Handbook of critical psychology 2015

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Handbook of Critical Psychology Critical psychology has developed over time from different standpoints, and in different cultural contexts, embracing a variety of perspectives This cutting-edge and comprehensive handbook values and reflects this diversity of approaches to critical psychology today, providing a definitive state-of-the-art account of the field and an opening to the lines of argument that will take it forward in the years toÂ€come The individual chapters by leading and emerging scholars plot the development of a critical perspective on different elements of the host discipline of psychology The book begins by systematically addressing each separate specialist area of psychology, before going on to consider how aspects of critical psychology transcend the divisions that mark the discipline.The final part of the volume explores the variety of cultural and political standpoints that have made critical psychology such a vibrant contested terrain of debate The Handbook of Critical Psychology represents a key resource for researchers and practitioners across all relevant disciplines It will be of particular interest to students and researchers in psychology, psychosocial studies, sociology, social anthropology, and cultural studies, and to discourse analysts of different traditions, including those in critical linguistics and political theory Ian Parker was co-founder and is co-director of the Discourse Unit (www.discourseunit.com), and is Professor of Management at the University of Leicester, and Managing Editor of Annual Review of Critical Psychology He edited the four-volume major work ‘Critical Psychology’ for Routledge in 2011, edits the book series ‘Concepts for Critical Psychology’, and also authored the ‘Psychology after Critique’ series This page intentionally left blank Handbook of Critical Psychology Edited by Ian Parker First publishedÂ€2015 by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3Â€2FA and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NYÂ€10017 Routledge is an imprint of the TaylorÂ€& Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Ian Parker The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sectionsÂ€77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents ActÂ€1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe British Library Cataloguing in PublicationÂ€Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationÂ€Data Handbook of critical psychology / edited by Ian Parker â•… pages cm â•‡ 1.â•‡ Critical psychology.â•… I.â•‡ Parker, Ian, 1956– â•… BF39.9.H36 2015 â•…150.19'8—dc23 â•…2014042679 ISBN: 978-1-84872-218-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-31572-652-6 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage,Â€LLC Contents List of Contributors xi Introduction: principles and positions Ian Parker PART I Varieties of psychology and critique 11 PART Ia The mainstream 13 Quantitative methods: science means and ends Lisa Cosgrove, Emily E.Wheeler, and Elena Kosterina 15 Cognitive psychology: from the bourgeois individual to class struggle Michael Arfken 24 Behaviourisms: radical behaviourism and critical inquiry Maria R.Â€Ruiz 33 Emotion: being moved beyond the mainstream Paul Stenner 43 Biological and evolutionary psychologies: the limits of critical psychology John Cromby 52 Personality: technology, commodity and pathology ChinaÂ€Mills 61 Developmental psychology: the turn to deconstruction Erica Burman 70 Social psychology: a commentary on organizational research Parisa Dashtipour 79 v Contents Abnormal psychology: a psychology of disorders Susana Seidmann and Jorgelina Di Iorio 88 10 Forensic psychology: clinical and critical Sam Warner 96 PART Ib Radical attempts to question the mainstream 105 11 Qualitative methods: critical practices and prospects from a diverse field BrendanÂ€Gough 107 12 Theoretical psychology: a critical-philosophical outline of core issues ThomasÂ€Teo 117 13 Humanistic psychology: a critical counter culture KeithÂ€Tudor 127 14 Political psychology: critical approaches to power Maritza Montero 137 15 Community psychology: subjectivity, power, collectivity David Fryer and RachaelÂ€Fox 145 16 Organizational psychology and social issues: the place of the place Mary Jane Paris Spink and Peter KevinÂ€Spink 155 17 Counselling psychology: critical achievements, possibilities, and limitations Richard House and Colin Feltham 164 18 Health psychology: towards critical psychologies for well-being and social justice Yasuhiro Igarashi 173 19 Black psychology: resistance, reclamation, and redefinition Garth Stevens 182 20 Psychology of women: questions of politics and practice Rose Capdevila and Lisa Lazard 191 21 From ‘lesbian and gay psychology’ to a critical psychology of sexualities Pam Alldred and NickÂ€Fox 200 vi Contents PART Ic Adjacent parts of psy-complex 211 22 Alienists and alienation: critical psychiatry in search of itself Janice Haaken 213 23 Psychotherapists: agents of change or maintenance men? Ole Jacob Madsen 222 24 Education and psychology: change at last? Tom Billington and Tony Williams 231 25 Social work: oppression and resistance SuryiaÂ€Nayak 240 26 Self-help: and pop psychology Jan DeÂ€Vos 250 PART II Varieties of critical psychology 259 27 Activity theory: theory and practice Manolis Dafermos 261 28 Marxist psychology and dialectical method Mohamed Elhammoumi 271 29 Kritische Psychologie: psychology from the standpoint of the subject Johanna Motzkau and Ernst Schraube 280 30 Does psychoanalysis have anything to say to critical psychology? Kareen Ror Malone with Emaline Friedman 290 31 Deconstruction: the foundations of critical psychology Andrew Clark and Alexa Hepburn 297 32 Deleuzian perspectives: schizoanalysis and the politics of desire Hans Skott-Myhre 306 33 Discursive psychology: key tenets, some splits, and two examples Margaret Wetherell 315 vii Contents PART III Standpoints and perspectives on psychology and critical psychology 325 PART IIIa Perspectives 327 34 Feminist psychology: researches, interventions, challenges Amana Mattos 329 35 Queer theory: disarticulating critical psychology Miguel Roselló Paloza and Teresa CabrujaÂ€Ubach 339 36 Liberation psychology: another kind of critical psychology Mark Burton and Luis H Gómez Ordóđez 348 37 Indigenous psychologies and critical-emancipatory psychology Narcisa Paredes-Canilao, Ma Ana Babaran-Diaz, Ma Nancy B Florendo, and Tala Salinas-Ramos with S Lily Mendoza 356 38 Postcolonial theory: towards a worlding of critical psychology Desmond Painter 366 39 From critical disability studies to critical global disability studies ShaunÂ€Grech 376 40 A politically informed immanent spirituality for critical psychology Kathleen S.â•›G Skott-Myhre 386 PART IIIb Places 395 41 Critical psychology in Africa: the impossible task Ingrid Palmary and Brendon Barnes 397 42 Critical psychology and the American continent: from colonization and domination to liberation and emancipation Raquel S.â•›L.Â€Guzzo 406 43 Critical psychology in the Arab world: insights from critical community psychology in the Palestinian colonial context Ibrahim Makkawi 415 44 ‘Critical psychology in Asia’: four fundamental concepts AnupÂ€Dhar viii 425 Contents 45 European critical psychological trends: an open road to psychological recidivism Ángel J Gordo López and Roberto RodríguezÂ€López 46 South Pacific: tensions of space in our place Leigh Coombes and Mandy Morgan 434 444 Index455 ix Index Guattari, Félix 205, 306, 307, 388â†œ–â†œ9; writings with Deleuze 307â†œ–â†œ13 guild interests 17â†œ–â†œ18 Guilty Except for Insanity (documentary) 213, 219 Habermas, Jürgen 146, 157, 360 Hadow, Henry 233 Hadow Report 232 Haiti: liberation psychology in 353; violence in 353 Halberstam, Jack 341 Hall, G Stanley 33 hallucinations, auditory 220 hallucinogenics 218 Halperin, David 343 Handbook of Community Psychology 149 Harding, Sandra 360 harm minimization 100â†œ–â†œ2 Harré, Rom 315 Harvey, David 30, 31, 34 Haslam, S.â•›A 83â†œ–â†œ4 Hawaiians, abnormalization of 359 healing systems, indigenous 448 health: acknowledgement of 133; behaviours related to 176â†œ–â†œ7; factors affecting 174â†œ–â†œ7; gendered 447 Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) 169 health care costs 173 health psychology: beyond cognitivism and positivism 176â†œ–â†œ7; beyond individualism 175â†œ–â†œ6; challenges for 177â†œ–â†œ8; clinical 174; contributions of 174â†œ–â†œ5; critical 174, 176â†œ–â†œ9, 397; defined 173; development of 173â†œ–â†œ4; new methodologies and philosophy 177; and poverty 176; beyond psychology of male, white, middle class and heterosexual 177; and reflexivity 179 health services 161 Hearing Voices movement 220 Hegarty, Peter 343 Hegel, Georg 130, 138, 262, 271â†œ–â†œ2, 275; influence on Vygotsky 273, 274 Heidegger, Martin 138, 301 Henley, Nancy 195 hereditability 70, 233 heredity 34 hermeneutics 30, 31, 119 heroin 215 Herrnstein, Richard J 54 heterocentrism 343 heteronormativity 206, 320, 334, 341, 343, 344, 447 heterosexism, normative 447 heterosexual contract 341 heterosexual matrix 341 heterosexuality, compulsory 341 heurism 132 higher mental functions 271, 272, 274, 277 464 Hippocratic Oath 226 Hirschmann, Nancy 345 historical dialectical materialism 273, 280 historical materialism 303 historical realism 387 history 74, 81; of psychology 178 Hitler, Adolf 64 HIV and AIDS: in Africa 397; epidemic 173; psychoanalytical approach to 344 Hodges, Ian 344 holism 128, 133; methodological 358 Holland, critical psychology in 439 Hollingsworth, Leta Stretter 192 Holocaust 138 Holzkamp, Klaus 138, 145, 267, 280, 281, 282 homogenizing 380â†œ–â†œ1 homonormativity 202 homophobia 200â†œ–â†œ2, 204, 206, 343 homosexual rights 430 homosexuality 54, 200â†œ–â†œ1, 342â†œ–â†œ4; see also gay and lesbian studies; LGBT movement; psychology and sexuality; queer theory; sexuality homosexuality/heterosexuality binary 341, 344 homunculus 281 Horkheimer, Max 123, 138, 145, 146 Horney, Karen 192, 291 Hornstein, Gail A 15 Hull, Clark L 33, 34 human behaviour see behaviour human development 88 Human Development Index (HDI) 407, 408â†œ–â†œ9 Human Development Report (UN) 407 Human Genome Project 59 human kinship 131 human life: cultural organization of 266; societal nature of 282, 344; technological dimension of 284 human nature: theories of 128; understanding 118â†œ–â†œ19; voluntaristic views of 132 human potential 108 human rights 92, 242, 446; denial of 408 human society 146 humanism 108, 158, 164, 165, 167, 201â†œ–â†œ2, 291; Cartesian 344; in education 131; liberal 200â†œ–â†œ3; radical 130; religious 130; secular 130; socialist 130 Humanistic and Integrative Psychotherapy College 130 humanistic psychology 20 107â†œ–â†œ8, 110, 119, 168, 306; acknowledgement of health 133; concern with the ecological 133; contributions of 133â†œ–â†œ4; and education 131â†œ–â†œ2; emphasis on holism and wholeness 133; future of 134â†œ–â†œ5; history of 128â†œ–â†œ9; limits and limitations 134; modalities of 129; origins of 127; and positive psychology 129; present state of 129â†œ–â†œ30; and radical humanism 130; research in, 132â†œ–â†œ3; and Index the therapeutic relationship 130â†œ–â†œ1; usefulness of 133 humanitarian liberation theory 408 Husserl, Edmond 16â†œ–â†œ17, 20, 130 hybridity/hybridization 188, 367, 369, 370, 389 Hyde, J.â•› S 18â†œ–â†œ19 hyper-individuality 251 Iceland, critical psychology in 439 Ichihara Prison for Traffic Offenders 434â†œ–â†œ5, 440 idealism 271; German 130; mentalistic 276; objective 130 identification 72, 83â†œ–â†œ4 identity/ies: collective 420, 422; and control of employees 84; cultural 368; cultural notions of 292; ethnic 420; in feminist psychology 332â†œ–â†œ3; gay 202; gender 340â†œ–â†œ1; indigenous 450; individual 318; multifaceted 188; national 139, 357, 420, 422; sexual 202â†œ–â†œ6; social 90 ideology/ies: critiques 71, 281, 351; practical 109; racist 317; sexuality as 342; theories of 315 IdeologyÂ€& Consciousness 72 illness: biomedical model of 173; factors affecting 174â†œ–â†œ7; phenomenal nature of 90; and poverty 176; see also health psychology; mental illness; pharmaceutical industry Illouz, Eva 252, 253 immigrants and immigration 82, 123, 331 imperialism 121, 214, 369, 370, 371, 411, 448; anti-cultural 359; capitalist 367; cultural 29, 359; in Latin America 406; linguistic 48; Western 29 Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) 164, 168 indenture 373 India: context of personality in 63; critical psychology in 426, 428; indigenous psychology in 358, 359, 362 indigenization 360, 362, 431; see also indigenous psychology/ies indigenous peoples 111, 331; indigenous psychologies of 359; subjugation of 445 indigenous psychology/ies 121, 130, 178, 187, 356, 397, 431; African 398; as alternative perspectives 361; characterizations 356; conclusions 362â†œ–â†œ3; contributions to disciplinary development and transformation of psychology 361â†œ–â†œ2; locations of 356; and the pursuit of liberated-liberating psychology 360â†œ–â†œ1; varieties 357; what was found objectionable in Western psychology 357â†œ–â†œ60 indigenous rights 446 indigenous wisdom 133 individual psychology 81 individualism 58, 63, 71, 82, 174â†œ–â†œ7, 202, 243, 276, 293, 344, 350, 445, 448; in Africa 402; anarchism 130; methodological 358; and sexuality 206 individuality 80; hyper-individuality 251 individualization 222, 224â†œ–â†œ8, 284, 300 individuals: development of 71; dialectical historical 276â†œ–â†œ7; health behaviours of 176â†œ–â†œ7; manipulation of 175 industrialism 276 industrialization 15, 64 inequality/ies 57, 122, 176; in the American continent 407â†œ–â†œ8; in discourse 321; energy 402; and feminist psychology 330; gender 330, 333; health 176; in Latin America 348; social 99; socially structured 97 infancy, models of 71 information processing 298 Ingleby, David 73, 219 injustice: and poverty 98; social 276; social transformations of 449; see also social justice inquiry, interpretive vs objectivist view of 17 instinct theory 182 Institute for Social Research see Frankfurt School of Critical Theory Institute of Postcolonial Studies 368 Institute of Psychoanalysis 293 institutionalization 436, 440 integrative models 167 intellectual development, human 276 intelligence(s) 54â†œ–â†œ5; conceptualizations of 235; fixed 233; multiple 234; study of 191 intelligence tests 15, 232, 361 Interamerican Society for Psychology 150, 410 interconnectivity 392, 393; in Africa 398 interdependence 133, 186 internalization 261, 265 International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) 39, 65, 90, 200 International Federation of Social Workers 240, 244 International Journal of Critical Psychology 438 International Psychoanalytic Association 426 international psychology 187 internationalization 372 interpellation 318 Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis 108 interpretive turn 4, 71 interrelationship 128 interrogation techniques 122; enhanced 179 intersectionalism 340 intersectionality/ies 188, 196 intersubjectivity 283â†œ–â†œ4 interventionism 251 Interventions 368 interviews 138, 177, 319; in social work 242â†œ–â†œ2 IQ 232; heritability of 70; measures of 54â†œ–â†œ5 IQ tests 54, 252; and cultural imperialism 359 Iran: critical psychology in 426, 429; indigenous psychology in 356 Ireland, critical psychology in 439 Irle, Martin 281 465 Index Isaacs, Susan 232 Israel 416 Italy: critical psychology in 439; psychoanalysis in 290 Kritische Psychologie 280, 435â†œ–â†œ7, 439â†œ–â†œ40; see also Psychology from the Standpoint of the Subject (PSS) Kruger, Barbara 335 James, William 33, 37, 45, 46, 107, 132, 232, 234 Japan: critical psychology in 425; health psychology in 173, 179; indigenous psychology in 356, 359; prison for traffic offenders in 434â†œ–â†œ5 Japanese Association of Health Psychology 179 Jardim Ângela 156, 158â†œ–â†œ60 Jastrow, Joseph 192 Jefferson, Gail 320 Jim Crow laws 183 Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis 34 Journal of Black Psychology 183 Journal of Black Studies 183 Journal of Community Psychology 148 Journal of Critical Psychology Counselling and Psychotherapy 149 Journal of Health Psychology 174 Journal of Humanistic Psychology 128 Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour 34 justice system 98 Lacan, Jacques 267, 290, 292â†œ–â†œ4, 307â†œ–â†œ9, 312, 313, 315, 334, 343, 389, 437, 431; on postcolonial theory 368 Laing, R.â•›D 217 language(s): in discursive research 316â†œ–â†œ17; emphasis on 81; indigenous 448, 451; involvement with life 310; performative nature of 46; philosophy of 29, 274, 297; as primary medium of meaning 48; and sexuality 334; significance of 82; and social productions 311; turn to 315, 450â†œ–â†œ1 Lasko, Alvin 128 Lasswell, Harold 138 late capitalism 166, 222, 226, 257, 370; see also capitalism Latin America: capitalism in 408; colonialism in 150, 407, 409â†œ–â†œ10; community psychology in 422; critical psychology in 411â†œ–â†œ12; exploitation in 408; imperialism in 406; indigenous psychology in 356; liberation psychology in 348â†œ–â†œ54, 410â†œ–â†œ11, 417; neoliberalism in 409; oppression in 409; political turmoil in 406; psychology in 409; racism in 382; social exclusion in 410; see also Central America; Mexico; South America Lazarus, Moritz 79 Le Bon, Gustave 80, 137, 138 learned helplessness 179 learning: in and outside of educational institutions 284; latent 33; research on 285; social 33, 167 Lenin,Vladimir 272; influence on Vygotsky 273â†œ–â†œ4 Leontiev, A.â•› N 263â†œ–â†œ7, 280 lesbian and gay psychology 200 lesbianism 201, 203, 342; see also queer theory Levant, Ronald 253 Lewin, Kurt 80, 111, 157 LGBT affirmative therapy 167, 342 LGBT health psychology 201 LGBT movement 108, 331; see also gay and lesbian studies; gay liberation movement liberal humanism 200â†œ–â†œ3 liberal humanist psychology 204, 206 liberal theories 119 liberalism 139, 201â†œ–â†œ2 liberalization 382 liberation 122, 145; of marginalized communities 415; see also emancipation liberation movements in Latin America 410â†œ–â†œ12 liberation/liberated psychology 141, 166, 183, 410, 411; as critique of adoption of models from the North 349; as critique of complicity with power 349â†œ–â†œ50; as critique of individualizing Kahn, Arnold 197 Kant, Immanuel 130, 138, 273 Keating, AnaLouise 390 Kelly, George 128 Key Performance Indicators 148 Kharkov school 263â†œ–â†œ4, 266 Killing Rage (hooks) 184â†œ–â†œ5 King of Hearts (film) 219 Kitzinger, Celia 320 Klein, Melanie 292, 307 Knapp, Robert 128 knowledge: alternative 387â†œ–â†œ8; background 28; colonial 415â†œ–â†œ18; committed 350; construction and production of 121, 138, 330â†œ–â†œ31; cultural 448; demystification of 360; distortion of 407; ecological 356; Foucault’s work on 438; generation of 19; indigenous constructions of 392â†œ–â†œ3; institutionalized 448; intuitive 388; local 398; non-Western 391; and power 19, 315; production of 121, 402, 450; psychological 121, 299; sociology of 46; subjugated 387â†œ–â†œ8; Western 415, 418; Western psychological 398 Knowledge and Human Interests (Habermas) 360 Koffka, Kurt 132 Kohlberg, Lawrence 194 Köhler, Wolfgang 132 Kolakowski, Leszek 277 Korea, indigenous psychology in 356, 359 Krishnamurti, Jiddu 168 Kristeva, Julia 344 466 Index and victim-blaming ideology 350; conclusion 352â†œ–â†œ4; critical assimilation of psychological concepts 351; as a distinctive kind of critical psychology 351â†œ–â†œ2; language difficulties in 353; in Latin America 417; Martín-Baró’s intervention 348â†œ–â†œ9; as a socially engaged critical praxis 352 liberation theology 159, 219 libido 45 life sciences 59 lifeline 57 lifeworld 17 limbic system 45 liminal spaces 366, 382, 389, 439 liminality 367, 369, 370; of disabled refugees 382; of emotion 49 linguistic turn 108 Lioi, Anthony 389, 390 literary theory, deconstruction as 299 lobotomies 213, 215 Logic of Sense,The (Deleuze) 306 logocentrism 72, 340 looping effect 119 López-Sánchez, Gerardo 142 Loughborough School 301 Lovell, Anne 219 Lukács, Georg 130, 138, 143, 360 Lukes, Steven 142 Luria, Alexander 266 Lynch, K 157, 158 Lyth, Isabel Menzies 245 Mad Pride movement 215 Mad Zone:Therapists Behind the Front Lines (documentary) 215 Madness and Civilization (Foucault) 299 Malaysia: liberation psychology in 353; postcolonialism in 445 male superiority 192 Malyon, Alan 342 Man in Marxist Theory and the Psychology of Personality (Sève) 273 management studies 438 managerial doctrine 83â†œ–â†œ4 Ma¯ ori people 428, 449â†œ–â†œ50; indigenous psychology of 362; mass abnormalization of 359 maps 157, 158; in São Paulo 159â†œ–â†œ60 Marcuse, Herbert 146, 293 marginalization 91, 187, 188, 215, 220, 317, 361, 388, 415, 446; of Black communities 184; in discourse 320; economic 183; of indigenous peoples 359; of non-Western literatures 367 marijuana 215 market economy 65, 312 marriage, same-sex 321 Martín-Baró, Ignacio 139, 183, 391, 410, 411; and liberation psychology 389â†œ–â†œ9 Marx, Karl: on alienation 30, 119; on capitalism 145, 312, 386â†œ–â†œ7, 408; on corruption of the human personality 276; critical psychology and 428; and Derrida 303; and desire 309; dialectics of 271, 275, 278; Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts 264; Eleventh Thesis on Feuerbach 268; on the family 308; First Thesis on Feuerbach 262; Grundrisse 425, 428; in indigenous psychologies 360, 362; influence on Vygotsky 268, 273â†œ–â†œ4, 278; on labour 267, 310, 425; on life and history 391; on materialism 262; on objective idealism 130; on political psychology 138, 143; rediscovery of his works 273; on scientific investigation 264; Sixth Thesis on Feuerbach 277 Marxism (Marxist theory): on capitalism 31, 386â†œ–â†œ7, 408; Chinese 273; community psychology and 145â†œ–â†œ7, 151; and critical health psychology 177; and cultural psychology 293; deconstruction and 72â†œ–â†œ3; Deleuze and Guattari on 307â†œ–â†œ10; Derrida on 303; on the family 308; and feminism 292; in Germany 436; on human activity 263; indigenization of 372; interest in 437; in Latin America 351, 412; on place 158; positivist 272; and postcolonialism 368, 369, 370; on power relations 140; and psychoanalysis 219; on psychology 46, 108; and self-help 257; and Soviet psychology 435; updating 438; Vygotsky on 273, 277 Marxist psychology 271â†œ–â†œ2, 277, 397, 437; conclusions 277â†œ–â†œ8; confronting the challenges of dialectical method 276â†œ–â†œ7; and the dialectical method 274â†œ–â†œ5; and human activity 276; and Vygotsky 272â†œ–â†œ3;Vygotsky’s application of dialectical method 275â†œ–â†œ6;Vygotsky’s ideas in context 273 masculinism, Eurocentric 447 masculinity/ies: vs femininity 193â†œ–â†œ4, 195; research on 111; in South Africa 401 Maslow, Abraham 128, 129, 131, 132, 135 materialism 205, 206, 262, 271, 302, 439; dialectical 275; historical 272, 303; historical dialectical 273, 280; mechanistic 276; see also realism mathematics 15 Matson, Floyd 128 May, Rollo 128 May (1968) 93 McDougall, William 80 Mead, George 130 Mead, Margaret 291 measurement 18, 20, 21 mechanism 118 media: depiction of marginalized groups by 111, 112, 121, 203, 383; depiction of psychologists by 224; discourse analysis and 108, 109; global 369; influence of 175; in Latin America 407; and self-help 255; social context and 448 media studies 438 467 Index mediation 33, 261, 266, 271, 273, 274, 276, 307, 309, 310, 353, 435, 440, 448 medical marijuana 215 medicalization 89, 94, 345, 381 medication: preference of counselling over 168; psychotropic 64â†œ–â†œ5; relationship of psychoanalysis to 291 meditation 132 Mednick, Martha 195 Memmi, Albert 373 memory: collective 317, 318; construction of 352; discursive work on 111, 302; and personality 67 Mendelian genetics 182 mental age 232 mental deficiency 233 mental functioning 25 mental health 82; community 422; in the prison population 98; see also mental illness mental health activists 219 Mental Health Foundation (MHF) 98 mental health movements 219â†œ–â†œ20 mental health professionals 223; and capitalism 412 mental health system 91, 101 mental illness 66, 217; in Africa 397; treatment of 89â†œ–â†œ90 mental rules 24, 28 mental suffering 217; theory of 214 mentalism 36 Mestiza 389â†œ–â†œ90 metapsychology 291 metatheory 117 methodolatry 20, 21, 177 methodological behaviourism 35; see also classical behaviourism methodological collectivism 351 methodologism 19â†œ–â†œ20, 120 methodology 19, 21; qualitative 437, 438 Mexico: indigenous psychology in 356; liberation psychology in 354; psychology in 410; violence in 353, 354; see also Central America; Latin America micro-politics 84 micro-realism 437 microsociology 315 Middle East: colonialism in 416â†œ–â†œ18; indigenous psychology in 356; see also critical psychology in Palestine migrancy and migration 367, 445; forced 373 Milgram, Stanley 80 Miller, George 253 Miller, Jean Baker 193 mind-body dualism 34, 38 MindFreedom Oregon 215 minimal group paradigm 81 minorities: in the prison population 215; rights of 430; and violence 123; see also Blacks; indigenous peoples 468 misogyny 108 Mitchell, Juliet 292 Mitwelt 131 mixedness 370 modernism 146, 429, 431; see also postmodernism modernist therapy 166 modernity 166, 387, 445; reflexive 224 modes of ordering 160â†œ–â†œ1 Moncrieff, Joanna 216 money, influence of 122 moral development, theory of 194 moral reasoning, and sex differences 195 moral re-education 434 Moscovici, Serge 81 Moscow Institute of Psychology 273 motivation 53, 82, 83, 282 Motivation and Personality (Maslow) 129 Moustakas, Carl 128 Moustakas, Clark 132 multiculturalism 29â†œ–â†œ30, 165, 357, 367, 436 multicultural therapy 167 multiple personality disorder (MPD) 66, 218 multivocality 160 Murphy, Gardner 128, 132 Murray, Charles A 54 Murray, Henry A 128, 132 mutation 56 myth and mythologies: spirituality as 387; white 369 naïve scientists 62 Nakian therapy 434 naming 66, 426 Nandy, Ashis 373 narcissism 134 narrative research 109â†œ–â†œ10 narrative theory 318, 397 narrative therapy 225 narratives, cultural 317 Narvola, Julia 228 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 164 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 18 nationalism 139, 357â†œ–â†œ8, 367; in Philippines 357 natural selection 56 naturalism, philosophical 130 Nazism 138 Neff, Kristin 253, 254 negation 274, 275; dialectical 275 negotiations 28, 140, 141, 321 neo-behaviourism 174; see also behaviourism(s) neocolonialism 382â†œ–â†œ3; see also colonialism Neo-Con agendas 439 neoliberal egalitarianism 448 neoliberalism 29, 65, 73, 110, 352, 353, 430â†œ–â†œ1, 436, 445, 448â†œ–â†œ9; global 382, 440; in Latin America 409 Index neoliberal postfeminism 447 neo-nazism 285 networks, heterogeneous 160â†œ–â†œ1 neural processes see cognitive processes neuroanatomy 191 neurobiology 307, 439 neuro-imaging see brain imaging technologies neurology, popular 255 neurological turn, and self-help 255â†œ–â†œ7 neurophysiology 25 neuropsychology 113 neuroscience 3, 113, 119, 225, 436; affective 48; and biological psychology 52; cognitive 112; critical 58; and education 235â†œ–â†œ6; and emotion 48â†œ–â†œ9 neuro-self-help 255 Neurosis and Human Growth: the Struggle Toward SelfRealization (Horney) 291 neutrality, fake 4; see also value-neutrality New Left 219 New Zealand (Aotearoa): community psychology in 150; critical psychology in 426, 428; discursive research in 321; indigenous psychology in 359, 362; liberation psychology in 353; see also critical psychology in South Pacific Nicholson, Paula 195 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 416, 419â†œ–â†œ21, 423 Nordic countries, gender equality in 227; see also Finland; Norway; Scandinavia; Sweden normality: vs abnormality 88â†œ–â†œ93; in children 331; gender and sexuality 200, 329; in mental illness 300; and psychology 4; in race relations 449 normalization 93â†œ–â†œ4, 243, 335, 445 North America 407; feminism in 436; justice system in 98â†œ–â†œ9; multiculturalism in 436; psychoanalytic swing to ‘self ’ in 291 Norway: critical psychology in 439; diagnosis in 228 objectivism/objectivist 16, 17, 73, 127, 165, 358 objectivity 16, 120, 301; vs subjectivity 301; valueneutral 18 Occupy Movement 220 Oceana, indigenous psychology in 356; see also critical psychology in South Pacific Oedipus Complex 308, 334, 341, 344 Of Grammatology (Derrida) 297 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (Kesey) 213 Opal 217 Open University 99 Open Veins of Latin America (Galeano) 406 operant learning theory 34 operant psychology 33 operants 37; transformative 35â†œ–â†œ6 oppression 81, 122, 184, 187, 353, 446; and colonialism 382; and feminist psychology 329â†œ–â†œ30; gender 332; in Latin America 409; and liberation psychology 354; psychological 147; psychology of 183; sexual 206; social 276; Zionist 422 Order of Things,The (Foucault) 299 Oregon Mental Health Consumer and Psychiatric Survivor Coalition (OCSC) 219 organizations: change in 92; charitable 241; community 418, 419; culture in 82â†œ–â†œ3; life of 92; grassroots 416, 418â†œ–â†œ22; metropolitan 426â†œ–â†œ7; non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 416, 419, 420; peer-run 219; performance of 82â†œ–â†œ4; professional 32, 122, 129â†œ–â†œ30, 148, 183, 214, 418, 432; public sector 156; social 140, 141, 158, 203, 412; study of 79â†œ–â†œ85, 155â†œ–â†œ6; World Health Organization (WHO) 39, 176 organizational psychology: complexity in 160â†œ–â†œ1; possibilities for dialogue in 158â†œ–â†œ60; and a sense of place 147â†œ–â†œ8; shift in 155â†œ–â†œ7 organizational social psychology 82â†œ–â†œ5 organizational studies 155 ‘otherness’ and ‘other’: acceptance of 94; in African society 399; in community psychology 152; conception of 93; in critical disability studies 383; in critical psychology 3, 344; in the Global South 379, 380; in indigenous psychology 358, 362, 450â†œ–â†œ1; oppressed 349; and power 141; in postcolonial theory 369, 370â†œ–â†œ2, 446, 448; in queer theory 345; racial 202, 382; sexual 206; in social work 246; spiritual 388 Our Lady of Guadalupe 390 paedophilia 397 Palestine: colonialism in 150; liberation psychology in 353, 354; community psychology in 415â†œ–â†œ23 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 419 Palestinian National Authority (PNA) 421 parenting 285; lesbian and gay 203; research on 285; parents: and child development 74â†œ–â†œ5, 331â†œ–â†œ2; education of 332; influence of 139, 236, 242; relationship with children 185, 203; single 179 Parker, Ian 256, 299 Parlee, Mary 195 Parsons, Talcott 276 participant validation 112 Participatory Action Research (PAR) 111, 177 paternalism 243 pathologization: of blacks and other non-whites 184â†œ–â†œ5, 339; of drugs 215; of persons and behaviours 234, 430; psycho- 54, 166, 167, 236, 342; by psychology 6, 88â†œ–â†œ9, 165; of sexuality 345; of women 39, 67, 193 patients: choices of 167; rights of 228 patriarchy 214, 329, 362 patterns, discursive 317â†œ–â†œ20 Paulhan, Frédric 45 469 Index Pavlov, Ivan 33, 62, 262, 263 peace psychology 187, 397 peer reviews 319 peers, influence of 139 Peirce, Karl 37 performativity 124, 244 Perls, Fritz 134 personality and personalities: ‘Big Five’ trait structure 62; across borders 63; history of 62â†œ–â†œ3; nature of 61â†œ–â†œ2; pathological 65â†œ–â†œ7; personalities for sale 64; pharmaceutical 64â†œ–â†œ5; psychopathic 65; re-imagining 67; 16 Principle Factors 62; South African context 63; and the status quo 63; studies of 138; and technologies of the self 63â†œ–â†œ4 personality social psychology 132 person-centred approach (PCA) 129, 164 personhood 63, 65, 156, 232, 332â†œ–â†œ3, 367 personology 132 perspectives, multiplicity of 265 PET technology 48; see also brain imaging technologies phallocentrism 343 pharmaceutical industry 59, 122, 214 pharmaceuticals 64â†œ–â†œ5 pharmacology 89 phenomenological psychology 16, 17 phenomenology 16, 27, 29, 36, 46, 108, 109, 132, 281, 307; hermeneutic 30 Philippines: critical psychology in 426; indigenous psychology in 359; liberated/liberating psychology in 353, 360, 361; nationalism in 357, 358; post-colonial psychology in 432 philosophical psychology 20, 298 philosophy 16, 17, 88, 167, 297; Arab-Islamic 418; critiques of 298; Deleuze on 306; German classical 262, 263; historical materialist 272; of language 297â†œ–â†œ9, 302; and psychology 306; of psychology 178; of science 147, 361; and textuality 297â†œ–â†œ8; Wittgensteinian 315 Phoenix, Ann 196 phrenology 62, 191 phylogenesis 282 physiology of activity (Bernstein) 262â†œ–â†œ3 Piaget, Jean 70, 234, 274 Pilgrim, David 168 Pinel, Philippe 216 place: conceptualization of 444; in critical psychology 157â†œ–â†œ8; personhood and 156; as social construct 158; see also space pluralism: in counselling 165; methodological 19; models of 167; pluralist compromise 19 Poland, critical psychology in 439 political economy 29â†œ–â†œ30 political institutions, influence of 175â†œ–â†œ6 political psychology 397, 436, 438; asymmetry in power 139â†œ–â†œ41; conclusions 143â†œ–â†œ4; critical study of 143â†œ–â†œ4; further development of 138â†œ–â†œ9; 470 methods of study 138â†œ–â†œ9; origins of 137â†œ–â†œ8; politics and power 139â†œ–â†œ40; power in action 142â†œ–â†œ3; symmetry in power 141â†œ–â†œ2 political science 118, 137, 138, 167, 351 political turn 427 politicians, political behaviour of 139 politics: debates and critical analysis 143; elections 139; gay identity 202; micro- 84; political activity 1; political biography 130; politicization of discourse 372; and power 139â†œ–â†œ40; revolutionary 307; and social identity theory 84; turmoil in Latin America 406; and violence 123 Politzer, Georges 275; influence on Vygotsky 273 polyamory 203 Poor Law 241 popular psychology, and self-help 252â†œ–â†œ3 pornography 447 Portugal, critical psychology in 439 positive psychology 110, 179, 234 positivism 4, 17â†œ–â†œ18, 35, 80â†œ–â†œ1, 120â†œ–â†œ1, 147, 165, 174, 176, 177, 196, 204, 335, 344, 361; logical 35â†œ–â†œ8; questioning of 235 positivist psychology 271, 359 postcolonial critical psychology 372 postcolonial feminism 329 postcolonial psychology 187, 437 Postcolonial Studies 368 Postcolonial Studies Association 368 postcolonial theory 74, 366â†œ–â†œ7, 379, 381, 401, 435, 437, 446; contradictions 370â†œ–â†œ1; and critical psychology 371; definitions 367â†œ–â†œ70; locations 367; see also postcolonialism postcolonialism 74, 177, 183, 335, 357, 370â†œ–â†œ2, 382, 415, 432, 445, 446, 449, 450, 451; see also postcolonial theory post-empiricist psychology 344 postfeminism, neoliberal 447 post-Fordism 256 post-humanism 130 postindustrialism 30 postmodern relativism 267 postmodernism 31, 108, 146, 158, 167, 315, 344, 368, 370, 435, 436 postpartum depression 193 post-positivism 113, 447â†œ–â†œ50 postpsychiatry 214 post-state experience 91 post-structuralism 46, 72, 147, 177, 200, 203, 292, 302, 315, 316, 319, 320, 351, 362, 372, 447; and discourse analysis 447; French 297, 438; and identity 333; and research methods 330; and sexuality 334; see also deconstruction post-structuralist feminism 329, 334, 447 post-structuralist feminist psychology 344 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 416 Index poverty 139, 176, 178, 276; disadvantages of 98; in New Zealand 449; see also critical disability studies Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) 382 power: and abnormal psychology 90â†œ–â†œ1; asymmetry in 139â†œ–â†œ41; complicity with 349â†œ–â†œ50; in critical analysis 131; democratization of 343; disciplinary 97; in discourse 320, 321; influence of 122; oppressive systems of 151; and powerlessness 119; in psychotherapeutic relationships 343; and mental illness 216â†œ–â†œ17; oppressive 146; and politics 139â†œ–â†œ40; of sorcery 389; symmetry in 141â†œ–â†œ2; tri-dimensional view of 142 power dynamics 19; and knowledge 19, 315; and social work 241 power relations 38, 57, 187â†œ–â†œ8, 267, 300, 319, 330, 333, 352, 438; asymmetric 139â†œ–â†œ41, 317; colonizer-colonized 416â†œ–â†œ17; in disability studies 384; gendered 447; in indigenous psychology 362; social 444, 445, 447, 449; strategic 140 power structures 89; and gender and sexuality 201â†œ–â†œ2 practice(s): clinical and therapeutic 1, 284; discursive 317, 318, 320; situated 71; social 28, 31, 156, 319; social work 284 practice research 267, 280 pragmatism 37â†œ–â†œ8, 440 pre-critical psychologism 298 prejudice(s) 81, 82, 109, 138, 187 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD/PMS) 21, 193 presentism 265â†œ–â†œ6 presidents, character of 139 Prilleltensky, Isaac 235 prison practice 397 prisoners: Black and minority ethnic (BME) 98; with mental health issues 98â†œ–â†œ100 private events 37, 39â†œ–â†œ40 privatization 141, 382â†œ–â†œ3, 397, 402 problematization 123 process theory 284 productive theory 132 Proust, Marcel 43â†œ–â†œ4, 49 Psychcentral 251 psychiatric hospitals 91â†œ–â†œ3; see also asylums psychiatry and psychiatrists 7, 88, 129, 167, 214, 223; and capitalism 412; radical 217; role of money in 122 psychoanalysis 49, 73, 75, 107, 127, 128, 133, 145, 177, 223, 282; in Africa 397; and critical psychology 290â†œ–â†œ4; culturalist 293; Deleuze on 307; institutional 426; as mental health profession 290; and postcolonial theory 373; and queer theory 343â†œ–â†œ4; relational 290, 292; role of money in 122; in South America 74 Psychoanalysis and Feminism (Mitchell) 292 psychoanalytic social psychology 436 psychoanalytic theory 111, 293â†œ–â†œ4, 438 psycho-biology, research in 140 psychodrama 129 psychodynamic therapy 48, 133, 167, 351 psychological ecology 157 psychological phenomena 302; biological explanations for 89 psychologism, rethinking 300â†œ–â†œ1 psychologists: clinical 223; community 148; guild interests of 17; in Latin America 411; vs psychotherapists 222â†œ–â†œ3; see also psychotherapists; therapists psychologization 94, 112, 118, 440 psychology: as academic discipline 6; and capitalism 412; concepts of 119â†œ–â†œ20; vs counselling psychology 164; critique of 3, 371â†œ–â†œ2; defined 222; developmental 71, 73â†œ–â†œ5, 229, 330, 331; and the dialectical method 274â†œ–â†œ5; as disciplining institutional force 108; diverse 177; education and 231â†œ–â†œ6; ethicalpolitical dimension in 93â†œ–â†œ4; feminization of 191; four antinomies of 92; globalization of 2; guild interests of 17â†œ–â†œ18; history of 412; humanization of 165; as human science 16â†œ–â†œ17; nature of 117â†œ–â†œ18; philosophically grounded 17; and philosophy 306; postcolonial critique of 371â†œ–â†œ2; as professional practice 6, 118; professionalization of 16, 134, 165, 167, 227; and psychotherapy 222â†œ–â†œ3, 291; and the psy-complex 214; as psy-profession 129; public perception of 223â†œ–â†œ4; and queer theory 341â†œ–â†œ2; research in 140; role of money in 122; scientificity of 20; and self-help 250â†œ–â†œ2, 254â†œ–â†œ5; sex differences in 191â†œ–â†œ2; and spirituality 386â†œ–â†œ93; of women 191â†œ–â†œ7; standpoints and perspectives 7; see also critical psychology psychology by type: abnormal 88; action 438; African 183, 186, 187; Africanizing 398â†œ–â†œ401; Afrocentric 59, 183, 359, 361; analytic social 436; biological 52â†œ–â†œ9; Black 182â†œ–â†œ8; bourgeois 277; British 70â†œ–â†œ1; Buddhist 428; Chinese 428; clinical 17, 165, 167, 168, 176, 196, 223, 224, 227, 359; clinical health 174; cognitive 24â†œ–â†œ31, 174, 175, 281; colonial 148, 413, 415, 417; community health 174; counselling, 164â†œ–â†œ70; critical 1â†œ–â†œ5, 168, 175, 306; critical community 397, 449; critical discursive 316; critical-emancipatory 360â†œ–â†œ1; critical health 174â†œ–â†œ9, 397, 448; critical social 397; crosscultural 359; cultural-historical 264, 266, 438; decolonizing 187; discursive 175, 301â†œ–â†œ2, 315â†œ–â†œ21, 344, 397, 438; domestic violence 38â†œ–â†œ9; dominant 308; ecological 26â†œ–â†œ7, 29â†œ–â†œ30, 71; educational 74, 231â†œ–â†œ3; ego 290; empirical 17; environmental 157; Euro-American 185â†œ–â†œ8; organizational 155â†œ–â†œ61; evolutionary 52â†œ–â†œ9, 471 Index 75, 119; experimental 88; folk 79, 250, 252; forensic 96â†œ–â†œ102; German critical 435; Global 359; health 173â†œ–â†œ9, 397; humanistic 20, 107â†œ–â†œ8, 110, 119, 127â†œ–â†œ35, 168, 306, 387; individual 81; international 187; Jungian 387; LGBT and LGBTQ 200â†œ–â†œ7; LGBT affirmative 204, 205â†œ–â†œ6; LGBT health 201; liberal humanist 204, 206; liberated/liberating 432; liberation 141, 166, 183, 348â†œ–â†œ54, 410, 411, 417; of liberation 183; mainstream 6; Marxist 271â†œ–â†œ8, 397, 437; operant 33; of oppression 184; peace 187, 397; personality 61â†œ–â†œ7; personality social 132; phenomenological 16, 17; philosophical 20, 298; political 137â†œ–â†œ44, 397, 436, 438; popular 252â†œ–â†œ3; positive 110, 179, 234; positivist 271, 359; postcolonial 187, 437; post-deconstructive 303; post-empiricist 344; post-structuralist feminist 344, 372; professional 118; psychoanalytic social 436; public health 174; quantitative 70; quantitative-experimental 435; relational and distributed 318; scientific 46, 273; Soviet 262â†œ–â†œ3, 272, 277, 435, 438; stimulus-response 33â†œ–â†œ5; sub-disciplines of, 52â†œ–â†œ3, 118; theoretical 20, 17â†œ–â†œ24, 178; third force 127; traditional 281, 301; transpersonal 306, 38; US 71; Western 135, 357â†œ–â†œ8; ‘womanless’ 193; ‘wordless’ 281; work 155; varieties and critique of 6â†œ–â†œ7; see also academic psychology; classical behaviourism; community psychology and psychologists; critical psychology; developmental psychology; feminist psychology; indigenous psychology; psychology of women; social psychology psychology and sexuality: critical perspective 201â†œ–â†œ3; and the politics of sexuality 205â†œ–â†œ7; the subject, anti-humanism, and resistance 203â†œ–â†œ5 Psychology Board of Australia 148 Psychology from the Standpoint of the Subject (PSS): central concepts of 282â†œ–â†œ4; conclusion 286; contemporary discussions and fields of study 284â†œ–â†œ5; critical engagements with traditional psychology 280â†œ–â†œ2; internal debates and challenges 285 Psychology in Organizations (Haslam) 83â†œ–â†œ4 Psychology in the Arab Countries (Ahmed and Gielen, eds) 417 psychology of liberation 183; see also liberation psychology psychology of oppression 184 psychology of women: background 191â†œ–â†œ3; critiques of, 196â†œ–â†œ7; and feminist psychology 194â†œ–â†œ5; reconceptualizing ‘women’ 195â†œ–â†œ6; and second wave feminism 193â†œ–â†œ4; ‘womanless’ psychology 193 Psychology of Women Quarterly 192 Psychology Today 250, 251 psychopathology and psychopathologization 54, 138, 166, 167, 236, 342; of mental illness 93 472 Psychopathology and Politics (Lasswell) 138 psychopharmacology 167, 216 psychophysics 15 psychophysiological reflex theory (Sechenov) 262â†œ–â†œ3 psychoporn 255 psychosexual stages 62 psychosis, politicization of 217 psychosocial field 110â†œ–â†œ11, 412 psychosocial research/studies 82, 107, 109 psychosynthesis 129 psychotherapists: alternative approaches to psychotherapy 226â†œ–â†œ7; as counsellors 167; and individualization 224â†œ–â†œ6; and the psychologypsychotherapy alliance 222â†œ–â†œ3; public image of 223â†œ–â†œ4; see also therapists psychotherapy 7, 34, 129, 167â†œ–â†œ8; counseling instead of 167; critical 228; defined 222; in everyday life 226; feminist 227; newer 130; professionalism of 227; psychodynamic 133; and psychology 222â†œ–â†œ3; and queer theory 342â†œ–â†œ3; role of money in 122 psychotropic medication 64â†œ–â†œ5 ‘psy-complex’ 6â†œ–â†œ7, 10, 73, 82, 214, 229, 243, 252, 362â†œ–â†œ3; and social work 241 psy construction 147 psy-disciplines 61, 122, 202, 252, 290, 292 psy-entertainment 255 psy-factor 253 psy-neurosciences, critique of 256 public agencies 156 public health psychology 174 public sector organizations 156 Puerto Rico, political psychology in 142 Q-sort factors 203; quantitative 132 Qualitative Inquiry 114 qualitative research 82, 107â†œ–â†œ14; critical 111â†œ–â†œ13; experiential vs constructionist 108â†œ–â†œ9; methodology 437â†œ–â†œ8; quality criteria checklists for 112; reflexive 113 qualitative research movement 177 Qualitative Research 114 qualitative turn 427 quantification 15â†œ–â†œ18 quantitative data analysis 20 quantitative imperative 16â†œ–â†œ17 quantitative methodology 17, 20â†œ–â†œ1, 177 quantitative psychology 70 quantitative/qualitative divide 16â†œ–â†œ20 Queer Nation 339 Queer Nation Manifesto 339 queer practice 74 queer project 342 queer theory 200, 205, 207, 292, 339â†œ–â†œ40, 437; antisocial turn in 341; conclusion 345; and critical psychology 344â†œ–â†œ5; development Index of 340â†œ–â†œ1; and psychoanalysis 343â†œ–â†œ4; and psychology 341â†œ–â†œ2; and psychotherapy 342â†œ–â†œ3 questioning 5, 6, 166 questionnaires 88, 138, 177, 315 race and racism 64, 123, 166, 183â†œ–â†œ5, 187, 219, 276, 285, 361, 366, 372, 446, 448; in Africa 397, 401; and class 336; institutional 176; language of 428; and Voudou 391; white privilege 184; white supremacy 448 racial explanations 233 racialized thinking 182 racist discourse 448 radiation, psychological effects of 178 radical behaviourism 34â†œ–â†œ40, 358; misrepresentations of 34â†œ–â†œ5 radical humanism 130 radical psychiatry 217 Rank, Otto 130 rape hypothesis 57, 58 Rapley, Mark 321 Rational Emotive Therapy 34 realism 302; critical 301, 344, 362; historical 387; micro- 437; naïve 19â†œ–â†œ20; see also materialism reason discourse 282 recidivism 100 reconstruction 74, 118, 264, 267, 281â†œ–â†œ2, 286, 335, 357, 390, 427 reductionism 3â†œ–â†œ4, 56, 57, 58, 118, 174, 177, 422; biological 54 reflections, ontological 117â†œ–â†œ20 reflexes, essentialist 35â†œ–â†œ6 reflexive modernity 224 reflexivity 38, 113, 121, 179, 439 reflex theory 262â†œ–â†œ3 re-framing 231, 292, 351 rehabilitation 73, 91, 96, 100, 377, 381 Reich, Wilhelm 307, 313 relational psychoanalysis 290, 292 relational theory 318 relational turn 130 relationship therapy 130 relationship(s): conflict in 140; deep 392â†œ–â†œ3; force 140; negantropic 141; problem solving in 240; social 139â†œ–â†œ40; social context of 143; symmetry in 141â†œ–â†œ2; therapeutic 130â†œ–â†œ1 relativism, postmodern 267; critical 344 religion 205, 251, 386, 393, 429; Asian 428; see also spirituality religious humanism 130 Renaissance humanism 130 representation: alternative 369; cultural 6, 74, 368â†œ–â†œ9; of disability 383; discussion of 19, 108; Eurocentric 446, 448; of the individual 243; of madness 219; politics of 317, 367; of power 202; of psychology 224; of public opinion 351; of reality 24, 26, 28, 298; triangular 266; of women 191, 192, 195, 447 reproductive fitness 52, 56 research: action 5â†œ–â†œ6, 111â†œ–â†œ12, 151, 177, 214, 351; in Africa 401; alternative routes to 7; on artificial intelligence 27; critical psychological 216; discursive 109, 315, 321; epigenetic 59; ethnographic 449; on expertise 27; feminist 108, 29, 330, 335â†œ–â†œ6; in health psychology 179; in humanistic psychology 132â†œ–â†œ3; indigenizing 360; integrity of 18; in Latin America 410; on neonazism 285; neuroscientific 48â†œ–â†œ9; on parenting 285; participatory 437 participatory action 177, 351; post-structuralist 320; practice 267, 280; psycho-biological 140; in psychology 4, 7, 15, 140; psychosocial 107; qualitative 82, 107â†œ–â†œ14; on racism 285; on sex differences 195; in social action 151; subjectivity in 108; on teaching/ learning 285 research methods: heuristic 132; classical 138 Rewire Your Brain 256 Rey, Gonzalez 411 Ribot, Théodule-Armand 47 Riegel, Klaus 71, 74 Riggs, Damien 343 Rimke, Heidi M 252 risk: assessment of 100; in civilization 224â†œ–â†œ5; language of 156; in social work 246 Risk Society (Beck) 224 Rivière, Enrique Pinchon 93 Rivière, Joan 344 Rogers, Carl R 127, 128, 130â†œ–â†œ2, 164, 253 Rorty, Richard 298 Rose, Nikolas 73, 146, 252 Rose, Steven 57 Rosenhan, David 216 Rosenhan experiment 93 Rosenquist, Norma 128 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 48, 119 Rubenstein, S 264â†œ–â†œ5 Rubin, Gayle 343 Russian psychology 435; see also Soviet psychology S.A.N.E 215 S-O-R-C formulation 34 Sáez, Javier 343 Salcedo, Doris 123 Salzen, E 45 sanitation 176, 407 São Paulo, research in 156, 158â†œ–â†œ60 Sartre, Jean-Paul 130, 168 Sato, Haruo 434 Sawaia, Bader 49 scaffolding 234 scales 138, 318, 420 Scandinavia, indigenous psychology in 356 473 Index Scandinavian Kritische Psychologie 280; see also Psychology from the Standpoint of the Subject (PSS) Schachter, Stanley 46 Scherer, Klauss R 45, 46 schizoanalysis 312â†œ–â†œ13 schizophrenia 54â†œ–â†œ6, 66, 93, 216â†œ–â†œ18, 307, 310â†œ–â†œ11 schizorevolutionaries 312–13 science(s): decontextualized 361; emphasis on 80; human 17; phenomenological 360; and politics 122; positivist 17, 360; positivist empiricist; value-free 122, 147, 196, 201, 206; see also valuefree science Science and Technology Studies 285 scientific management 30â†œ–â†œ1 scientific psychology 273; see also Marxist psychology scientism 387 Scientology 215 second wave feminism 71, 192â†œ–â†œ4, 292 secular humanism 130 secularism 130 Sedgwick, Eve 341 Sedgwick, Peter 217 Seem, Mark 309 segregation 184, 187, 276 self: vs brain 256; concept of 131, 254; ecological 392; entrepreneurial 256; and identity 332; nature of 128; North American psychoanalytic swing to 291; radical communitarian production of 391; technologies of 63â†œ–â†œ4 self-actualization 62, 135, 206, 227, 291; see also actualization self-awareness 128 self-categorization theory 81 self-censorship 139 Self-Compassion: Stop Beating Yourself Up and Leave Insecurity Behind (Neffâ•›) 253, 254 self-defence 39 self-determination 167; in Palestine 415, 419, 420 self-harm 101â†œ–â†œ2 self-help: and popular psychology 252â†œ–â†œ3; and psychology 7, 250â†œ–â†œ2, 254â†œ–â†œ5; neuro- 255; and the neurological turn 255â†œ–â†œ7 selfhood, ‘problems’ of 299 self-injury 292 self-knowledge 37, 73 self-medication 215 Seligman, Martin 234 Selznick, P 155 semiotics 307 Serrano-García, Irma 142 settler colonialism 416â†œ–â†œ17, 422, 445; see also colonialism settler society 321 Sève, Lucien, influence on Vygotsky 273 sexism 197, 329, 330, 335, 446; and Voudou 391 474 sexual abuse see abuse sexual difference 18, 55, 166, 191â†œ–â†œ2, 194, 195â†œ–â†œ7, 292, 334, 447, 448 sexual liberation 205 sexual orientation 202â†œ–â†œ3 sexual selection 52, 56, 57 sexuality affirmative therapy 201, 342 sexuality: cultural narratives of 447; denaturalizing 340; in feminist psychology 333â†œ–â†œ4; gendered 447; history of 202; as ideology 342; pathologization of 345; rethinking 334; studies on 340; theorizing on 200, 292; see also psychology and sexuality Sherif, Carolyn 193, 196 Sherif, Muzafer 80 Sherry, Marc 345 Shibboleth (Salcedo) 123 Shoben, Edward 128 sign meaning 266 Simmel, Georg 276 Singer, J.â•›E 46 singularities 368, 390, 412 sinicization 357, 359 sinthomosexuality 292 Skarin, Fanny 228 Skinner, B.â•›F 33â†œ–â†œ8, 119, 233 slavery 373, 392 Slovenia, critical psychology in 439 Smail, David 168 social action: discourse as 316â†œ–â†œ17; research on 151 social change 5, 81, 110, 240, 242â†œ–â†œ3, 246, 273, 276; in Africa 400; in the American continent 413; and indigenous psychology 356; positive 111 social constructionism 49, 71, 82, 108, 118, 177, 203, 315, 318, 344, 435; see also constructionism social determinism 360; see also determinism social group 131 social identity 82, 90 social identity theory 81, 83, 84, 316 social justice 17, 18, 38, 67, 122, 130, 147, 166, 429; and education on sexual orientation 204; and psychoanalysis 292; and social work 246 social learning models 167 social learning theory 33 social life 138; and the dialectical method 272 social media 439 social movements 352; criminalization of 353; liberatory 353 social organizations 82, 140, 141, 158, 203, 412 social phenomena, biological explanations for 89 social psychology 79â†œ–â†œ85, 138, 192, 196, 301, 315, 351; analytic 436; in the Arab World 417; critical 81, 397, 448; discursive 82; experimental 80; genesis of 79â†œ–â†œ80; organizational 79, 82â†œ–â†œ5; psychological 81; sociological 81 Social Psychology (Allport) 80 Index social relations: and gender 334; and power 142â†œ–â†œ3; of production 276 social science(s) and scientists 138, 236, 361, 367; critical-emancipatory 360; decolonization of 357; deconstruction in 303; Eurocentrism of 371; and feminism 192; in Latin America 411; Marxist-Maoist approach to 357 social services 161 social systems 245 social theory: contemporary 31; critical 436, 437; critiques of 72; of Marx 280â†œ–â†œ1; practice turn in 28 social unconscious 320 social work 7, 240â†œ–â†œ1, 246; critical analysis of 246â†œ–â†œ7; dividing practices 241â†œ–â†œ4; implicated technologies of 244â†œ–â†œ5, 247 social work practice 284 socialism 219 socialist humanism 130 socialization 92; of children and teenagers 332 society: causation in 53; cohesion in 83; complexity of 224; control in 110, 175; development of 71; human 146; influence in 82; interpretations of 3â†œ–â†œ5; issues in 161; order in 241; solidarity in 83; stratification in 449; transformations in 451; variables in 56 Society for Community Research and Action— Community Psychology (SCRA) 146â†œ–â†œ7, 148 socio-cultural activity theory 234 socioeconomic status 176 sociogenesis 282 sociology 74, 118, 157, 167, 351, 421, 438; cultural 253; of knowledge 46, 147; micro- 315; of psychology 178; of science 315 solipsism, methodological 437 S-O-R-C formulation of behaviour 33â†œ–â†œ4 sorceress, becoming 388â†œ–â†œ9 South Africa: colonialism in 150; community psychology in 146, 400; critical psychology in 397; indigenous psychology in 359; liberation psychology in 353; psychology in 372, 401, 402 South America 407; psychoanalysis in 292; psychology in 410 South Pacific, critical psychology in 444â†œ–â†œ51 Soviet psychology 262â†œ–â†œ3, 272, 277, 435, 438; see also Russian psychology space: anthropological 158; conceptualization of 444; see also place Spain, critical psychology in 439 Spargo, Tamsin 340 speciesism 134 speech act theory 315 Spinoza, Baruch (Bernard) 49â†œ–â†œ50, 273, 308â†œ–â†œ9, 311, 387â†œ–â†œ8 spiritualists, feminist 392 spirituality: becoming sorceress 388â†œ–â†œ9; as countercapitalist 388; creative collectivities 391â†œ–â†œ2; deep relationships, 392â†œ–â†œ3; feminine 387; immanent 388, 393; indigenous 387; and psychology 386â†œ–â†œ7; spiritual borderlands 389â†œ–â†œ91; as subjugated knowledge 387â†œ–â†œ8 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty 373 S-R-C model 35 Sri Lanka, critical psychology in 425 Stalin, Josef 272 Stalinism 272 Stamm, Laura 341 standardization 15â†œ–â†œ16 standpoint theorists 18â†œ–â†œ19 Starhawk 393 Steiner, Rudolf 232 Steinthal, Heymann 79 stereotypes 18, 90, 108, 192, 223, 334, 420 stigma 90â†œ–â†œ3, 216, 335, 339 stimulus-response psychology 33â†œ–â†œ5 Stirner, Max 130 strategic essentialism 187, 206 stress 54, 83, 169, 215, 225, 227, 430 Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) 382 structuralism 33, 307 student movements 435 Studies on the history of behavior: Ape, primitive, and child (Vygotsky) 272 subjectification 110, 118, 124, 317, 390, 445, 451 subjection 146 Subjectivities 438 subjectivity/ies 1, 4, 36â†œ–â†œ7, 58, 72, 82, 84, 91, 93, 118, 120, 122, 124, 152, 206, 267, 280, 281, 283, 286, 291, 293, 294, 300, 301, 307, 316, 318, 332, 393, 430, 447, 450; acknowledgement of 168; deflated 437, 438; of emotion 44; in excess 437, 438; and health 174; in Marx’s historical realism 387; vs objectivity 301; and PSS 285; in research 108; and sexuality 334; social 390; and spirituality 392; technology of 63; of women 333 subjugation 445â†œ–â†œ6 Sub-Saharan Africa, Afrocentric psychology in 359 substance abuse, in Black communities 184; see also drugs suicide 101 Sullivan, Harry Stack 291 Sullivan, Nikki 339 Sumner, Francis 182 surveys 138, 315 survival-crime 98 Sweden, critical psychology in 439 symbolism, psychophysiological 47 symbology, spiritual 390 syncretism 440 systemic models 167 475 Index systems theory 307, 392; ecological 175, 234 Szasz, Thomas 214, 216, 217 Taft, Jessie 130 Taiwanization 357, 359 Tavris, Carol 193 taxonomic priority principle 58 teaching, research on 285; see also learning technology/ies: cultural embrace of 15; of social work 244â†œ–â†œ5, 247; of the self 63â†œ–â†œ4; of subjectivity 63 Teish, Luisah 391â†œ–â†œ3 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 155 territorialization 311â†œ–â†œ12, 444, 445, 450 testing: mental 15; projective 132; psychological 231â†œ–â†œ2; psychometric 88; see also assessment(s); intelligence tests thalamus 47 theism 130 theoretical psychology 20, 117â†œ–â†œ24, 178; epistemological reflections 120â†œ–â†œ1; esthetic challenge, 123; ethical-practical work 120â†œ–â†œ3; ontological reflections 117â†œ–â†œ20; substantive deliberations 124 theory of desire (Lacan) 312, 313 theory of emotion 311 theory of functional systems (Anokhin) 262 theory of Higher Nervous Activity (Pavlov) 262, 263 theory of moral development 194 theory of the dominant (Ukhtomsky) 263 therapeutic communities 92â†œ–â†œ3; alternative 219 therapeutic culture 227, 229, 253 therapists 128â†œ–â†œ30, 134; education of 131, 133; see also psychotherapists therapy 164; affirmative 342; gay affirmative 342; humanistic 164; modernist 166; pluralistic approach to 165; post-professional 165 Thinking and Speech (Vygotsky) 275 third force psychology 127; see also humanistic psychology Third World 445 Thomas, Philip 214, 219 Thousand Plateaus, A (Guattari and Deleuze) 307, 309, 388 Tier-Mensch-Uebergangsfeld (TMU) 282 Timor Leste, liberation psychology in 353 Tohunga Suppression Act 448 Tolman, Edward C 33 Tomkins, Silvan 46, 48 tool mediation 261 Torres Strait Islands 446 torture: psychological 179; strategies for 122 Toward a New Psychology of Women (Miller) 193 Toward a Psychology of Being (Maslow) 135 traditional psychology (TP) 281, 301 Train Your Brain 256 476 transactional analysis 129, 130 transcendental empiricism 306 transfeminism 329 transformative operants 35â†œ–â†œ6 transhumanism 130 transinstitutionalization 98 transnationalism 182, 188 transpersonal psychology 306 transpersonal therapy 167 trauma 292; in Africa 397; colonial 366, 373; military 420; unresolved 101â†œ–â†œ2; see also violence Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti o Waitangi 445 triangulation 112â†œ–â†œ13 Trinh, Min-ha 333 truth: pragmatic 38; theory of 37â†œ–â†œ8 Tuffin, Keith 321 Turkey: critical psychology in 425, 439; indigenous psychology in 356; liberation psychology in 353 Turkle, Sherry 214 turn to language 315, 450â†œ–â†œ1 Twitter 439 unconscious, collective 392 unemployment 150, 276 United Kingdom: critical psychology in 437â†œ–â†œ41; discursive psychology in 315; feminist agendas in 75; health psychology in 173; justice system in 97â†œ–â†œ9; person-centred approach in 164; psychology and education in 232â†œ–â†œ3 United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP) 129, 130 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 74 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 407 United States: Black psychology in 182; cognitive psychology in 175; counselling psychology in 165; dominance in field of community psychology 150, 152; feminist agendas in 75; health psychology in 173, 179; human potential pioneers in 108; prison population in 100â†œ–â†œ1; psychoanalysis in 290â†œ–â†œ2; psychology in 178; psychology and education in 232; social psychology in 81 universalism 81â†œ–â†œ2, 147, 249 universality, in Africa 402 universities: in the Arab World 417; Palestinian 418 University José Simeon Cañas 411 urban ghetto 276 user/survivor movement 214 Utica State Lunatic Asylum 217 vaccinations 176 value-free science 122, 147, 196, 201, 206 value-neutrality 16, 18, 120, 122, 358, 359, 360 value system, materialistic-economic 358 variability hypothesis 192 Index Veresov, N 263 Vich, Miles 128 victim blaming 147 Vidarte, Paco 339 violence: in Africa 397, 401â†œ–â†œ2; in Black communities 184; and capitalism 408; cycles of 39; domestic 98, 99, 353, 422, 447; epistemological 120â†œ–â†œ1, 123; female victims of 228; humanitarian 353; interpersonal 447; intimate partner 447; in liberation psychology 352â†œ–â†œ3; in the lives of prisoners 101; military 420, 422; and minorities 123; patterns of 150; sexual 99, 353, 447; structural 449; theorization of 353; see also trauma voice, development of 37 Volkerpsychologie (Wundt) 107 voluntary diasporic communities 188 Voudou 391â†œ–â†œ2 Vygotsky, Lev 71, 234, 261, 263, 265â†œ–â†œ6, 268, 280; application of dialectical method by 275â†œ–â†œ6; dialectical method of 272â†œ–â†œ3; ideas in context 273; importance of 277; role of 277â†œ–â†œ8; understanding 276â†œ–â†œ7; writings of 277â†œ–â†œ8 Walker, Alice 391 Walker, Leonore 39 Wallon, Henri 275; influence on Vygotsky 273, 274 Wang, Bo 429 war 62, 67, 70, 139, 215, 223, 276, 353, 420 war on drugs 216 War on Terror (US) 122, 179 water privatization 402 waterboarding 122 Watson, John B 33â†œ–â†œ7, 39, 233 Watzlawick, Paul 226 Weber, Max 139 Weisstein, Naomi 191, 192 Werp, Gjyri Helen 253 Wertheimer, Max 132 West Bank and Gaza (WBG) 415â†œ–â†œ22 Western colonialism 366, 368, 369; see also colonialism; postcolonialism Western psychology: alienating worldview of (atomistic-mechanistic) 358; calculative value system (materialistic-economistic) of 358; context-stripping epistemology of 358; what indigenous psychology objected to 357â†œ–â†œ60 Western-centrism 372 What is Philosophy (Guattari and Deleuze) 306, 309 Whatsapp 439 White, Robert 128 White Paper on Traffic Safety in Japan 434 whiteness, normalization of 445â†œ–â†œ6; see also race and racism Wilkinson, Sue 194, 195 Wish 99 witchcraft, persecution of 387 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 46, 58, 120, 315 Wittig, Monique 341 womanism 391; see also feminism women: accused as witches 387; drug use by 336; empowerment of 447; and human nature 119; indigenous 447â†œ–â†œ8; innate spirituality of 389; and mental illness 218; pathologizing of 67; in the prison system 97â†œ–â†œ9, 102, 111; reconceptualizing 195â†œ–â†œ6; representation of 191, 192, 195, 447; rights of 446; as sex offenders 397; and Voudou 392; women-centered approaches 75, 108, 194; see also psychology of women Women’s Aid 98, 99 women’s studies 330, 333; see also feminist psychology Woolley, Helen Thompson 192 work psychology 155 workplace: dangerous conditions in 176; psychological testing in 231 World Bank 383 World Health Organization (WHO) 39, 176, 200, 376 Wundt, Wilhelm 33, 231, 232, 359 Yoder, Jan 197 Zeitschrift fuer Sozialpsychologie 281 Zimbardo, Philip 80 Zionist Movement (Zionism) 416, 422 zones of proximal development (ZPD) 234, 271 Zucker, Kenneth 196 477 ... the development of a critical perspective on different elements of the host discipline of psychology The book addresses most separate areas of psychology, aspects of critical psychology that... Professor of Humanistic Psychology, University of Southern Denmark Ma Nancy B Florendo is Associate Professor in Psychology in the Department of Social Anthropology and Psychology, Â€College of. .. Cabruja Ubach is Professor of Social Psychology in the Psychology Department of the University of Girona, Spain Rose Capdevila is Senior Lecturer in Psychology in the Faculty of Social Sciences

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