lí thuyết và bài tập relative clauses đầy đủ. bao gồm defining and nondefining clauses with who, which, that and whose... Gồm nhiều bài tập các fangj trắc nghiệm, điền từ và viết lại câu. mẫu câu phong phú
Trang 1RELATIVE CLAUSES – MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
I Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ:
Mệnh đề (Clause) là một phần của câu, nó có thể bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc của cả một câu Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó
Xét ví dụ 1: The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend.
Trong câu này phần được viết chữ nghiêng được gọi là một relative clause, nó đứng sau
“the woman” và dùng để xác định danh từ đó Nếu bỏ mệnh đề này ra chúng ta vẫn có một
câu hoàn chỉnh: The woman is my girlfriend.
Xét ví dụ 2: The girl is Nam's girlfriend She is sitting next to me =>The girl who is sitting next to me is Nam's girlfriend.
Mệnh đề quan hệ thường được nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns): who, whom, which, whose, that
Mệnh đề quan hệ có hai loại: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
II Các loại mệnh đề
a Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses)
- Là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó,cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu; không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa Tất cả các đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng trong mệnh
đề xác định.
Ví dụ:
Do you know the name of the man who came here yesterday?
The man (whom / that) you met yesterday is coming to my house for dinner.
➨ Mệnh đề xác định không có dấu phẩy
b Mệnh đề không xác định (Non – defining clauses)
- Là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật, không có nó thì câu vẫn
đủ nghĩa.
Ví dụ: Miss Hoa, who taught me English, has just got married.
➨ Mệnh đề không xác định có dấu phẩy và Mệnh đề này không được dùng “That”
III Các dạng mệnh đề Quan hệ
A Relative Pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ)
Đại từ
quan hệ
Who Làm chủ ngữ, đại diện ngôi
người
I told you about the woman who lives next
door
which Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ,
đại diện ngôi đồ vật, động vật
Bổ sung cho cả câu đứng trước nó
Do you see the cat which is lying on the
roof?
He couldn’t read which surprised me
whose Chỉ sở hữu cho người và vật Do you know the boy whose mother is a
nurse?
Trang 2whom Đại diện cho tân ngữ chỉ
người
This is the man whom you met yesterday.
That Đại diện cho chủ ngữ chỉ
người, vật, đặc biệt trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (who, which vẫn có thể sử dụng được)
I don’t like the table that stands in the
kitchen
Các đại từ quan hệ:
1 WHO:
- Làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
… N (person) + WHO + V + O
Ví dụ: The woman who lives next door is a doctor
2 WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
… N (person) + WHOM + S + V
Ví dụ: George is a person whom I admire very much
3 WHICH:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
The machine which broke down is working again now
4 THAT:
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định:
Là mệnh đề cần phải có trong câu, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không có nghĩa rõ ràng Đối với loại câu này, đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ đi Ta có thể dùng
từ that thay thế cho who, whom, which
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:
Trước và sau mệnh đề này phải có dấu (,) Trường hợp này ta KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng từ
“that” thay thế cho who, whom, which và không được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề
này
Ví dụ 1: My father is a doctor He is fifty years old ➨ My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor
Ví dụ 2: Mr Brown is a very nice teacher We studied English with him ➨ Mr Brown, who(m) we studied English with, is a very nice teacher
Trường hợp bắt buộc dùng that và không được dùng that:
Trường hợp phải dùng that: sau một danh từ hỗn hợp (vừa chỉ người, vừa chỉ vật hoặc đồ
vật) Ví dụ: We can see a lot of people and cattle that are going to the field
- Sau đại từ bất định:
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting
- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY:
Trang 3Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
All that is mine is yours
You are the only person that can help us
- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence (Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
Trường hợp không dùng that: mệnh đề có dấu (,), ĐTQH có giới từ đứng trước.
Lưu ý: giới từ chỉ đứng trước whom và which, không đứng trước who và that
Ví dụ: Peter, who/whom I played tennis with on Sunday, was fitter than me.
Or: Peter, with whom I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.
Not: Peter, with who I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.
5 WHOSE:
Đại từ dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức ‘s
… N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
Ví dụ: I met someone whose brother I went to school with
B Relative adverb (Trạng từ quan hệ)
Trạng từ quan hệ có thể được sử dụng thay cho một đại từ quan hệ và giới từ Cách làm này sẽ làm cho câu dễ hiểu hơn
Ví dụ: This is the shop in which I bought my bike ➨ This is the shop where I bought my
bike
Trạng
từquan hệ
when in/on
which
Đại diện cho cụm thời gian
the day when we met
him
where in/at
which
Đại diện cho nơi chốn
the place where we
met him
which
Đại diện cho lí do
the reason why we
met him
1 WHY:
Trạng từ quan hệ why mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason
… N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ví dụ 1: I don’t know the reason You didn’t go to school for that reason → I don’t know
the reason why you didn’t go to school
Ví dụ 2: I don't know the reason You didn't go to school for that reason =>I don't know
the reason why you didn't go to school
2 WHERE:
Trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho các từ/cụm từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V … (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Trang 4Ví dụ 1: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean We stayed t that hotel → The hotel where we
stayed wasn’t very clean
Ví dụ 2: This is my hometown I was born and grew up here => This is my hometown
where I was born and grew up
Ví dụ 3: The restaurant where we had Lunch was near the airport.
3 WHEN:
Là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho cụm từ/từ chỉ thời gian
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ 1: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
➨ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
➨ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
Ví dụ 2: I don’t know the time She will come back then ➨ I don’t know the time when
she will come back
That was the day I met my wife on this day ➨That was the day when I met my wife
Lưu ý cần nhớ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
1 Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Ví dụ: Mr Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year
➨ Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher
➨ Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher
2 Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.
Ví dụ: She can’t come to my birthday party That makes me sad → She can’t come
to my birthday party, which makes me sad
3 Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.
Ví dụ: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party
4 Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ:whom, which.
Ví dụ: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend The book you lent me was very interesting
5 Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … có thể được dùng trước whom, which và whose.
Ví dụ 1: I have two sisters, both of whom are students She tried on three dresses,
none of which fitted her
Ví dụ 2: Daisy has three brothers All of them are teachers -> Daisy has three
brothers, all of whom are teachers
Ví dụ 3: He asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them -> He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer
6 KHÔNG dùng THAT, WHO sau giới từ.
Ví dụ: The house in that I was born is for sale
EXERCISE 1:
Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành các câu sau hoặc chọn đáp án có câu gần nghĩa nhất với câu gốc:
1 She is talking about the author book is one of the best-sellers
this year
A which B whose C that D who
2 He bought all the books are needed for the next exam
Trang 5A that B what C those D who
3 The children, parents are famous teachers, are taught well
A that B whom C whose D their
4 Do you know the boy we met at the party last week?
A which B whose C who D whom
5 The exercises which we are doing very easy
A is B has been C are D was
6 The man _next to me kept talking during the film, _really annoyed me
A having sat / that B sitting / which
C to sit / what D sitting / who
7 Was Neil Armstrong the first person foot on the moon?
A set B setting C to set D who was set
8 This is the village in my family and I have lived for over 20 years
A which B that C whom D where
9 My mother, everyone admires, is a famous teacher
A where B whom C which D whose
10 The old building is in front of my house fell down
A of which B which C whose D whom
11 We need a teacher native language is English
A who B whose C whom D that
12 I bought a T- shirt is very nice
A who B whose C whom D that
l3 The woman, was sitting in the meeting hall, didn't seem friendly to us at all
A who B whom C where D when
14 The man with I have been working is very friendly
A who B that C which D whom
15 We'll come in May the schools are on holiday
A that B where C which D when
EXERCISE 2 Chọn đáp án có lỗi sai cần được sửavà sửa lại:
1 The man for (A) who the police (B) are looking (C) robbed (D) the bank last week.
2 Today, (A) the number of people (B) whom moved into this city (C) is almost double (D) that of twenty years ago.
3 They work (A) with (B) a person (C) his name (D) is John.
4 (A) The man (B) whom you (C) are looking for (D) living in this neighborhood.
5 (A) His father warned (B) him not (C) repeating (D) that mistake again.
6 My mother (A) will fly to Ha Noi, (B) that is (C) the capital city (D) of Vietnam.
7 She (A) is (B) the most beautiful girl (C) whose I have (D) ever met.
8 Every student (A) who (B) majors in English (C) are ready to participate (D) in this
contest
9 (A) The policeman must try (B) to catch those people (C) whom drive (D) dangerously.
10 The person (A) about who (B) I told you yesterday (C) is coming here (D) tomorrow.
11 (A) Mother's Day is (B) the day when children show (C) their love to their mother (D) one.
Trang 612 (A) Do you know (B) the reason (C) when we should learn (D) English?
13 (A) That is the (B) woman who (C) she told me (D) the news
14 It is (A) complicated (B) because pollution (C) is caused by things (D) when benefit people.
15 (A) New Year Day is the day (B) where my family members (C) gather and enjoy it (D) together.
I Fill each blank with who, whom, whose, which, …
1 He knows a lot of people live in Dalat.
2 Where is the book he gave you on your birthday ?
3 A deaf person is the one is not able to hear.
4 I met the girl you talked about last night.
5 This is the woman daughter is a doctor
6 I can’t come to your party, is a pity
7 What’s the name of the girl house has just been sold ?
8 The boy broke the window was arrested.
9 The man we met is working in my office.
10 The boy sister works for your father is my classleader.
11 We will soon gather at the village the festival is taking place.
12 Do you know the mane of the tourist _ came and talked about New Year in
Canada?
13 I’m looking for a book _ tells us about traditional festivals of Asian
people
14 I couldn’t go to the show was held in Hoi An last summer.
15 This is the photo of a Hero _our teacher talked about in the lecture.
16 My brother has told me about the festival _ is held in Hue City every two
years
17 I recently visited the school I used to study five years ago.
18 I couldn’t understand the dance _ I saw at the festival last spring.
19 I’m really intersted in the present you gave me on my birthday.
20 Have you seen the photos I took at the camp last week.
II Choose the best answer:
1 He came and didn’t say anything, worried all of us.
2 Marie, I met at the party, called me last night.
3 She’s the woman sister babysits for us.
4 The story - the teacher told us was very interesting.
5 Do you know the girl - is talking to them.
6 The test - the teacher gave us yesterday was very difficult.
7 The people - I met at his family were very nice.
a who b they c whom d which
Trang 78. Yoko told me about students have taken the entrance exam 13 times.
9. The secretary I talked to didn't know where the meeting was
10 I need to talk to a person you can trust You will feel better if you do.
11 Bob is the kind of person to one can talk about anything
12 He is a person friends trust him.
13. Fm looking for an electric can opener also can sharpen knives
14. People live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones
15. The problems Tony has seem insurmountable
16. The man I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the
university
17. Cathy is trustworthy She's a person upon You can always depend
18. Your career should focus on a field in you are genuinely interested
19. People outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people
20 Ms Donaldson, teaches linguistics at the university, recently received
recognition for her research
21 The earth, is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, is the third planet
from the sun
22 The check I gave Oliver was for work he'd done for me.
23. Melanie was looking after a dog leg had been broken in an accident
24 One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel, is a member of the local
council
25 The Titanic, sank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable.
26 The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group, chairman is Sir James
Bex
27 She is one of the few people to I look up.
28 Genghis Khan, _ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in
the Middle Ages
Trang 829 The children _ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school.
A whose B where C who D whom
30 The school programme _ has been interrupted by revision tests requires a
regular course study
31 The girl dress you admire has been working for an export company since she
left school
A who B what C whose D whom
32 The young man was released after the court was found innocent of all the
charges against him
A who B who he C which D whose
33 Is that the same film we watched last year?
34 The girl _ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully.
35 The first television picture _ John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November,
1905 was a boy worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London
A which / whom B who / which C that / whose D that / who
36 Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of
England, _ she still lives, was 100 last year
A that / in which B who / where C that / where D who / that
37 The pollution they were talking is getting worse.
38 Robert Riva, an Italian used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate
under 11's football team
A when B which C where D who
39 When I was at school, there was a girl in my class skin was so sensitive that
she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on
A where B whose C whom D that
40 Unfortunately, the friend with I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so
I'll have to cancel my trip
A who B whom C where D that
41 The new stadium, will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators.
A what B where C when D which
42 Blenheim Palace, _ Churchill was born, is now open to the public
A when B where C which D whose
Trang 943 Post office is a place you can buy stamps, mail letters and packages, and
receive mail
a that b which c where d in which
44 Do you know the date we have to hand in the essay?
a which b in which c on that d when
45 My uncle you met yesterday is a lawyer.
46 The council is in discussion with Lord Thomas, land most of the village is
built on
a, who b whom c whose d that
47 These adults, come to my night class, are very eager to learn.
48 Regina, you have never met before, is a genius in painting.
a that b whose c whom d whoever
49 The paintings Mr Flowers has in his house are worth around $ 100,000.
50 Oxford, attracts many tourists, is often crowded in the summer.
a that b which c whose d where
51 It's the best film has ever been made about madness.
a which b whom c whose d that
52 She cycled from London to Glasgow, is pretty good for a woman of 75.
53 Most folk songs are ballads have simple words and tell simple stories.
a what b when c where d that
54 wins will go on to play Barcelona in the final
a Who b Whoever c Which d Whichever
55 I think the reason we get on so well is that we both enjoy talking.
a why b which c that d what
56 Children diets contain high levels of protein do better in examination.
57 I'm sure that Keith will do well at university, one he goes to.
a which b whichever c where d wherever
III Write all the pronouns possible Write Ø if the sentence is correct without adding a pronoun
1 Las Vegas, is located in the State of Nevada, is well-known for its casinos and night clubs
Trang 102 My uncle, works for a markets research company, is now on a tour of South-East Asian countries
3 This film was made by Steven Spielberg, has won several Oscar prizes
4 Go along this street until you come to the second traffic lights Turn lef and you can see the National Bank, is just opposite the big supermarket
5 Mrs May, husband teaches mathematics in this school, is also a teacher
of English
6 Mr Long, house is next to mine, has been in hospital for a week because
of a car acident
7 She bought me this new pairs of shoes, didn’t fit me well
8 HIs letter, I received two days ao, is full of interesting news
9 My friend Tam, sister is an actress, often gets free tickets for the theater
10 The man to she got married turned out to be a married an with three children
11 Jack, leg is still in bandages, won’t play the next match
12 The London train should arrive at 2.30 is late
13 My sister, you once met, is coming to visit us tomorrow
14 THis case, I carried all the way from the station
15 Amanda, husband died a few months ago, is now looking for a job
16 We talk about the party Sarah wants to organise for my birthday
17 To get to Frank's house, take the main road bypasses the village
18 The paintings Mr Flowers has in his house are worth around £100,000
19 Mrs Richmond is 42, has three children,
20 Don is a friend I stayed with in Australia
21 She was probably the hardest working student I've ever taught
22 Stevenson is an architect designs have won international praise
23 The Roman coins, a local farmer came across in a field, are now displayed in the National Museum
24 Dorothy said something I couldn't hear clearly
25 There was a little we could do to help her
26 He received a low mark for his essay, was only one page long
27 We need to learn from companies trading is more healthy than our own
28 Professor Johnson, I have long admired, is visiting the University next week
29 The man I introduced to you last night may be the next president of the university
30 These walls are all remain of the city
31 He just said anything ……… came into his head
32 Thieves ……… stole paintings from Notfort art gallery have been arrested in Paris
33 It may be the most important decision ……… you will ever take
34 The boy……….took the photograph was paid £100
35 The Southam Chess Club, ……… has more than 50 members, meets weekly
on Friday evenings
36 The clock makes a noise ……… keeps me awake at night
37 I heard many different accents in the room, but none ……… I could identify
as British
38 She is one of the kindest people ……… I know