the business recovery plan Case 2: Suspend procedures for recovering business operations of insolvent enterprises due to the enterprises failing to implement the business operation recovery plans 3.1.2 Assessment of bankruptcy laws and procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises Firstly, on the criteria of the inability to pay due debts: The Bankruptcy Law 2014 determined the bankruptcy objects by qualitative method that facilitate to easy opening of bankruptcy procedures but there are not shown evidence that these procedures easily accomplishes the goal toward debt businesses Therefore, is it necessary to build certain criteria to identify insolvent businesses that can apply procedures to recover business operations and that may be a problem to be addressed in the process of completing the bankruptcy law in our country Secondly, on conditions to apply procedures to restore business activities of insolvent enterprises: The bankruptcy law only points to a procedure which is an opportunity for insolvent enterprises These are still one step lower than the US “bankruptcy protection” procedure or the French Republic's (procédure de sauvegarde) protection procedure Thirdly, on the basis of the consensus of creditors and the content of business recovery plans of enterprises that are unable to pay debts: Vietnamese law has not yet determined the types of subjects representing the owners in debt; lack of specific regulations on security methods, specific functions, tasks and powers of asset managers and enterprises managing and liquidating assets; The law lacks the regulations binding the responsibilities of the parties in the process of recovering business operations of enterprises that are incapable of paying debts and solutions to support the recovery of business activities of enterprises 16 Fourthly, on organizing the implementation of the plan to restore business activities of enterprises: The lack of specific mechanisms for financial solutions and innovation of organizational structure will create great difficulties for businesses that are unable to pay and propose to implement a reasonable recovery plan The forms of supervision of asset managers, enterprises managing and liquidating assets and creditors for enterprises implementing the business recovery plan have not been specifically guided Fifthly, legal measures to ensure the ability to recover business operations of enterprises are ineffective, failing to ensure the right of creditors to monitor the operation of enterprises losing their ability to pay debts Sixthly, the grounds for suspending procedures for recovering business activities of insolvent enterprises are still lacking in legislative techniques 3.2 Actual implementation of law on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises and some recovery methods have been implemented in Vietnam 3.2.1 Actual implementation of law on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam First, the results of implementing the Bankruptcy Law show that the good purpose of the Law, that is to restore business activities of insolvent enterprises, has not been achieved; has not yet integrated into the demand for market economy development in our country Secondly, the rate of resolving the request to open bankruptcy procedures of the court in our country is not high, for example, the number of cases that have not been resolved annually and transferred to the following year Thirdly, lack of support from the State on the needed financial conditions to recovery of business operations that makes the implementation of regulations on business operation recovery faces many difficulties in practice Fourthly, objective conditions on corporate finance have not ensured the purposes of implementation of business recovery of enterprises Fifthly, the time for reviewing and inventorying assets of insolvent enterprises is too long that makes creditors and the enterprises loose the patience to build plans Sixthly, asset managers, enterprises managing and liquidating assets have not really played a worthy role, contributing to improving the efficiency in implementing procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises 17 Seventh, Vietnamese enterprises have not actively implemented procedures to recover business operations when they started showing signs of insolvency, many cases break obligation to file bankruptcy procedures or break responsibility to inform about an insolvent enterprises Eighthly, the enterprises have psychology of afraid of implementing bankruptcy procedures generally and procedures to recover business operations of creditors and insolvent enterprises Ninth, social psychology in general and business people in particular in Vietnam often tend to “be perfect” in business 3.2.2 Some methods for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises that have been implemented in Vietnam 3.2.2.1 Self-negotiation by business and commercial contracts to conduct business recovery 3.2.2.2 Reorganization of state enterprises The first case: Reorganization of Vietnam Shipbuilding Industry Corp The second case: Reorganization of Vietnam Maritime Corporation 3.2.2.3 Acquisition of commercial banks, conversion of debt to contributed capital Chapter Conclusion 18 Chapter COMPLETE THE LAW AND SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE LIMITATIONS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCEDURES FOR RECOVERY OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS OF INSOLVENT ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM CURRENTLY 4.1 Complete the law on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam currently 4.1.1 View points on completing law on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam currently View point 1: Complying with the principle of the socialist-oriented market economy: Firstly, considering the recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises is an important goal and solution of Vietnam's bankruptcy law Secondly, to ensure the rules of competition of the economy, that is to clearly define the criteria, necessary when applying the procedures to restore business operations of insolvent enterprises View point 2: Ensuring the comprehensive, synchronous, unified system of economic and financial laws The law on the recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises must be compatible with and apply the provisions in the economic and financial legal system; The improvement of the law on the recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises must also be carried out comprehensively in the areas of bankruptcy, business, finance, labor and specialized main business activities of enterprises View point 3: Bankruptcy law in general and recovery of business operations of insolvent companies in particular must be based on the inherent nature of restoring business operations of insolvent enterprises 4.1.2 Orientation to improve the law on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam today 4.1.2.1 Completing the principle legal framework in bankruptcy law on procedures for recovery business operations of insolvent enterprises These four essential elements have been interpreted in Chapter of the thesis and should be noted in the basic principles of the legal framework for recovery business operations of insolvent companies 19 4.1.2.2 Perfecting the law on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises are in the direction of simplification, creating favorable conditions for owners to approach more easily, raise practical value, effective application in practice Need to establish shortened procedures for clear and simple cases; simple criteria for determining whether enterprises are entitled to carry out procedures (as for the United States and the French Republic) - towards the convenience of applying procedures to restore business operations of incapacitated enterprises, not leaving “bad looks” for businesses, business owners when implementing this procedure even in case of failure Besides, it is necessary to speed up judicial procedures on bankruptcy Completing the law and enforcing the laws on business and finance to ensure the ability to control the operations of enterprises, creating a basis for implementing procedures for recovery business operations of enterprises 4.1.2.3 Ensuring the role of creditors, employees and their representatives in the process of carrying out procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises Need to add the necessary rights for creditors to ensure the ability to control and decide business or property and financial activities that affect debt claims; supplement necessary financial solutions to ensure that enterprises lose their ability to pay debts that can recover 4.1.2.4 Perfecting business and civil law to support the law on procedures for recovery business activities of insolvent enterprises More restrictions on the ability to establish and manage other businesses for bankrupt business owners, managers, especially those with large-scale bankruptcy are identified can The law also needs to further tighten regulations on handling violations of business owners, business managers conduct dissolution of enterprises, fleeing violate debt obligations, evade debts, to binding their responsibilities to society, demanding to promote the resolution of debt issues that have arisen in the process of establishing the business before 4.1.3 Solutions to improve the law on procedures for recovery business activities of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam Firstly, perfecting the legal basis for criteria, conditions for recovery and consensus of creditors on the recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises 20 (1) About the object of insolvency: The Bankruptcy Law in 2014 needs to abolish regulations on the conditions that creditors must request payment but the enterprise cannot afford to pay debts (such as documents debt collection of creditors, debt documents of enterprises ) When conducting bankruptcy procedures, the insolvency factor should be considered at different levels when considering the resilience of business operations (2) Expanding the conditions of applying procedures to restore business activities in the direction of increasing the right to proactively propose the restoration of operations of enterprises that are incapable of paying debts if there is a feasible plan and hand them to the right judge judgment (higher than the right to ratify the resolution of the creditor conference) when there are grounds to believe that the plan of the business is feasible (3) Recognizing the agreement before opening procedures for requesting bankruptcy claims that enterprises have shown signs of losing their ability to pay debts and creditors, workers on the implementation of recovery plans business operations of the enterprise (civil agreement) (4) Procedures for recovering business operations should be carried out earlier than the actual implementation of bankruptcy procedures There should be a mechanism to further separate the procedure for recovering business operations in bankruptcy procedures Secondly, perfecting the law on organization of implementation, duration of implementation, legal measures, suspending the implementation of the plan to restore business activities of insolvent enterprises Completing the law on supervision of enterprises' activities to implement business recovery plans in a more specific way, creating an important crux of the legal basis to ensure the interests of creditors and also lifting high practicality of implementing this procedure Supplementing the contents and solutions to ensure the interests of newly arising creditors in the period when enterprises carry out the plan to restore business activities of enterprises Characterize the nature of the procedure to restore business activities of each type of insolvent enterprises Thirdly, supplementing creditors' rights and regular operation mechanism for creditors' conferences during the application of recovery procedures Supplementing the regime of creditors' representatives, the group of creditors participating in the process of monitoring business recovery activities of insolvent enterprises that; how to modify and supplement the business recovery plan of the enterprise 21 4.2 Solutions to overcome limitations in law enforcement on procedures for recovery of business activities of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam 4.2.1 Select businesses to support implementation of business recovery plans Firstly, focusing on supporting businesses affected by inflation, causing enterprises' stagnation Secondly, supporting businesses in priority areas in each period according to political and social policies Thirdly, supporting businesses with a wide range of influence on people and society if they fall into bankruptcy 4.2.2 Perfecting the relevant financial mechanism to ensure the recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises In the near future, it is necessary to complete the transparent, clear financial, accounting and auditing mechanism for enterprises to overcome the situation of bad debts, black debts and the situation of insolvent enterprises finding dissolution plans Comprehensive renovation of mechanisms and policies related to corporate finance, accounting and enterprise auditing can ensure the financial mechanism of enterprises and also an important basis of increasing enforce business recovery procedures 4.2.3 Accelerate the process of implementing business recovery procedures after deciding to open procedures for resolving bankruptcy claims The People's Court should take the initiative in directing the shortening of the process of implementing procedures for reviewing and inventorying assets of insolvent enterprises and speeding up the review of bankruptcy plans 4.2.4 Other solutions Firstly, the judiciary needs to consider establishing a bankruptcy court in major economic centers (such as central cities and some areas with a lot of businesses) to specialize in trial activities, improve the quality of trial in general, including procedures to recover business operations of insolvent enterprises Secondly, amendments and supplements to the guidance of the Supreme People's Court in the work of statistics on resolving bankruptcy cases need to have contents related to the implementation of procedures to restore business activities of the business Thirdly, ensuring effective operation of managing asset managers and enterprises managing and liquidating assets Chapter Conclusion 22 CONCLUSION Through the study of the topic “Procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnamese bankruptcy law”, the researchers draw some conclusions: First, the procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises are special procedures in bankruptcy procedures, both sides of a problem: both economic and judicial nature Because of the characteristics of the recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in bankruptcy procedures, the procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises have their own characteristics with other bankruptcy sequences and there are differences in the means of business recovery under civil agreements between business entities Thereby, it is necessary to affirm more strongly the economic nature of this procedure which is independent of the overall bankruptcy procedures of enterprises, respecting the right of self-determination of creditors and insolvent enterprises in developing and implementing business recovery plans Secondly, recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises based on many legal provisions of many different branches of law, but its procedures can only be carried out according to the proceedings of the Bankruptcy Law regulations The general trend of modern bankruptcy law is to focus on enterprises losing their ability to pay debts, prioritizing and facilitating the implementation of procedures to restore business operations of enterprises in bankruptcy and special procedures, the role of the administrator is clearly defined, playing an important role in implementing the procedures to restore business activities of the enterprises, which requires the completion of the law and improve the effectiveness of implementation procedures for recovery business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam in the future Thirdly, the law on procedures for recovery business operations of insolvent companies has approached the progressive views of countries about bankruptcy There are some progressive new points in the Bankruptcy Law in 2014, but there are basic limitations that have not been overcome, so it cannot be effective in bankruptcy cases The regulations related to business recovery procedures of enterprises are still lacking, so they have not been effective in reality Practices of law enforcement on players recovering business activities of enterprises that are unable to pay debts are still limited On the other hand, limitations on implementation mechanism, finance, capacity, qualifications of 23 judges, asset managers, enterprises managing and liquidating properties have made this regulation quite far from practical demand Fourthly, the improvement of the law on procedures for recovering business operations of insolvent enterprises to meet the general requirements in perfecting the Vietnamese legal system and the viewpoint of perfecting the law on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises must still comply with the principles of the socialist-oriented market economy; ensuring the comprehensive, synchronous and unified system of economic and financial laws; Bankruptcy law in general and the recovery of business operations of insolvent companies in particular must be based on the inherent nature of business recovery of insolvent enterprises Orientations and solutions to improve the law and solutions to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement on procedures for recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnam today are comprehensive and must base on the basis of combining many disciplines of law and comprehensive innovation in human resources, financial conditions, new social consciousness contributes to creating fundamental changes in this field./ 24 LIST OF AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED WORKS Tran Thi Thu Ha (2017), Recovery bankrupt enterprises from the view of The law on Bankruptcy in 2014, Legal Professions Review, edition - 2017, pg 29 - 32 Tran Thi Thu Ha and Do Trung Hieu (2017), Some issues of criteria for determining enterprises and cooperatives fall into bankruptcy, Democracy and Law Magazine, edition June - 2017 (303), pg 34 - 38 Tran Thi Thu Ha (2018), Recovery of business operations of insolvent enterprises in bankruptcy law in some countries over the world, Democracy and Law Magazine, special edition in February - 2018, pg 21 26 ... Chapter Conclusion Chapter THEORETICAL MATTERS ON PROCEDURES FOR RECOVERY OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS OF INSOLVENT ENTERPRISES AND EXPERIENCES FROM OTHER COUNTRIES 2.1 Theoretical matters on insolvent enterprises... bankruptcy of Vietnamese enterprise has also increased constantly, causing many negative consequences for the economy, people and society Like other countries in the world, the State of Vietnam always... business operations of insolvent enterprises in Vietnamese bankruptcy law” as a doctoral thesis It has the meaning of both legal science and practice of settling business bankruptcy procedures and ensuring