XM lina nutshell third se

This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com < Day Day Up > • • • • • • Table of Contents Index Reviews Reader Reviews Errata Academic XML in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition By Elliotte Rusty Harold, W Scott Means Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: September 2004 ISBN: 0-596-00764-7 Pages: 712 There's a lot to know about XML, and it s constantly evolving But you don't need to commit every syntax, API, or XSLT transformation to memory; you only need to know where to find it And if it's a detail that has to with XML or its companion standards, you'll find it clear, concise, useful, and well-organized in the updated third edition of XML in a Nutshell < Day Day Up > This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com < Day Day Up > • • • • • • Table of Contents Index Reviews Reader Reviews Errata Academic XML in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition By Elliotte Rusty Harold, W Scott Means Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: September 2004 ISBN: 0-596-00764-7 Pages: 712 Copyright Preface What This Book Covers What's New in the Third Edition Organization of the Book Conventions Used in This Book Request for Comments Acknowledgments Part I: XML Concepts Chapter Introducing XML Section 1.1 The Benefits of XML Section 1.2 What XML Is Not Section 1.3 Portable Data Section 1.4 How XML Works Section 1.5 The Evolution of XML Chapter XML Fundamentals Section 2.1 XML Documents and XML Files Section 2.2 Elements, Tags, and Character Data Section 2.3 Attributes Section 2.4 XML Names Section 2.5 References Section 2.6 CDATA Sections Section 2.7 Comments Section 2.8 Processing Instructions Section 2.9 The XML Declaration Section 2.10 Checking Documents for Well-Formedness Chapter Document Type Definitions (DTDs) This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Section 3.1 Validation Section 3.2 Element Declarations Section 3.3 Attribute Declarations Section 3.4 General Entity Declarations Section 3.5 External Parsed General Entities Section 3.6 External Unparsed Entities and Notations Section 3.7 Parameter Entities Section 3.8 Conditional Inclusion Section 3.9 Two DTD Examples Section 3.10 Locating Standard DTDs Chapter Namespaces Section 4.1 The Need for Namespaces Section 4.2 Namespace Syntax Section 4.3 How Parsers Handle Namespaces Section 4.4 Namespaces and DTDs Chapter Internationalization Section 5.1 Character-Set Metadata Section 5.2 The Encoding Declaration Section 5.3 Text Declarations Section 5.4 XML-Defined Character Sets Section 5.5 Unicode Section 5.6 ISO Character Sets Section 5.7 Platform-Dependent Character Sets Section 5.8 Converting Between Character Sets Section 5.9 The Default Character Set for XML Documents Section 5.10 Character References Section 5.11 xml:lang Part II: Narrative-Like Documents Chapter XML as a Document Format Section 6.1 SGML's Legacy Section 6.2 Narrative Document Structures Section 6.3 TEI Section 6.4 DocBook Section 6.5 OpenOffice Section 6.6 WordprocessingML Section 6.7 Document Permanence Section 6.8 Transformation and Presentation Chapter XML on the Web Section 7.1 XHTML Section 7.2 Direct Display of XML in Browsers Section 7.3 Authoring Compound Documents with Modular XHTML Section 7.4 Prospects for Improved Web Search Methods Chapter XSL Transformations (XSLT) Section 8.1 An Example Input Document Section 8.2 xsl:stylesheet and xsl:transform Section 8.3 Stylesheet Processors Section 8.4 Templates and Template Rules Section 8.5 Calculating the Value of an Element with xsl:value-of Section 8.6 Applying Templates with xsl:apply-templates Section 8.7 The Built-in Template Rules Section 8.8 Modes Section 8.9 Attribute Value Templates Section 8.10 XSLT and Namespaces This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Section 8.10 XSLT and Namespaces Section 8.11 Other XSLT Elements Chapter XPath Section 9.1 The Tree Structure of an XML Document Section 9.2 Location Paths Section 9.3 Compound Location Paths Section 9.4 Predicates Section 9.5 Unabbreviated Location Paths Section 9.6 General XPath Expressions Section 9.7 XPath Functions Chapter 10 XLinks Section 10.1 Simple Links Section 10.2 Link Behavior Section 10.3 Link Semantics Section 10.4 Extended Links Section 10.5 Linkbases Section 10.6 DTDs for XLinks Section 10.7 Base URIs Chapter 11 XPointers Section 11.1 XPointers on URLs Section 11.2 XPointers in Links Section 11.3 Shorthand Pointers Section 11.4 Child Sequences Section 11.5 Namespaces Section 11.6 Points Section 11.7 Ranges Chapter 12 XInclude Section 12.1 The include Element Section 12.2 Including Text Files Section 12.3 Content Negotiation Section 12.4 Fallbacks Section 12.5 XPointers Chapter 13 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Section 13.1 The Levels of CSS Section 13.2 CSS Syntax Section 13.3 Associating Stylesheets with XML Documents Section 13.4 Selectors Section 13.5 The Display Property Section 13.6 Pixels, Points, Picas, and Other Units of Length Section 13.7 Font Properties Section 13.8 Text Properties Section 13.9 Colors Chapter 14 XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO) Section 14.1 XSL Formatting Objects Section 14.2 The Structure of an XSL-FO Document Section 14.3 Laying Out the Master Pages Section 14.4 XSL-FO Properties Section 14.5 Choosing Between CSS and XSL-FO Chapter 15 Resource Directory Description Language (RDDL) Section 15.1 What's at the End of a Namespace URL? Section 15.2 RDDL Syntax Section 15.3 Natures Section 15.4 Purposes This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Part III: Record-Like Documents Chapter 16 XML as a Data Format Section 16.1 Why Use XML for Data? Section 16.2 Developing Record-Like XML Formats Section 16.3 Sharing Your XML Format Chapter 17 XML Schemas Section 17.1 Overview Section 17.2 Schema Basics Section 17.3 Working with Namespaces Section 17.4 Complex Types Section 17.5 Empty Elements Section 17.6 Simple Content Section 17.7 Mixed Content Section 17.8 Allowing Any Content Section 17.9 Controlling Type Derivation Chapter 18 Programming Models Section 18.1 Common XML Processing Models Section 18.2 Common XML Processing Issues Section 18.3 Generating XML Documents Chapter 19 Document Object Model (DOM) Section 19.1 DOM Foundations Section 19.2 Structure of the DOM Core Section 19.3 Node and Other Generic Interfaces Section 19.4 Specific Node-Type Interfaces Section 19.5 The DOMImplementation Interface Section 19.6 DOM Level Interfaces Section 19.7 Parsing a Document with DOM Section 19.8 A Simple DOM Application Chapter 20 Simple API for XML (SAX) Section 20.1 The ContentHandler Interface Section 20.2 Features and Properties Section 20.3 Filters Part IV: Reference Chapter 21 XML Reference Section 21.1 How to Use This Reference Section 21.2 Annotated Sample Documents Section 21.3 XML Syntax Section 21.4 Constraints Section 21.5 XML 1.0 Document Grammar Section 21.6 XML 1.1 Document Grammar Chapter 22 Schemas Reference Section 22.1 The Schema Namespaces Section 22.2 Schema Elements Section 22.3 Built-in Types Section 22.4 Instance Document Attributes Chapter 23 XPath Reference Section 23.1 The XPath Data Model Section 23.2 Data Types Section 23.3 Location Paths Section 23.4 Predicates Section 23.5 XPath Functions Chapter 24 XSLT Reference Section 24.1 The XSLT Namespace This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Section 24.1 The XSLT Namespace Section 24.2 XSLT Elements Section 24.3 XSLT Functions Section 24.4 TrAX Chapter 25 DOM Reference Section 25.1 Object Hierarchy Section 25.2 Object Reference Chapter 26 SAX Reference Section 26.1 The org.xml.sax Package Section 26.2 The org.xml.sax.helpers Package Section 26.3 SAX Features and Properties Section 26.4 The org.xml.sax.ext Package Chapter 27 Character Sets Section 27.1 Character Tables Section 27.2 HTML4 Entity Sets Section 27.3 Other Unicode Blocks Colophon Index < Day Day Up > This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com < Day Day Up > Copyright © 2004, 2002, 2001 O'Reilly Media, Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by O'Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472 O'Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safari.oreilly.com) For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O'Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O'Reilly Media, Inc The In a Nutshell series designations, XML in a Nutshell, the image of a peafowl, and related trade dress are trademarks of O'Reilly Media, Inc Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly Media, Inc was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein < Day Day Up > This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com < Day Day Up > Preface In the last few years, XML has been adopted in fields as diverse as law, aeronautics, finance, insurance, robotics, multimedia, hospitality, travel, art, construction, telecommunications, software, agriculture, physics, journalism, theology, retail, and comics XML has become the syntax of choice for newly designed document formats across almost all computer applications It's used on Linux, Windows, Macintosh, and many other computer platforms Mainframes on Wall Street trade stocks with one another by exchanging XML documents Children playing games on their home PCs save their documents in XML Sports fans receive real-time game scores on their cell phones in XML XML is simply the most robust, reliable, and flexible document syntax ever invented XML in a Nutshell is a comprehensive guide to the rapidly growing world of XML It covers all aspects of XML, from the most basic syntax rules, to the details of DTD and schema creation, to the APIs you can use to read and write XML documents in a variety of programming languages < Day Day Up > This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com < Day Day Up > What This Book Covers There are thousands of formally established XML applications from the W3C and other standards bodies, such as OASIS and the Object Management Group There are even more informal, unstandardized applications from individuals and corporations, such as Microsoft's Channel Definition Format and John Guajardo's Mind Reading Markup Language This book cannot cover them all, any more than a book on Java could discuss every program that has ever been or might ever be written in Java This book focuses primarily on XML itself It covers the fundamental rules that all XML documents and authors must adhere to, from a web designer who uses SMIL to add animations to web pages to a C++ programmer who uses SOAP to exchange serialized objects with a remote database This book also covers generic supporting technologies that have been layered on top of XML and are used across a wide range of XML applications These technologies include: XLink An attribute-based syntax for hyperlinks between XML and non-XML documents that provide the simple, onedirectional links familiar from HTML, multidirectional links between many documents, and links between documents to which you don't have write access XSLT An XML application that describes transformations from one document to another in either the same or different XML vocabularies XPointer A syntax for URI fragment identifiers that selects particular parts of the XML document referred to by the URI— often used in conjunction with an XLink XPath A non-XML syntax used by both XPointer and XSLT for identifying particular pieces of XML documents For example, an XPath can locate the third address element in the document or all elements with an email attribute whose value is elharo@metalab.unc.edu XInclude A means of assembling large XML documents by combining other complete documents and document fragments Namespaces A means of distinguishing between elements and attributes from different XML vocabularies that have the same name; for instance, the title of a book and the title of a web page in a web page about books Schemas An XML vocabulary for describing the permissible contents of XML documents from other XML vocabularies SAX The Simple API for XML, an event-based application programming interface implemented by many XML parsers DOM The Document Object Model, a language-neutral, tree-oriented API that treats an XML document as a set of nested objects with various properties This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com XHTML An XMLized version of HTML that can be extended with other XML applications, such as MathML and SVG RDDL The Resource Directory Description Language, an XML application based on XHTML for documents placed at the end of namespace URLs All these technologies, whether defined in XML (XLinks, XSLT, namespaces, schemas, XHTML, XInclude, and RDDL) or in another syntax (XPointers, XPath, SAX, and DOM), are used in many different XML applications This book does not provide in-depth coverage of XML applications that are relevant to only some users of XML, such as: SVG Scalable Vector Graphics, a W3C-endorsed standard XML encoding of line art MathML The Mathematical Markup Language, a W3C-endorsed standard XML application used for embedding equations in web pages and other documents RDF The Resource Description Framework, a W3C-standard XML application used for describing resources, with a particular focus on the sort of metadata one might find in a library card catalog Occasionally we use one or more of these applications in an example, but we not cover all aspects of the relevant vocabulary in depth While interesting and important, these applications (and thousands more like them) are intended primarily for use with special software that knows their formats intimately For instance, most graphic designers not work directly with SVG Instead, they use their customary tools, such as Adobe Illustrator, to create SVG documents They may not even know they're using XML This book focuses on standards that are relevant to almost all developers working with XML We investigate XML technologies that span a wide range of XML applications, not those that are relevant only within a few restricted domains < Day Day Up > ... Section 1.2 What XML Is Not Section 1.3 Portable Data Section 1.4 How XML Works Section 1.5 The Evolution of XML Chapter XML Fundamentals Section 2.1 XML Documents and XML Files Section 2.2 Elements,... Data Section 2.3 Attributes Section 2.4 XML Names Section 2.5 References Section 2.6 CDATA Sections Section 2.7 Comments Section 2.8 Processing Instructions Section 2.9 The XML Declaration Section... 16 XML as a Data Format Section 16.1 Why Use XML for Data? Section 16.2 Developing Record-Like XML Formats Section 16.3 Sharing Your XML Format Chapter 17 XML Schemas Section 17.1 Overview Section