Leadership Chapter Fourteen McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved After reading the material in this chapter, you should be able to: LO14.1 Review trait theory research, and discuss the takeaways from both the trait and behavioral styles theories of leadership LO14.2 Explain, according to Fiedler’s contingency model, how leadership style interacts with situational control, and discuss the takeaways from this model LO14.3 Discuss House’s revised path-goal theory and it’s practical takeaways 14-2 After reading the material in this chapter, you should be able to: LO14.4 Describe the difference between transactional and transformational leadership and discuss how transformational leadership transforms followers and work groups LO14.5 Explain the leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership and the concept of shared leadership LO14.6 Review the principles of servant leadership LO14.7 Describe the follower’s role in the leadership process 14-3 What Does Leadership Involve? Leadership “a social influence process in which the leader seeks the voluntary participation of subordinates in an effort to reach organizational goals” 14-4 Trait Theory Leader trait physical or personality characteristic that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers 14-5 What Traits Are Possessed by Effective Leaders? 14-6 What Traits Are Possessed by Effective Leaders? Implicit leadership theory based on the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should for their followers Leadership prototype mental representations of the traits and behaviors possessed by leaders 14-7 What Traits Are Possessed by Bad Leaders? 14-8 Do Women and Men Display the Same Leadership Traits? Men and women were seen as displaying more task and social leadership, respectively Women used a more democratic or participative style than men and men used a more autocratic and directive style than women 14-9 What Are the Takeaways from Trait Theory? First, organizations may want to include personality and trait assessments into their selection and promotion processes Second, management development programs can be used to build a pipeline of leadership talent 14-10 The Full-range Model of Leadership Transactional leadership focuses on the clarifying employees’ roles and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance 14-26 The Full-range Model of Leadership Transformational leaders engender trust, seek to develop leadership in others, exhibit self-sacrifice and serve as moral agents, focusing themselves and followers on objectives that transcend the more immediate needs of the work group 14-27 Transformational Leader Behaviors 14-28 Question? Coach Bryant gave many great halftime speeches Which transformational behavior was this? A.Inspirational motivation B.Idealized influence C.Individualized consideration D.Intellectual stimulation 14-29 A Transformational Model of Leadership 14-30 Managerial Implications The establishment of a positive vision of the future—inspirational motivation— should be considered a first step at applying transformational leadership The best leaders are both transformational and transactional Transformational leadership influences group dynamics and group-level outcomes Transformational leadership works virtually 14-31 Maintaining Ethical Transformational Leadership Create and enforce a clearly stated code of ethics Recruiting, selecting, and promoting people who display ethical behavior Develop performance expectations around the treatment of employees Train employees to value diversity Identify, reward, and publicly praise employees who exemplify high moral conduct 14-32 The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model of Leadership Focuses on the quality of relationships between managers and subordinates as opposed to the behaviors or traits of either leaders or followers Assumes that leaders develop unique one-onone relationships with direct reports 14-33 The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model of Leadership In-group exchange leaders and followers develop a partnership characterized by reciprocal influence, mutual trust, respect and liking, and a sense of common fates Out-group exchange Leaders are characterized as overseers who fail to create a sense of mutual trust, respect, or common fate 14-34 Managerial Implications Leaders are encouraged to establish highperformance expectations for all of their direct reports Managers should be careful that they don’t create a homogeneous work environment 14-35 Shared Leadership Shared leadership entails a simultaneous, ongoing, mutual influence process in which individuals share responsibility for leading regardless of formal roles and titles 14-36 Key Questions and Answers to Consider When Developing Shared Leadership 14-37 Servant Leadership Servant leadership focuses on increasing services to others rather than oneself less likely to engage in self-serving behaviors that hurt others 14-38 Role of Followers in the Leadership Process Critical for followers to understand their boss Followers need to understand their own strengths and weaknesses Followers should build on mutual strengths to accommodate the leader’s expectations 14-39 Video: Women Leading in the Workplace Space Shuttle Commander Eileen Collins hopes to serve as a role model for other women How has life in the USAF changed for women over the past several decades to allow her to be Shuttle Commander? Commander Collins cites cultural issues as a potential cause of women not pursuing math and engineering oriented training and careers as frequently as men Why you think this is? Based on what you saw in the video, you think that family responsibilities prevent women from growing in their careers? 14-40 ... relevant leadership types/behaviors Identify situational conditions Match leadership to the conditions at hand Determine how to make the match 14-25 The Full-range Model of Leadership Transactional leadership. .. leadership LO14.6 Review the principles of servant leadership LO14.7 Describe the follower’s role in the leadership process 14-3 What Does Leadership Involve? Leadership “a social influence process in... mental representations of the traits and behaviors possessed by leaders 14-7 What Traits Are Possessed by Bad Leaders? 14-8 Do Women and Men Display the Same Leadership Traits? Men and women were