Use Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong lúc nói now, at the moment, at thistime, at present….. Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tạinever, ever, not…yet
Trang 1LESSON 1: VERB FORMS (V-ing/ To V)
1 Gerund (V-ing)
a Thường theo sau các động từ như: love, enjoy, mind, can’t stand, practice,suggest, keep, regret, fancy, finish, avoid, carry on,……
Ex: - I enjoy playing soccer.
- My uncle kept talking about his farmlife.
b Thường theo sau các giới từ: in, on, at, of, for,……
Ex: - The children are interested in playing soccer.
- He has the trouble with doing this research.
2 To-Infinitive (to-V)
Thường theo sau các động từ như: want, decide, try, fail, pretend, prove, hope,agree, promise, happen, tend, plan,…
Ex: - We all want to become better students.
- She decided to live in HCM city.
3 S + V + 0 + to-inf….
Thường theo sau các động từ như: ask, want, get, tell, advise, allow, persuade,order, invite,…
Ex:- My parents always want me to be a doctor.
- Nga asked Lan to return her book.
4 Notes
- stop + V-ing: dừng hành động
đang làm
Ex: Stop making noise, please!
-stop + to V: dừng lại để làm việc
khác
Ex: She stopped to talk to him.
- try + V-ing: thử làm điều gì
Ex:He tries writing with his left hand. - try + to V: cố gắng làm việc gìEx: We try to get high marks.
- remember +V-ing: nhớ đã làm đ.
gì
Ex: I remember locking the door before
I left
- remember + to V: nhớ phải làm gì
Ex: I remember to call him.
- forget + V-ing: quên điều gì đã
làm
Ex: I forgot meeting her.
- forget + to V: quên làm điều gì
Ex: I forgot to shut the window.
LESSON 2: EXERCISES (V-ing/ To V)
I/ Choose the correct word to complete each sentence
1 Are we allowed dictionaries in the exam room?
4 Reading stories in English helps us our writing skill
A improve/ to improve B improving
5 I hope better grades in English next semester
Trang 2A to take B taking
II/ Write the correct form of a verb from the box in each blank
help learn work take play
use operate switch off bring not cry
1 Do you like _ in a team
2 When did you start _ French?
3 I’ve decided a temporary job at a supermarket
4 I don’t mind _ you if you’re tired
5 Lam enjoys _ for his school’s soccer team
6 I could see she was very sad When talking to me, she tries
7 Why did your uncle stop his business?
8 Don’t forget _ your dictionary to our English class tomorrow
9 Remember the lights before you leave the classroom
10 Teacher to students: You are not allowed this door
LESSON 3: THE PRESENT SIMPLE, THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
I The Present Simple Tense
1 Form to be
- Affirmative: S + V1… S + am/is/are……
- Negative: S + do/does + not + V… S + am/is/are + not…
- Interrogative: Do/Does + S + V….? Am/Is/Are + S ….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động hoặc một thói quen ở hiện tại (always, usually,often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, every…….)
Ex: I usually go to school in the afternoon
b Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật lúc nào cũng đúng
Ex: The earth moves around the sun
3 Đối với ngôi thứ ba số ít: He, She, It.
a Thêm “S” vào sau động từ thường.
Ex: Lan often gets up early in the morning
b Thêm “ES” vào sau các động từ tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, o, z.
Ex: He watches a lot of TV on Sundays
II The Present Progressive Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + am/is/are + V-ing……
- Negative: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing…
- Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing ….?
2 Use
Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong lúc nói (now, at the moment, at thistime, at present….)
Ex: - I am looking for the latest newspaper now
- They are watching a sport game show at the moment
3 Note:
Một số động từ không dùng ở thì Present Progressive, mà chỉ dùng ở thì
Present Simple: to be, to want, to need, to have (có), to know, to understand…
Ex: - We are tenth-grade students now
- I understand the lesson at the moment
Trang 3Grammar Exercises
LESSON 4: THE PRESENT PERFECT + EXERCISES
The Present Perfect Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + has/have +V3/ed…
- Negative: S + has/have + not + V3/ed…
- Interrogative: Has/Have + S + V3/ed….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại(never, ever, not…yet, since, for, so far, until now, up to now,…….)
Ex: We have learnt English for 5 years
b Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra (just, recently, lately)
Ex: She has just gone out
c Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời
gian (already, before)
Ex: Have you seen this movie before?
3 Notes
a Cách dùng của since và for
- SINCE: chỉ mốc thời gian (2000, September, I last saw you, …)
- FOR: chỉ khoảng thời gian (3 months, a long time, ages, …)
b S + has/have +V3/ed…… since + S + V2/ed….
Ex: We have known each other since we worked in this factory
c Các trạng từ: never, ever, just, already thường đứng giữa trợ động từ
(has/ have) và động từ chính (V3/ed)
Ex: I have already finished my homework.
EXERCISES
Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense:
1 He (practice) _ the piano every day
2 I (believe) you
3 Bob (see) this movie before
4 Jorge (read) the newspaper already
5 Maria (have) _ a cold now
6 He (swim) _ right now
7 Mr Johnson (work) in the same place for 35 years
8 We (not begin) _ to study for the test yet
9 John (hate) smoke
10 Jill always (get up) at 6.00 a.m
11 Joan (travel) _ around the world
12 We (not see) _ this movie yet
13 Terry (mow) the lawn yet
14 John and I (be) pen pals for nearly 3 years
15 Maryam (stay) with us at the moment
16 He (wear) _ the same coat since he (move) _ here
17 I (not see) _ your brother recently
18 Listen to those people! What language they (speak) _?
19 It (not rain) much in our country in winter
20 I never (talk) _ to such an interesting person
LESSON 5: THE PAST SIMPLE, THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
AND THE PAST PERFECT
Trang 4I The Past Simple Tense
1 Form to be
- Affirmative: S + V2/ed… S + was/were……
- Negative: S + did + not + V… S + was/were + not…
- Interrogative: Did + S + V….? Was/Were + S ….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ xác định rõ thời gian
(yesterday, ago, last……, in the past, in 1990)
Ex: - My father bought this house 10 years ago
- Mr Nam worked here in 1999
b Diễn tả một loạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ
Ex: - Last night, I had dinner, did my homework, watched TV and went to bed
- When she came here in 1990, she worked as a teacher
II The Past Progressive Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + was/were + V-ing…
- Negative: S + was/were + not + V-ing…
- Interrogative: Was/Were + S + V-ing….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Ex: They were playing chess at 4 o’clock yesterday
b Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra có một hành động khác xen vào
trong quá khứ (when, while, as) Hành động đang xảy ra dùng thì Past Progressive, hành động xen vào ra dùng thì Past Simple.
Ex: - I was studying my lessons when he came
- We saw him while we were walking along the street
III The Past Perfect Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + had + V3/ed…
- Negative: S + had + not + V3/ed…
- Interrogative: Had + S + V3/ed….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Ex: By the end of last month, she had made 4 skirts
b Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành độngkhác trong quá khứ (before, after, by the time) Hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì
Past Perfect, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì Past Simple.
Ex: - After Nam had done his homework, he went to bed
- They had lived in Dong Thap before they moved to HCM city
LESSON 6: THE FUTURE SIMPLE + EXERCISES
The Future Simple Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + will/shall + Vo….
- Negative: S + will/shall + not + Vo…
Trang 5Grammar Exercises
- Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + Vo….?
(will not = won’t; shall not = shan’t)
2 Use
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở tương lai (tomorrow, in the future, next… ),
không có dự định trước
Ex: It will rain tomorrow
3 Notes
a Trong câu nghi vấn, chúng ta chỉ dùng Shall I/Shall We… ?
Ex: Shall we go out for a dinner tonight?
b be going + Vo: Diễn tả một dự định ở tương lai.
Ex: I am going to play volleyball on Sunday
EXERCISES
Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense:
1 They (drive) to school tomorrow
2 Gene (eat) dinner when his friend called
3 At three o’clock this morning, Eleanor (study)
4 John (write) his report last night
5 After John (wash) _ his clothes, he began to study
6 Tim (go) to France last year
7 When the teacher (enter) _the room, the students were talking
8 We (hold) _ a soccer match next Sunday
9 Guillermo (call) _ his employer yesterday
10 Jane sent a letter to his university after she (receive) _ her scholarship check
11 The car (flip) ten times before it landed on its roof
12 While Joan was writing the report, Henry (look) _ for more information
13 What you (do) last weekend?
14 Mr and Mrs Ba (take) _ some beautiful photos a few days ago
15 Her brother (talk) _ to his pen pal on the phone at the moment
16 They (not contact) _ to each other for a long time
17 Nothing (be) done since I moved here
18 I used to walk to school when I (be) _ in primary school
19 He (go) _ to that book shop tomorrow
20 Lan (drink) _ two bottles of water every day
21 She (be) a Vietnamese student She (be) _ born in Ho Chi Minh city.She (go) abroad last year to study English She (learn) Frenchbefore she began to study English She (make) _ great progress since she(get) there Next month, she will take the final exam She (be) _able to get a good job when she (return) _ to Vietnam
LESSON 7: USED TO + Infinitive
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + used to + Vo ……
- Negative: S + didn’t + use to + Vo…
- Interrogative: Did + S + use to + Vo….?
2 Use Diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ (đã chấm dứt ở hiện tại) Ex: His father used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day
His father didn’t use to smoke 20 cigarettes a day
Did his father use to smoke 20 cigarettes a day?
3 Note: Be used to + V-ing: diễn tả đã quen với việc gì đĩ ở hiện tại.
Trang 6Ex: He is used to staying up late at nights.
EXERCISES
I/ Change into Negative and Interrogative forms:
1 They used to play soccer twice a week
II/ Rewrite the following sentences, using “USED TO”
1 They often went to Da Lat in the summer
Bắt đầu bằng các từ để hỏi như: Who, whom, which, what, whose, when, where, why,
how (old, long, far, much, many,…… )
Question Word To ask about
Who/Whom Which What Whose When Where Why How
people choices people, animals, facts, events possession
time places reasons manner, quality
1 Với động từ “to be”:
Wh- + Be + S ?
Ex: Who are you?
Trang 7Grammar Exercises
2 Với trợ động từ (Auxiliary verbs): am/is/are, was/were, has/have, had hoặc động
từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs): can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must,….
Wh- + Aux + S + V….?
Ex: What will you buy for your daughter?
3 Với động từ thường:
8 I had to take an English course in the evening.
II/ Imagine you’re interviewing Johnson Morgan Make questions to complete the dialogue.
John Morgan is working for Stevenson Hotel He was born in 1973 in California and got an MBA from UCLA in 2002 After three years’ working as a scales manager for his uncle’s trading company,
he got a job as a house manager of Stevenson Hotel He is responsible for all six in-house departments and makes sure that the hotel stay profitable.
Trang 8-LESSON 9: BECAUSE OF – INSPITE OF/ DESPITE
I Adverb Phrase of Reason: Because of
Ex: - I can’t go to school yesterday because I am sick
I can’t go to school because of my sickness
- Nam missed the bus because he got up late.
Because of getting up late, Nam missed the bus
Because of + Noun/ Noun Phrase (reason)
II Adverb Phrase of Concession: Inspite of/ Despite
Ex: - The woman tries to climb the mountain even though she is old
The woman tries to climb the mountain inspite of her old age
- Although Nga is tired, she still begins her work on time.
Despite being tired, Nga still begins her work on time
Inspite of/ Despite + Noun/ Noun Phrase (concession)
EXERCISES
I/ Supply either because or because of as appropriate
1 It was difficult to deliver the letter the sender had written the wrong address
on the envelope
2 We decided to leave early _ the party was boring
3 Rescue attempts were temporarily halted the bad weather
4 They visited their friends often they enjoyed their company
5 Paul cannot go to the football game _ his grades
6 Marcella was awarded a scholarship _ her superior scholastic ability
7 Nobody ventured outdoors the hurricane warnings
8 We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains the air is purer there
9 We have to drive around the bay the bridge was destroyed in the storm
10 The chickens have died the intense heat
II/ Change the sentences to incorporate the expressions in parentheses.
1 Despite her dislikes for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm (although)
Trang 91 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang : “said” hoặc “told”.
2 Khi đổi câu trực tiếp (Statements) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố là ngôi, thì của
động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
a Ngôi:
- Đổi ngôi thứ NHẤT (I, we) phù hợp với CHỦ ngữØ trong mệnh đề chính
- Đổi ngôi thứ HAI ( You) phù hợp với tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính
- Ngôi thứ BA ( she, he, it, they)không đổi
Ex: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week
b Thì của động từ: ( lùi xuống 1 thì)
1 Present Simple:V1
2 Present Progressive: am/is/are+V-ing
3 Present Perfect: has/have + V3/ed
4 Past Simple: V2/ed
5 Past Progressive: was/were + V-ing
6 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
7 Future Simple: will/shall + Vo
3 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
4 Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
Ex: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
c Trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
1 today/tonight
2 yesterday 1 that day/ that night2 the day before
Trang 106 the following day
7 the following week
8 that
9 those
10 there
Ex: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
S + said (to + O) + that S + V……
S + told + O + that S + V…
Subject Object Possessive
Adjective Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun
You you your yours yourself
She her her hers herself
We us our ours ourselves
You you your yours yourselves
They them their theirs themselves
LESSON 12: REPORTED SPEECH (INDIRECT SPEECH)
YES/NO QUESTIONS
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang : “asked”
2 Thêm if hoặc whether vào trước câu gián tiếp.
3 Đổi câu hỏi ra thành câu xác định
4 Khi đổi câu hỏi Có/Không (Yes/No Questions) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố
là ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn (see Lesson 10 –
2)
Ex: He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
He asked me if/whether I would go with her father the following week.
S + asked + O + if/whether + S + V…
-LESSON 11: EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS)
Change these sentences into Reported Speech:
1 Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7
Trang 11LESSON 13: EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS)
Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1 “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang : “asked”
2 Giữ nguyên nghi vấn tự: Who, What, Where, How………
3 Đổi câu hỏi ra thành câu xác định
4 Khi đổi câu hỏi (Wh-Questions) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố là
ngôi,
thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn (see Lesson 10 – 2)
Ex: He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before.
Trang 12S + asked + O + wh- + S + V…
LESSON 15: EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS)
Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1 “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
Trang 13Grammar Exercises
LESSON 16: REPORTED SPEECH (INDIRECT SPEECH)
IMPERATIVES ( câu mệnh lệnh)
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang : “asked, told, ordered, advised…….”
2 – Nếu là câu ra lệnh khẳng định Thêm to vào trước động từ.
Ex: He said to me “Give your toys to her, please!”
He asked me to give my toys to her.
– Nếu là câu ra lệnh phủ định Thêm not to vào trước động từ.
Ex: He said to me “Don’t open this book now.”
He asked me not to open that book then.
3 Khi đổi câu ra lệnh (Imperatives) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi HAI yếu tố là ngôi,
và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
Ex: He said to me “Don’t open this book now.”
He asked me not to open that book then.
S + asked + O + (not) to V…
LESSON 17: EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: IMPERATIVES)
Change these sentences into Reported Speech:
1 My husband said to me “Go to the
8 He told “Come at 5 o’clock!”………
9 They ordered “Pay at one!”………
10 The teacher said to them “Do it
Trang 14Choose the best option that best completes each sentence:
1 My friend _ to the museum last weekend.
2 Thu and Lan close friends for years.
3 Our Singaporean friends _ to visit our school last year.
4 We _ Malaysia last summer.
A visited B were visiting C are visiting D have visited
5 The students used to football in that stadium.
6 Her parents want him _ some good books to read.
7 Would you like _ and visit my country?
8 The children their parents for a long time.
A didn’t see B haven’t seen C don’t see D haven’t see
9 I and Kenny penpal friends since I Singapore.
A are-visit B were-visited C have been-visited D were-have visited
10 My children are lucky _ the chance to visit the capital again.
11 The children enjoy with their friends through computers.
12 Her father used to _ abroad for his business.
13 The kids _ that show before.
A didn’t see B don’t see C aren’t seeing D haven’t seen
14 How often you sports? –Twice a week.
15 How long _ you _ for me?-For an hour.
16 Since the worldwide recession of the 1990’s, the sail of jeans growing.
17 In some countries, uniforms is compulsory in schools.
18 Vietnamese women _ very proud of their ao dai.
19 Vietnamese women can continue _ the unique and fashionable “ao dai”.
20 Ba said he some good marks last semester.
21 They asked me how many children _
22 Thu said she had been _ the day before.
23 You should practice _ English to talk to your foreign friends.
24 My friends practice _ to the radio every day.
25 _ television is also a means of learning English.
26 You should a lot of grammar exercises if you want to improve your writing.
27 Chinese is a difficult language _
A to learn B to be learnt C to be learning D to learning
28 The student said that the English test _ the most difficult.
29 They told their parents that they their best to do the test.
30 Don’t forget _ your dictionary with you to class.
31 Her classmates started _ when she won the race.
32 You should remember your warm clothes when it’s cold.
33 The students stopped when the teacher entered the classroom.
34 There is more population in the city _ there is more traffic in the streets.
Trang 15Grammar Exercises
35 The kids didn’t go to the movie last night it rained so heavily.
36 _ it’s rainy, I walk home with my umbrella.
37 Lan suggested _ to the zoo at weekend.
38 This movie is not interesting How about to the concert?
39 You should _ more books on UFO if you want to know about life on other planets.
40 They _ their friend at the airport tomorrow.
41 What were you doing when he _?
42 There used a movie theater here,but it closed a long time ago.
43 I _ English here since I graduated from university.
44 He used to _ full time, but now he is a part time worker.
45 Let’s somewhere for a drink!
46 She said that she _ learning English with you.
47 She asked me where I _ from.
48 She me whether I liked classical music or not.
49 He asked me who the editor of that book
50 He wants to know whether I _ back tomorrow.
51 I wonder why he love his family.
52 I remember _ her somewhere.
53 She forgot _ off the gas before going out.
54 I suggest money for the poor people in our neighborhood.
55 He got wet _ he forgot his umbrella.
56 We since we left school.
A don’t meet B didn’t meet C won’t meet D haven’t met
57 laugh at me.
58 Tidal waves _ the result of an abrupt shift in the underwater movement of the Earth.
59 My parents do not allow me _, so I had to stay home.
60 Do you think you will be able a space trip?
LESSON 19: PASSIVE VOICE
The Passive Voice
1 Form
Active: S + V + O + ……
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V O
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S be V3/ed by O
2 Rules Khi đổi từ chủ động sang bị động, ta chú ý các bước sau:
a Xác định S (Chủ từ), V (Động từ), O (Túc từ) và thì của động từ trong câu chủ
động.
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
Trang 16S V1 O
b Đem O lên làm S, chuyển S xuống làm O đặt sau by.
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S by O
c Thêm động từ to be (phù hợp với thì của động từ trong câu chủ động), và
chuyển động từ chính sang V3/ed.
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
be V3/ed
3 Notes:
a Trong trường hợp có liên từ and và giới từ of, ta phải xác định đầy đủ chủ từ
hoặc túc từ khi chuyển đổi.
Ex:- Active: He and I see the film
Passive: The film is seen by him and me.
- Active: He bought a box of chocolates last week
Passive: A box of chocolates was bought last week
b Trong câu bị động: by O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) và
trước adverbs of time (trạng từ chỉ thời gian).
Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
adv of place by O adv of time
c Trong câu bị động, ta có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone….
Ex: Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
d Trong các thì có các trợ động từ (Auxiliary verbs) như: am/ is/ are, was/ were, has/
have, had……
Active: S + Aux + V + O + ……
Passive: S + Aux + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: - Active: They have built a new bridge across the river.
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed
S + has/have + V3/ed + O S + has/have + been + V3/ed
S + V2/ed + O S + was/were +V3/ed
S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being +V3/ed
S + had + V3/ed + O S + had + been + V3/ed
S + will/shall + Vo + O S + will/shall + be +V3/ed
LESSON 20: EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE)
I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice
1 Somebody has robbed the bank near our house
Trang 17II/ Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct active or passive voice
1 Last night my favorite program (interrupt) by a special news bulletin
2 When I (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I (meet) by mycousin and a couple of friends
3 Kim (write) this composition last week That one _ (write) byPhi
4 I don’t have my bicycle today It’s with the repairman It (repair) right now
5 Someone has bought the small lot behind my house and a new house _(build) on it next year
6 A: Do you understand the explanation in the book?
B: No, I don’t I _ (confuse)
7 A: When your bike _ (steal)?
B: Two days ago
8 A: you _ (pay) your electricity yet?
B: No I haven’t but I’d better pay it today If I don’t, my electricity supply (shut off) by the power company
9 A: Did you hear about the accident?
B: No What (happen)?
A: A bicyclist _ (hit) by a taxi in front of the dorm
B: _ the bicyclist (injure)?
A: Yes He _ (take) to City Hospital
10 The Eiffel Tower _ (be) in Paris, France It _ (visit) by millions ofpeople every year It _ (design) by Alexandre Eiffel (1832-1923).It _ (erect) in 1889 for the Paris exposition Since that time, it _(be) the most famous landmark in Paris Today it (recognize) by peoplethroughout the world
LESSON 21: PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS + EXERCISES
Passive Voice of Modal Verbs
Các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như: can, could, will, would, shall,
should, may, might, must, had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to,
…
Active: S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + ……
Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now
Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month
S modal verb be V-ed by O
EXERCISES
Trang 18Change these sentences into the passive voice
1 People should send their complaints to the main office
-LESSON 22: SPECIAL PASSIVE VOICE + EXERCISES
I Thể bị động của câu phủ định và nghi vấn:
Ex: - (A) Mai doesn’t write this letter
(P) This letter isn’t written by Mai
- (A) They didn’t watch the fashion show last night
(P) The fashion show wasn’t watched last night
- (A) Did your father make this chair?
(P) Was this chair made by your father?
- (A) Who repaired your bicycle?
(P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by?
(By whom was your bicycle repaired?)
- (A) What plays did Shakespeare write?
(P) What plays were written by Shakespeare?
II Động từ có hai túc từ:
1 Động từ cần giới từ TO: give, lend, send, show, …
Ex: - (A) John will give me this book (=John will give this book to me.)
(P1) I will be given this book by John
(P2) This book will be given to me by John.
2 Động từ cần giới từ FOR: buy, make, get, …
Ex: - (A) He bought her a rose (=He bought a rose for her.)
(P1) She was bought a rose
(P2) A rose was bought for her.
Trang 19Grammar Exercises
III Cấu trúc They/People say/think/believe… that … Ex: - (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day (P1) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day (P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day. - (A) They thought that Mary had gone away (P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away (P2) Mary was thought to have gone away IV Các đại từ bất định: No one, Nobody, Nothing,………
Ex: - (A) No one can answer this question (P) This question can’t be answered - (A) They haven’t done anything (P) Nothing has been done EXERCISES Change these sentences into the passive voice 1 Nobody sent us any tickets.………
………
2 Has someone decorated my bedroom?………
………
3 Did anything disturb you in the night?………
………
4 Nobody has invited her to the party.………
………
5 She teaches grammar and writing.………
………
6 People say that you send your application form to the university ……….………
7 They elect Thu the leader of the group.………
………
8 I don’t see anyone in the house.………
………
9 Lan bought her brother some comic books.……….………
10 The students don’t play video games on the weekend.………
……….………
11 They believed that he went abroad to study English ………… ……… ………
………
LESSON 23: RELATIVE CLAUSES
I Mệnh đề tính từ hay mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ nó phụ nghĩa,
được nối bằng các đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN
1 WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH
Ex: - I need to meet the boy The boy is my friend’s son
I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son
- The woman is standing over there She is my sister
The woman who is standing over there is my sister
2 WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH
Ex:- I know the girl I spoke to this girl
I know the girl whom I spoke to
- The man is my teacher Your father is talking to him
Trang 20 The man whom your father is talking to is my teacher.
3 WHICH: thay thế cho vật, đồ vật; làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH
Ex: - She works for a company It makes cars
She works for a company which makes cars
- The elephants are big People keep the elephants in iron cages
The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big
4 THAT: thay thế cho người, vật; làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH
Ex: - I need to meet the boy that is my friend’s son
- The woman that is standing over there is my sister
- I know the girl that I spoke to
- The man that your father is talking to is my teacher
- She works for a company that makes cars
- The elephants that people keep in iron cages are big
5 WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-) Ex: - John found the cat Its leg was broken
John found the cat whose leg /(the leg of which) was broken
- This is the student I borrowed his book
This is the student whose book I borrowed
6 WHERE: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn: there, at that place
Ex: - The movie theater is the place We can see films at that place
The movie theater is the place where we can see films
7 WHY: thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do: for that reason
Ex: - Tell me the reason You are so sad for that reason
Tell me the reason why you are so sad
8 WHEN: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian: then, at that time, on that day
Ex: - Do you remember the day We first met on that day
Do you remember the day when we first met ?
I
I Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính từ: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: - The man speaks English very fast I talked to him last night.
The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast
- The house is for sale I was born in it.
The house in which I was born is for sale
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.
The house in that I was born is for sale
III OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: - Daisy has three brothers All of them are teachers.
Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers
- He asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them.
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer
-LESSON 24: EXERCISES (RELATIVE CLAUSES)
I/ Circle the letter of the correct answer to complete the sentence
Trang 21Grammar Exercises
1 That’s my friend _ comes from Japan
2 The plants which in the living room need a lot of water
3 She’s the woman _ sister looks after the baby for us
4 That’s the doctor for Cliff works
5 Marie, I met at the party, called me last night
6 I remember Alice, rode the bus to school with
7 I used to enjoy the summer, we had a big family picnic
8 Tell me about the city you grew up
9 Anna found the book that wanted at the bookshop
10 Please remember to take back to the library all the books _ are due thisweek
II/ Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1 The girl chatted with him yesterday She arrived here at 6:30
12 Children like to eat ice-cream It can cause toothache
LESSON 25: RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I Restrictive Relative Clauses
Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ Nếu bỏ đimệnh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa
Ex: - I saw the girl She helped us last week.
I saw the girl who/that helped us last week
II Non-restritive Relative Clauses
Trang 22Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ, là phầngiải thích thêm Nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa Mệnh đề này thường
được tách khỏi mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy “,”.
Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi:
- Trước danh từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…
- Từ quan hệ là tên riêng hoặc danh từ riêng
Ex: - My father is a doctor He is fifty years old.
My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor
- Mr Brown is a very nice teacher We studied English with him.
Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher
* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT trong MĐQH không hạn định.
Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher
III Relative Pronoun THAT
* Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:
a Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
b Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody,……
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
c Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY:
Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
- All that is mine is yours.
- You are the only person that can help us.
d Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
(Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:
- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định (xem LƯU Ý mục II)
- Sau giới từ (xem LƯU Ý Lesson 5 mục II)
EXERCISES
I/ Underline the relative clauses in the sentences Then add commas to separate the Non-restrictive relative clauses.
1 The man who is talking to the principal is our form teacher
2 The boys who are sitting in the first row will receive the medals
3 The students who are in the grade 10th are going to clean the school yard
4 The animals which are kept in iron cages will be carried back to the forest
5 Mr Tan who is our gymaster is very thin and tall
6 The book which we borrowed from the library must be returned by Monday
7 The little boy who is crying over there lost his way
8 Mrs Van who lives next door to Hoa works at the television station
9 The dog which has some black spots is Ba’s
10 My mother bought the shoes which were made from Hong Kong
II/ Combine the two sentences by using a relative clause Some clauses need commas, some do not:
1 The lady is a famous writer You met her at the party last night
Trang 23LESSON 26: REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES + EXERCISES
Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ thành cụm tính từ:
I Dùng V-ing hoặc bỏ BE
Khi động từ chính trong mệnh đề tính từ ở thể CHỦ ĐỘNG hoặc là BE
Ex: - Those people who are taking photos over there come from Sweden
Those people taking photos over there come from Sweden.
- Fans who want to buy tickets started queuing early
Fans wanting to buy tickets started queuing early.
- The books which are on that shelf are mine
The books on that shelf are mine
II Dùng V3/ed
Khi động từ chính trong mệnh đề tính từ ở thể BỊ ĐỘNG
Ex: - The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
- Most students who were punished last week are lazy
Most students punished last week are lazy.
EXERCISES
I/ Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1 Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
9 The winner of the marathon, who was breathing deeply and smiling at the crowd, raised
her right hand and waved
……….………
………
10 Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.
……….………