Appreciating Individual Differences: Intelligence, Ability, Personality, Core Self-Evaluations, Attitudes, and Emotions Chapter Five McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved After reading the material in this chapter, you should be able to: LO5.1 Identify at least five of Gardner’s eight multiple intelligences, and explain “practical intelligence” LO5.2 Identify and describe the Big Five personality dimensions, specify which one is correlated most strongly with job performance, and describe the proactive personality LO5.3 Explain the four components of Core SelfEvaluations 5-2 After reading the material in this chapter, you should be able to: LO5.4 Distinguish between self-esteem and selfefficacy LO5.5 Explain the difference between an internal and external locus of control LO5.6 Identify the three components of attitudes and discuss cognitive dissonance LO5.7 Explain the concepts of emotional intelligence, emotional contagion and emotional labor 5-3 An OB Model for Studying Individual Differences 5-4 Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities Intelligence capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving 5-5 Two Types of Abilities General mental ability needed for all cognitive tasks Unique to the task at hand 5-6 Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences 5-7 Question? Jimmy can remember the order preferences of each of his clients This the mental ability of A.Word fluency B.Numerical C.Spatial D.Memory 5-8 Personality Dynamics Personality the combination of stable physical and mental characteristics that give the individual his or her identity 5-9 The Big Five Personality Dimensions 5-10 CSEs, Its Component Traits, and Outcomes CSEs have been associated with increased job performance, job and life satisfaction, motivation, organizational citizenship behaviors, and better adjustment to international assignments They also were linked to lower stress and reduced conflict 5-26 The Nature of Attitudes Attitude learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object 5-27 The Nature of Attitudes Affective component the feelings or emotions one has about an object or situation Cognitive component the evaluation or belief one has about an object or situation Behavioral component how one intends to act or behave toward someone or something 5-28 When Attitudes and Reality Collide: Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance psychological discomfort a person experiences what his or her attitudes or beliefs are incompatible with his or her behavior 5-29 Cognitive Dissonance How people reduce dissonance 1.Change your attitude or behavior, or both 2.Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior 3.Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones 5-30 Question? Alexa dreads going to work each day She hates her job and her supervisor, but will not take time to look for a different job She is experiencing _ A.External locus of control B.Cognitive dissonance C.Internal locus of control D.Halo error 5-31 How Stable are Attitudes? Three factors accounted for middle-age attitude stability: (1) greater personal certainty (2) perceived abundance of knowledge (3) a need for strong attitudes 5-32 Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior Figure 5-3 5-33 Positive and Negative Emotions Emotions complex, relatively brief responses to particular information or experiences that change psychological and/or physiological states 5-34 Positive and Negative Emotions Figure 5-4 5-35 Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence ability to manage oneself one’s relationships in mature and constructive ways 5-36 Question? Dave is not very patient with restaurant service and will often complain loudly if things don’t go as expected He is not very high in A.Aggressiveness B.Positive affectivity C.Emotional intelligence D.Behavioral attitude 5-37 Emotional Contagion and Emotional Labor Emotional contagion Someone’s bad mood sours your mood Can literally catch another person’s mood or displayed emotions Emotional labor Masking true feelings and emotions 5-38 Video: Toying with Success: The McFarlane Companies What personality traits entrepreneurs like Todd McFarlane possess that distinguish them from other individuals? Do you think McFarlane has an internal or external locus of control? What cognitive abilities you think contributed most to McFarlane’s success? Why is the development of new products such as sports figures critical to the McFarlane Companies? How important are self-efficacy beliefs and intelligence in the creative process that leads to new products concepts? 5-39 Video Case: Generation Next Changes the Face of the Workplace What characteristics of Generation Y employees are so different from Generation X or Baby Boomer employees? How much responsibility for change should the organization take on and how much should the workers? What programs have you seen in the workplace today that are designed to address these issues? Do most employers recognize this as an important issue? 5-40 ... internal and external locus of control LO5.6 Identify the three components of attitudes and discuss cognitive dissonance LO5.7 Explain the concepts of emotional intelligence, emotional contagion and. .. labor 5-3 An OB Model for Studying Individual Differences 5-4 Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities Intelligence capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving 5-5 Two Types... unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change 5-12 Personality and Job Performance Conscientiousness has the strongest positive correlation with job and training performance