“I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip.. She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready.. She told Philip she will come to see her as soon
Trang 1Câu Tường Thuật (Reported Speech)
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta cần thay đổi 4 yếu tố:
- Đại từ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu…
- Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
- Trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
- Thì của động từ
I THAY ĐỔI ĐẠI TỪ
1 “I love you”, Peter said to Mary
2 “John stole my money”, Danny said
3 “They are always very kind to me”, Kate said
II THAY ĐỔI TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
Direct Speech Reported Speech
last (week) (the week) before, the previous (week)
next (year) the following (year), the next (year)
1 “I lended Noreen my skirt yesterday”, said Linda
2 “We will meet our new teachers today”, they said
3 “I will travel to the US next month”, Mike said
Trang 2III THAY ĐỔI TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN
Direct Speech Reported Speech
1 “I will put the bag here when I arrive”, said Clara
2 “This book is too expensive for me”, Brennan said
3 “We made these cakes last week”, Glenda and Haleigh said
IV THAY ĐỔI THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ
Quy tắc: Lùi thời gian trước, Lùi cách thức sau
Hiện tại _
Đơn _
Tiếp diễn _
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Hiện tại đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành đơn
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Quá khứ đơn
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Quá khứ hoàn thành đơn
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Tương lai (will)
Can
May
Should
Must
Đôi khi dạng modal verbs + V có thể lùi thành modal verbs + have Vpp, đặc biệt trong các trường hợp giả định, không chắc chắn có thật
LƯU Ý: Các trường hợp không lùi thì:
1 Khi động từ tường thuật chia ở hiện tại
She says, “The bus leaves at 5pm”
2 Khi nội dung tường thuật là một sự thật luôn đúng hoặc vẫn đúng tính ở thời điểm tường thuật
She said, “The sky is blue”
She said, “I work in Korea”
Trang 3Examples:
1 “I have been waiting for you for ages”, Peter said to Mary
2 “Kate was cooking dinner when I came”, Danny said
3 “She will call you when she arrives”, the manager said
4 “It must be awful to live in such a noisy place”, said George
5 “My sister’s going to get married next year”, Joan said
V TƯỜNG THUẬT CÂU KỂ
Phân biệt:
say to somebody that
tell somebody that
VI TƯỜNG THUẬT CÂU HỎI
Câu hỏi gián tiếp KHÔNG CÓ TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ, KHÔNG ĐẢO NGỮ
Các từ để hỏi: ask, want to know, wonder
Hỏi YES/NO Dùng IF/WHETHER
1 “Do you like working in teams?”, Peter asked me
Peter asked me _
2 “Did you enjoy the party?”, Danny asked Peter
Danny wanted to know _
Hỏi WH-word
1 “What time does the train leave?”, Peter asked me
Peter asked me _
2 “Why were you crying yesterday?”, Danny asked Peter
Danny wondered _
VII TƯỜNG THUẬT CÂU YÊU CẦU
Các từ để yêu cầu trong câu gián tiếp: ask/tell somebody (not) to do something
1 “Sit down and stop interrupting!”, said the teacher to the students
2 “You must not enter the area.”, the police said to me
NGOÀI RA, còn có các từ như: order, request, advise, encourage, warn, promise, suggest, urge, exclaim,
thank, admit, deny, …tùy thuộc vào ngữ cảnh câu
Trang 4TỔNG HỢP
direct indirect reported clause
statement ‘I’m tired,’ I said I told them (that) I was tired that-clause
question
‘Are you ready?’ the nurse asked Joel
‘Who are you?’ she asked
The nurse asked Joel if/whether he
was ready
She asked me who I was
if/whether-clause
wh-clause
command ‘Leave at once!’ they
ordered They ordered us to leave at once
to-infinitive
clause
LUYỆN TẬP 1
1 Julia said that she _ there at noon
A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be
2 He _ that he was leaving way that afternoon
3 She said to me that she to me the Sunday before
4 I _ him to sell that old motorbike
5 My parents reminded me the flowers
A remember to plant B plant C to plant D planting
6 I asked Martha to enter law school
A are you planning B whether is she planning C was she planning D if she was planning
7 Nam wanted to know what time
A does the movie begin B did the movie begin C the movie begins D the movie began
8 I wondered _ the right thing
A whether I was doing B if I am doing C was I doing D am I doing
9 The scientist said the earth the sun
Trang 5A goes round B is going around C went around D was going around
10 Peter said that if he rich, he _ a lot
C had been – would have travelled D was – will travel
11 They said that they had been driving through the desert
A the previous day B yesterday C the last day D Sunday previously
12 He asked the children _too much noise
A not to make B not making C don’t make D if they don’t make
13 The man said that money _ the passport to everything
14 The teacher said Columbus _America in 1942
A discovered B had discovered C was discovering D would discover
15 John said he _ her since they school
A hasn’t met – left B hadn’t met – had left C hadn’t met left D didn’t meet – left
16 The woman asked get lunch at school
A can the children B if the children could C if the children can D could the children
17 Laura said that when she _ to school, she saw an accident
A was walking B has walked C had been walking D has been walking
18 He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” – He asked why the final exam
A she took B did she take C she hadn’t taken D she had taken
19 Ba said he some good marks the semester before
20 They told their parents that they _ their best to do the test
21 She asked me where I _ from
22 She _ me whether I liked classical music or not
23 He asked me who the editor of that book
24 He wants to know whether I _ back tomorrow
Trang 6A come B came C will come D would come
25 I wonder why he _ love his family
26 They asked me how many children _
27 Thu said she had been _ the day before
28 The student said that the English test _ the most difficult
29 He wanted to know _ shopping during the previous morning
A if we had been going B that if we had been going
30 He asked me _ Robert and I said I did not know _
A that did I know / who were he B that I knew / who he had been
C if I knew/ who he was D whether I knew / who had he been
31 The mother asked her son _
A where he had been B whether I had been C where has he been D where had he been
32 Martin asked me _
A how is my father B how my father is C how was my father D how my father was
33 The host asked Peter _ tea or coffee
A whether he preferred B that he preferred C did he prefer D if he prefers
34 She asked me _ my holidays _
A where I spent / the previous year B where I had spent/ the previous year
C where I spent / last year D where did I spend / last year
35 He advised _ too far
A her did not go B her do not go C her not to go D she did not go
36 John often says he _ boxing because it _ a cruel sport
A doesn’t like/ is B did not like / were C not liked / had been D had not liked / was
37 Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer _
38 He asked _ him some money
Trang 7A her to lend B she to lend C she has lent D she lends
39 Andrew told me that they _ fish two _ days
A have not eaten / ago B had eaten/ previous C did not eat / before D would not eat / last
40 Jason told me that he _ his best in the exam the _ day
A had done / following B will do / previous C would do/ following D was going / previous
41 John asked me _ in English
A what does this word mean B what that word means
C what did this word mean D what that word meant
42 The mother told her son _ so impolitely
A not behave B not to behave C not behaving D did not behave
43 She said she _ collect it for me after work
44 She said I _ an angel
45 I have ever told you he _ unreliable
46 I told him _ the word to Jane somehow that I _ to reach her during the early hours
A passing / will try B he will pass / tried C to pass/ would try D he pass/have tried
47 Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _
A yesterday B two days ago C the day before D the next day
48 John asked me _ interested in any kind of sports
49 John asked me _ that film the night before
A that I saw B had I seen C if I had seen D if had I seen
50 The guest told the host that _
A I must go now B he must go now C he had to go now D he had to go then
Trang 8LUYỆN TẬP 2
1 “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress
A He asked the waitress bring him some fish soup B He asked the waitress to bring her some fish soup
C He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup D He asked the waitress bring her some fish soup
2 I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
A I asked Nick where was he going B I asked Nick where he was going
C I asked Nick where is he going D I asked Nick where he is going
3 “You’d better apologise for being late,” said my mother
A My mother advised me to apologise for being late B My mother suggested me to apologise for being late
C My mother suggested apologising for being late D My mother warned me to apologise for being late
4 “Don’t open your books,” the teacher said to the pupils
A The teacher told the pupils to not open their books B The teacher told the pupils did not open their books
C The teacher told the pupils not open their books D The teacher told the pupils not to open their books
5 He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring.”
A He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring B He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring
C He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring D he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring
6 “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip
A She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready
B She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready
C She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready
D She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready
7 “I wrote to him yesterday”
A She said to me I wrote to him the day before B She told me she wrote to him yesterday
C She told me she had written to him yesterday D She told me she had written to him the day before
8 “He is talking to your sister”, She said to me
A She told me he was talking to your sister B She told me she was talking to my sister
C She told me he was talking to my sister D She told me he was talking to her sister
9 Miss White said to him, “ Why are you so late? Did your car have a flat fire?”
A Miss White told him why was he so late and did your car have a flat fire
B Miss White asked him why was he so late and did your car have a flat fire
C Miss White asked him why was he so late and if your car have a flat fire
Trang 9D Miss White asked him why he was so late and whether his car had a flat fire
10 He said "If I had enough money, I could buy that dictionary."
A He said if he had enough money, he could buy that dictionary
B He said if he had had enough money, he could buy that dictionary
C He said if he had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary
D He said if he had had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary
11 Tom: “ Why don’t you study hard for the coming exam, Ba”
A Tom advised me not to study hard for the coming exam
B Tom advised me to study hard for the coming exam
C Tom advised Ba not to study hard for the coming exam
D Tom advised Ba to study hard for the coming exam
12 “I’ll tell you about this tomorrow, Mary.” said Tom
A Tom said to Mary that he will tell her about that the next day
B Tom told Mary that I would tell you about that the next day
C Tom told Mary that he would tell her about that the next day
D Tom told Mary that she would tell him about that the next day
13 “I have something to tell you” Kerry said to Cheryl
A Kerry told Cheryl I had something to tell her B Kerry told Chery he had something to tell her
C Kerry told Cheryl she had had something to tell him D Kerry told Cheryl he had had something to tell her
14 He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring.”
A He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring B He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring
C He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring D he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring
15 “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip
A She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready
B She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready
C She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready
D She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready
16 “I wrote to him yesterday”
A She said to me I wrote to him the day before B She told me she wrote to him yesterday
C She told me she had written to him yesterday D She told me she had written to him the day before
17 “He is talking to your sister”, She said to me
Trang 10A She told me he was talking to your sister B She told me she was talking to my sister
C She told me he was talking to my sister D She told me he was talking to her sister
18 “It is the time to check what you have done”, the father said to the boys
A The father said to the boys it was time to check what they have done
B The father told the boys it was time to check what they had done
C The father told the boys it was time to check what they have done
D The father told the boys it is time to check what they had done
19 “You will like my sister when you meet her”
A He told me you will like her sister when you meet her B He told me I will like his sister when I met her
C He told me I would like his sister when I met her D He told me I would be liked his sister when I met her
20 “I didn’t meet Susan last week”
A He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before B He said he hasn’t met Susan last week
C He said he hadn’t met Susan last week D He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before
21 “I didn’t break your watch”
A The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken her watch B The boy asked the girl he hadn’t broken her watch
C The boy told the girl he didn’t break her watch D The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken your watch
22 “I found a lot of mistakes in your plan” Catherine said to Kevin
A Catherine told Kevin she found a lot of mistakes in his plan
B Catherine told Kevin she has found a lot of mistakes in his plan
C Catherine told Kevin she had found a lot of mistakes in his plan
D Catherine told Kevin she had found a lot of mistakes in her plan
23 “I have just seen your mother this morning”
A Laura told Lewis I have just seen your mother this morning
B Laura told Lewis she had just seen his mother that morning
C Laura told Lewis she has just seen his mother that morning
D Laura told Lewis he had just seen her mother that morning
24 “We are ready to come with our friends”
A They told us they are ready to come with their friends
B They told us they were ready to come with our friends
C They told us we were ready to come with our friends
D They told us they were ready to come with their friends