OReilly HTML and XHTML the definitive guide 5th edition aug 2002 ISBN 059600382x

Table of • Contents • Index • Reviews • Examples Reader • Reviews • Errata HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide, 5th Edition By Bill Kennedy, Chuck Musciano Publisher : O'Reilly Pub Date : August 2002 ISBN : 0-596-00382-X Pages : 670 Slots : 1 HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide, 5th Edition is the most comprehensive, up-to-date book available on HTML and XHTML The authors cover every element of HTML/XHTML in detail, explaining how each element works and how it interacts with other elements With hundreds of examples, the book gives you models for writing your own effective web pages and for mastering advanced features like style sheets and frames HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide, 5th Edition By Bill Kennedy, Chuck Musciano Table of • Contents Publisher : O'Reilly Pub Date : August 2002 • Index ISBN : 0-596-00382-X • Reviews Pages : 670 Slots : 1 • Examples Reader • Reviews • Errata Copyright Dedication Preface Our Audience Text Conventions Versions and Semantics HTML Versus XHTML Comments and Questions Acknowledgments Chapter 1 HTML, XHTML, and the World Wide Web Section 1.1 The Internet Section 1.2 Talking the Internet Talk Section 1.3 HTML and XHTML: What They Are Section 1.4 HTML and XHTML: What They Aren't Section 1.5 Standards and Extensions Section 1.6 Tools for the Web Designer Chapter 2 Quick Start Section 2.1 Writing Tools Section 2.2 A First HTML Document Section 2.3 Embedded Tags Section 2.4 HTML Skeleton Section 2.5 The Flesh on an HTML or XHTML Document Section 2.6 Text Section 2.7 Hyperlinks Section 2.8 Images Are Special Section 2.9 Lists, Searchable Documents, and Forms Section 2.10 Tables Section 2.11 Frames Section 2.12 Style Sheets and JavaScript Section 2.13 Forging Ahead Chapter 3 Anatomy of an HTML Document Section 3.1 Appearances Can Deceive Section 3.2 Structure of an HTML Document Section 3.3 Tags and Attributes Section 3.4 Well-Formed Documents and XHTML Section 3.5 Document Content Section 3.6 HTML/XHTML Document Elements Section 3.7 The Document Header Section 3.8 The Document Body Section 3.9 Editorial Markup Section 3.10 The Tag Chapter 4 Text Basics Section 4.1 Divisions and Paragraphs Section 4.2 Headings Section 4.3 Changing Text Appearance and Meaning Section 4.4 Content-Based Style Tags Section 4.5 Physical Style Tags Section 4.6 Precise Spacing and Layout Section 4.7 Block Quotes Section 4.8 Addresses Section 4.9 Special Character Encoding Section 4.10 HTML's Obsolete Expanded Font Handling Chapter 5 Rules, Images, and Multimedia Section 5.1 Horizontal Rules Section 5.2 Inserting Images in Your Documents Section 5.3 Document Colors and Background Images Section 5.4 Background Audio Section 5.5 Animated Text Section 5.6 Other Multimedia Content Chapter 6 Links and Webs Section 6.1 Hypertext Basics Section 6.2 Referencing Documents: The URL Section 6.3 Creating Hyperlinks Section 6.4 Creating Effective Links Section 6.5 Mouse-Sensitive Images Section 6.6 Creating Searchable Documents Section 6.7 Relationships Section 6.8 Supporting Document Automation Chapter 7 Formatted Lists Section 7.1 Unordered Lists Section 7.2 Ordered Lists Section 7.3 The

Tag Section 7.4 Nesting Lists Section 7.5 Definition Lists Section 7.6 Appropriate List Usage Section 7.7 Directory Lists Section 7.8 Menu Lists Chapter 8 Cascading Style Sheets Section 8.1 The Elements of Styles Section 8.2 Style Syntax Section 8.3 Style Classes Section 8.4 Style Properties Section 8.5 Tagless Styles: The Tag Section 8.6 Applying Styles to Documents Chapter 9 Forms Section 9.1 Form Fundamentals Section 9.2 The Tag Section 9.3 A Simple Form Example Section 9.4 Using Email to Collect Form Data Section 9.5 The Tag Section 9.6 The Tag Section 9.7 Multiline Text Areas Section 9.8 Multiple Choice Elements Section 9.9 General Form-Control Attributes Section 9.10 Labeling and Grouping Form Elements Section 9.11 Creating Effective Forms Section 9.12 Forms Programming Chapter 10 Tables Section 10.1 The Standard Table Model Section 10.2 Basic Table Tags Section 10.3 Advanced Table Tags Section 10.4 Beyond Ordinary Tables Chapter 11 Frames Section 11.1 An Overview of Frames Section 11.2 Frame Tags Section 11.3 Frame Layout Section 11.4 Frame Contents Section 11.5 The Tag Section 11.6 Inline Frames Section 11.7 Named Frame or Window Targets Chapter 12 Executable Content Section 12.1 Applets and Objects Section 12.2 Embedded Content Section 12.3 JavaScript Section 12.4 JavaScript Style Sheets (Antiquated) Chapter 13 Dynamic Documents Section 13.1 An Overview of Dynamic Documents Section 13.2 Client-Pull Documents Section 13.3 Server -Push Documents Chapter 14 Netscape Layout Extensions Section 14.1 Creating Whitespace Section 14.2 Multicolumn Layout Section 14.3 Layers Chapter 15 XML Section 15.1 Languages and Metalanguages Section 15.2 Documents and DTDs Section 15.3 Understanding XML DTDs Section 15.4 Element Grammar Section 15.5 Element Attributes Section 15.6 Conditional Sections Section 15.7 Building an XML DTD Section 15.8 Using XML Chapter 16 XHTML Section 16.1 Why XHTML? Section 16.2 Creating XHTML Documents Section 16.3 HTML Versus XHTML Section 16.4 XHTML 1.1 Section 16.5 Should You Use XHTML? Chapter 17 Tips, Tricks, and Hacks Section 17.1 Top of the Tips Section 17.2 Cleaning Up After Your HTML Editor Section 17.3 Tricks with Tables Section 17.4 Transparent Images Section 17.5 Tricks with Windows and Frames Appendix A HTML Grammar Section A.1 Grammatical Conventions Section A.2 The Grammar Appendix B HTML/XHTML Tag Quick Reference Section B.1 Core Attributes Section B.2 HTML Quick Reference Appendix C Cascading Style Sheet Properties Quick Reference Appendix D The HTML 4.01 DTD Appendix E The XHTML 1.0 DTD Appendix F Character Entities Appendix G Color Names and Values Section G.1 Color Values Section G.2 Color Names Section G.3 The Standard Color Map Colophon Index Copyright © 2002, 2000, 1998, 1997, 1996 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472 O'Reilly & Associates books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safari.oreilly.com) For more information contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O'Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly & Associates, Inc was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps The association between the image of a koala and the topic of HTML and XHTML is a trademark of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein Dedication This book is dedicated to our wives and children, Cindy, Courtney, and Cole, and Jeanne, Eva, and Ethan Without their love and patience, we never would have had the time or strength to write Preface Learning Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is like learning any new language, computer or human Most students first immerse themselves in examples Studying others is a natural way to learn, making learning easy and fun Our advice to anyone wanting to learn HTML and XHTML is to get out there on the Web with a suitable browser and see for yourself what looks good, what's effective, and what works for you Examine others' documents and ponder the possibilities Mimicry is how many of the current webmasters have learned the language Imitation can take you only so far, though Examples can be both good and bad Learning by example helps you talk the talk, but not walk the walk To become truly conversant, you must learn how to use the language appropriately in many different situations You could learn all that by example, if you live long enough Remember, too, that computer-based languages are more explicit than human languages You have to get the language syntax correct or it won't work Then there is the problem of "standards." Committees of academics and industry experts define the proper syntax and usage of a computer language like HTML The problem is that browser manufacturers like Netscape Communications Corporation (an America Online company) and Microsoft Corporation choose which parts of the standard they will use and which parts they will ignore They even make up their own parts, which may eventually become standards Standards change, too HTML is undergoing a conversion into XHTML, making it an application of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) HTML and XHTML are so similar that we often refer to them as a single language, but there are key differences, which we discuss later in this Preface To be safe, the way to become fluent in HTML and XHTML is through a comprehensive, up-to-date language reference that covers the language syntax, semantics, and variations in detail to help you distinguish between good and bad usage There's one more step leading to fluency in a language To become a true master of the language, you need to develop your own style That means knowing not only what is appropriate, but what is effective Layout matters A lot So does the order of presentation within a document, between documents, and between document collections Our goal in writing this book is to help you become fluent in HTML and XHTML, fully versed in their syntax, semantics, and elements of style We take the natural learning approach, using examples (good ones, of course) We cover in detail every element of the currently accepted standard versions of the languages (HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0) as well as all of the current extensions supported by the popular browsers, explaining how each element works and how it interacts with all of the other elements And, with all due respect to Strunk and White, throughout the book we give you suggestions for style and composition to help you decide how best to use HTML and XHTML to accomplish a variety of tasks, from simple online documentation to complex marketing and sales presentations We show you what works and what doesn't, what makes sense to those who view your pages, and what might be confusing In short, this book is a complete guide to creating documents using HTML and XHTML, starting with basic syntax and semantics, and finishing with broad style guidelines to help you create beautiful, informative, accessible documents that you'll be proud to deliver to your readers block quotes breaking lines [See line breaks] color of [See colors]2nd [See colors] flowing around images form fields for headings [See headings] inline references in instead of images 2nd margins for body content monospaced [See monospaced text] multicolumn layout 2nd multiline text-entry areas (forms) paragraphs [See paragraphs] preformatted size of [See text size] special characters 2nd 3rd 4th 5th JavaScript entities URL encodings for structural tags style properties for text-only browsers 2nd text/css encoding text/plain encoding three-dimensional appearance whitespace [See whitespace] wrapping [See wrapping text]2nd [See wrapping text] text-align property 2nd text attribute () text-decoration property 2nd text editors 2nd text-indent property text size tags tags Extended Font Model tags heading tags for tags text-entry fields (forms) text-shadow property text-transform property 2nd text/css encoding text/plain encoding tags texttop value [See also alignment]2nd tags tags 2nd tags three-dimensional appearance, text Tidy utility for HTML-to-XHTML conversions tilde (~) in URLs tiling with images title attribute , , and

2nd

,
, and
1. form controls table tags tags 2nd titles bibliographic choosing document 2nd 3rd forms frames hyperlinked documents 2nd image map area sections table captions toc document relationship top attribute _top target top value 2nd 3rd [See also alignment] topline descriptor topmargin attribute () tags 2nd Transitional DTD 2nd transparent GIFs 2nd troubleshooting background images/colors true-color images tags 2nd tty value (style media) tv value (style media) type attribute [See forms, input controls]
2. 2nd
   2nd 3rd
   type in gopher URLs typecodes in ftp URLs typographic conventions for HTML [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Z] tags
   tags 2nd underscoring 2nd unicode-range descriptor uniform resource locators [See URLs] unique identifiers (IDs) articles in newsgroups messages on news servers units attribute () units-per-em descriptor universal child selectors unnamed form parameters unordered (bulleted) lists unordered lists bulleted bullet shape list marker style properties nesting using appropriately directory lists unsafe characters in URLs URLs (uniform resource locators) 2nd absolute vs relative tags character encodings in file URLs form parameters in 2nd ftp URLs generating randomly gopher URLs http URLs JavaScript pseudoprotocol javascript URLs mailto URLs 2nd 3rd defining mail header fields news and nntp URLs query URLs as style property values telnet URLs usemap attribute 2nd 3rd Usenet news system user and password, telnet URLs user-interface design user-related event handlers [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Z] valid XML documents valign attribute and value attribute
   • valuetype attribute () tags 2nd version attribute () vertical [See also height attribute] alignment [See alignment] margins [See margins] whitespace vertical-align property 2nd video [See also animation; multimedia]2nd client-pull feature for extensions inline virtual text wrapping visibility attribute () "visited" link state \:visited pseudoclass vlink attribute () voice-family property volume property vspace attribute [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Z] W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) tags [See also line breaks]2nd centered content and Web information on navigating with hyperlinks web browsers applet rendering character entities, rendering client-pull documents client-side image maps and executable content form limitations HTML documents, use in editing HTML tags handling missing ignoring image borders image presentation images, rendering incompatible with embedded objects incompatible with executable content incompatible with frames Internet Explorer [See Internet Explorer] JavaScript [See JavaScript language] leniency in data acceptance tags and Mosaic browser Netscape Navigator [See Netscape] obtaining styles [See styles] text-only 2nd web servers tags server-push documents webs, private weight, font well-formed documents XHTML and XML 2nd white-space property 2nd whitespace between columns (gutters) blocks of frames and handling in block tags hanging indents around horizontal rules HTML tags for tags for indentation [See indentation] letter spacing line breaks [See line breaks] line height margins body content images marquee areas tags paragraphs [See paragraphs] readability and tags around table cells tabs in preformatted text word spacing 2nd widows width attribute and width property 2nd widths descriptor windows [See also frames]2nd [See also frames] as hyperlink targets 2nd 3rd 4th 5th image maps and tips and tricks word processors [See text editors] word-spacing property 2nd word wrap [See wrapping text] World Wide Web [See Web] World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) wrap attribute () wrapping text [See also line breaks] around images 2nd and nowrap attribute () table cell contents 2nd 3rd in entry areas writing HTML documents applets dynamic documents editorial markup forms, how to use 2nd 3rd programming hyperlinking effectively image maps and lists, how to use 2nd server-push documents software for 2nd styles, how to use tables page layout with table sections tips and tricks titles, choosing user-interface design WWW [See Web] [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Z] x-height descriptor XHTML 2nd authoring tools case sensitivity in style rule elements deciding to use documents in [See XHTML documents] DTDs deprecated elements, and HTML conversion software HTML vs machine-generated content and tags, quick reference Version 1.0 and HTML 4.01 Version 1.1 elements to avoid modules ruby text well-formed documents and XML, using to define XHTML documents content appearance vs types of creating DTDs, declaring example document ending tags in nesting elements in XML (Extensible Markup Language) 2nd 3rd DTDs as markup metalanguage special processing directives uses for connecting systems document exchange HTML, standardizing with xmlns attribute, defining namespaces with tags [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Z] z-index attribute () z-index property ... This book, therefore, is the definitive guide to HTML and XHTML We give details for all the elements of the HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 standards, plus the variety of interesting and useful extensions to the language ... Using XML Chapter 16 XHTML Section 16.1 Why XHTML? Section 16.2 Creating XHTML Documents Section 16.3 HTML Versus XHTML Section 16.4 XHTML 1.1 Section 16.5 Should You Use XHTML? Chapter 17... most part, XHTML 1.0 is identical to HTML 4.01; we detail their differences in Chapter 16 Throughout the book, we specifically note cases where XHTML handles a feature or element differently than the original language, HTML The HTML and XHTML standards make very clear the distinction