hsg anh cấp tỉnh cực hay

You may not even have a number for your 9______ as such, as the computer may by then be able to read your handprint.. These young people become able to tell other youth that the drug sce

1 A dinosaur B diorite C diode D dint

2 A baths B bathymetry C clothier D thaw

4 A huddle B hooch C hoody D hautboy

5 A tear B teasel C tearful D teargland

6 A clime B clinch C cling D clinic

8 A dangle B Danish C dapper D slap

9 A chemosphere B chenille C machine D chauvinism

B Underline the stressed syllables of the following words:

1 Twinborn 2 Parachute 3 Psychiatry 4 Memorial 5 Secession 6 Seclusionist

7 Fanaticise 8 Conctative 9 Canasta 10 Verbatim

A PART TWO:

1 The _ accused the government of an evasion of responsibility.(OPPOSE)

2 Two members of the expedition died from _ (EXHAUST)

3 Carol's new catering business turned out to be very _ ( BENEFIT)

4 The weather _ changes for the worse whenever we go on holiday (VARY)

5 We have already made _ progress towards solving the problem (SUBSTANCE)

6 You can travel from one end of the park to the other on a railway (MINIMISE)

7 At the moment there is no _ of the Prime Minister resigning (LIKE)

8 Is it possible to _ between a hobby and an interest ? (DISTINCT)

9 Our city has some open spaces, but they are not very (ACCESS)

10 Two people have been arrested for illegal possession of _ in a police raid (ARM)

B I only we were running low on petrol after we had passed the last filling station.

A observed B witnessed C beheld D noticed

1 Peter agreed reluctantly to sign the form but looked extremely ill at .

2 Kate spent the morning along the sea-front.

A hiking B rambling C strolling D crawling

3 We decided to celebrate by going out and painting the town _.

4 The bus stopped at the traffic lights with a _ of the brakes.

5 The saucepans fell onto the floor with a great _.

6 With the end of childhood, and the onset of _ , young people experience profound changes.

A teenage B childhood C middle-age D adolescence

7 Jean has a very easy-going _ , which is why she is so popular.

A role B characteristic C personality D reputation

8 The barman began to his fists in a threatening manner so I left.

9 We have just having a friendly _ about football.

PART III: Put a suitable word or phrase in each space so that the sentence contains a phrasal verb:

1 The exact total _ at just over $750.

2 We are having our living room _.

3 The crisis was by Brenda's resignation.

4 The plan at the last minute.

5 Sue is well with her new job.

6 I think you _ the whole story.

7 Guess who I at the supermarket yesterday afternoon.

8 Don't worry about that missing book, it's bound to sooner or later.

9 An inquiry into the accident has been _.

10 Don't be by her apparent shyness.

C Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition or adverbial particle:

1 I'm very glad to get this awful business with.

2 I can offer you a temporary job a clerk.

3 Queen Victoria was not amused naughty stories.

4 I think the chief let us go simply _ sympathy for our plight.

5 Everyone was shocked _ hearing your bereavement.

6 Herbert was a man _ few words but he was a man _ a sense of when to say the right thing.

7 Every vote me will be a vote the party I oppose.

8 I was totally baffled _ Tim's behaviour.

9 Stop running everybody .

10 Guess who turned at our party last night? Your ex-boyfriend, Harry.

D Supply the missing word(s):

1 he stayed up late for film last night, he would be tired now.

2 She is considering not _.

3 Although he had run as fast as he , he only placed fourth in the race.

4 _ eaten and drunk too much the night before, he woke up with a headache.

5 If she knew _ to drive, he would lend her his car.

6 "Here is a message on my desk" It may be concluded that , "my friend _ have called me last night."

7 There is no in going in Mary's car if there is no parking space.

8 _ early the following year was he able to take up the post.

9 _ had the doctor fallen asleep when the phone woke him up.

10 To , it was rather disappointing.

A PART FOUR:

Passage 1: One man's productivity, however, varies greatly from country to country It depends on the amount of assistance the average worker is given in the form of machinery - that is to say, on the horsepower per head It depends also - and this may be a point of growing importance - on the spirit and stamina of the workers The industrial workers

of certain countries have been working under heavy strain for many years During that time they have been badly fed Moreover, the countries referred to have become independent in a significant degree on slave labor, the inefficiency of which is notorious.

1 The main topic of this passage is

A machinery makes the difference B horse power per head

C worker productivity D the importance of spirit and stamina

2 the author implies that

A workers have neglected their health B slaves are weak C machinery adds one horsepower to each worker D working under strain reduce output

3 Productivity as used in this passage is most nearly similar in meaning to

A horsepower per head B output under strain C

Passage 2: Much has sometimes been made of the great importance for human evolution of the hand with its opposable thumb; it was important, certainly, but only as the servant of the growing brain The hands of the higher monkeys would be perfectly capable of the finest skills had they a mind to set them to work; monkeys could be watchmakers had they ever conceived the notion of time.

A further stimulus to mental growth was given our ancestors when they left the trees and a mainly vegetarian diet and began to adapt themselves to living in relatively open country and eating meat Undoubtedly meat's nutritive value,

so much greater than that

of herbs and fruit, relieved them of the necessary of perpetual eating More important, the need for a creature with a relatively flat muzzle and no sharp claws or canine teeth to kill, skin and break up animal food must have led first to the use and then to the manufacture of tools 4 The most important element in human evolution, according to the author, was a

5 It can be inferred that when man learned to eat meat, he

A A improve his brain B spent less time eating

C suffered nutritionally D was equipped to obtain animal food

6 Man's beginning to eat meat had as its first direct consequence

C the use of tools D increased barbarity

B Choose the most suitable word for each space:

Someone once described the age we live in as that of a vanishing world, one in which the familiar is constantly disappearing forever and technological change is often difficult to (1) with So it should come as no surprise to most of us to hear that yet another part of everyday life is (2) to go for ever Still, when I read recently that within the next decade money as we (3) it will probably cease to exist to technologically advanced countries, I had to read the article twice to make sure it wasn't April 1 st (4) to Professor Gerry Montague of the Institute for Economic Reform, the familiar (5) and banknotes will soon be replaced entirely by credit cards of various kinds And the shop of the future (the 'retail outlet' as Prof Montague put it) will be (6) directly to the network of banking computers The assistant will simply key in your bank account code number and the (7) you have spent, and thank you politely You won't have to dig deep in your (8) _ for change or pretend at the pub that you have left your money at home You may not even have a number for your (9) as such, as the computer may by then be able to read your handprint So no more

credit card frauds (10) But I am afraid that I shall (11) money I have felt strongly attached to it, ever since I received my first pocket money when I was five, and kept it in a money-box Even if my credit card of the future will be able to tell me exactly how much (12) _ power I have left in the computer files, even if it lights up and plays a happy (or sad) tune at the same time, nothing will be able to replace the sheer pleasure I gained from (13)

The coins in my money-box Not to (14) the other obvious problems which will be caused by (15) of real money - like how to start a football match, for example!

4) A Thanks B Contrary C According to D Accustomed

8) A pockets B wallet C cheque book D cash

payment

10) A arrested B either C stolen D however

spending

13) A rattling B withdrawing C estimating D throwing

15) A a shortage B an expense C an absence D.a replacement

C The computer has brought nothing (1) problems to the world of the twentieth century. Chief among the problems has (2) the dehumanization of society People are no (3) human Each of us is a series of numbers, numbers to be fed into computers There are our credit card numbers, our bank account (4) , our social security numbers, our telephone and electricity numbers - the computer number game is endless.

What happens to these computerized numbers ? They are distributed to a network of government agencies and business (5) can use them to invade our privacy The Internal Revenue Service stores millions of facts about every citizen Credit agencies exchange (6) on the spending and saving practices of nearly every American adult Mailing lists are (7) _ available by computers to dozens of organizations, public and private, who bombard us with unwanted mail Just let the computer which stores (8) concerning our accounts, let us say with a credit card company, make an error and it is almost impossible to correct it The result is an avalanche of bills, threads, and loss of credit standing The computer has thrown thousands of people out of (9) The gamut of computer- generated unemployed runs from highly skilled technicians to typists These are some of the reasons why I feel that the (10) of the computer has been detrimental to the quality of our life in the twentieth century.

D There are 11 errors in the following passage Identify, then underline and correct them:O is an example:

Drug abuse is like a communicable disease it spreads - by example, by word of mouth, and by imitation Drug abuse is certainly increasing, but so are the number of young people who has tried drugs and want out As we provide treatment services for them These young people become able to tell other youth that the drug scene is not as great as they thought they was, before they got hooked And, of greater importance, they are beleived by their contemporaries before experimentation become habit.

Parents can help use drug usage by setting example, by knowledge, and by understanding If they are to talk to their children about drugs, they must be informed, usually they know far less about drugs than do their children.

Ideally, before their child is tempted to experiment, they will have be able to explain to him the undesirability of the drugged life What is even more convincing to young people, they will have been able to communicate of him the actual damage that a drug abuser does to their body.

A PART FIVE:

1 The keeper had no sooner opened the cage door than the lion attacked him.

Hardly _.

2 No other city in Vietnam is so large as Ho Chi Minh City.

Ho Chi Minh City is .

3 They produce a lot of paper, so they need a lot of wood pulp.

1 Whatever difficulties Anna had, she still attended university (SHINE)

2 I can imagine how worried Barbara's husband was (MUST)

3 These things must be done, so make sure that they are (SEE)

4 Nobody does her any harm (FINGER)

5 The price of the house has been reduce as much as possible because the owner needs some money (BONE)

6 I am sure the entertainer will cheer them up (BOUND)

7 You haven't explained exactly how the money disappeared (ACCOUNTED)

8 You can't get to the village in winter because of the snow (ACCESS)

9 I realised I had said something wrong (CONSCIOUS)

10 The whole team was in a happy mood (SPIRITS)

PART IA 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 B 6 A 7 B 8 B 9 A 10 C

B 1 Twi nborn 2 P arachute 3 Psychiatry 4 Memorial 5 Secession 6 Seclusionist 7 Fanaticise

8 Conctative 9 Canasta 10 Verbation

PART IIA 1 opposition 2 exhaustion 3 beneficial 4 invariably 5 substantial 6 miniature 7 likelihood 8 distinguish 9 accessible 10 armament

B 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.D 13.A 14.D 15 C

C 1) but 2) been 3) longer 4) numbers 5) which 6) information 7) made 8) data 9) work 10) advent

D 0) it -> which 1) are -> is 2) has -> have 3) they -> it 4) beleived -> believed 5) become -> becomes 6) use -> prevent 7) by setting -> by 8) be -> been 9) their body -> his body 10) be -> been

PART V: A Hardly had the keeper opened the cage door when the lion attacked him.

1 HCM City is larger than any other city in Vietnam.

2 The more paper they produce, the more wood pulp they need.

3 We always remember spending our childhood in that beautiful mountain resort.

4 She insisted on being called Joyce.

5 Why don't you try using honey instead of sugar

6 Some gestures can give you away when you lie.

7 At no time did he suspect (that) the money had been stolen.

8 The moment I got up to dance the band stopped playing

9 Only by united opposition can/will/could we eliminate world terrorism.

B.Anna still attended university (come) rain or shine.

1 Barbara's husband must have been very worried.

2 You must see to it that these things are done.

3 Nobody has laid a finger on her.

4 The house has been cut to the bone because the owner needs some money.

5 The entertainer is/will be bound to cheer them up.

6 You haven't accounted exactly for the disappearance of the money.

7 There is no access to the village in winter.

8 I was conscious of having said something wrong.

9 The whole team was in good spirits.

ĐỀ ÔN THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN ANH 12

Question I: Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence Circle the letter A, B, C or D next to the correct word or phrase

1 A learner driver must be by a qualified driver

2 Newspapers should try to printing statements that they cannot check

3 What's wrong with you today? Did you get out of bed on the wrong ?

4 As she did not understand the question, she just gave him a look

5 They talked for three days before to a decision

6 A wedding is a good opportunity for off new clothes

7 A great of bees settled on our apple tree during a storm

8 The chance of a repetition of these events is indeed

9 Having lost the match, the team traveled home in spirits

10 Despite the bad weather, he get to the airport in time

11 Alan and Susie an argument They are not speaking to each other

12 The gun went as he was cleaning it but luckily he was not hurt

13 Those second-hand cell phones are selling like If you want one, youhad better buy one now before they are all gone

14 At the end of the winter, the price of winter clothes in the shop usually

A drops B lowers C sinks D reduces

15 For a while, I was at a to know what to say

16 He retired early ill-health

17 On November 5, a lot of fireworks are off in England

18 Though I have classes now, I have free time than last week

19 Frank has a house on the of the city

20 He had qualified as a doctor but later gave up the of medicine for time writing

Question II: Give the correct tense and form of the verb to fit each gap

1 He died of lung cancer He (smoke) a lot

2 In some gardens, the plants (label) with their names and their optimal growing conditions

3 An eyewitness described how ten people (kill) in the fire

4 It ’ s crucial that she (arrive) before 6 o ’ clock

5 He will go to Ho Chi Minh City with a view to (give) a chance of promotion

6 The old clock wasn't ticking because it (not wind)

7 Could you give me another pen? This pen (not write) 8

8 I don ’ t know why you (always make) noise in class, Tom

9 He (traffic) in drug across the border when the police caught him

10 By this time next month we (live) here for exactly 10 years

Question III: Read the passage and fill in each blank with the correct form of the word provided

I've been a (1 PROFESSION) writer for most of adult life and I've been writing (2 SCIENTIST) fiction for at least twenty years now

My real name is Herbert Smith but I use the (3 PEN) 'Al Macintyre' because I think a (4 NOVEL) should have a more exciting name than 'Smith' I used to have enormous problems writing manuscripts for (5

PUBLISH) First, I would start scribbling on a huge wad of ordinary (6 WRITE) paper Then I would jot down a few ideas in a (7

NOTE) before I started to write my first draft on the (8

TYPE) This went on till a couple of years ago when I bought my first(9 PERSON) computer I was only interested in the word processing actually, and when I saw the first neat (10 PRINT) of my efforts on the computer, I knew it would change the way I wrote novels forever

Question IV: Read the text below and look carefully at each line Some of the lines are correct and some have a word which should not be there If a line is correct, put a tick () If the line has a word which should not be there, write the word

English has without doubt been become the second (1)

language of Europe and the world European countries (2)

which have the most successfully assimilated English into (3)

a daily life are England's neighbours in Northern Europe: (4)

Ireland, the Netherlands, the Sweden, Norway, and the (5)

The situation is so very marked that any visitor (7)

to the Netherlands will soon be aware of the pressure of (8)

English up on daily life: television, radio and print bring (9)

it into every home and the schoolyard conversations of (10)

children; advertisers use it so to pep up their message (11)

, journalists take refuge in it that when their home-bred (12)

skills fail them Increasingly one hears of the view that (13)

Dutch will give way to English like as the national (14)

tongue of within two or three generations (15)

Question V: Fill in each blank with one suitable preposition or particle

1 We can only guess her reason for leaving her job

2 He spoke such assurance that we couldn't but believe him

3 They were sad because the plan fell at the last minutes

4 Ben is a true adventurer He has climbed this country's highest mountain,

canoed the continent, and hiked through the Amazon jungle

5 She wrote the book collaboration with one of her students

6 You'd better write the appointment in your agenda, or you'll probably forget

7 Mary has always looked to her uncle, who is a very successful actor

8 I do feel you, honestly!

9 As I had put on weight, my dress was too tight so I had to let it especially around the waist

10 I'm sorry but Dr Ho sees patients appointment only

Question VI: Insert the, a(n) or X (no article) where necessary

Even though dolphins live in (1) water, they are not fish They are (2) members of (3) large family of mammals, who have adapted to life in the seas and rivers of (4) world Other members of the family are (5) _ whales and porpoises Porpoises and dolphins are such close relatives that only (6) fewscientists can really distinguish between (7) _ different species Mammals are (8) members of (9) large class of animals that have (10) warm blood and bear their children alive

Question VII: Read the passage and use ONLY ONE suitable word to fill in each gap:

(8.) fire to and destroy (9.) that stands in their way Famously, in

AD 79, the Roman city of Pompeii was covered in lava and ash, preserving buildings andsome of their contents to the (10.) day

Question IX: Read the passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each sentence by circling A, B, C or D

Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased Bengal tigers, for instance,which once roamed the jungles in vast number, now number only about 2,300 By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct What is alarming about the case

of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by

poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but

in personal gratification This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction Animals, such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world ’ s ecosystem International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival-and the survival of our planet Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways Some countries,

in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals Another response

to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed

1 What is the main topic of the passage?

2 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word ‘ alarming ” ?

3 The word “ poachers ” as used in the first paragraph could be best replaced by which ofthe following?

4 The word “ callousness ” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by which of the following

insensitivity

5 The above passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast …

C a comparison and a contrast D specific and general information

6 What does the word “ this ” in the first paragraph refers to in the passage?

C killing animals for personal satisfaction D the decrease in the Bengal tiger

8 The word “ defray ” in the 2 nd paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the

following ?

investment toward

9 What does the term “ international boycott ” in the 2 nd paragraph refer to?

A selling of animal products oversea B a refusal to buy animal products

worldwide

C a global increase in animal survival D defraying the cost of maintaining nationalparks

10 Which of the following best describes the author ’ s attitude?

Question X : Read the following text and decide which word best fits each blank by circling the letter A, B, C or D

Why does English spelling have a reputation for being difficult? English was first written down when Christian monks came to England in Anglo-Saxon (1)……… They used the 23 letters of Latin to write down the sound of Anglo-Saxon (2)……… as they heard it However, English has a (3) ………….range of basic sounds (over 40) than Latin The alphabet was too small, and so combinations of letters were needed to express the different sounds Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way that letters were combined With the Norman invasion of England, the English language was put (4)

………….risk English survived, but the spelling of many English words changed to follow French (5)………., and many French words were introduced into the language The result was more irregularity When the printing press was (6)

………in the fifteenth century, many early printers of English texts spoke other first languages They made little effort to respect English spelling Although one of the short-term (7) ………… of printing was to produce a number of variant spellings, in the long term it created fixed spellings People became used to seeing words spelt in the sameway Rules were drawn up, and dictionaries were put together which printers and writers could (8)……… to However, spoken English was not fixed and continued to change slowly-just as it still does now Letters that were sounded in the Anglo-Saxon period, like the ‘ k ’ in 'knife', now became (9)……… Also, the pronunciation of vowelsthen had little in common with how they sound now, but the way they are spelt hasn't changed No (10)…………, then, that it is often difficult to see the link between sound and spelling

7 A actions B.effects C conclusions D meanings

It didn ’ t 3.Except for the inspector, everyone was in uniform

The inspector was the

4 The balloon went up into the air

2 Their arrival was completely unexpected

(TOOK)

3 As far as I know, he is still living in Australia

(KNOWLEDGE)

4 She worked very hard to earn just enough money to pay her bills

(ENDS)

5 You cannot get to the village in winter because of the snow

(ACCESS)

6 My father would rather I did not go out tonight

(PREFER)

7 I didn ’ t agree with his idea

(FAVOUR)

8 We really ought to wrap up things and go home now

(TIME)

9 Tom failed the exam and so did Bill

(NEITHER)

10 She has a good relationship with her neighbours

(GETS)

PART I: PHONETICS (1.0 P) Question I (5 x 0.1 = 0.5 p): 1.B 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A

Question II (5 x 0.1 = 0.5 p): 1.B 2.B 3 D 4 A 5 B

PART II: LEXICO - GRAMMAR: (7.5 points)

Question I: (20 x 0.1 = 1 p) 1 B 2 D 3 A 4.D 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 B 9 B 10 A 11 C 12 D 13.C 14 A 15 B 16 A 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 A

Question II: (10 x 0.1 = 1 p) 1 must have smoked 2 are labeled/ labelled 3 had been killed 4 (should) arrive 5 being given 6 hadn ’ t been wound 7 does not write 8 are always making 9 was trafficking 10 will have been living/will have lived

Question III: (10 x 0.1 = 1 p) 1 professional 2 science 3 pen-name 4 novelist 5

publishers 6 writing 7 notebook 8 typewriter 9 personal 10 printout

Question IV: (15 x 0.1 = 1.5p) 1) been (2) v _ (3) _v _ (4) _a _ (5) the (6) v _ (7) _very (8) v (9) up _ (10) the _ (11) so (12) that (13) them_ (14) _like (15) _of _

Question V: (10 x 0.1 = 1 p) 1 at 2 with 3 through 4 across 5 in 6 down 7 up 8 for 9 out 10 by Question VI: (10 x 0.1 = 1p) 1 the 2 x 3.a 4 the 5 x 6.a 7.the 8 x 9 a 10 x PART THREE: READING (6.5 POINTS)

Question I: (10 x 0.2 = 2 p) 1 as 2 after 3 without 4 less 5 called 6 down 7 which 8 set 9 everything 10 present

2 It didn ’ t take Bill long/ a long time to find a job

3 The inspector was the only person (there)/ (who was) not in uniform

4 Up into the air went the balloon

5 What amaze me/make me amazed are the mistakes he has made

6 Only in a situation like this can children learn how to behave

7 They seem to have sent us the wrong information

8 I had all my crops wiped out completely by / in / during the storm

9 You won ’ t feel at home here until a few weeks (have gone by)/ until after a few weeks

10 Against everybody ’ s / everyone ’ s / all expectations, she lost

Question II: (10 x 0.2 = 2 p)

1 I did not mean to disturb you

2 Their arrival took us/me by surprise

3 To the best of my knowledge, he is still living in Australia

4 She worked very hard to make (both) ends meet

5 You can't get access to the village in winter because of the snow

6 My father would prefer me not to go out tonight

7 I was not in favour of his idea

8 It ’ s (about/high) time we wrapped up things and went home now It ’ s time for us to wrap up things and go home now

9 Neither Tom nor Bill passed the exam Or: Tom didn ’ t pass the exam and neither did Bill

10 She gets on well with her neighbours

1 This man is so arrogant that he is completely to all criticism

3 I haven’t got the time to do my homework, _ help you with yours

counting

4 that’s happened is a waste of time

5 Different cultures _ dreams in different way

interfere

6 “ _” – “Not really”

A I don’t like that new movies

B Would you like to watch a cartoon or a documentary?

C Would you recommend the new movie at the Odeon?

D How often do you go to the movies?

7 The public _ does not know enough about AIDS

9 _be needed, the water basin would need to be dammed

power should

10 I feel it an honor to speak about expedition

A to ask B to be asked C be asked D having asked

11 It is essential that every student the exam before attending the course

12 _ appears considerably larger at the horizon than it does over head is merely

an optical illusion

That the Moon

13 advertising is so widespread, it has had an enormous effect on the people’s lives

account of

14 There are many opportunities for career _ if you work for that company

15 I used to like football very much, but I’ve already _ interest lately

16 – Would you like a beer?

- Not while I’m _

control

17 It was so foggy that the climbers couldn’t _ the nearby shelter

18 She was a hungry as a _

19 All these sweater are extremely _ by local residents of a small Scottish island

20 We bought some _

Anthony Masters was a writer in exceptional gifts and prodigious energy He

began his eventful and versatile career like a teenager, when he was expelled fromschool for organizing a revolt against the school uniform In order to earn a living,

he fulfilled his childhood ambition and took on writing In 1964, at the age of 23,

he published A Pocketful of Rye, a collection of short stories where freshness of

style earned him a distinction of being runner – up in the John Llewellyn RhysMemorial Prize, an established and prestigious British – based literacy award He

made the award two years later with his novel The Seahorse, after which he

continued to display his considerable talent by writing both fiction or non – fiction.The inspiration for many of his novels came from his experience helping the socialexcluded: he ran soup kitchens for drug addicts and campaigned for the civic rights

of gypsies and another ethnic minorities His non – fiction output was typicallyeclectic, ranged from biographies to social histories, but it was a writer of childrenfiction that Masters outshone his contemporaries His work contains a sensitivitywhich remains unequalled by some other writer of the genre

0 Line 1 in of

V1 That factory turns hundreds of small appliances everyday

2 The boss asked me to make _ the hours I missed last week

3 The suspect was released from prison _ bail

4 Once again poor Colin has been passed _for promotion

5 Everyone approved of the scheme, but when we asked for volunteers they all hung _

PART C The Alexandra Palace in north London was built with private funds as a

“People’s Palace” Serviced by its own station, it was opened in 1873 and was extremely well (1) _ until, two weeks after its opening, it burnt down It was replaced by a slightly larger building which opened in 1875 and featured, (2) other things, a splendid organ an Great Hall, which was the size of a football pitch Despite the

extraordinarily wide range of events (3) _ there – from dog shows to great concertsand banquets, from elephant displays to bicycle matches – it always operated at a loss and

by 1877 much of the park around it had been sold to speculative builders, leaving only about half of the original land

In 1900, a committee was appointed, whose principal duty was to run the palaceand park “for the free use of the people forever.” There were, however, (4) tocharge for entry so that the substantial costs could be (5) _ The Palace continued,with (6) degrees of success, as an entertainment centre In the 1930s, it wasprobably most (7) for being the home of the world’s first high definitiontelevision broadcasts

In 1980 the building was once more devastated by fire and (8) _ to a ruin

It was then decided to (9) _ it and to create a major exhibition centre withcommunity (10) _, such as a restaurant and a health club

VII While many nineteenth – century reformers hoped to bring about reform

through education or by eliminating specific social evils, some thinkers wanted to start over and remark society by founding ideal, cooperative communities The United States seemed to them a spacious and unencumbered country where models of a perfect society could succeed These communitarian thinkers hoped their success would lead to

imitation, until communities free of crime, poverty, and other social ills would cover the land A number of religious groups, notably the Shakers, practiced communal living, but

the main impetus to found model communities came from nonreligious, rationalistic

thinkers

Among the communitarian philosophers, three of the most influential wereRobert Owen, Charles Fourier, and John Humphrey Noyes Owen, famous for his

humanitarian policies as owner of several thriving textile mills in Scotland, believed thatfaulty environment was to blame for human problems and that these problems could beeliminated in a rationally planned society In 1852 he put his principles into practice atNew Harmony, Indiana The community failed economically after a few years but notbefore achieving a number of social successes Fourier, a commercial employee inFrance, never visited the United States However, his theories of cooperative living

influenced many Americans through the writings of Albert Brisbane, whose Social

Destiny of Man explained Fourierism and its self-sufficient associations of phalanxes.

One or more of these phalanxes was organized in every Northern state The most famouswere Red Bank, New Jersey, and Brook Farm, Massachusetts An early member of thelatter was the author Nathaniel Hawthrone Noyes founded that the most enduring andprobably the oddest of the utopian communities, the Oneida Community of upstate NewYork Needless to say, none of these experiments had any lasting effects on the patterns ofAmerican society

1 Which of the following is not given in the passage as one of the general goals of communitarian philosophers?

United States

C To establish ideal communities.D To create opportunities through education

2 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the world impetus?

3 Why does the author mention Nathaniel Hawthorne?

A He founded Brook Farm in Massachusetts

B He was a critic of Charles Fourier

C He wrote book that led to the establishment of model communities

D He was at one time a member of the Brook Farm community

4 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the world phalanxes?

5 The author implies that, for readers, the conclusion of the passage is

VIII

WHEEL OF FORTUNE

A Since moving consumers has emerged about once every generation Each suchinnovation has changed the industry irreversibly; each has been accompanied by a period

of fear mixed with exhilaration The arrival of digital technology, pictures were invented

a century ago, a new way of distributing entertainment to which translates music,pictures, and texts into the zeros and ones of computer language, marks one of thoseperiods

B This may sound familiar, because the digital revolution, and the explosion ofchoice that would go with it, has been heralded for some time In 1992, John Malone,chief executive of TCI, an American cable giant, welcomed the ‘500-channel universe’.Digital television was about to deliver everything except pizzas to people’s living rooms.When the entertainment companies tried out the technology, it worked fine – but not at aprice that people were prepared to pay

C Those 500 channels eventually arrived but via the Internet and the PC rather than

through television The digital revolution was starting to affect the entertainment business

in unexpected ways Eventually it will change every aspect of it, from the way cartoonsare made to the way films are screened to the way people buy music That much is clear.What nobody is sure of is how it will affect the economics of the business

D New technologies always contain within them both threats and opportunities.They have the potential both to make the companies in the business a great deal richer,and to sweep them away Old companies always fear new technology Hollywood washostile to television, television terrified by the VCR Go back far enough, points out HalVarian, an economist at the University of California at Berkeley, and you find publisherscomplaining that ‘circulating libraries’ would cannibalize their sales Yet whenever a newtechnology has come in, it had made more money for existing entertainment companies.The proliferation of the means of distribution results, gratifyingly, in the proliferation ofdollars, pounds, pesetas and the rest to pay for it

E All the same, there is something in the old companies’ fear New technologiesmay not threaten their lives, but they usually change their role Once television becamewidespread, film and radio stopped being the staple form of entertainment Cabletelevision has undermined the power of the broadcasters And as power has shifted themovie studios, the radio companies and the television broadcasters have been swallowed

up These days, the grand old names of entertainment have more resonance than power.Paramount is part of Viacom, a cable company; Universal, part of Seagram, a drinks-and-entertainment company; MGM, once the roaring lion of Hollywood, has been reduced to

a whisper because it is not part of one of the giants And RCA, once the most importantbroadcasting company in the world, is now a recording label belonging to Bertelsmann, alarge German entertainment company

F Part of the reason why incumbents got pushed aside was that they did not seewhat was coming But they also faced a tighter regulatory environment than the presentone In America, laws preventing television broadcasters from owning programcompanies were repealed earlier this decade, allowing the creation of vertically integratedbusinesses Greater freedom, combined with a sense of history, prompted the smartercompanies in the entertainment business to re-invent themselves They saw whathappened to those of their predecessors who were stuck with one form of distribution So,these days, the powers in the entertainment business are no longer movie studios, ortelevision broadcasters, or publishers; all those businesses have become part of biggerbusinesses still, companies that can both create content and distribute it in a range ofdifferent way

G Out of all this, seven huge entertainment companies have emerged – TimeWarner, Walt Disney, Bertelsmann, Viacom, News Corp, Seagram and Sony They coverpretty well every bit of the entertainment business except pornography Three areAmerican, one is Australian, one Canadian, one German and one Japanese ‘What you areseeing’, says Christopher Dixon, managing director of media research at PaineWebber, astockbroker, ‘is the creation of a global oligopoly It happened to the oil and automotivebusinesses earlier this century; now it is happening to the entertainment business ‘Itremains to be seen whether the latest technology will weaken those great companies, ormake them stronger than ever