Đóng góp của văn xuôi tự sự lưu trọng lư giai đoạn trước 1945 tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY HO THI THANH THUY CONTRIBUTION OF THE NARRATIVE PROSE LUU TRONG LU PERIOD BEFORE 1945 Major: Vietnamese Literature Code: 9.22.01.21 ABSTRACT ON LITERATURE DOCTORAL THESIS NGHE AN - 2019 PREAMBLE Reason for choosing the topic 1.1 In modern Vietnamese literature, Luu Trong Lu is considered one of the pioneers of the new Poetry movement Before the Revolution, besides the famous poems, he also composed a large volume of prose works with 27 short stories, 27 novels While Luu Trong Lu's poetry has been well studied, his narrative prose has not been given adequate attention To fully understand the contribution of the name of a literary author of Luu Trong Lu, to get a comprehensive view of the literary picture in general and prose in a period in particular, we cannot help but care studying the prose of Luu Trong Lu 1.2 In 2011, on the 100th anniversary of Luu Trong Lu's birthday, Lai Nguyen An and Hoang Minh released a large volume of books with volumes (1145 pages of 16x24 cm size), gathering all short stories and sub-stories Luu Trong Lu's theory (both before and after the Revolution) Reading a system of narrative prose works he wrote, readers deeply felt that the context of quite open composition inspired the exploration and experience of writers Through the works, it is possible to recognize the influence of Western literature, first of all French literature on writers' writing pages Here there are imprints of emotional love, imbued with romanticism Not only that, the actual method, symbolic method of masters of realism, symbolism is also absorbed and applied in a very specific way Because of this, the study of narrative prose Luu Trong Lu has a meaning to provide a convincing parameter to help us understand the essence of East-West literary exchanges in the Vietnamese literary context is rushing to shift itself towards modernizing, Europeanizing, understanding the role of famous writers before the Revolution like Luu Trong Lu in creating the foundation for a modern and capable Vietnamese literature integration with the world Also through short stories, Luu Trong Lu's novel, the researcher can also detect interference between genres of different types of compositions Thus, going into this topic, the researcher will have the opportunity to see many aspects of literary life in the period of 1930 - 1945, through the creation of a particular author, Luu Trong Lu 1.3 The topic contains the ability to provide data and materials for the study of prose poetry, especially short stories and novels in Vietnamese literature in a period with many achievements and many artistic styles original In addition, the thesis can provide meaningful literary materials for teaching Vietnamese literature in the period of 1930 - 1945 in high school At the University level, the thesis will be a useful reference for studying the type of narrative prose; studying literary history, specifically the acquisition of lessons from Western literature to bring home literature into the way of modernization in all aspects That is the reason why we study the topic: The contribution of the prose of Luu Trong Lu narrative period before 1945 Research subjects and scope of survey materials 2.1 Research subjects The research object of the thesis is: The contribution of narrative prose Luu Trong Lu period before 1945 2.2 Scope of survey materials The scope of the main survey material of the thesis is 27 short stories, 27 of Luu Trong Lu's novels composed before 1945, gathered in Luu Trong Lu, Works - short stories and novels (full set of two volumes), Lao Dong Publishing House, Dong Tay Culture Language Center, 2011 In order to have an overview of the issue, the thesis also examines the compositions of many authors who are close or different about the trend, the same period or different stages of composition with Luu Trong Lu Research purposes and research tasks 3.1 Research purposes Through a survey of the contributions of the narrative prose of Lu Trong Lu in the period before 1945, the thesis aims to a more comprehensive assessment of Luu Trong Lu as a versatile artist, saving the bold mark of I am on many genres of literature Also through that, the thesis wants to contribute additionally - adjust some evaluation points already on characteristics and achievements of Vietnamese literature in the period 1930 - 1945 based on newly discovered materials - distributed Show and publish 3.2 Research tasks Towards the purpose of the research presented above, the thesis focuses on solving the following specific tasks: - Overviewing of the research on the composition of Luu Trong Lu in general, the narrative prose Liu Trong Lu in particular and defines a number of key concepts and terms used to study this object - Identifying and analyzing the specifics of the aesthetic tendency of the prose of Luu Trong Lu in the relationship with the major aesthetic trends of literature (first of all prose) in the 1930s - 1945 - Clarifying the uniqueness of prose Lu Trong Lu on the subject and image system, in the same comparison with the composition of other writers of the same time - Point outing, analyzig and evaluating (on the basis of multi-dimensional comparison) the specific types of artistic choices of the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945 Research Methodology To implement the topic, we mainly apply the following research methods: - Method of studying poetics: This method requires first attention to verbal texts (27 short stories, 27 written by Luu Trong Lu before 1945) - an essential condition to help researchers The rescue shows the formality of the object - Method of structure and system: This is a method to consider the object in the overall view, visualizing each object is a small system of large systems, and in each such system, the medium relationship Stable and variable between structural elements always have special meaning - Method of type: This method proposes the prose of Lu Trong Lu on the appropriate type to obtain satisfactory assessment, in accordance with the aesthetic characteristics of the object - Comparison method: This method requires the researcher to perform both comparisons of a homogeneous nature and the comparative nature of the calendar - Historical - social method: This method helps the researcher to recognize the object as a spiritual product of a specific historical age with many complex relationships Contributions of the thesis The thesis is the first large-scale research project of Luu Trong Lu narrative prose before 1945, after the book of Luu Trong Lu works on short stories and novels (full set of episodes, about 1,500 pages, because Lai Nguyen An - Hoang Minh collects and compiles) published in 2011 With this project, the very important and meaningful contributions of Luu Trong Lu's narrative prose before 1945 are initially identified and analyzed , affirming, through a rich data system, contributing to a more comprehensive assessment of the author Luu Trong Lu and partly about the diversity of Vietnamese prose in the period 1930 - 1945 The dissertation also contributes more data to more fully acknowledge the issue of receiving Western literature's influence in Vietnam in the first half of the twentieth century a specific reception, which helps the modernization process Vietnamese literature gets significant achievements Structure of the thesis In addition to Introduction, Conclusion and Reference, the main content of the thesis consists of chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research issues Chapter 2: The blending of aesthetic tendencies in the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945 Chapter 3: Imprint of the prose of Luu Trong Lu's autobiography before 1945 in the system of topics and symbolic systems Chapter 4: Types of specific artistic choices in the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945 Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS 1.1 Study the theory of narrative prose 1.1.1 Conception prose concept We use the concept of narrative prose in relative distinctions with lyrical prose Calling relative because the boundary between them is not always obvious When using the concept of narrative prose, of course, the researcher is always conscious of distinguishing it from other types of language products that also use prose form but not for aesthetic purposes, without using fictional forms like Discourse prose and types of text are outside the scope of word art Narrative prose focuses on describing people and social environment, describing gestures, actions, and language characters The narrative prose is a kind of narrative, having the function of reproducing the "objectivity" of the world, there are always characters, events, actions and conflicts Autobiographical fiction has genres such as short stories, medium stories, novels While in the type of narrative, the narrative prose may still have (even more) lyrical elements, but these factors not break the narrative nature of narrative prose Of course, there are genres that can stand on the edge of narrative and lyrical such as pen signing, literary writing, literary portraits 1.1.2 Study the theory of foreign authors on narrative prose This is a very wide field of research, which contains many rich issues, has achieved great achievements Referring to prose, people often think of it as a form of opposition to poetry, which organizes language as ordinary speech, not governed by "equivalence principle" or rhythm, rhyme Thus, prose can fully exploit the ability to describe the world of words, helping readers visualize specific things and situations; It feels like they're showing up in the eyes of the reader This is the strength of prose poetry that is hard to match When defining the concept of narrative prose and types of narrative prose, G.N Pospelov in his book "Literary Research Essay" (Episode II) states: "In addition to dividing literature into genre (narrative, lyricism and drama) there is also the division of literature into poetry and prose In ordinary language, the lyrical work is often identified with poetry, while the narrative is consistent with prose Using such a word is incorrect Each type of literature includes both poetic works (rhymes) and prose (without rhyme) The narrative in the early stages of the development of artistic language is often rhyming (ancient epics, French meritorious songs, Russian casts and histories ) The narrative works written in poetry are also common in modern literature [122, p.12] In the literary genre, both poetry and prose are used, sometimes both in a work [122, p.12] And all kinds of lyrical, mostly written in poetry, but sometimes in prose [122, p.12] Autobiographical works of prose are the main subjects of a major research industry that is currently narrative Narratology is a term used by Bulgarian French researcher Tz Todorov proposed in 1969 in the Book of Grammar Story ten days This term makes the study of narrative known by name, leading to the formation of an independent research department, which gradually replaces the theory of fiction that has become too tight Self-learning can be divided into classic self-study (the 60s lasted until the 1980s of the last century) as a pioneer of French scholars The post-classic period takes place from the 90s of the twentieth century onwards, with many theoretical additions of British, American and French scholars Acquiring the rich studies of scholars, we used the concept of narrative prose to study the most important prose of Luu Trong Lu, with the understanding that prose fragment is a kind of narrative, towards story telling, narrating people, events, space, time objectively, attached to the author's narrative 1.1.3 Study the theory of domestic authors on narrative prose For some domestic researchers, prose (including autobiographical prose) is considered one of two forms of literature beside poetry Author Do Duc Hieu in the Literature Dictionary (New Ministry) said: "Literature at any time is diverse It is possible to divide literature in two types (forms) that are poetry and prose, and can also be divided into three categories: narrative, lyrical and dramatic Although there are no absolute boundaries between categories and there are many types of transitions, the basic characteristics of each type are quite definite Each category includes certain categories or genres (for example, the type of narrative includes genres: epics, stories, novels, etc.) Every era or period of literature flourishes various forms of genres ” To find the concept of prose, some researchers often compare prose with poetry For example, Vuong Tri Nhan in the essay of Pre-war Writer and the Modernization of Literature wrote: "Reading literary dictionaries, people realize that prose and poetry concepts are often written in the world opposites One side is more about life (in many Western languages, prose, proza, prose, when it comes to visualization, it means mediocre), one is biased towards the noble, the transcendent One side told me what to write; the other side said no, my writing is a creative act with its full meaning [ ] Every piece of prose written - no matter fiction, or long story signing - is a story Listening to that story, people imagine a scene there, there are people who work Story telling means that the author creates a miniature world Where the author's voice is like a light beam, the reader follows it That guy who plays the god always stands a distance away from you, what he knows well But only gradually did he cleverly remove the clue and make things complicated by his disposition become coherent "[106, p.226 - 227] When discussing the modern narrative prose, author Nguyen Nghia Trong in the article Vietnamese writers in the first half of the twentieth century talked about the autobiography (Self-learning - Tran Dinh Su, editor-in-chief), leading to the judgments about the narrative of Phan Ke Binh, Nguyen Ba Hoc, Hoang Tich Chu, Pham Quynh, Vu Dinh Long, Truc Ha, Thieu Son, Le Trang Kieu, Truong Tuu, Hai Trieu, Nhu Phong, Vu Ngoc Phan, Thach Lam, Vu Bang Nguyen Nghia Trong concludes: "The writers agreed to see the narrative as storytelling, narrative of the incident, describing the action, including the description of the scene, the description of love, the description of the appearance, the interior The narrative full in novels, medium stories, short stories, depending on pen, sign, reportage, story It synthesizes all kinds of prose, diversity, richness However, there is a case of self-criticism The autobiography is growing and has great prospects but always innovates depending on the historical and social circumstances and talents of writers." All of the theoretical studies reviewed above help us have a reasoning to implement the evaluation of the autobiographical archives of Luu Trong Lu in terms of its type, from which, It can be convincingly pointed out the contribution of this composition to the Vietnamese narrative prose in the period of 1930 - 1945 in particular and the modern Vietnamese narrative prose in general 1.2 Research on the influence of Western literature on the process of modernizing Vietnamese literature in general and Vietnamese narrative prose in particular 1.2.1 Studies published before 1945 In this writing, what we are interested in is the suggestions from the study of the above problem for understanding the characteristics of the Vietnamese narrative prose period from 1930 to 1945 (in which prose prose) Luu Trong Lu) - characteristics formed in the cultural rubbing and in the literary modernization efforts of contemporary writers, trained from "Western school", while welcoming the wind of writing I still can't stop myself from the distance, but I still can't keep up with the identity and map of Vietnamese culture and literature After the French colonialists opened fire to invade our country, Vietnamese literature at the end of the nineteenth century had a deep contact with Western culture and literature through French culture and literature This has been confirmed, by many researchers such as Duong Quang Ham, Thieu Son, Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan, Vu Ngoc Phan, Kieu Thanh Que 1.2.2 Studies published after 1945 After the August Revolution, the problem of receiving the influence of Western culture and literature in our country is still concerned by researchers In the South, there is Bui Duc Tinh, Pham The Ngu ; In the North, authors like Huynh Ly, Do Duc Hieu, Dang Anh Dao, Dao Duy Hiep and Do Lai Thuy We find that researchers all recognize the influence of Western literature (through the typical case of French literature) on Vietnamese literature In addition to studying the general effect, researchers also investigated this effect in some specific writers' cases In those faces, there are initial comments on Luu Trong Lu, mainly about his poetry 1.3 The general study of the position of Luu Trong Lu in the general picture of Vietnamese literature before 1945 1.3.1 Research published before 1945 Referring to Luu Trong Lu as a poet, most of the researchers and critics shared the same idea: he was one of the initiators of the new poetry movement In Vietnamese Poets, Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan critics confirmed the role of mining, paving the way for Luu Trong Lu's new poetry In addition to assessing Luu Trong Lu's role in chanting and cheering for new poetry, the authors also affirmed that he was the one who succeeded in the first new poems When studying the narrative prose of Luu Trong Lu before the Revolution, remarks were very sketchy, showing an underestimation of interest in this part of his work The person who made a fuller comment on Luu Trong Lu as a writer is Vu Ngoc Phan, with modern writer However, Vu Ngoc Phan did not appreciate the prose compositions of Luu Trong Lu 1.3.2 Research published after 1945 The study of author Luu Trong Lu still won the attention of researchers after 1945 in both the South and the North In the South, Pham The Ngu in Vietnam, a modernist literary literature, has commented on Luu Trong Lu in two roles as a prose writer and poet of the New Poetry movement The author of Vietnam 's simplified historical literature also concurred with Vu Ngoc Phan when he underestimated the prose of Luu Trong Lu written before the August Revolution in the book of Modern Writers In the North, the book of Vietnamese Literature in the twentieth century (by Phan Cu De Editor) generalized the author Luu Trong Lu in the roles: poet, critical theorist, journalist, playwright, person write a memoir Also in this work, the authors also argue that in the debate about new poetry - old poetry, Luu Trong Lu is a vigorous struggle for a free poetry 1.4 In-depth study of the narrative prose section before 1945 by Luu Trong Lu 1.4.1 Research published before 1945 on prose proclamation Luu Trong Lu In Modern Writer, Vu Ngoc Phan does not appreciate Luu Trong Lu's novel He argued that Luu Trong Lu is "a very mediocre novelist" Because, his novel is only told by "dull voice", "confidant" story, "manipulative", "flat", "remember to write that", many stories are told as in dream When discussing Luu Trong Lu's pre-Revolution short story, the author of the Modern Writer led Phan Khoi's praise to the collection of short stories Vu Ngoc Phan disagreed with Phan Khoi's statement and said that Son Nhan was "moved", but "not so good" Next, the author identified the first short story series - The Son - has a good structure but the rest are "mediocre" Le Trang Kieu has three articles referring to prose Luu Trong Lu In the article "The poet Lu Lu criticized the smoke-free novel" (Hanoi newspaper, No 23, 1936), Le Trang Kieu publicly defended this work by Luu Trong Lu and strongly attacked criticism "Unscrew" of Luu Trong Lu on the afternoon smoke Continuing on Hanoi newspaper (No 24, 1936), Le Tràng Kieu published the article "Critics of the afternoon smoke" In this article, the critic cites colleagues' compliments of the afternoon-smoky novel, unanimously evaluating this as "A love affair full of romance and romanticism, the romance of female Geogre Sand, it seeped into a soul of a somber and gloomy man, a nostalgic one 1.4.2 Research published after 1945 on the prose of Luu Trong Lu in the period before the Revolution In the book Luu Trong Lu - About the author and work, Ha Minh Duc - Nguyen Van Thanh recruited quite a number of research papers that appeared after 1945 on the prose of Liu Trong Lu Most notable is the article by Nguyen Van Long This researcher had remarkable generalizations: "Before the Revolution, Luu Trong Lu wrote more than a dozen episodes of short stories, novels, novels, many books were printed into books, some were stories Long posted in the newspaper Among them, works that have long-term value can be said to be not much There is a fairly basic reason that authors often write quickly, write hastily, not very often take care of their prose pages [119, tr.205 - 206] But the reason is also elsewhere, but this is mainly: Luu Trong Lu's pen is not a knack for discovering and describing real, not strong social relations in the power of observation and carving Portrait, personality, story building In any category, Luu Trong Lu goes on "letting his heart spread on the page" Nguyen Van Long also said: "In more than ten years of writing before the Revolution, Luu Trong Lu has also written many novels, but most are still in the tendency of romantic escape." In 2011, Labor Publishing House, East West Language and Culture Center released Luu Trong Luu work - Short story, novel (full set of two volumes) As one of the two participants in collecting and compiling, Lai Nguyen An aroused the study of the prose prose Luu Trong Lu with the opening essay: "Luu Trong Lu is considered first as a poet; but the world of Luu Trong Lu poetry is in fact not separate, on the contrary, there is a continuation of the prose world he created, which is life in short stories, long stories he wrote Sometimes, some emotional ideas are only printed in a few verses, there will be a longer resonance, not just once, in short stories, long stories ” Nguyen An also noted that Luu Trong Lu's prose proclamation has been "perceived" more satisfactory in recent times He also portrays the changes in Luu Trong Lu's "novel" composition on the subject aspect, indicating "the ability to feel and express contemporary life" in the writer's work He judged Luu Trong Lu's work "contains a kind of value as evidence of the specific color of life in his time - something that is not immediately apparent" Also according to Lai Nguyen An, Luu Trong Lu's composition is imprinted with the region Besides the real themes, customs the most outstanding is still romantic Recently there are a number of master thesis topics that have studied the prose of Luu Trong Lu First is the essay Style of the prose of Luu Trong Lu in our period before 1945 (Truong Dai Vinh, 2012) In addition, there are some other essays such as: Short story characteristics Luu Trong Lu by Tran Hoai Ngoc (Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 2012); Features Luu Trong Lu's story by Le Phuong Thao (Truong Dai Vinh, 2013) In general, the above mentioned works, articles and master's thesis only stop at general judgment, go into some genres or evaluate the narrative prose style of Luu Trong Lu We cherish the preceding ideas because though many, have contributed a meaningful voice to look back at the prose of Liu Trong Lu's proclamation before the August revolution Chapter SYNTHESIS OF AESTHETIC TRENDS IN THE NARRATIVE PROSE OF LUU TRONG LU BEFORE 1945 2.1 Some major aesthetic tendencies dominating Vietnamese literature in the first half of the twentieth century 2.1.1 Concept of aesthetic trends In our thesis, the concept of aesthetic tendency is used to refer to the propensity to choose media, techniques and materials to express beauty in writing Aesthetic tendency, on the one hand is a specific expression of aesthetic conception, on the other hand, is an environment that helps form aesthetic concept, as a system of evaluation criteria, choosing beauty and chi coordinate creative activities and enjoy beauty Aesthetic tendency exists in the form of spirit, as a direction that governs the whole behavior, the whole choice, description, and expression of the author But when it is realized, the aesthetic tendency manifests itself in every structural element of an aesthetic phenomenon, which makes the recipient aware Aesthetic tendency is a historical phenomenon There may be many different aesthetic trends that coexist for a period of time, or they will continue to play a dominant role in writing in the history of literature It is the diversity of aesthetic trends that enrich the spiritual life of the public Intuitively, one can immediately identify any aesthetic tendencies that dominate literary life But to verify, specific criteria are needed When it comes to asserting the existence / existence of an aesthetic tendency, the following factors need to be considered: a) The thought foundation on which will arise aesthetic tendency; b) Cultural foundation defines the deep relationship between aesthetic tendency and all other factors that make up the spiritual face of a society, a national community; c) Systemality of options for aesthetic expression methods and means; d) Compatibility between the system of options and aforementioned aesthetic expression facilities with the entire conditions of social development in a certain period of time 2.1.2 The trend of classic aesthetic "The trend of classic aesthetics" is a conventional concept set by us to indicate the direction of beauty with universal, formal, solemn, favorite harmony, balance in the composition of writer, poet This trend stems from the aesthetic tradition of national literature, most evident in the literary and later literary section, which has been modified by the successors on the basis of acquiring aesthetic principles of French classicalism, broadly speaking, is classicalism in Western literature The classic aesthetic tendency dominates Vietnamese medieval literature for a long time Entering the modern era, this trend is no longer popular and is not the first choice of the composer but it is still maintained Its existence depends on the writer, each author approaches classic aesthetics according to their own organs In poetry, due to the specificity of the genre, the mark of the classical tendency is most clearly expressed, expressed in the still-exaggerated words, in the way of image building, in the conception of harmony In Dong Ho, Quach Tan, Han Mac Tu, Bich Khe, Huy Can, Ngan Giang, Vu Hoang Chuong, Dinh Hung , the classic aesthetic tendency allows poets to create works sharp Of course, Luu Trong Lu also needs to be included in the number of poets who are still heavy with the classic aesthetic tendency, although he is among the most enthusiastic in the struggle for "market share" for new poetry Different from poetry, the classic aesthetic tendency leaves a fainter imprint in the narrative prose, including short stories, novels, and autobiographical forms The reason for this is because in the new literary era, The nature and structure of the genres has been changed The narrative of the stories of contemporary life has helped writers gradually "liquidate" the old literary beliefs, towards a more democratic view of the object of description, accordingly, will find a form of compatible expression Of course, the "liquidation" must also have a process In the prose's prose of the transitional period, the view of morality also governs the writing of many writers such as Pham Duy Ton, Nguyen Ba Hoc, Ho Bieu Chanh, accordingly, influences the way of choosing topics, building images , choose their tone The rhetoric of rhetoric is still popular, making readers of the new era sometimes tired They partly diminish the "prose" which is a very important property of modern narrative prose works 2.1.3 Aesthetic trend of citizens We use the concept of aesthetic tendency to show a modern aesthetic tendency, associated with the concept of people living in urban environments Aesthetic development of the population along with the reception of Western influences in lifestyle and living; with the emergence of diverse and diversified material and spiritual needs; With the popularity of psychological fancy newness, preferred change All of these are associated with the rise of personal consciousness of bourgeoisie and bourgeoisie Aesthetic beauty of the people associated with the romantic look, with the need to release the ego from the cramped environment The aesthetic tendency of the people in our country is not the time when the French colonialism appeared However, when the production relationship of capital goods appeared, with the emergence of urban areas, the rise of the bourgeoisie, the trend of aestheticism of new citizens flourished To meet the needs of readers, the composer must follow this aesthetic tendency, pay attention to new emotions, express new classes, new behaviors That is one of the reasons why writers when writing according to the aesthetic tendency, people often choose the content attached to the attitude of heightening the ego, paying attention to the romance of emotions, the way of expressing the words while being lyrical, polished and close life New romantic poetry is the voice of the urban bourgeoisie who has escaped the political struggle of the nation New Poetry authors often go into the inner world, into the subjective, "I" In the prose, if many works of Ho Bieu Chanh, Ngo Tat To, Nguyen Tuan show the presence of classic aesthetic tendencies by promoting morality, customs, and seeking the beauty of the time In the old days, the works of Nguyen Cong Hoan, Vu Trong Phung, Nam Cao, Nguyen Hong tend to have a clear aesthetic tendency This is evident in the way writers exploit the subject, deploy the topic and aim to mass in the selection of art methods and means In general, the trend of urban aesthetics denotes the need for innovation of literature to meet the demands of new, and earlier readers, to meet the expressing needs of creative subjects The aesthetic tendency of the local people is not a closed and closed nature but can encourage and promote many creative discoveries in different directions with modern spirit In public literature from 1930 to 1945, it can be said that this tendency plays a key role, influencing the writing of some revolutionary poets like To Huu (of course, only on some aspects belong to art form and self-expression needs of the self) 2.2 The continuation of the aesthetic tendencies of the era in the prose of Lưu Trọng Lu before 1945 2.2.1 The premise of succession Luu Trong Lu was born into a family with a Confucian tradition, studied at Hue National University and Hanoi He went to teach private schools, write and make newspapers for a living The author is also the composer, initiator and promoter of the new poetry movement As a person mainly trained and experienced in Western schools, the reception and modification of the aesthetic tendency of the era in the writer's prose before 1945 has been selected, bearing its own mark The source of that continuation stems from the author's preservation of the beauty of traditional literature and the flexible reception of new values of Western literature In fact, the composition shows that Luu Trong Lu's soul is heavily influenced by old influences, including Tan Da poetry That influence created in him the love of old values and true values through the writings on Nguyen Du, on Truyen Kieu In prose are works that 12 life and space of memory This is also his forte This space is associated with memories and memories of the author about family, childhood and especially the image of the mother It also contains a special "far away" look, which is paradoxically compatible with the legendary virtual dream space Chapter THE HALLMARK OF THE NARRATIVE PROSE OF LUU TRONG LU BEFORE 1945 AT THE SYSTEM OF THESIS AND IMAGE 3.1 Some outstanding themes and symbols of Vietnamese narrative prose before 1945 3.1.1 Principal topics 3.1.1.1 Family conflict Family is not a new topic in literature in general and Vietnamese literature in particular From the medieval times, both in poetry and in prose, family relations have been shown deeply, whereby social issues are also enlightened under a unique perspective The family theme continues to be deepened in the writings of many writers before 1945 When exploiting conflicts in the family, writers have the opportunity to see the correlation between the efforts of protection, preserving traditional morality and other changing aspirations, which are aroused by the stimulation of liberal ideology that promotes personal ego At Ho Bieu Chanh's composition, family conflicts appear very well, when it is associated with forced marriage (Money money), when it is associated with attempts and interests (Teacher of interpretation) Through the family problem, Ho Bieu Chanh wanted to affirm the ethics of the grape house as well as the traditions of good behavior of the Southern farmers Unlike Ho Bieu Chanh, the works of self-reliant authors exploited the fierce conflict between the rising personal consciousness and the traditional moral family's moral framework The writers of self-reliance and self-reliance have been on the side of the new, the positive to protect the right to life, the right to enjoy the happiness of women The center of attention of critical writers is humanistic issues, first of all, the issue of clothing, oppression, exploitation, the issue of rich and poor However, in their work, family problems also appear haunting Two novels are both autobiographical: Nguyen Hong's Childhood Days and Manh Phu Tu's Living Luu Trong Lu's prose prose before 1945 also mentioned family topics, but he did not exploit deep conflicts in traditional families or family breakdowns such as contemporary writers He mainly uses memories and memories about family, lineages and hometowns as compositions 3.1.1.2 Rural tragedies Until the first half of the twentieth century, Vietnam was still a backward agricultural country, with a population of over 90% being farmers It is entirely natural that farmers become a subject of primary interest in literature When it comes to this object, their tragic life in front of colonial exploitation by colonialism is of particular interest Vietnamese literature inherently has a tradition of compassion, therefore, rural tragedies always slander writers In addition, due to the influence of Western critiques of realism, digging into the misery of the bottom laborers has become an impulse to the depictive painter's writers Writing about the rural landscape must include Ngo Tat To, Nguyen Cong Hoan and Nam Cao Reportage The village of Ngo Tat To showed that backward customs, habits in the village have caused many disasters for farmers The general atmosphere that covered the 13 entire countryside in Nam Cao's work was a frigid, impoverished, desolate air Occasionally, there are noises, which are slash-and-slash, slashing and shouting of thugs like Chi Pheo The character of the farmer of Nam Cao seems to be pushed to the extreme: either gentle and weak to mental or fallen paralysis The fate of farmers and rural paintings is also reflected very sincerely and vividly in the Step of the Road (Nguyen Cong Hoan), the Thunder, the Dam of Vu Trong Phung When recreating the tragedies in the village, Luu Trong Lu's work is not as intense as the critically-acclaimed literary works, but there is no shortage of pitiful stories However, Luu Trong Lu did not go deep into exploiting the tragic life scenes, impoverishment or the image of the evil mobs with fierce conflicts He saw many painful realities but wanted to make a smooth reconciliation With a slow, calm storytelling, Luu Trong Lu does not push the story to a painful climax like Turning off the lights, Step along 3.1.1.3 Life in the city Since the French colonial rule in our country and accelerated the exploitation of colonies, the face of the city has many other changes, taking the nature of privatization The urban population increases with many different components, classes, with different concepts, life styles and artistic tastes It can be said that market readers are a key component of literary readers of that period Therefore, there is no reason to live in the city and not become an attractive topic of literary writing Moreover, with it, new ideas have a strong disclosure condition and artistic experiments also have a competitive land If the life in rural areas is often recreated in a calm, dull manner, life in the city is often expressed with a bustling, bustling atmosphere, where corruption takes place as a rule has popularity Writing about the city first of all, there are real writers such as Nguyen Cong Hoan, Vu Trong Phung, Tam Lang The world of urbanization in the short story Nguyen Cong Hoan is the world of the bottom: the car, Dual singing, lotus, tangerine In addition to the world of bourgeois bourgeois new people with a lot of ridiculous and cheating situations in Red Number, Vu Trong Phung expresses the vividness of life of many lives living to snuggle around the dark corners of the place called the flower Urban in Nam Cao works closely with the plight of poor intellectuals They are people with dreams and ambitions, but life does not allow them to raise their heads All dreams are lost, they live in the tragedy of "redundancy" and "death wear" With a lot of prosperity, the town is also a place where sorrows such as prostitution, gambling, and smoking evolve The prostitutes pretending to live in every corner and corner to make a living through days, families are broken by gambling, fate is pushed to the road - these are the materials that make up the tragic, bitter pages of Trong Lang (with Hanoi mistakenly), of Tam Lang (with Huong River Night), by Vu Trong Phung (with Luc Xi, Trapped by people), by Nguyen Dinh Lap (with Suburb, Alley) Luu Trong Lu also writes about people in urban environments While vividly reproducing the life of the intelligentsia, new male and female men of the time, he did not forget to criticize the way of life and enjoy the weakness of the character Do not deepen into the poverty of life, wobbly like the characters of Vu Trong Phung, Nam Cao and Nguyen Dinh Lap, Luu Trong Lu's main characters are new and young men and women, living in a Europeanized but weak way, preferring the materialistic way of life And many tragedies have come to them In this regard, the writer Luu Trong Lu has realistic colors in his own way 14 3.1.2 Featured character figures 3.1.2.1 The Rebel The concept of "rebellious people" is used here to refer to a rather special type of character of Vietnamese literature in the period of 1930 - 1945 It is a type of character with complicated personality, actions It is difficult to follow the traditional conception, daring to resist rigid set of rules to pursue personal freedom When building this type of character, Vietnamese writers clearly absorb the ideology of promoting individual people in Western literature There are many close points between "rebellious people" in Vietnamese literature and "rebellious people" in Western literature, however, the difference is still clear, because these human models are based on cultural and social premises are not the same Ho Bieu Chanh is a novelist with many works from Western literature Despite many influences of ideological ideology, Ho Bieu Chanh still sees a reality: the individual person is rising strongly, against the old framework and discipline Many of his characters reacted fiercely to his family, with rituals to protect love The writer Tu Luc Van Doan has built many "rebellious" characters Mai in the middle of the spring (General Hung) dares to fight to assert personal ego before the feudal family Mai dares to overcome the barriers of feudal ritual, fierce struggle for happiness, love for freedom and equality Loan in the Great Paragraph (Nhat Linh) pushed the struggle that Mai had conducted to a higher level She reacts to her old mother-in-law right from the beginning to her husband's house She struggled fiercely to protect the values she pursued, to determine her own happiness From 1936 onwards, social life became increasingly suffocating In this context, the pillar novelists of Tu Luc Group launched "strange" novels such as White Butterfly (Nhat Linh, 1941), Thanh Duc (Concept, 1943), described quite vividly kind of anarchist rebel, immoral, perverted, sick Luu Trong Lu met with Ho Bieu Chanh in the spirit of spirituality, Hoang Ngoc Phach in To Tam expressed his half-rebellious rebellion In novels written about women 's fate, Luu Trong Lu also expressed them as rebellious characters For example, the young lady Phan in Tàn had a life that gave up her life and wealthy life, and wealthy people to "turn around" and follow the wife of a blind Xam Princess La Mai in Princess La Mai's novel left her father in disguise, rather than marrying, not "taking a husband and a man in a tribe of ordinary people" that she despised 3.1.2.2 The corrupt People who are corrupt are the kind of characters that literature in the period before 1945 in general and critical literary literature in particular are very interested While focusing on reflecting corruption as a common phenomenon in half-feudal colonial society, critical real writers have actually built immortal examples, demonstrating the development of private The only novel in the way of exploring, depicting reality, people The world of characters in the short story Nguyen Cong Hoan is a corrupt world, deformed and highly materialized People in the short story Nguyen Cong Hoan were corrupted, distorted and "materialized" in a terrible way In the Thunderstorm, Winning the jackpot, Doing the slap of Vu Trong Phung, many main characters like Mich, Long, Phuc, Huyen are all corrupt They came from self-esteem intellectuals, white-haired peasant girls But the situation of the dark society pushed them The material benefits, money and love swept away them, making them irresistible When they had slipped into the muddy area, they could only pour out the fate, pouring into the situation Nam Cao's characters are 15 mostly honest people, but due to their inability to resist the pitfalls of society, they gradually become corrupted and corrupted Unlike many realistic writers, Luu Trong Lu paid little attention to explaining the social cause of alienation He only focused on reflecting the tragedy of corruption, mainly with modern-day youth such as Huy (From Heaven to Hell), Luong (Modern Girl), Minh (A Suffering Person) From people who are more or less ambitious, they quickly surrender, following the way of enjoying life The cause is not primarily because of society but because of the superficial lifestyle, easy to surrender to their circumstances Sometimes, the writer also poised the Wanderer and enjoy life 3.1.2.3 People, social victims The image of human victims appears concentrated in the writing of critical literary realist tendencies 1930 - 1945 Writers often pay attention to the image of small people being pinched and stripped taking the rights, from the land, the food to the right to be human With materialist thinking, to explain the causes of poverty, unhappiness is from society, critical realist writers have widened the scope of reflecting and deeply expressing the extreme life of many classes in society , outlined major class conflicts On the subject of intellectuals, urban life, critical literary reality also created many heartbreaking tragedies The Ho, Dien, Thu (Nam Cao), Long, Phuc, Huyen (Vu Trong Phung), Uncle Square, Huyen (Nguyen Dinh Lap) all quickly became victims of a suffocating society, no for people to exist, to live the true human life The prose Luu Trong Lu also writes about the victims, but they are primarily victims of the customs and habits of those who have rights Many characters in the prose Luu Trong Lu are victims of the patriarchy, the type of feudal behavior "where you put your parents?" And that is the cause of death in the hearts of many characters 3.2 The definition of the theme in the prose of Lưu Trọng Lu before 1945 3.2.1 Human subject in urban environment Romantic literature often builds up the contrast between the life of a liberal, liberal individual and urban living environment, which is characterized by suffocating, full of profanity With Luu Trong Lu, the ability to feel and express contemporary life, especially the life of the characters living in the urban atmosphere before the August Revolution, is represented quite comprehensively The writer does not intend to cover the vast picture, buckling the color of human beings in the urban environment but mainly goes into the life of the bourgeoisie, the class of artists and artists that he has attached bundle, familiar (because he is actually a member of the family) He is not too deep in describing the mental tragedies of those people in the style of Nam Cao Reading his autobiographical prose compositions, it is clear that the duality of material civilization is displayed in the city On the one hand, it reveals the modernity of living space with the real and legitimate beneficiary needs of people, on the other hand it also carries many dangers, will draw many people into the path of desolation, beating lose yourself Here, it is clear that his view of "periodic light" is a non-biased, prejudiced view Because of that, he got very clear pages when he sketched a picture of Ha's students in the years before the Revolution 3.2.2 The subject of human misfortune In composing before 1945, Luu Trong Lu was often interested in "those who lost their lives" This is also a familiar topic of romantic writers in general and Vietnamese romantic writers in particular Nguyen Tuan with the Golden Ball once erected the image of those 16 who are outdated, reluctant and often embrace nostalgia of the past Writers like Nhat Linh, Dung Hung, Thach Lam and Ho Dzachnh have written many works about people who are deadlocked and disillusioned with their careers, accepting a life around and stagnant Writing about people who are miserable, Luu Trong Lu focuses on building characters who are male and female Many people came from a noble family, but due to circumstances, they fell to the bottom of society Some wild characters like the great Le are also recognized by writers as people who miss In the prose prose Luu Trong Lu, the negligence is often associated with love There is a character who has renounced himself to run after the call of love and become a discouraging man For example, Thay Lock Van in Sensation (Huong Giang history novel) In the novel "Tra Hoa Nu," Luong Ha Dat represents the type of character "selling peddlers", not pursuing the goal to the end The misshapen character in the narrative proclamation Luu Trong Lu before 1945 was quite diverse: heroes who hated because of the failed national dream; the girls Gypsy but still retain the features of the channel, talent; the monks could not shake off all the dust to consecrate themselves to the Buddha With this type of character, Luu Trong Lu contributed to making the image of the people who missed in Vietnamese literature before the August Revolution so lively, richer 3.2.3 Themes of private memories Private memories are not a private subject of romantic literature or works of romanticism But it must be admitted that, in this type of composition, the topic of private anniversary is particularly popular and there are specific highlights In Luu Trong Lu's narrative prose, memories of childhood, about yourself, your family, your homeland are often returned regularly In these cases, the storyteller confesses "I" almost identical to the author, and thus, the autobiographical appearance of the compositions is also clearly revealed Integrating in the love story in the old Ben novel is the memory of childhood and family of the writer himself The memories of the family, the lineage of Luu Trong Lu expressing vividly in the clan's novel This is "Considered as an essay and memoir about the family and the author's homeland" When writing about the topic that we call an estimate of "private memories", the writer has successfully used the form of correspondence Letters are the means to inform and also the secret and delicate way of exchanging emotions that people prefer Therefore, when writing about private memories, Luu Trong Lu does not mind putting in short stories, his novels express feelings in the form of letters Luu Trong Lu often takes memories of childhood, self, family and homeland as a material to create fiction Many images in prose are also haunting images in many of his poems: the stretcher stretches on the mountainside; image of the mother with "Black smile on the back of the sleeve" and "Red shirt of the person who brought it to the front of the rooster (New sunshine), the image of the sisters sitting sad on the side of the door (Crazy Love, One Winter) Look collectively, with the theme of private anniversary, People can read short stories and novels that he writes to better understand his poetry and vice versa Having talked about private memories, one cannot help but remember the particular spatial contexts associated with it In the narrative prose before 1945 by Luu Trong Lu, the reader saw a localized space The striking space in Luu Trong Lu's narrative prose is the space of the central land of Quang Binh, his hometown, with many caves, rivers, mountains 17 and passes Thus, when writing about the spaces attached to my own memories, Luu Trong Lu as well as Bui Hien and Thach Lam have shown their own unique style of the countryside This local flavor has contributed to the own charm of the particular aesthetic and atmospheric compositions needed in literature 3.3 The unique feature of the human image system in the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945 3.3.1 The image of a human being has a psychological failure The romantics are more or less all have psychological failure This mentality arises inevitably when people see how many beautiful social goals are in turn stolen by dark forces in society A pessimistic, depressed feeling covered the lives of many dreamers There is nothing difficult to understand when in his compositions, poetry as well as prose, Luu Trong Lu expressed quite strongly the psychology of failure of the characters Female characters like Ms Nhung and Ms Quynh and Ms Cẩn have clearly failed in the struggle for free love Someone must "follow her husband to give up the game" like Nhung and Nguyet, but there are also people who have to seek death to keep love, piety and honor for themselves like Cẩn and Quỳnh Write the same problem, but the male characters in Luu Trong Lu's story are willing to give up religion to enter the garden forbidding love Not only seeing the psychology of defeat in the wild characters, Luu Trong Lu also saw it in many other subjects More importantly, he paid close attention to them According to the writer, many times people fail only because of a lack of will and have a superficial ideal 3.3.2 The image of people immersed in love In the period 1930 - 1945, in literature, individual people began to assert themselves strongly Sad, lonely is the mood associated with each individual but is a common feature of many writers This arises from the objective cause, they not know what to do, must go in any direction between the dissolved society They also not accept ordinary, boring life Therefore, they feel lost and helpless in society Collection of the prose of Luu Trong Lu before the Revolution consists of 27 short stories, 27 novels, most of them mention love Enough of love levels in his pages: love in dreams, new and transient love, gentle vibrations, sometimes unrequited love, prevented love, love distinguish the floor Every time the thunderstorm voice calls, the love in Luu Trong Lu's pages is love regardless of boundaries Not only beautiful love makes people want to trade everything to follow its call, but the love in Luu Trong Lu's prose is also a greedy, selfish and hateful love It can be seen that, when showing the image of people who dive in "tank of love", writers sometimes want to concurrently play the role of a philosopher Nowhere else have we seen the philosophy of love given so much Basically, they also have their own colors, given the specific literary context before 1945 3.3.3 Image of a dreamlike person Luu Trong Lu is a romantic and dreamy person It is natural that in his prose, he often takes us immersed in the shimmering, mystical and dreamlike realms of grace Luu Trong Lu revels in all the beauty of man and creation His heart always sobbed, his soul was always dreamy, he brought real disturbance with dreaming, dreaming with reality, first with 18 people, first with custom In his prose prose before 1945, there were many characters belonging to the virtual dream world In the real world, Luu Trong Lu's character also lives in illusion These are stories built with "material" taken from the world of fantasy The author finds a miraculous world, which blows souls into senseless objects that make them souls like humans First of all, the characters of the world of the fairy world The characters of the fantasy world in prose Liu Jing Lu not only appeared in stories about fairy tales and ghosts but also in many stories on other topics This reflects his view of reality, as he once claimed in the midnight memoir: "Dream and life are two threads across the loom Life creates dreaming and dreaming makes life." Chapter ART CHOICES WITH SPECIAL FEATURES IN THE NARRATIVE PROSE OF LUU TRONG LU BEFORE 1945 4.1 Using and modifying familiar motifs of romanticism 4.1.1 The concept of motif and the premise of using and modifying familiar art motifs in narrative prose Luu Trong Lu The Glossary of Literary Dictionaries (Le Ba Han - Tran Dinh Su - Nguyen Khac Phi, co-editor) commented: "The Sino-Vietnamese word motif is a theme (by the Chinese transliteration of motif in French), yes "It can be transformed into mold words, forms or types in Vietnamese in order to refer to elements, large or small parts that have been formed in a stable and sustainable manner and used many times in folklore and artistic writing." By the early twentieth century, motifs were explored by Western scholars as a category of literary research The condition for turning an element of composition into an artistic motif is that these elements must be sustainable in content, form in a literary text, in the writings of a writer or a good trend a literary era This is also synonymous with viewing motifs as an art phenomenon that exists over time, which can be used, modified, consolidated over time, through different compositions of authors different Luu Trong Lu was born in the Confucian family, so it was natural for him to love old values At the same time, due to the fact that in Western school, having been exposed to the noble beauty of the trend of Western classical aesthetics, the above affection has not faded, but it has been strengthened, with new shades We can recognize in the composition, he has applied the traditional beauty and approached the Western nobility beauty, which has created a feature in the author's aesthetic tendency Moreover, Luu Trong Lu came to modern literature with the spirit of romance, love and dreaming He was always conscious of maintaining the continuity between tradition and past and present At the same time, in the process of composing writers, it created romance in the inspiration of creation and selection of topics; Priority is given to expressing the emotional world of people and absorbing the artistic experience of many creative trends Since then, he has created an impressive personal style With the influence of modern aesthetic ideals, the impact of real life and the demands of personal style in composing, Luu Trong Lu learns on one side and acquires elements from outside , using some motifs of romanticism in general, on the other hand, the writer turns them into today's stories, escaping the "eternal" and "eternal" nature 19 These are stories that are relevant to the reality that the author is in need of understanding, expressing, and stories associated with the lives of Vietnamese people, with Vietnamese nuances 4.1.2 The imprint of Luu Trong Lu in using and modifying familiar motifs As a pioneer of the new Poetry movement, Luu Trong Lu has learned many creative experiences of romanticism In the narrative prose, the writer has also created an old and new look for familiar motifs He is ready to use the available motifs, but the motifs have been modified to suit the psychology of people at that time In the composition of Luu Trong Lu, there is the presence of the "Look for the past" motif Many of the references in the previous chapter show that this motif has been used systematically, throughout many of his narrative prose works In the writing of Luu Trong Lu's narrative prose before 1945, there are 34 out of 54 works written on the subject of love The figure of 63% is not small, this is consistent with the starting point of a romantic poet writing prose to create the motif that we temporarily call "Ai love is a suffering tank" Luu Trong Lu often builds characters that are influenced by Western civilization This type of character often comes from a family of mandarins, but is able to study French Vietnamese school, speak French They have new ideas, are soon in tune with Western civilization to express their personal selves, but it seems that they not have the courage, motivation and power of thought to go along with their journey They become fast-paced with contemporary life, like many other characters we encounter in many romanticist compositions It can be said that here, Luu Trong Lu used a fairly popular and temporary motif named "Half-hearted rebellion" Nature is the favorite topic of many writers and poets of all time In medieval literature, nature appears through the themes of flowers, flowers, snow, and moon and it is also a great inspiration of romanticism Therefore, most romantic artists are passionately looking for beauty in nature Nature is like a clear, clean sky that gently lulls romantic souls that are deeply discordant with the suffocating and cramped life of the era They consider it a friend to share, confide Luu Trong Lu is a writer who is in that flow and the reader has complete basis for it Through his works, Luu Trong Lu makes his own mark in how to combine motifs into synthetic symbols He looked back to find the past with the figure of a gentle mother, aloof in a black smile Sometimes, it is a picture of a red cervical neck that she brings to the rooster in the sun Or is it the green of the stretcher - a symbol of affluence and comfort in the loving arms of the family Clearly, Luu Trong Lu's work is often placed in a flashback of the past The past may be clear, when vaguely fanciful, but it is the impression, the shimmering moments in the mind so that each character reminiscing is once more powerful, more motivated to live, to survive in and dreams (Blue stretcher, family line, old Ben, I am a girl at the door ) Remembering the obsessive past, Luu Trong Lu's character is not "negative" Return to the past to look forward to the future The sadness of the past shines for much bitter reality is also a clear sadness that is not tragic, tragic In the subject of love, Luu Trong Lu expressed love in many ways His characters often float in endless love affairs This is the reason why we can refer to the "Immerse in love pool" motif - a particular motif of romanticism - used again and again in many of his compositions 20 Luu Trong Lu pays great attention to exploiting the "unfinished love" motif, by retelling the story of the characters who are studying Vietnamese French school, interacting with French culture, having free love, in the morning of their age students but eventually agreed on the situation, accepted the arrangement of fate, the arrangement of the family (Ms Nhung, Co Nguyet) Talking about the use and modification of some familiar motifs of romanticism in the prose of Luu Trong Lu, it is necessary to see that these motifs are used in many compositions, especially poetry, of other pens It is worth mentioning here that Luu Trong Lu used them in narrative prose, with high concentration Particularly with this point, it is possible to see the close relationship between the author's poetry and the writer's writing Many new things that are only evoked in poetry will be interpreted more explicitly in narrative prose, through true human stories of the time 4.2 Real material molding in the direction of customization 4.2.1 The difference between the trend of customizing and novelizing in narrative prose The concept of customizing trends here refers to a tendency to record and reproduce the real face with its distinct characteristics, the final product is the composition that is often classified as "weathered." customary (customary short stories, customary novels) With this trend, the novelist is not too deep in analyzing social causes or building great essays, immersed in reflections on the universal humanity The authors mainly reproduce realistic pictures, vividly describe the objects they contact, experience, like to show readers that there are those people there, that scene is specific but in other places not see, no Many of their writing pages can be likened to lively social and cultural studies Some writers tend to follow the customary tendency, even though they talk about the poverty and negligence of farmers but rarely show the analysis to find the source of the incident For them, sometimes the aim is just to save a picture of a person, a village, a community Talking about the trend of novelization in the prose prose is to mention the clear awareness of writers in exploring the private life of the people, focusing on the nuisance, concern and reflection of figure With works written in this trend, the most challenging thing for writers is the analytical spirit, the ability to see the interrelationships of life through an event, a personality, an ability to understand what L.Tolstoy said was "dialectic of the soul" According to literature theory, the novel is full of "prose", interested in building "tastes" characters, has a "sleazy" approach to the object and language is a complex raft many voices of dialogue, dispute, mutual interpretation Therefore, the concept of the novelization trend used here is meant to identify a movement in the artistic thinking of contemporary writers with Luu Trong Lu, when they want to study the current novel models great western Customization and fiction are two trends that not always exist in the Vietnamese narrative prose before 1945 The reality shows that the trend of customization is more easily accepted by the censorship apparatus because it is almost "unscathed", less "difficult" for the authorities Moreover, this trend seems to meet the tastes of the class of readers who live in urban areas, are no longer completely dependent on rural life, even if they go to their roots, they are farmers, go come to the period from the muddy field However, for socially sensitive writers who are capable of analyzing the subject well, much sensitive to the presence of social consciousness in the universal spectrum of a language the era, the attention to the customary aspect of the picture of life does not overwhelm the need to express deep feelings about a rapidly changing reality 21 4.2.2 The actual molding of materials is in the direction of customizing in the prose of Luu Trong Lu In Luu Trong Lu, perhaps the poet's character is stronger so when writing prose, before realizing it, he mainly breaks and glides without going deep Also, reading his autobiographical prose, the reader saw the custom of silver Attention to express lineages relations is also a proof that the trend of writing to the "custom" side of the author Luu Trong Lu The family is the autobiography and essay about the writer's family and home There, the relations in the clan and clan are clearly expressed by the author In the work, the reader can also live in the atmosphere of the animals among the "village" Here, a lot of words to describe wrestling are used by writers The writer also recreated the scene of the villagers most anticipated on the fourth day of the Lunar New Year as the exam scene (morning) and martial arts competition (afternoon - robbery) With careful preparation of the tactics, the two villages just wait for the signal that all the two young men jump into a chaotic "battle" The win will belong to the team who believes in its own strength Luu Trong Lu often expressed his attitudes and feelings towards small pictures taken from his memories of family, clan, and village hometown Readers find that he has no ambition to generalize the breadth of reality, rarely to go along in the study and show of conflict that is primarily concerned with describing and showing pictures of special activities 4.2.3 Luu Trong Lu's own features with writers at the same time on the problem of molding materials in the direction of customizing If contemporary writers such as Nguyen Cong Hoan, Vu Trong Phung, Nam Cao describe meticulous reality with many details, Luu Trong Lu does that work with a method of breaking Luu Trong Lu does not focus on a clear criticism of a society, a class or a bad habit The cause of the tragedies expressed in his prose is not necessarily from society but comes first from lifestyle, behavior of characters The reality in the prose of Luu Trong Lu is that there are situations, little pictures of life, no creepy and stormy, no grainy, dramatic roughness The lyrical language and tone are therefore also the basic characteristics of the prose Luu Trong Lu There is no clue, no big deal but behind those quiet words is how much torment about the awakening of human personality Liu Trong Lu is deeply influenced by the romantic school, so his work awakens the joy of living in the depths of people Luu Trong Lu's voice is very charismatic, expressing quite subtly the emotional levels of introspection Therefore, Luu Trong Lu's prose prose is gentle and rich in poetry, not so sharp or heavy with philosophies, habits to turn the problem over 4.3 Creating a smooth combination between prose and poetry 4.3.1 The basis of creating a combination of prose and poetry The concepts of "prose" and "poetry" have been used quite popularly in many literary reasoning documents They are conventional, initially used to describe the different properties between prose and poetry, which are two objects that are often placed in opposing relations If the prose is revealed by the honest depiction of the complexities and complexities of life, the poem is lifted by the tendency to select the beauty and poetic features of life There are documents that identify prose is an important characteristic of modern novels As for poetry, the explanation is somewhat more dispersed Sometimes it is identified with lyricism, sometimes it is seen as one of 22 the manifestations of lyrical With the development of chaotic compositions of the genre, the two concepts of prose and poetry are no longer indicative of the characteristics of distinctive genres, but only outstanding properties in composition, No matter what genre the song belongs to Luu Trong Lu composed capital in many fields: poetry, prose, theater, literary criticism Coming to literature, he seems to bring the "reconciliation" mission between poetry and prose, between reality and romance (in the sense that it creates a harmony between the opposites) so that it can be written The works are quite consistent with traditional aesthetics Characteristic of prose is to discover the world of objective reality However, besides proper description, true description, prose also needs expressiveness, but expression is the attribute of poetry Thus, prose sometimes has the need to open the way for poetry to enter, create for itself a separate lyrical color The phenomenon of poetic poetry infiltrating prose in the period of 1930 - 1945 is not only in the lyrical short story series of Thach Lam, Thanh Tinh, and Ho Dzenh but also in Tu Luc van Doan's novels, short stories Nhat Linh and Tinh Hung , Nguyen Tuan Even in critical literary realism, Nguyen Hong let poetry flow into his work naturally in Childhood Days, Mo Du, Gray Afternoon Reading Luu Trong Lu's prose pages, it is easy to see the emotional mix of poets with prose writers and novels Because the main inspiration that led to his prose pen was the lyrical inspiration Luu Trong Lu wrote poetry about his mother, about the fall, about memories that followed him all his life Luu Trong Lu also writes short stories, writes novels, writes memoirs on these topics, so the encounter between poetry and prose is obvious The poetry in Luu Trong Lu prose is raised from the remembrance of childhood memories, about mother The novel The maidess of Lady Lieu has conveyed the content of the poem The Stretcher, but it has a wide and longer resonance: with the image of a stretcher on the pass when the night falls, the two men I was told by the stretcher that Nuong Ba had a demonic spirit for Le Sinh and a young woman who made everyone nervous Among the 54 short stories and author's novels before the August Revolution, we see up to 21 authors who put poetry into or let the characters sing (15 works citing poetry, characters for the character singing) This is a testament to the harmony, the connection of the poet's soul and the poet's soul Luu Trong Lu 4.3.2 Expression of poetry featues about reality Depthing on the psychology, the feeling of the character is one of the first experimental points of the writers in the way of efforts to modernize Vietnamese literature From To Tam of Hoang Ngoc Phach to the novel of the self-reliant office, the psychological expression, the feeling gradually becomes an essential requirement Luu Trong Lu is primarily a poet, starting with poetry This starting point has greatly influenced his prose writing As a poet of sorrow and dream, when writing prose he focused on the feeling of the character His narrative prose, too, has many stories that he has not brooded for a long time, and even in a moment of sublimation of emotions, he could create a subjective story It is a story that does not have a clear sense, there is no preparation for brooding before, but it is flowing from a pen of emotion This once again shows the smooth combination of poetry and narrative in prose The four stories often come unexpectedly, suddenly from an unreasonable domain that is related to inspiration, the moment of sublimation, the glint in artistic thinking Inspired by deep love, the very simple stories that Luu Trong Lu has told him lost their 23 usual day-to-day nature and sparkled the fantasy structure of the poems He loves to explore romantic feelings through which he expresses his worries and compassion about human destiny and time It is because there is no need to build a tight, detailed structure for the story, so in the novels of the fairy tale, there are many dialogue lines of the characters, Luu Trong Lu let them speak like a poem 4.3.3 The combination of prose and poetic features in terms of language and tone In his prose, Luu Trong Lu used a language of poetic language There, the analysis and shaping not overwhelm the expression, the convention Specifically, the emotional distance between the narrator and the character's emotions in the work has been shortened, sometimes overlapping From this perspective, the narrator can penetrate the emotions, thoughts, impressions of the character, see the world, follow the eyes of the character and narrate with the character's expressive tone The harmony between the emotions of the narrator and the emotions of the characters is one of the manifestations of the harmonious handling of the relationship between poetry and prose In the above story, the writer has just let the narrative character revisit and leave the narrative character hidden As a narrator exposed, he is considered a participant in the story as a character, joined in conversation, directly commented, speaking his own voice In the case of the narrator, the narrator is the narrator according to the "third person" in the form of the narrator (created by the author), the narrative here is objective and neutral Therefore, the narrative here is also the task of re-presenting and analyzing and explaining the objective world of matter, things and people; reappear and analyze, explain the words of others' consciousness Thus, due to the influence of Vietnamese tradition that "heavenly love" for poetry and creative context typical of the public literature department, plus the experience and practical activities of themselves, Luu Trong Lu, through narrative prose compositions, was very consistent when maintaining a poetic view of reality It can be said that, with the treatment of language and tone quite nicely, Luu Trong Lu has created a balance between prose and poetry in his prose CONCLUSION The self-proclaimed prose of Luu Trong Lu in the period before 1945 has not been paid due attention by researchers and readers There are also contradictory assessments of writer's contributions and success Besides the excellent writers and romantic trends, there are many close features with Luu Trong Lu such as Thach Lam, Thanh Tinh, Ho Dzemnh, Xuan Dieu and Luu Trong Lu sometimes blurred However, there have recently been more objective reviews of the prose Luu Trong Lu To systematically read his narrative prose works before 1945, readers still recognize his unique features and significant contributions to the process of modernizing Vietnamese literature in general and the background Vietnamese narrative prose in particular Although deeply influenced by traditional literature, Luu Trong Lu is still inclined to modern writing with a romantic spirit His prose has both inherited and modified the aesthetic trends that existed to contribute to creating a new aesthetic communication environment for contemporary literature In him, there is a measure, a classic, with a nostalgia and a sense of beauty in the past, and a Western romantic color, with human 24 models, aesthetic standards that are democratic and appropriate with psychological, tastes and age The close combination of aesthetic tendencies has created a diversity in composition The prose Luu Trong Lu thus both realizes and is both romantic and oriental and Western, both ancient and smoky smoky of fairy and both stories of today The highlight in prose Luu Luu's prose remains a romantic inspiration in the choice of themes and iconic systems With the thinking of a romantic poet, to the prose field, Luu Trong Lu continues to direct the pen to the world of sorrow and dreaming The main topics of Luu Trong Lu prose are: people tragedy in urban environments, people who miss, and personal memories The image of a human being who has a psychological failure, a person who is immersed in a love zone, a dreamlike person is a prominent figure, or more or less obsessed with readers Clearly, these are all familiar topics of romantic literature in the world as well as in Vietnam, followed by Luu Trong Lu and expressed in his own organs In the prose prose, Luu Trong Lu pays special attention to expressing the emotional and inner world of characters It can be said that seeing people in emotional aspect is a new development of narrative prose before 1945 that Luu Trong Lu has made a significant contribution With a deep exploration of the "inner person", the discovery of the emotional part, the deep feeling of the soul, Luu Trong Lu proved his sensitivity and sophistication in understanding the true identity of the people in the romantic and era era where personal consciousness is rising strongly to claim their right to life It is here that we see not only a harmonious combination of the status of a romantic poet and an aggressive writer who understands the literary market, understands the movement of the whole literature, but also is a fusion of trends, literary schools in Vietnamese literature from 1930 to 1945: there is romance, reality, symbolism, the domination of the tradition of narrative, and the learning , absorb new lessons from far away, first of all from French literature Through the practice of the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945, the literary history researcher can see the reality that exists in the contemporary literary picture: the different literary trends, but the boundary between them must always be clear, definitive, without major conflicts in concept, aesthetic ideal This reflects the development situation with the specific characteristics of the national literature: to create a positive reception and transformation to modernize in all aspects of literary writing In order to gain achievements in the prose prose, Luu Trong Lu actively took on the influence of many creative trends: the sentimental sentiment, the tendency to denounce reality and the tendency of custom Writers also have specific choices in terms of art He often used the motifs available, but the motifs that he had used a metamorphosis to match the era at the time, said the voice of the air he was breathing When receiving the manifestations of the emotional writing style, Luu Trong Lu made his pages full of compassion, sorrow, and wistful But not only that, the real quality in many of his writing pages is also very high This contributes to eliminating a prejudice that for a person who realizes dream life as Liu Trong Lu, sharp observation and recording of life is difficult to achieve Read prose Luu Luu prose, readers also have the opportunity to enjoy watching the pages of customary nature Particularly in this respect, Luu Trong Lu proved not to be inferior to the writers often thought to have a knack for customs such as To Hoai and Bui Hien Luu Trong Lu's prose prose has left imprints Particularly artistic He succeeded 25 LIST OF WORKS PUBLISHED BY AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "About outstanding motifs in the narrative prose of Luu Trong Lu in the period before 1945", Saigon University Magazine, No 14, June 2013, pages 16 - 21 Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "Real tendency in Luu Trong Lu's narrative prose period before 1945", Journal of Educational Sciences, No 126, March 2016, pages 56 - 58 Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "The imprint of "Tenets", the school of nineteenth-century French literature in the narrative prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945 ", Journal of Science, Hanoi National University of Education, No 2/2017, page 71 - 77 Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "About outstanding topics in the narrative prose of Luu Trong Lu in the period before 1945", Scientific Journal of Saigon University, No 26, March 2017, pages 47 - 52 Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "About some solutions to improve the quality of teaching modern Vietnamese literacy 2", Ebook Presentation at the Seminar of Researching and Teaching Literature in the school from tradition to modern, Ho Chi Minh City University of Pedagogy, 28th Apr 2017 Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "The main factors that create the "dream world" in Luu Trong Lu's narrative prose in the period before 1945", Journal of Science, Vinh University, collection no.46, No 1B / 2017, page 62 - 66 Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "The interweaving of spatial regions in the narrative prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945", Journal of Science, Hanoi National University of Education, No 1/2018, page 90 - 94 Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "Expression of character’s emotion in the narrative prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945", Journal of Science, Dong Nai University, No 09/2018, page 67 - 72 Ho Thi Thanh Thuy, "The combination of prose and poetic substance in terms of language and tone in the prose of Liu Trong Lu before 1945", Journal of Science, Dong Nai University, No 13/2019, page 81 - 86 26 The project has been completed at Vinh University Science Instructor: Ass.Prof Dr Dinh Tri Dung Ass.Prof Dr Phan Huy Dung Opponency Ass.Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Bich Thu Institute of Literature, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences Opponency Ass.Prof Dr Bien Minh Dien Vinh University Opponency Ass.Prof Dr Le Tu Anh Hong Duc University The thesis will be protected before the Thesis Examination Council which is held at: Vinh University At time day month 2019 The thesis can be found at: - National Library - Resource Center - Nguyen Thuc Hao Library, Vinh University ... the self) 2.2 The continuation of the aesthetic tendencies of the era in the prose of Lưu Trọng Lu before 1945 2.2.1 The premise of succession Luu Trong Lu was born into a family with a Confucian... death in the hearts of many characters 3.2 The definition of the theme in the prose of Lưu Trọng Lu before 1945 3.2.1 Human subject in urban environment Romantic literature often builds up the... many researchers such as Duong Quang Ham, Thieu Son, Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan, Vu Ngoc Phan, Kieu Thanh Que 1.2.2 Studies published after 1945 After the August Revolution, the problem of receiving