REGARD FOR THE OTHER egard for the Other AUTOTHANA Rouss I DE GRAPHY QUINCEY, AND DELAIRE, WILDE E S FORDHAM BA U, BURT UN IVER S ITY New York 2009 PRES S Copyri ght © 2009 Fordham U ni ve rsity Press AJI rights reserved part of this publica tio n may be reprod uced, sto red in a retrieva l system, Or tra nsmitted in any form or by any means-electro ni c, mechani cal, photocopy, recording, or any other-exce pt for brie f quota tions in printed reviews, without the prior permission ofth e publisher Fordh am U nive rsity Press has no rcsponsibili ty for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for exte rna l or third -party Intern et websites referred to in thi s publica ti on and does not guarantee th at any content o n sllch websites is, or wiJI remain, accurate or appro priate Library of Congress Cata loging-in-Publication Data Burt, E S Regard fo r th e other : autotha natography in Ro usseau, De Qu in cey, Baudelaire, and Wilde / E.S Burt.-Ist ed p cm Includes bibli ographical references and index ISBN 978-0-8'3'-)090-7 (doth , aiL paper)ISB 978-0-82)2-)091-4 (pbk ,alk pape r) I Authors-Biography- H istory and criticism Autobiogra phy Other (philosophy) in literature Self in li te ranlre ldentity (Psychology) in literature D ea th in literature Baudelairc, Charles, IS2 I- IS67-Criti cis1l1 and interpretation S Roussea u, Jean -Jacques, ] 712- 177S- Criticislll and interpretation Dc Quincey, T homas, 1785- 1859-Criticism and interpretation 10 \Vilde , Oscar, 1854-1 900-Critic islll and interp retation T itle PN452 B872009 8°9'·9);92-dc22 2009008 224 Printed in the United States of Ameri ca II 10 09 ; I First ed itio n CONTENTS List ofAbb,-eviMio1ls VIl A ck1lowiedg'lllC1lts IX Introduction_ A Clmch of Brothers: A1terity and Autothanarography I AUTOBIOGRAPHY INTERRUPTED I 2_ 3- Developments in Character: "The Children's Punishment" and "The Broken Comb" Regard for the Other: Embarrassment in the Quntrie,lle p,-omeunde The Shape before the Mirror: Autobiography and the Dandy in Baudelaire 33 61 83 II WR ITING D EATH, WITH RE GARD TO THE OTH ER 4S- 6_ Hospitality in Autobiography: Levinas cbez De Quincey Eating with the Other in Les Pm-ndis nnificiets Secrets Can Be Murder: H ow to Write the Secret in De hojmuli_, 109 Notes Works Cited 221 140 18 255 26 Iudex v A BBREVI AT IO NS AE AP C CL DP EC GD HAH OC OE PDG Autre1JlCut fju'etJ'e ou au-deill de Fessellce Al1:ijicial Parat/i.fes COlnSpOlltiallce Complete Letters De Profil1ldis Tbe Epistemology of tbe Closet Tbe Gift of Deat/; de I'autre bOlll1Jle Oeu.vres completes (Baudelaire or Rousseau) T/;e COllfessious of lIU Euglisb Opium-Eater Tbe Pict/we of D01'iou G"ay HfI'}Jlfl11ismf! In this book I have used the customary italic to indicate emphasis Where the word or passage requ iri ng emphasis 'lppeared within materi al that was already in ita lic for another reason, boUl italic indi ca tes emphasis VII acknowledgments Because this book had two widely separated periods of gestation, with one piece dating from an early monograph on Rousseauian autobiography that never saw light of day, I am overdue with thanks to some of those friends and colleagues who generously read, commented on, encouraged, or otherwise contributed to the writing of some part of this book I have of each contributor a distinct and grateful memory: Tim Bahti, David Carroll, Cynthia Chase, Jonathan Culler, Suzanne Gearhart, Neil Hertz, Peggy Kamuf, Richard Klein, J Hillis Miller, Kevin Newmark, Barbara Spackman, Janie Vanpe´e, and Andrzej Warminski A Morse Fellowship from Yale University supported the writing of the early chapter; a grant from the School of Humanities at the University of California, Irvine supported the writing of the rest Early versions of several essays in the volume have previously appeared in print: ‘‘Developments in Character: ‘The Children’s Punishment’ and ‘The Broken Comb’ ’’ Yale French Studies, No 69 (1985); ‘‘Regard for the Other: Embarrassment in the Quatrie`me promenade,’’ L’Esprit cre´ateur, vol XXXIX, no (winter) 1999; ‘‘The Shape before the Mirror: Autobiography and the Dandy in Baudelaire,’’ which appeared under the title ‘‘A Cadaver in Clothes: Autobiography and the Dandy,’’ Romanic Review, 96, no (winter 2005); ‘‘Hospitality in Autobiography: Levinas chez De Quincey,’’ English Literary History, 71 (winter 2005) I gratefully acknowledge permission to use this material This book has benefited greatly from the support of my family—John and Terry, Emily and Larry, Sarah and Mario, Walter and Claire, Nathan and Lynda, Emily, Craig, David, and Mary Annah—and most of all, that of my patient son, Nathanael, whose gentle irony helped remind me of priorities whenever my obsession with a few long-dead writers threatened to get in the way of an important soccer game or tennis match Too many on the mental list of those to whom I owe gratitude are no longer here to be thanked: To them, to all the dear dead, I dedicate this book ix 254 Notes 35 In one odd but logical formulation, Bosie’s father fixation makes the two Queensberrys brothers: ‘‘the curious thing to me is that you should have tried to imitate your father in his chief characteristics I cannot understand why he was to you an exemplar where he should have been a warning, except that whenever there is hatred between two people there is bond or brotherhood of some kind’’ (DP 94) 36 Wilde often addressed his friend Ada Leverson as ‘‘Sphinx’’ and entitled a story ‘‘The Sphinx without a Secret; An Etching.’’ works cited Abraham, Nicolas, with Maria Torok L’E´corce et le noyau Paris: AubierFlammarion, 1978 The Shell and the Kernel Translated by Nicholas Rand Chicago: 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by James Olney Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980 Hayter, Althea Opium and the Romantic Imagination London: Faber, 1968 Hertz, Neil The End of the Line: Essays on Psychoanalysis and the Sublime New York: Columbia University Press, 1985 Johnson, Barbara De´figurations du langage poe´tique Paris: Flammarion, 1979 Works Cited 259 Kant, Immanuel Perpetual Peace and other Essays on Politics, History, and Morals Translated by Ted Humphrey Cambridge: Hackett, 1983 Kaplan, Alice French Lessons: A Memoir Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993 Laplanche, Jean and J B Pontalis The Language of Psychoanalysis Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1973 Lejeune, Philippe Le Pacte autobiographique Paris: E´ditions du Seuil, 1975 ——— ‘‘Le Peigne casse´.’’ Poe´tique, 25 (1976): 1–29 ——— Signes de vie: le pacte autobiographique Paris: E´ditions du Seuil, 2005 Lemaire, Michel Le Dandysme de Baudelaire a` Mallarme´ Paris: 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Sedgwick, Eve Kosovsky The Epistemology of the Closet Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990 Smith, Sidonie and Julia Watson, eds De/Colonizing the Subject: The Politics of Gender in Women’s Autobiography Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1992 Spivak, Gayatri ‘‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’’ In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture Edited by Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1988 Starobinski, Jean La Relation critique Paris: E´ditions Gallimard, 1970 ——— La Transparence et l’obstacle Paris: E´ditions Gallimard, 1971 ——— ‘‘Rousseau, Baudelaire, Huysmans (les pains d’e´pice, le gaˆteau et l’immonde tartine).’’ Baudelaire, Mallarme´, Vale´ry, New Essays in Honour Works Cited 261 of Lloyd Austin Edited by Malcolm Bowie et al., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982: 185–200 ——— ‘‘Sur Rousseau et Baudelaire: Le de´dommagement et l’irre´parable.’’ In Le Lieu et la formule: Hommage a` Marc Eigeldinger Edited by Yves Bonnefoy Neuchaˆtel: A` la Baconnie`re, 1978: 47–59 Swain, Virginia Grotesque Figures: Baudelaire, Rousseau and the Aesthetics of Modernity Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004 Szondi, Peter Poe´sies et poe´tiques de la modernite´ Paris: Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1981 Voltaire, Franc¸ois Marie Arouet Correspondance vol IV Edited by The´odore Besterman Paris: E´ditions Gallimard, 1978 Warminski, Andrzej Readings in Interpretation: Hoălderlin, Hegel, Heidegger Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987 Wilde, Oscar The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde Edited by J B Foreman London: Collins, 1966 ——— The Complete Letters Edited by Merlin Holland and Rupert HartDavis London: Fourth Estate, 2000 ——— De Profundis Edited and with an introduction by Richard Ellmann New York: Modern Library, 2000 Willoughby, Guy Art and Christhood: The Aesthetics of Oscar Wilde Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1993 Wilner, Joshua Feeding on Infinity: Readings in the Romantic Rhetoric of Internalization Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000 Youngquist, Paul ‘‘De Quincey’s Crazy Body.’’ Publications of the Modern Language Association 114, No (May 1999): 346–58 index Abraham, Nicolas, 160–62, 166, 246, 247 Abrams, M H., 240 address, 69–70, 72–73, 110–11, 195, 197– 201, 215 Albert, John, 251 allegory, 24–26, 33, 163–64, 178–79, 206, 213–14 and allegorizing, 169–71, 174–75 and alterity, 95–98, 158–59, 183–84, 200–1 and internalization, 156, 166–73, 181, 243, 247 Ancelle, Narcisse, 83 anticipation, 25, 27, 38, 98, 100–4, 178– 82, 193–95, 234, 235 aporia, 55, 90, 141–42, 180–81, 192, 195 apotropaism, 64, 102, 175, 236 Astro, Alan, 156, 246 Augustine, 1, 7–8, 11, 87, 110, 151, 187, 219, 222, 245 Austin, J L., 71–72, 232 autobiography, 15–16, 28–29, 83–87, 91– 92, 112–13, 221, 222, 226, 233, 234, 237, 253 and allegory, 24–26, 183–84 critical history of, 1–5 difference from autothanatography, 6–7, 10–12, 67 and internalization, 141–42, 147–48, 156–57, 170–72 Levinasian, 109–11, 119, 138–39 narrative in, 11–12, 36–46, 150–51, and secrecy, 185–87, 190–93 autothanatography, 6–8, 10–12, 26–28, 33–34, 60, 106, 159, 222 Balzac, Honore´ de, 95, 143, 236 Barbey d’Aurevilly, Jules, 92, 95, 98, 235, 236, 237 Barrell, John, 116, 239, 241, 246 Barthes, Roland, 234, 249 Bataille, Georges, 85, 87, 89–92, 95, 97, 106, 234 Baudelaire, Charles, 23, 90–91, 201, 223, 229, 240, 246 ‘‘Conseils aux jeunes litte´rateurs,’’ 86 Correspondance, 83, 233, 237, 249 De l’essence du rire, 105, 152 ‘‘De quelques pre´juge´s contemporains,’’ 146 La Fanfarlo, 179–80 Les Fleurs du mal, 10, 35, 62, 83–85, 89, 96, 99, 114, 133, 144, 154, 168, 207, 217, 240, 247 Journaux intimes, 8, 84–88, 179–80, 222, 233, 234, 248 ‘‘Notes nouvelles sur Edgar Poe,’’ 146 Paradis artificiels, 11, 84, 140, 142–56, 163, 167, 169–83, 242, 245, 248, 249 Le Peintre de la vie moderne, 83–84, 92– 95, 97–99, 116, 235, 236, 237, 239, 243, 244 Petits poe`mes en prose, 12, 99–106, 141, 173, 230, 236 Salon de 1846, 86, 233, 235, Benjamin, Walter, 159, 167–70, 229, 245, 246, 247 Bennington, Geoffrey, 222, 223 Benveniste, E´mile, 63, 117–18, 124–25, 171, 194, 239, 240, 248 Bernard, Suzanne, 20–21, 23, 224 Berridge, Virginia, 242 Blanchot, Maurice, 227, 228, 238 Blonde, Didier, 85, 234 Bloom, Harold, 251 brother, 12–28, 116–18, 121–22, 187, 217–18, 223, 224, 225, 250, 254 Brown, Wendy, 232 Brummell, George, 92, 98, 99, 236, 237 263 264 Bruss, Elizabeth, 237 Butor, Michel, 243 Cairns, Douglas, 66, 230, 231 Calonne, Alphonse de, 170, 249 Carassus, E´milien, 234 Cassirer, Ernst, 45 Castillo, Debra, 222 Chase, Cynthia, 223, 243, 245 Christ, 115, 202–7, 209–10, 214–16, 218, 251, 252, 253 Christian, 7, 128, 189, 195, 252 Clej, Alina, 40 Clogg, Richard, 235 Coblence, Franc¸oise, 236 Cohen, Thomas, 226 Cohen, William, 249 confession, 43–46, 61, 112, 142, 145–46, 154, 171–72, 191–93, 218, 228, 230 exorbitant, 7–8, 53–54, 59–60, 80–81, 148–50, 185–88, 194–96, 219 constative, 63, 69, 121 Craft, Christopher, 249 cry, 17, 145–46, 149–55, 177–78, 181, 203 crypt, 159, 166, 181–83, 206–7, 212–13, 216–17, 252 dandy, 85, 87–100, 102–6, 234, 235, 236, 237 Dayre, E´ric, 238 death, 185–86, 222, 225, 227, 235, 236, 237, 248, 252, 253 anticipation of, 178–82, 195, 218–19, 235 of the artist, 100–6 death sentence, 105–6, 204–5, 208, 210–16 of subject, 6–7, 88–89, 96–99, 161, 166 and writing, 6–10, 18, 20–29 decision, 39, 141–42, 162–63, 192–93, 196–97, 212–13, 228 exorbitant, 20–22, 25, 151, 204–5, 217–18 defense, 3, 64–67, 102, 161, 166, 175–76, 223, 227 De Luca, V A., 240 de Man, Paul, 6, 34, 230 Aesthetic Ideology, 26, 159, 222, 226, 242 Allegories of Reading, 61–66, 74–75, 82, 226, 228, 230, 237–38, 242, 246 Blindness and Insight, 11, 223 Index The Resistance to Theory, 226 The Rhetoric of Romanticism, 4–5, 221, 222, 223, 226 Romanticism and Contemporary Criticism, 250 De Quincey, Thomas, 12, 23, 140, 142, 185, 240, 246, 248 Autobiographical Sketches, 117 Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, 10–12, 109–39, 155–79, 181–82, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 246, 247, 248 The English Mailcoach, 238, 248 ‘‘The Poetry of Pope,’’ 111, 238 ‘‘Sir William Hamilton,’’ 239, 240 Suspiria de profundis, 10, 140, 248 Derrida, Jacques, 6, 34, 90, 115 Adieu: a` Emmanuel Levinas, 119, 238, 239 L’Animal que donc je suis, 242 La Carte postale, 1, 190 Donner la mort, 185, 189–90, 195, 205, 218, 224, 245, 250 L’E´criture et la diffe´rence, 239, 242 ‘‘ ‘Il faut bien manger’ ou le calcul du sujet,’’ 141, 150, 162, 183, 243, 245 Jacques Derrida, 222 Marges, 4, 221, 225 Le Monolinguisme de l’autre, 222 Psyche´, 238 ‘‘The Typewriter Ribbon: Limited Ink (2),’’ 230 Descartes, Rene´, 48, 170, 228, 229 determination, 12–13, 161–62, 167 of the radically heterogeneous, 133–38, 228, 235, 239, 247 and specularity, 1–6, 118–19, 121–24 of the very secret, 191–92, 195, 211–12 dialectic, 12, 34–35, 41, 144, 226, 235 dialogue, 3–6, 72, 188–89, 194–96, 200, 202–3, 232, 252 feigned, 124, 132, 134–35, 139 digest See summary digestion, 151, 157, 159, 161, 177, 179, 183, 248 discourse, 3–4, 41–45, 61, 110–11, 123– 24, 137, 170–72 silence and, 188–89, 192–96, 203 subject and, 5–6, 82, 194–95, 211–12 dispossession, 90–92, 95–97, 99, 106 Dollimore, Jonathan, 249 double bind, 81–82 Index Doubleday, Thomas, 126, 240, 241 Douglas, Alfred (Bosie), 11, 185, 192– 203, 206–17, 219, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254 drugs, 123–24, 130, 132–34, 144–45, 152–53, 183, 239, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248 addiction, 115–16, 137–39, 240 and incorporation, 147–51 as supplement, 142–43, 146–47, 156– 57, 162–63, 167 Duval, Jeanne, 85 eating, 123–24, 140–63, 165–70, 177, 180, 244, 245, 246, 247 Edwards, Griffith, 242 Ellmann, Richard, 194, 250, 251 embarrassment, 231 in speaking, 61–66, 69, 72–74, 230 in writing, 66–67, 76–82 excess, 17, 33, 35, 37, 39, 43–44, 59, 150, 209, 219, 242 exorbitant, 34, 95–96, 183, 225, 240 fiction, 26, 28–29 responsibility, 60, 205, 207, 216–18 filiation, 1, 11–12, 14–20, 22–26, 94, 114, 173, 196–200, 218, 225, 250 Flaubert, Gustave, 10, 172 Fondane, Benjamin, 234 Foucault, Michel, 187, 222, 234, 235, 250 Freud, Sigmund, 43, 56, 147–48, 244 Frey, Hans-Jost, 231 Gautier, The´ophile, 244 Genette, Ge´rard, 3, 44, 85, 221, 227 ghost, 165–67, 174–76 Girardin, E´mile de, 77–78 Gouhier, Henri, 228 God(s), 7–8, 92, 99, 143–44, 162–63, 180–81, 190–91, 206–7, 216–18, 227, 252 Guiette, Robert, 249 Gusdorf, Georges, 2–3, 110, 221, 227, 237 Guys, Constantin, 84, 236 Hayter, Althea, 240 hermeneutics, 34, 41–45, 187, 227 Hertz, Neil, 225, 236 hieroglyphics, 159, 163–64, 182–83, 238, 243 265 Hirt, Andre´, 85, 234 homosexual, 223, 236, 250 secret, 186–88, 190, 196, 217 hospitality, 74–79, 110–11, 115–18, 141, 158, 185 absolute, 123–27, 129–30, 132, 134–39, 240, 246 and woman, 119–22 Howells, Bernard, 85–86, 234 Hume, David, 11 identity, 3–6, 36, 44, 85, 103–6, 137–38, 186–90, 212, 241 in process, 8–9, 89–92, 148, 205–7, 217–19 impossibility, 6–7, 9–10, 81–82, 88–92, 101–3, 122–23, 180, 215–16 incorporation, 147–48, 160–63, 165, 175–78, 236, 245, 246, 247 indeterminacy, 1, 4, 6, 24–27, 79–80, 133–34, 136–37, 206, 219, 250 injustice, 16, 40, 42, 58–59, 229 intentionality, 42–45, 57, 198, 209, 227, 253 morality of good intention, 37, 40, 144, 146, 152, 154, 184 interiority, 8, 39–40, 56–57, 71, 190, 206 internalization, 141–42, 144–45, 147, 151–52, 155–59, 165, 168, 176–77, 183–84, 245, 246 interpretation, 33–39, 41, 46, 49–50, 57, 60, 165, 227, 228, 248, 252 introjection, 160–63, 165–67, 177, 183, 246, 247 irony, 104, 230, 242 and alterity, 86–88, 95–96, 98, 183–84, 243 self-irony, 100–1, 150, 152, 154–56, 175 James, Henry, 188–89, 250 Johnson, Barbara, 247 judgment, 40–42, 48–49, 52–55, 69, 91, 204–5, 210–14, 228, 229 justice, 18–19, 21, 23, 40–42, 45, 53–56, 60–61, 66–69, 72, 212, 217 Kant, Immanuel, 115–16, 124–25, 132, 144, 167, 240 Kaplan, Alice, 222 Kierkegaard, Søren, 196 Knight, G Wilson, 251, 253 266 lack, 35, 43–44, 55, 62–63, 162, 181 211 Laplanche, Jean, 148, 159, 244 Leiris, Michel, 87, 234 Lejeune, Philippe, 3–4, 6–7, 28, 42–45, 51, 55, 84, 221, 226, 227, 228, 229, 233 Lemaire, Michel, 234 literalization, 104, 210, 212–13, 217 and incorporation, 161–62 Levinas, Emmanuel, 2, 6, 9, 76, 115–16, 118–19, 121, 123, 139, 143, 190, 194, 239, 242 Alte´rite´ et transcendance, 17, 224, 238 Autrement qu’eˆtre, 75, 110–11, 119, 133, 137–38, 232, 238, 242 Humanisme de l’autre homme, 109–10, 237, 238 Totalite´ et infini, 69, 231, 239 Lionnet, Franc¸oise, 5, 221 Lyu, Claire, 243 McFarland, Thomas, 240 Mallarme´, Ste´phane, 65, 85, 106, 229 Marder, Elissa, 245 Martin-Fugier, Anne, 237 materiality, 26, 35, 104–6, 153–54, 158– 59, 226, 237 maternal figures, 113–14, 159, 196–97, 224, 244, 246 in Rousseau, 18–20, 25, 75–80, 148, 224, 244–45 Mayne, Jonathan, 97, 235, 236 meals, 74–75, 77–78, 141–44, 147, 193 memory, 35–36, 41–44, 50–56, 131–34, 228, 229, 230, 245 interiorizing, 151–54 and writing, 57–60, 153–55 Miller, D A., 186, 249 Miller, J Hillis, 162, 226, 238, 247 Moreau, J de Tours, 244 mourning, 17–19, 25–26, 160–61, 202 Musset, Alfred de, 170 names, proper, 4, 14, 44, 87, 118, 121, 146, 154, 232, 238 and namelessness, 21–24, 26–27, 113, 125, 189 and play with, 77–81, 225 narrative, 3–4, 33–34, 48–61, 81, 94, 111– 13, 142–58, 170–71, 177–78, 181– 83, 227, 229, 243, 250 Index and autobiography, 11–12, 36–45, 84– 85, 221, 233 and disruption, 8–9, 25, 155–56, 250 genetic or causal, 36–41, 46–47, 114, 239 teleological, 40–47, 114–15 negative, 35, 46, 116, 225, 228, 235, 239 Nunokawa, Jeff, 249, 250, 252 other, 1–10, 12–29, 39–42, 87–89, 98–99, 112–25, 131–39, 163–64, 185–95, 203, 218–19, 222, 233, 242 and allegory, 155–56, 158–59, 183–84 lost other, 147–51, 160–61, 244 and responsibility, 68–82, 109–11, 114–15, 140–45, 154–55, 180–82, 189–91, 231 Pachet, Pierre, 223 Pascal, Roy, 221 paternal figures, 165–67, 250 in De Quincey, 112, 114, 159, 165–67 in Rousseau, 12, 14–27, 64, 74–79, 224, 225, 231 in Wilde, 197–99, 217–18, 252 patronym, 22, 77–80 Patocˇka, Jan, 189, 195 performative, 194, 228 and autobiography, 3, 110–11, 139, 237, 238 conventional and unconventional, 44– 45, 121–23 and embarrassment, 61–67, 73 exorbitant or inaugural, 124, 134–35, 186–88, 203 Pichois, Claude, 84, 222, 232, 233, 244, 247 Poe, Edgar Allan, 154, 170, 245 poetic language, 133, 176–77, 229, 236, 249, 253 and autobiography, 83–86, 233 and representation, 85–92, 95–97, 105–6, 131, 205–7 and responsibility, 139, 202, 234 Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand, 148, 159, 244 Queensberry, John Sholto Douglas, 197, 198, 252, 254 Queensberry, Sibyl , 196–97, 199, 200, 218, 251 reading, 3–5, 33–36, 38–39, 81, 104–5, 154–55, 163, 168, 174–75, 200, 226, 228, 236 Index self-reading, 51–60 referentiality, 84–85, 91–92, 161, 188, 198–99, 206, and embarrassment, 62–63, 66, 69 and the proper name, 77–78, 80, 84–85 self-reference, 42, 82, 199 remainder, 1–2, 24–26, 141, 153–55, 182 representation, 1–3, 14–19, 41–42, 47– 49, 87–89, 99–103, 109–10, 134, 169–71, 241 failure of representation, 95–96, 105–6, 129–31 in poetic language, 85–86, 90–91, 104–5, 206, 237 repression, 35, 42–44, 53–56, 59, 131, 227, 250 resignification, 93–99, 104, 187, 200 responsibility, 2–3, 40–41, 87, 89, 114– 15, 183, 227, 228 exorbitant, 6–8, 12, 18–19, 25–29, 59– 60, 134–35, 138–39, 207, 225, 234 in speech, 67–81, 150–51, 193–205, 214–19 Ricardo, David, 118 Ricoeur, Paul, 36, 118, 226, 227 Rimbaud, Arthur, 6, 235 romanticism, 111, 170–71, 202–3, 205–6, 234, 240 Rousseau, Franc¸ois, 12–27, 223, 224, 225 Rousseau, Isaac, 14–20, 23–27, 224, 225 Rousseau, Jean-Baptiste, 154 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 11, 29, 61, 110– 11, 142, 157, 170–71 Confessions, 12–20, 22–28, 34, 36–60, 62–63, 65, 70, 84, 140, 146–55, 188, 223, 224, 228, 229, 230, 232, 238, 242, 245 Dialogues, 67–68, 70–72, 154 Discours sur l’ine´galite´, 19, 223, 231, 244 E´bauches des Confessions, 2, 33, 221, 227 E´mile, 19, 42, 76 Lettre a` d’Alembert, 19, 225 ‘‘Me´moire pour re´pe´ter l’he´ritage de mon fre`re,’’ 20–22, 224, 225 Reˆveries du promeneur solitaire, 12, 28, 62–66, 68–71, 73–82, 140, 150, 225, 243, 245, 250 rupture, 55, 63, 95–96, 100–3, 153, 161, 250 in narrative, 8–9, 59, 155, 178, 183 Russett, Margaret, 240 Rzepka, Charles, 240 267 Sabatier, Apollonie, 85 said/saying, 65–66, 75, 78–82, 96, 110, 124, 134–35, 137, 139, 212, 214–16, 242, 252 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 12, 85, 87–89, 91, 95, 234, 235, 236 secret, 7, 9–10, 18, 23, 90, 137–38, 166, 183, 185–88, 193–97 dissymmetrical or very, 189–92, 198– 201, 205, 207, 209–19, 250 Sedgwick, Eve, 186–89, 200, 217, 249, 250 shame, 61–62, 82, 230 signifier, 39, 56–57, 59–60, 62–63, 74–76, 78–81, 95, 106, 120, 186–88, 190, 231, 236 resignification of, 93–99, 200 silence, 75–76, 79–80, 103–4, 232 as discourse, 188–89, 192–95 muteness, 23, 53, 71–73, 185–86, 189– 90, 194–95, 201–3, 205–6, 252 simulation, 68, 129–30, 132–35, 196 Smith, Sidonie, 222 Spivak, Gayatri, 222 Starobinski, Jean, 12, 42, 45, 64, 67, 223, 228, 231, 243, 245 stomach, 131, 148, 156–58, 164–65, 168, 177–82 subject, 2–5, 8–10, 16–19, 59–60, 88, 91, 105–6, 135–9, 194–6, 223, 226, 234, 239, 246 and allegory, 158–59, 163–64, 171–73, 181–84 in crisis, 110–12, 134, 139, 238 death of, 6–7, 26–29, 33, 104, 188–91, 235, 236 and embarrassment, 68–69, 72, 78–79, 82 and fantasy, 160–63, 165–67 and hospitality, 114–16, 118–23 and internalization, 140–45, 147–52, 155–69, 180 and irony, 150, 152, 154–56, 183–84 representation of, 41–42, 47–51, 109–10 and repression, 43–44, 53, 55–56 and resignification, 95–96, 98–99, 104 and secrecy, 186–95, 203, 210–11, 219 summary, 156, 170–74, 248 supplement, 15, 34, 60, 142–43, 146–47, 156–57, 162–63, 167, 225, 228, 246 268 Swain, Virginia, 223, 243 Szondi, Peter, 65, 231 translation, 57–58, 121–23, 152–53, 155– 56, 169–78, 181–83, 198, 203–5, 217, 223, 245, 247 Torok, Maria, 160–62, 246, 247 Vaucassin (Dame), 74–15, 77–80 Voltaire, Franc¸ois Marie Arouet, 147, 244 Wainewright, Thomas, 186 Warminski, Andrzej, 34–35, 60, 222, 226, 228, 236, 245 Watson, Julia, 222 welcome, 25, 76, 119–24, 134–39, 150 Wilde, Oscar, 12, 23 The Ballad of Reading Gaol, 186 Complete Letters, 201–2, 249 Index The Decay of Lying, 250 De Profundis, 10, 185–88, 190–219, 251, 252, 253 The Importance of Being Earnest, 209 ‘‘Lord Arthur Saville’s Crime,’’ 185 The Picture of Dorian Gray, 100, 105, 185, 187, 191, 250 Salome´, 11 ‘‘The Soul of Man under Socialism,’’ 251 ‘‘The Sphinx without a Secret,’’ 254 Willoughby, Guy, 251 Wilner, Joshua, 143, 236, 240, 243 Wulf, Miche`le Staăuble-Lipman, 248 Youngquist, Paul, 246 Ziegler, Jean, 84, 232, 233 ... Introduction the other, we then return to seize the other remaining, that other is immediately determined and becomes the one to a new other left undetermined The other is always the other for a particular... that did not consider the subject’s regard for the other, both its concern for the determinate others it brings into its representational field, and with regard to an undetermined other it holds as... mercy, and the blows cease because all unknowing Jean-Jacques has reminded the father, in his mourning for the lost brother through whom they both father and son inherit from the mother, of the