A commentary on virgil eclogues

VIRGIL Eclogues A COMMENTARY ON VIRGIL Eclogues BY WENDELL CLAUSEN CLARENDONPRESS · OXFORD Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford New York Torouto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid aud associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc , New York â Wendell Clausez 1994 Powered by LATINSCAN British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A commentary on Virgil, Eclogues / By Wendell Clausen Includes bibliographical references and index I Virgil Bucolica Pastoral poetry, Latin-History aud criticism J Pastroral poetry, Latin- Translatious into English 4· Country life in literature 5· Country life-Rome-Poetry Pastoral poetry, Latin I Virgil Bucolica II Title 93-Rr68 R72'.or-dc2o PA68o4.B7C54 199-1ISBN o-19-8I4916-6 10 Typeset by Latimer Trend & Company Ltd, Plymouth Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd Midsomer Nortou, Avon In Memoriam R A B MYNORS CONTENTS B I B L I O GRAPHY I NTROD UCTION XI XV LATERCVLVS NOTARVM S I G LA COD I CVM TEXT COMM ENTARY I N D EXES 29 313 PREFA CE THIS commentary was begun, some twenty years ago , at the ,;uggestion of Roger Mynors, who had given up the idea of writing a commentary on the Eclogues himself At the time we planned to publish our commentaries -his on the Georgics and mine on the 1-:clogues - together; later, when it seemed that he would be ready before I could, the plan was modified; and, finally, with his death in I 989, dissolved (His commentary on the Georgics was published posthumously, Oxford, 990 ) For more than a decade I enjoyed he benefit of his advice and encouragement , and the memory of I hose years , of our meetings and conversations, is vivid to me now I am deeply indebted also to another friend, Guy Lee, who has read, in the various stages of its evolution, and never without imp roving it, almost all of my commentary Nor am I unmindful of other debts of gratitude: to Hilary O ' Shea for her unfailing interest; to Lenore Parker for her efficiency and marvellous patience ; to Julia Budenz for the phrase 'wind-shifted shade ' (E s s-6 n , from Book Three of her poem The Gardens of Flora Raum) ; to Lucy Casson for her care and attention; and especially to Leofranc Holford-Strevens for his exact, perspicacious criticism The text of the Eclogues is that of Roger Mynors (Oxford , 972) Guy Lee's translation of the Eclogues ( Liverpool Classical Texts, I , 98o; Penguin Books, I 984) is used by his permission and that of Penguin Books Ltd ; A S F Cow' s translation of Theocritus (Cambridge , 2) by permission of the Cambridge University Press Translations of Theocritus not attributed to Gow are my own The map on p 234 is reproduced from J J Wilkes , Dalmatia (Cambridge , Mass , 969), r , by permission of the Harvard University Press My introduction to the Fourth Eclogue, as it has now become , was originally conceived as a lecture, 'Virgil ' s Messianic Eclogue ' , and published in J L Kugel (ed ) , Poetry and Prophecy ( I thaca, NY, 990) , 65-74; it is used by permission of the Cornell University Press w.v.c Cambridge, Massachusetts October I 992 14 GENERAL I NDEX Cato S , 94, 96, I I 64, I S2 , 206 , 225 , 2S6 Catullus xviii-xix, , 3S, 39, 40, I , 45 , I , , 54, , 66, 6S, , , 7S, 79, So, S2, S , 96, 9S, 99, I 02 , , I I , I I , I I 6, 3 , 34, I 6, S , 40, 44 I 4S I S S I 62 , I 64, I 69, I I , I So, I S4, SS , 96, I 97 I 9S 99 203 , 209, 22 , 222, 226, zzS, 245 246 247 24S 25 , , 254, 257, 27 , 276, 2S2, , 297 Censorinus 244, 24S cheese 45-6 childhood passion 250 cicadas, song of 67 Cicero I , 34, 42, 43 , 44, 45 , 47, 54 57, S , , 74, 75, 1 , 02 , I , 06, 09 , I I I , I I , 22 , , S , , 42 , S , I 6o, I 67 , 6S , I , 72, I S I , 95 , 206, 209, 6, S , 244, 245 , 263 , 264, 269, , zS2, 293 297 306, 30S Ciris 24 civil war s S Claudian I , 242 collective singular 36, 45, 5 Collins, William , colloquialism , 96, 97, , I 07 , I I 6, z s , , 275 , 276, 306 Columella 42 , 46, So, , 1 4, 66, 97 I , 24S 249 303 comparison, pastoral I I, ; negative I complexion of beloved 6S-9; of an I talian 79 Copa So Cos xvi-xvii counting the flock or herd 99 country versus city 46, 62, 63 Crantor Culex 24 I Cumaean Sibyl 1 , I I cups, beechwood 00; pair of Curtius Rufus , I Daphnis I S I -3 dedication of antlers S3 , 224; of Book of Eclogues 236; of pan-pipe 2 deer, longevity o f 224 diminutives 77, 262, 270 Dioscorides 246 Diotimus 2S6 Dirae 254, zS2 divination , 272 Dodona , 27 Domitian , literary studies of 237 drawing down the moon 25S Drummond of Hawthornden drunkenness I S3 Dryden 47 , 74, So, , I I , z6o dyeing of wool 25 , I 39 I 40 eccentric emphasis 207 echo-effect S Eclogue 4, not originally an eclogue S6, , 26; Christian interpretation of I 26-9 ; and Horace , Epode 16 45-50 ecphrasis 99 Emerson 293 Ennius , 73, 06 , I S , 43 , S , , 83 , , 97 , 202, 6, 23 , 252, 302 epanalepsis S6, I 90 Epicurus 74 epiphany 47 , I epyllion I , 204 equation of song with passage of time 62 Erucius esse, forms of omitted 42 etymological adj ectives 223 Euphorion 27 , 294, 306, I O Euripides , 72, S , I , 62 , 20 , 202, 24 , 30S [Euripides] 202 evil eye I exile 6-7 , 5 Exodus 44 garlands 79, S , , S4, 203, 222, Dante Daphne, Apollo's cou rtship o f 20S 300 Gellius 107, 92 , 206 GENERAL I NDEX Gibbon 94, 242 Glaucus z r Golden Age 1 9-25 , -40, 47-8 grafting s Grattius s great things compared t o small Great Year impersonal verbs 40 impersonation r o , 54, 222, 226, Hecate, colours of hendiadys 6 , 263 Hermesianax 9, 254 Hermocles of Cyzicus Herodotus r , r o Hesiod 44, , r o z , 1 , , , John, Gospel o f 94 Johnson, Samuel xix, 88, 227, 245 5 inchoative verbs used transitively 24 infinitive, adnominal I 5 ; with memzm 42 Isaiah r z8, r 8z, z r o, 236, 258 Jonson, Ben 236 Juvenal r 8z , 224, 263 zoo, zoz, 204, 7, zz6 Hesiodic Catalogue , 96 hidden verses r 04 Homer xxvii , xxviii , , 44, , 5 , s , , 70, 3 5 r s 6, r 6s , r 67 , 93 , zo r , zoz , zo8, 4, zz6, zz8, 243 , 244, 25 Homeric Hymn to Apollo r 79; to Pan homoeoteleuton , 64, 247 homosexuality 6z, 64, , 94, 07 honey , r r 2, 276 Horace xix, xxiii, 36, , 38, 40, 42, 43 47 48, s r , 54 s , 6o, 66, 67, 69, 75, 77, 79, r , , 85, 97, 98, , 04, r o6 , r oB, 09 , r 13, r , I I , u , 1 , r zo , 30 , 2, 3 , 34 36 , , , 44 45 45-50, 5 r s8 , r r , r 68 , , 79 , r 8o , r r , r 8z , 83 , 84, 94, zo6, 207 , 4, , 8, 9, 220, 22 , 222, 2 , 224, zz6, 227, 23 , , 24 , 243 , 247 , 249 , 254, , z6 r , 263 , z66, 269, 27 , 278, z r , z8z, 284, 295, 300, ' 308 Hosidius Geta r r o human 'god' , presence o f 47 hunting 74, 308-9 Hyacinth us r 7- , 207 hypallage (transferred epithet) z8z hyperbaton 269 idyll XV Lactantius r 27 lambs, milk-fed 43 ; weaned z r land-confiscations 29-3 Landor r z6 laurel, noise of when burning z6 r Leonidas of Tarentum xxix , r 64, Libya, pastoral renown of r z literary primacy r 78 literary works identified by opening words 72 Livius Andronicus r zo , r 84, 296 Livy 40, 65, 74, 78, 99, 8, 44, r 6o, 64, 97 z r s , 243 z8o Longus , 67, , 76, 77, 95, r r � 96, , 4, 220, 273 303 Love, pedigree of 25 r , 252 lover's complaint , 245 lovers' vows 09 lovesick animals r r 4, z6z lovesickness, abandoning usual tasks 84; loss of hair r 96; wandering aimlessly 96, 99, 308 love-tokens 77 Lucan 5 , 73, r , , 202 Lucilius 30, 96 , 205 , 243 , 5 , Lucretian language used i n un-Lucretian sense r 89-90 Lucretius 34, , , 40, 44, so, , 5 s , 6o, , 74 , r , , 09 , I 4, I I 7, , 3 43 r so, r r , r 6s , r 67 , r 68 , , 78, r r , 83 , 84, r 87 , r 88 , r 89 , 90, , 92 , 93 , 98 , 20 , 203 , zos , 4, GENERAL INDEX Lucretius (cont.): 223 , 224, 228, 229, 230, 23 , , , , 26 , 264, 265 , 269, 270, 272, 273, 285 , JOO, 307, J l I Lycophron I J , I 40 , 294, J I O Lygdamus , I 8o lynxes 24 I Maccabees 48 Macrobius I 63 , I 90 , , 282 magic ceremony 5 64 Manilius I 39 , I O market-days 42 marriage ceremony 248 Martial 59, 6o, , I , I J , 22 I , 226, 229, 282 Marvell , 73, 274, Medea 252 Meleager , 54, , 95, I ; his Garland xxi metonymy I J , I 83 , 29.5 metre and prosody , 43 , 44, , , 68, 72, 7J , I , , I 30, I J , I I (=ov8w1sovre�) I 4J , I 66 , I 88 , I 94, I 96 , 229, 249, 270, 297, I O; abnormal lengthening 46; diaeresis , 'bucolic' 92, 26 , 79 , 97, 0; elision , , r oo , , I 1 , 6o , 0, 9, 2 , 8-9 , , 28o; hiatus , 94, Io, 229, 243, 265 metrical convenience I 88, 220, 228 milking 70, 94, , I Milton xv , , , , 82, , , r , r 8 , 89 , 202, 206 , I mirror of the sea 72 Moretum 46, 270, 286 moretum 67 Moschus 64, 295 [Moschus] 30, 60, 66 , I 88 , 94, 276, 293 , JOO Muses I 79 , 202, I 9, 296 mythological paradigm 298 Nabokov , Vladimir 86 Naevi us , , 202 Nemesianus 8o New Gallus 74, 1 , 279, 288, 296 Nicander 86 , 203 , 207 Nonnus 72, 43 , , 70, I 97 , 20 , 2 , 254 272, 295 306 Numitorius 93 o, passionate 74; with imperative obtrectatores Vergilii , 93 , 63 Oracula Sibyl/ina 27 Ovid , , , 84, 93 , 94, 97, I l 4, 1 , 1 , , I J , I J7 , 60, , 64, 94, I , 96 , 6, 223, 226, 242, 244 246, , , 26 I , 278, 28o, , 297 302, 306, [Ovid] 97 , 47 , , 70, 74, , 99, 06 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 22 , I 30, , , 44, I , , 80 , I J , I 84, 88 , 20 , 202 , , 208, 227, 228, 229, 24 , , 25 , , 254 264, , 270, 276, 285, 288, 29 , 296, 307 Pacuvius painting a drunkard ' s face Palladius , 230 pan-pipe , 40, , 76, 98, 22 parenthesis 45 , 1 S Parthenius xviii , r , , 204, , o Parthini 234-5 pastoral hierarchy 29; landscape xxvi-xxx; musician , , 66; names 3-4, 8; poetry xv-xx; refrain 246; singing-matches 86 , 04-s , 0- ; succession 76-7 patronymics 98; in -ine 226 pear-tree, longevity of 283 Petrarch Petronius I s , 247, 305 Phaedrus I 04 Ph anodes , 64 Philitas xvi, 279 Philodemus , 305 pigeons 54 Pindar , I 68 Plato 83, 269 [Plato] 284 Plautus 37, 40, 43 , 44, 46, 54, 56, , s , 82, , , , 96, 97, , 9 , 05 , 09 , I I O , I , I , I , , I JO , 44 I S S , 67 , 68 , , GENERAL INDEX 84, 85 , , , , 222, 254, 264, 269, 27 , 274 275 , 306 Pliny the Elder 54, 56, , , 79, 84, 96, 03 , I 2, 34, 64 , 80 , 222, 224, 23 , 239 257 258, 27 , 276, 283, 285, Pliny the Younger x x , , 284 ploughing 38 poet said to what he describes 94, 98 , 273 poetic compliment 29 ; veracity 236 poetic plural , , 37 , 59 , 63 , 264 Polybius 28cr-9o polyptoton 47 Pomponius Pope , 28 postposition of at ; atque I I ; et 46; namque praise, danger of 22 pregnancy 44 preposition, anastrophe of 254 prepositional phrase attached to noun priamel 83 Priapea primitive spells or charms 26 I Propertius 30, 34, , , 54, , , , , 98, 08 , I I I , 22, , I , I 40, 62 , 79 , I 80, 82 , 88 , , 98 , 20 , 202, zos , 22 , 2 , 228, 23 , , 241 , 25 I , 26 , 280, 282, , 285, 288, 29 , 292, 296, 30 , 302, 307, 309 proverbial expressions 1 , 227, 269, 272, 296, 305; in the form of a paroemiac 5 pruning , , 96, I Ptolemy Philadelphus xvi-xviii Publilius Syrus 265 purple spring 28 Quarles, Francis Quintilian x x , 94, , 72 , , , 306 recusatio red, ceremonial use of 86 317 religious language , 78, 242 repetition of names in chiastic order 4; of same word 83 ; symmetrical I 43 respect for seniority I 5 Rhetorica a d Herennium 1 Rhianus 79 , 222 rhyme 78, 34, 303 riddles I 6- rivers 5 , , 1 , 242, 0; stayed in their course 24 Roman comedy , 92 ruler-cult 48, 22-3 rumination 96 ·7 Sallust , 40, , I , I 72 Sannazaro 240 seafaring 7-9 seashore 73 seeing a wolf 285 Seneca I So, 24I [Seneca] 241 shade and shadows xxv, 33, , 6o, 66, I 14, 292 Shakespeare 36, , , 22 , 25 , 232 shepherds' tree Silenus, song o f 76-7 , 207 Silius 59 , 2 , 285 Simaetha, incantation of 237-8 simple verb following compound 98; instead of compound 36 slaves , 44, 62, 70, 93 , 96, 97, I a snake-charming Sophocles 72, 1 , sound accommodated to sense 275 speeches in hexameter poetry I Spenser , , , 307 Statius , , , 223, 242, 295 stepmother 99 Stevens, Wallace 289 Strabo , 70, strawberries 1 stripping trees for fodder 286 Suetonius , 94, 1 , 04, 235, 23 7, 283 suggestive sidelong glances 95 super-Callimachuses I 94 swine 299 GENERA L INDEX Symmachus 40, r 86 sympathy of animals r , r 6o; of nature xxvi, 47, r r , r 87 , , 92 synecdoche 96, r , 272 (geographical) swans, song of 276 6, 23 ; oak ; pine 23 ; poplar 23 , ; strawberry 1 ; willow , 07 , 303 tricolon 29, 59, 37 , tweaking someone's ear r 8o Twelve Tables , 263 Tacitus 62, r , 237, , 254 Tasso r o8 , Terence 47, 64, 68, , , 99, 04, uersus tetracolos 70 Ulpian r 6s , 30, 32 , 82 , 8, 270, 273, 275 tamarisks symbolic of pastoral poetry 30 testimonia mutorum I 58 Thackeray r Theocritus and Virgil xv-xviii Theophrastus xvii, xxvii, xxviii, xxix, 134 Thomson, James , 57 thyrsus r 62 Tibullus , , , 46, , 74, 76, , I OO, I O I , 09 , I I O , , , 39 , 43 I , r 86 , 93 22 , 26 r , 263, 270, 288, 29 tigers in Rome r r Titinius 222 tmesis r r , 244-5 transition from general maxim to its application r o transitive verbs used intransitively I 90 trees, alder 99 , ; ash ; beech , , 27 ; cypress 43; e l m 47, 54; hazel ; juniper 230, I I ; laurel , 208, 23 ; myrtle r , universe, three parts of 42 unpoetic words 42, s , 77, 78, 8o, , , , 42 , 97 , , 302 Valerius Flaccus 42 Valerius Maximus 85 Valgius 220, 225 Varius 262 Varro 37, 44, , so, , 54, 55, 57, , , 77 96, 98, 103, 1 0, r r , 64, r 66 , 67 , , 8, 9, 225 , 229, 244 26 , 27 , 275 277 , 295 9 06 Varro Atacinus vineyards 47, 230 Virgil's farm 267 werewolves 263 wine 70 Wordsworth 3 , , , word-order 5 , 64, , 8o (golden line), I I , I 69 , 90 , 2 , 244, 269 work-songs Zonas I IND EX OF NAM ES Achilles I Actaeus 72 Adonis 298 Aegle I 86 Aegon I 70 Afri 5 Aganippe 200, 297 Alcides 23 I Alcimedon I oo Alcippe I Alcon I Alexis 64, 230 Alphesiboeus I 70 Alpinus 305 Amaryllis I , , I Amor I , , I O Amphion I Amyntas I o Antigenes I 72 Aones 20 I Aonius 297 Apollo r r , I , I , I 63 , 204, 300 Aracynthus 72 Arar 55 Arcades 2I Arcadia I 44, 288-90 Arethusa 293 Arion 254 Ariusius I 70 Armenius I I Ascraeus 203 Assyrius I Auster 82, I I Bacchus I 62 , I I Bauius I I Bianor 286 Britanni 57 Caesar (Julius) 283 Camenae I o 5-6 Cancer I O Caucasius I 92 Ceres I I Chalcidicus 306 Chaonius I Chromis I 82 Cinna 279 Circe Codrus I , 220 Conon I 02 Corydon 64, Cremona Cumaeus I I Cydonius 309 Cynthius I 79 Cyrneus 276 Damoetas 76 Damon 240 Daphnis 73 I , I 65 , I 67, I , 260, 26 I , 288 Dardanius 82 Delia Io8, 223 Dictaeus I 97 Dionaeus 282 Dircaeus 72 Doris 295 Dryades I 67 Dulichius 205 Eurotas 207, 208 Fauni I 87 Galatea 44, I 07 , 28 I Gallus I 77, I 99, 204, 288-3 I I Garamantes I Gortynius I 98 Gryneus 203 Hamadryades 309 Hebrus I O 20 Hesperus 248 Hyblaeus 52 Hylas 93 Hylax z6s Iacchus Iollas , 1 Ismarus 8 I uppiter 06 Libertas 43 Libethrides Linus 202 Lucifer 245 Lucina Lycaeus 298 Lycidas Lycisca 97 Lycoris 288, 294 Maenalus 246, 308 Mantua 275, 276, 285 Mars 304 :Vleliboeus , 39 :Vlenalcas 68, 299 iVIeuius 1 Micon 95 M incius Mnasyllos 82 :Vloeris 263 , 269 :Vlopsus 5 :Vlusa , 06 , 240 :Vlusae Naides 87 Neaera 93 Nereus !\erine 226 !\isus 204 l\ymphae 97 , , 308 Nysa 246 Oaxes s6 Oeta 248 Olympus 67 Orpheus 03 , 88 , 254 Palaemon 04 I N D E X OF N A M E S Pales Pallas 83 Pan Parcae Parnasius 88 Parnasus 296 Parthenius 308 Parthus 5 , 308 Pasiphae 94 Permessus 99 Phaethontiades 98 Philomela 206 Phoebus 06 , 202, zo8, 220 Phyllis 1 Pierides 1 , 1 Pindus 297 Pollio xxi, 1 , 1 , , 23 3-5 Pontus 263 Priapus 225 Proetides Pyrrha 92 Rhenus 5 , 305 Rhodope 88 Roma 42 Sardonius 227 Saturnius 20- Satyri 70 Scylla 204 Sicanus 294 Sicelides Musae 30 Silenus 75-7 Siluanus 300 Sithonius Sophocleus 243 Stimichon 67 Syracosius 79 Tereus zo6 Thalea Thestylis 67 Thetis 37 Thyrsis Timauus , 242 Tiphys Tityrus 29-3 Tmaros 25 I NDEX OF NAMES Varius 278 Varus Venus 08, 09 Vesper 209 Virgo Vlixes 321 IND EX O F LATIN WOR D S a ! 305 ab 52 ab integro abundare 70 ac 94 acanthus , 34 adeo adolere 25 adsurgere 202 aequiperare 66 aerius 54, 09 , 254 aetas aether 54 agel/us 270 agere 40 agrestis alacris 67 aliquii 96 aliquot alium almus 245 alnus I 99 altaria I 68 alter ab 250 amarus 1 , I 99 , 295 amomum 1 anethum 79 anguis I anima 89 anser 279 antrum 58 aper 223 apium 203 apud me 07 aquila 272 aquosus I O arbos I 05 arbustum 47 arbutus I I I ardere 64 argutus I , 22 I astrum I , 283 at 232 atque 68, I atque a tque attondere 296 auena 36, 64 aureus 09 baccaris 34 barba 249 barbarus bene olens 79 bini 77, 69 bis seni 49 bitumm 26 bonus I 68 bos 40 bucula 262 cadere 273, 286 caelatus 00 calamus 40, , 96 calathus 78, 69 calta I candidus 69, I 67, 28 canere , 30 cantharus 84 capiti (abl ) 84 capreolus 77 captare carduus I 64 carectum 97 carmen I I , 65 , 257 casa 74 caseus , 46 casia 79 castanea 59, I cauere 275 causari 285 cereus I cerfare 99, I ceruus 224 chorus 202 24 I NDEX OF LATI N WORDS cicada 67, I I cicuta 76 cinis 264 circum colocasium I 34 columba 272 commaculare 53 compel/ere complexus (part.) I concors I I concrescere I 90 concubitus I 95 condere arces ; bella I I ; soles 284 congerere I 09 conixus I considere I o s contagia I contra I conuexus I 42 cornix 273 cornu 309 corylus I coturnus 224, 243 crater I 69 credo 95 credulus 278 croceus I 40 cuius (interr adj ) 92 cupressus 43 cura 300 curuus I custos 3 cycnus 276 cytisus damnare I I dare 42, 247 de caelo tactus 42 deducere carmen I 8o ; lunam dejieri I depellere 42 die mihi 92 dicere I , 272 dijjundere I O I dignus 279 discludere I 90 discordia 58 disperdere 98 diua I I diues 70 diuinus I S ducere 40, 283 dulcis 8o dum I 6, 249 duo I 69 durare I 90 ebulum I ecce I 68 edere electrum e n I 68, 203 en umquam 57 eque I equidem 40 errabundus I 97 errm·e 40, I 96, I 99 error 25 I erubescere I 79 eruwn I S et I I , I 72 , 27 I , 306 euinctus 225 ex I 89 , 302 excipere 97 excire 263 exsul 5 extremus 25 I exuuiae 262 facere 78, I I O , I I I facilis I O I faginus I OO fagus , 6s fallax I 35 fascinare I I fascis 286 fatorum numen I I fax 248 Jerula 300 fistula 76 fiauescere I fiere I I O folium I S formosus , I 43 , I 65 fors I 97 fouere 93 IN DEX OF LAT IN WORDS fragzmz I I J fraus I J fraxinus I frigidus I I frondator fugere , fumare 49 furor 303 gemellus I gemere gemma glans 299 grarninis herba z 6o grauis 50 gryps 247 gurges 206 habere 44, habitare 74 hedera 02, I 34 herba 263 heros I J J heu lzeu 2; lzeu lzeu 73 lzibiscum 75 hie hie 43 lziems lzilarare 69 hirsutus 230, 249 lzordeum 63 hurnilis 30 hyacintlzus 07 iacere 288 iam iam 40 igitur ignarus 92 ignis I D7 ilex illorum I immemor lzerbarum 240 impius s improbus i n medio 00 in numerum 87 in primis I 69 in unum incidere 248, 273, 307 inconditus 6s incrernentum 42 indigere indignus 246 indoctus 97 inducere 62 injindere ingemescere inire I 3 iniussus 82 insanus 282, 304 inserere s insuetus 67 interrniscere 295 intexere 8o, 63 intonsus 68 ipse , 09, ! iudex 44 iuniperus 230, 1 iuuencus 50, 84 iuuenis 47 labor 293 labrusca s6 lacertus 66 laedere 306 laeuus lanugo laudes laureus 23 laurus , 208 leaena 83 lector I Iegere 243 lerztus leuis , 54 libunz 225 licium 259 ligustmm 69 !ilium 78, limen Olympi I limes linquere 36 liquidus 89 litus 73 lolium I 64 lucescere I I ludere 40 325 INDEX OF LATIN WORDS luteolus So lutum 40 lynx 24 macer 1 maestus 46 magicus 257 magis 40 magnus 43 , l l , , 89, 242 maior 5 malum , 07 , 09 mandare marmor 224 masculus 257 me sine 305 medicina 309 meditari 36, 68, 208 medius mel 1 2, meminisse 42, 262 mensa 45 mentiri 40 meus 220 minium mirari 24 mitis 59 modo 260 modulari mollis 6o, 8o, , 304 molliter 302 mortuus 96 motare 5 mundus 42 munusculum 34 murex 40 murmur 285 muscosus 228 myrica xxix, 30 myrtus , namque , 89 narcissus 79 nasci 1 , 245 nauticus nee 270 nectar 70 nectere nescio quis 1 niger 68 niueus 96 nodus 259 non ullus 6o nonne 68 notus nouale s S nouellus nouerca 9 numquam numquam hodie 03 nunc s nutare 42 nux 248 74, 83, oblitus 285 oliua 57 olor 28o opacus oportet 80 orare 78 orbis , 90 otium xxiv , pacare 22 paliurus 64 palmes 228 palumbes 54 pampineus 230 papauer 79 parens (fern.) 44 pares parati parturire o partus (part ) 08 paruus , 223 pastor 202 pati 39, 307 patria 32 paulatim 36 , paulo 30 peculium 45 pedum pendere , 37 , 84, 2 penitus perjidus 262 peritus 302 peruersus 96 I NDEX OF LATIN WORDS pessimus 96 pingere 8o pinguis 45 pinifer 298 pinus I , 23 I pirus s placitum (subst.) 22 I plurimus I poculum I , I 69, 248 poeta 278 pontus I I populus 23 I possessor 70 posthabere I posthac s8 praesens 47 pressare I I4 prima (subst ) I 90 primus so, I 78 procedere 209 procerus I 99 procul I 84 profundus I protinus 40 prunum I puella I 67 , I 95 I 98 puer 96, I I , I 83 pulcherrimus I 87 puniceus 224 purpureus z8 I quacumque 272 quamuis I I I , I quandoquidem I -que -que I 87; ( T< u ) I 43 -que -que -que I 89 quercus I 88 quiescere 302 quin age I 05 quotannis 48 radius I 02 ramosus 224 rapidus 56, 67 recubare 34 reddere I I requiescere 24I resonare respicere 44, I 02 responswn so ridere I 34 rigidus I 88 roscidus I ruminare I 97 rupes 88 ruscus 227 sacellum 95 saepes 52, 249 saetosus 223 salire I 66 saliunca I salix I 07 saltus I 97 sandyx I 40 scelus I 3 secundus 7 seges 283 semen I 89 semiputatus 84 senex 203 serpere 244 serpyllum 67 si nescis 97 si quis pudor 227 sibilus I I sic 276 siccare 77 silex silua xxvi , siluestris s simus 296 sinister 273 sinum 225 siue I 56 sordere 78 sordidus 74 sorores (Musae) 202 spelaeum 307 spes I spiculum 309 stare 224, 230 stipula 98 stridere 98 stultus 42 stupefactus 24I INDEX OF LATIN WORDS stupere I I suauis 8o suboles I 42 subulcus 299 SUCcedere I 56 sucus 94 sudare I summittere so superadditus I o I superare 243 supercilium 249 susurrus suus quisque o taeda 229 talia I 40 tamen , I 82 taurus 50 taxus 276 tegmen tener I 90, I tenere 45 tenuis xxv , I terra I 89 texere I thiasus I 62 tigris I I tornus I O I torquere 309 torrens 229 transuersa (adv ) tristis I I tu modo tueri tugurium t um uero I 87 turbare 40 tus 257 tuus UaCC!n!Um 69 uae 276 uates 278 uber (subst.) 77 uector I 38 uenenum , 262 uenire 272 uer uerbena uester uetus 270 uexare 206 uiburnum 43 uicissim uictrix 244 uinum I 69 uiola uir 202 uir gregis I uirgo I uirgulta 296 uiridis 274 uiuax 224 uiuus 269 ullus I 68 umbra 37, 6o, 62 umbraculum 282 umbrosus uoce lacessere r o upilio 299 usque adeo 40 ... Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid aud associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford... (1 8-43 ) T Me amat bonus otia41 Daphnis ipsi Iaetitia uoces ad sidera iactant intonsi montes; ipsae iam carmina rupes , ipsa42 sonant arbusta: 'deus, deus ille, Menalca! ' s i s bonus o felixque... UwaL 1TapEUTI fJ-EV a fJ-EALTELa €pfJw8at, 7ToAAos 8€ Kat ws p6 8a Kw8os E1Tav8EI AA (s I z8-3 I ) Co Moon-clover and goatwort have my goats for pasture; on mastic they walk, and couch on arbutus