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1 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND TRAINING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAMESE ACADEMY OF FOREST SCIENCES Le Huu Phu STUDY ON SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF GAO GIONG MELALEUCA FOREST, DONG THAP PROVINCE Major: Silviculture Code: 9620205 SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS HA NOI - 2019 The thesis is completed at: Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences Scientific guide: Associate Professor Ph.D Ngo Đinh Que Dr Nguyen Chi Thanh Chairman: Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis was defended in front of the Institute-level Council at the Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences at date 2019 The thesis can be found at the National Library and Library of the Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences Introduction The urgency of the subject Now the management of Melaleuca forests (MF) in many forest management units have been implementing as a “single approach” means that based on mainly Melaleuca forest while other factors of wetland ecosystem such as water, soil, fauna, flora, landscape, etc are not still concerned significantly Keeping the year-round high water level to reduce the risk of forest fires has changed from wetlandasonally inundated ecosystems to year-round inundation, resulting in less developed melaleuca, wetlandasonally inundated grassland habitats narrowed from that reduces the habitat of many animals In addition, the legal provisions on exploitation and uwetland of natural resources in special forests are only regulated for forest and special forests in upland areas, while the resources of wetland in the special forests are in the wetland not clearly defined The Management Board of Gao Giong Forest is managing 1,492.5 ha, located in the Plain of Reeds, which is one of the important ecoecological areas in the Mekong Delta The management method of Melaleuca forest in Gao Giong (MFGG) is to both carry out the function of conwetlandrving biodiversity, using forest resources reasonably with the participation of LC To promote the values and wisely use natural resources in the wetland according to the Ramsar convention, titled " Study on scientific basis of integrated management of GGMF, Dong Thap province” has been implemented to propose integrated management methods to meet the goal of forest protection and biodiversity conservation with rational use of forest resources with the participation of local communities (LC) as a management measure synthesize samples so that MF on other wetlands have similar conditions of reference, is meaningful and necessary job Objectives Overall objectives: Proposing a model of management of MF in Gao Giong based on the scientific basis of the relationship of Melaleuca forest with the factors of wetland under the approach of ecosystem management with the participation of LC, exploiting and using natural resources of MF and wetlands in a sustainable way while maintaining the function and value of melaleuca and ecosystems Specific goal: (i) Determining the effect of inundation regime, habitat and seasonal regimes on forest and wetland resources as a basis for proposing a scientific basis for the integrated management of Melaleuca forest ecosystems; (ii) Proposing an integrated management model of Melaleuca forest based on the ecological relationship between Melaleuca forest with local community participationand, linking conservation with other exploitation, sustainable use and benefit sharing The scientific and practical significance of the thesis Scientific significance: (i) Building scientific arguments as a basis to propose integrated management solutions for a Melaleuca forest on wetlands based on the study of natural factors and social factors;; (ii) Contribute scientific data to a research database of MF and wetland in Vietnam Practical implications: Displaying integrated management measures of Melaleuca forest in Gao Giong as a sample management measures for other Melaleuca forest management boards that have the same conditions for reference and study New point of the thesis Determining the scientific basis of the management of Melaleuca forest on the wetland area according to the ecosystem approach based on the relationship between the elements of MF, herbaceous, animals, soil under inundation regime and habitats Proposing an integrated management model of Melaleuca forest on the wetland area in Gao Giong, Dong Thap province according to the purpose of sustainable use of ecosystem resources with the participation of the local community but still maintaining the functions and value of melaleuca forest and wetlands Thesis layout The thesis has 147 pages, including 49 tables, 68 figures, 113 references, and is structured into the following contents: Introduction: pages Chapter Overview of studies: 24 pages Chapter Content and methods: 22 pages Chapter Result and discussion: 83 pages Conclusions and recommendations: pages Published works related to the topic: page References: 11 pages Appendix Chapter OVERVIEW OF STUDIES 1.1 Studies in the world Studies on Melaleuca forest ( Cajuputi Melaleuca Powell ) Melaleuca (cajuputi Melaleuca Powell) referred to as cajuputi Melaleuca belongs to the Myrtaceae family, is one of 10 species that constitute the M leucadendra complex , also known as M Leucadendron [20], [76] Naturally distributed in Northern Australia and Papua New Guinea However, this species is also widely distributed in Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand , Vietnam and India [75] Melaleuca cajuputi distributes mainly in the coastal regions of the hot and humid tropics with the highest average temperature in the hottest month is 31 - 33 C; The lowest average temperature in the coldest month is 17 - 220 C ; live best in coastal wetlands; in which the soil is formed from alluvial deposits, rich in organic matter, poor drainage capacity, low fertility, high sulfate acid [81] Studies on wetlands The views of the Ramsar Convention on sustainable management of the wetland : "Wise use" of the wetland and are defined as follows: " Maintaining the ecological characteristics of the wetland through implementing the ecosystem approach in the framework of development sustainable ” [102 ] IUCN has been in charge of water management according to the ecosystem approach (2009) [32] lists 12 guidelines, which highlight is wetlandeking the appropriate balance and integration of conwetlandrvation and use of bio-diversity; attract the participation of stakeholders; and should consider all types of relevant information, including scientific and indigenous and local knowledge, innovation and practicality The studies on MF management on wetland areas Results of Yamanoshita Takashi (2001) [106] in the Thai wetlands, the height of the trees during the rainy season is greater than the dry season Planted forest on the ridge is 23.7% larger than unrooted plantation (Nakabayashi Kazua (2001) [100]) Results of the control of Melaleuca quinquenervia in the South East region of South Florida, United States by biological means more effective than mechanical measures (Turner TD (1998) [107]) ; To prevent encroachment of alien species and increawetland biodiversity in wetland areas in South Florida National Park, an integrated management strategy has been developed , including the participation of local comunity and encourage economic wetlandctors to participate (Frank J Mazzotti (1997) [85]) ; To understand fully the value ecosystem requires discussion with the community to identify the wetland ecosystem services from countries and areas of wetland, which has emphasized the role of indigenous knowledge of local community (Russi (2013) [105] ); To sustainable use of wetlands according to the ecosystem approach has been highly consensus of stakeholder when harmonizing the aspects of social, environmental and economic benefits (Harrington (2011) [87]) In summary, the management of melaleuca and wetlands in the world is based on the goal of integrated management, not only for economic purposes, managing and using all the ecosystems of the wetlands with the participation of local community and harmonious settlement of social, environmental and economic benefits 1.2 Studies in Vietnam Studies on melaleuca forest (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) 10 According to Thai Van Trung (1998) [67], Melaleuca is a dominant species in the ecosystem of aluminundated forest in the Mekong Delta, is a component of the ecosystem of alum, the growth and development of MF have a clowetland relationship clowetland to the rural environment In addition, Melaleuca can’t tolerate high salinity, If salinity is > 20 ‰ will kill the plant The deeper the water is submerged in, the longer the flooding time, the more negative affect the growth of MF (Do Dinh Sam (2001) [51]) The studies on wetlands The results of rewetlandarch on acid sulphate soil in Plain of Reeds mainly go into classification, description of soil formation process and soil mapping (Phan Lieu et al., 1998) [33], Besides, there is also a study to assess the potential of using acid sulphate soil in forestry production and divide the site types to plant MF on the Mekong Delta alum soil (Do Dinh Sam et al, 2001, 2005 [51 ], [52]) However, these studies are large-scale, when specific application in Gao Giong will not show all the soil characteristics in the study area Nguyen Chi Thanh (2007) [57], has developed a system of classification of wetlands in the Mekong Delta, include levels: System, Sub-system, Class, Sub-class Thereby, it is shown that the classification of wetlands according to the system shows the viewpoint of wetlands as a ecosystem In particular, Melaleuca forest in Gao Giong is located in the regular or irregular submerged freshwater layer, belonging to the sub-system of the lagoon The studies on MF management on wetland areas 20 Note: Sd: Standard Deviation Cv: Coefficient of variation; Each age level is years The coefficient of variation of the melaleuca forest density is very small (8%), then increases very rapidly at age level II (27.2%), the age level III (16.6%) and age level IV (28.8%) Compared to the initial planting density of about 20,000 trees/ha, the proportion of remaining average trees at the age levels of I, II, III and IV is 92.0%, respectively; 74.9%; 69.7% and 51.6% The coefficient of variation of diameter occurs very strongly at the age level III (13.7%); Next at the age levels of I, II, IV are 12.5%, 8.4% and 7.7%, respectively; The coefficient of variation of height occurs at the highest at age level II (25.0%); Next at age level II, IV and I are 15.5%, 6.8% and 4.5% respectively; The coefficient of variation of volume occurs most strongly at the age level II (44.7%); Next at the age levels of III, I and IV are 33.1%, 28.6% and 26.7%, respectively In general, the volume of melaleuca forest varies greatly due to different planting, tending and FR 3.2 Characteristics of FR and soil a Characteristics of FR The study area has FR, of which the flooded regime accounts for the largest area (616.7 ha, accounting for 41.3%) and the flooded regime accounts for the smallest area (14.1 ha, accounting for 0.9%) 21 Table 3 Distribution of area according to the FR FR level Symbol Area (ha) Rati o% Explain 10 - 30cm flood, the flooding time is 13 months in the rainy season; the dry season is not flooded 203.2 13.6 10 - 30cm flood, the flooding time is 56 months in evrery season 124 8.3 flood level