THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING - Nguyen Van Tuyen ESTABLISH THE STRUCTURAL PLANNING OF URBAN GREEN CORRIDOR IN HANOI CITY Major: URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Code: 62.58.01.05 Summary of Doctoral dissertation Ha Noi - 2018 The project was completed at the National University of Civil Engineering Science Instructor: Ass Prof, Dr Pham Hung Cuong Reviewer 1: Prof, Dr Hoang Dao Kinh Reviewer 2: Prof, Dr Le Hong Ke Reviewer 3: Prof, Dr Nguyen Quoc Thong The dissertation will be defended in front of the State Dissertation Review Board in meeting at the National University of Civil Engineering at the time of hours date month 2018 This dissertation can be found at the National Library and Library of national University of Civil Engineering INSTRUCTION Reason for choosing topic Hanoi is the capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Hanoi is the political, economic and cultural center of the Red River Delta area and Vietnam Hanoi with more than 7.5 million people is a place full of practical issues, mechanisms and policies; human resources, finance, science, technology and culture; is the aspiration and model of development of the country In Hanoi city, due to rapid urbanization, problems arising in the process of industrialization associated with the shift of the economy from agriculture to industry and services leading to more and more serious urban environmental pollution Hanoi City is the first large urban center in Vietnam to adopt the Green Corridor model in the orientation of urban development According to the master plan approved in 2011, the Hanoi capital has adopted the Green Corridor planning solution, but this solution is only a practical proposal, not yet scientifically and practically proven Hanoi City is the first large urban center in Vietnam to adopt the Green Corridor model in the orientation of urban development According to the master plan approved in 2011, the Hanoi capital has adopted the Green Corridor planning solution, but this solution is only a practical proposal, not yet scientifically and practically proven In terms of science, the creation of the Green Corridor in urban planning structure has been successfully applied to many big cities in the world The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor has many different types of structures associated with specific natural and socio-economic conditions of each urban area The benefits of the Green Corridor make it a major natural area that balances the urban environment, creats connection between urban with peri-urban and agricultural suburban areas At the same time, the Green Corridor also facilitates to establish the rigorous management policies in order to limit the development of central cities, avoid spontaneous urban expansion, which reduces the access of natural environments to urban However, the concept of Green Corridor, the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Vietnam is not fully understood, lack of scientific basis to establish, the proposed structural solution is not suitable to the specific urban conditions of Vietnam In term of practice, unlike most developing countries which applied successfully the model, the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in general planning structure of Hanoi city still has many inadequacies and potential to break the proposed planning structure In the area where the Green Corridor project is expected to establish, im Ha Noi city, there is a dense existence of real estate projects, high population densities and many other forms of development With effects of urbanization, natural green areas are tending to be narrowed, urban environments are polluted, natural ecosystems are seriously reduced, etc, urban is tending to develop along traffic axis which is difficult to control.This is a characteristic of Hanoi city, as well as large urban areas of Vietnam at present, it is necessary to have systematic studies to test the model of the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor applied Lessons learned in countries that have established the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in practice show that maintenance of the Green Corridor area in urban general planning structure is complex and difficult to control (like London); The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor is limited to planning schemes without specific functional model orientation studies that will have to change the structure (like Tokyo); Strong policy measures are needed to maintain and develop new green areas as planned (like Seoul); There should be a policy solution that flexibly adjusts the conflicts caused by the development process (like Beijing) Therefore, the research "Establish the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Ha Noi city" is very urgent and practical, meeting practical requirements on the practicality and effectiveness of urban planning and management Research object and scope a Research object: the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Ha Noi city b Research scope: Spatial scope: The entire administrative boundary of Hanoi city; It focuses on the suburban area Temporal scope: The development phase of Hanoi city from now to 2030 Research objectives a General objective: Recommend solutions to establish the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hanoi city in accordance with the city's natural, cultural and socio-economic conditions, ensuring sustainable urban development b Detail objectives: 1/ Overview of theory and practice of the establishment of the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in the world and in Vietnam; 2/ Creat the scientific basis for the establishment of the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hanoi city; 3/ Propose solutions for establish the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hanoi city The research methods used in the dissertation - Method of analysis, general evaluation and diagnosis; - Method of practical observation and survey; - Forecasting method; - Method of system approach; - Method of comparative comparison; - Method of overlapping maps; - Experimental method - Verification New contribution of doctor dissertation 1/ Recognize the challenges of unsustainable development of Hanoi city in the short term and in the future, from that, it is necessary to prove the strategy of "Establish the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor" as an important solution to ensure sustainable urban development 2/ Research to form the basis of science and methodology to establish the the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor for big cities in Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular 3/ Establish the viewpoints, objectives, principles and solutions to establish the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hanoi city by 2030, thereby revising the Green Corridor approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No 1259 / QD-TTg dated July 26th 2011 Structure of the dissertation Instruction Content consists of chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in the World and in Vietnam; Chapter 2: Scientific basis for establishing the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hanoi city; Chapter 3: Suggestion for establishing the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hanoi city, results of research and discussion Conclusions and recommendations List of works of the author Reference Appendix Scientific and practical significance of the topic a Scientific significance: Apply theory and practice to establish the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in the World and in Vietnam, the dissertation brings out the theory of the Green Corridor planning structurte in urban areas in Vietnam in a sustainable manner b Practical significance: Establish the scientific basis to establish the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Vietnam Urbans, specifically in Hanoi city The dissertation proposes the viewpoints, objectives, principles, scope and solutions to establish the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hanoi city until 2030, and then adjust and finalize the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in the capital general planning approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No 1259 / QD-TTg dated July 26th, 2011 Concepts 8.1 Concept of Green Space, Green Corridor The dissertation has synthesized the concepts of Green Space, Green Corridor, Green Belt, Greeen wedge, Green Route, Green Network, etc in the world The concepts have differences in the type and location.the Green Space in urban structures (results of analysis are presented in Table 1.1) Thereby assessing the concept of the Green Corridor is defined as the broadest concept, covering the remaining concepts; The Green Belt is a type of the Green Corridor structure Table 1.1 Comparison of the Green Corridor structures Concept Feature Green Corridor Green Belt Green Network Greeen wedge Green Route Type Form in the form System Green of strips of green Belt space interwind points encloses system Location in inside or links around separates the urban encloses together central urban outside of into a city developm the green ent central network city 8.2 Concept of planning structure, urban green space structure Linear green space system attaches to the natural terrain planning The dissertation synthesizes and analyzes the concept of structure, urban planning structure and Structural planning of urban green space In particular, the structural planning of green space is part of the urban planning structure Structural planning of urban green corridor: As one of the basic characteristics of the organization of modern urban space, it reflects the layout and interrelationships among the green functional areas, ensuring their proper linkage within a unified green corridor structure and relative stability of interrelationships between the most important areas of the city during development process CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL PLANNING OF URBAN GREEN CORRIDOR IN THE WORLD AND IN VIETNAM 1.1 Structural planning of urban green corridor in the World 1.1.1 Structural planning of urban green corridor in London, England In 1935, the Green Corridor was first proposed in a planning policy of the Planning Commission in Greater London The Green Corridor is structured as the Green Belt structure covering the entire suburban area, with the dominant forest area The indicators of the Green Corridor development control were proposed by the metropolitan government in the "Public Policy Guide 2" (PPG2) The Green Corridor becomes a natural forest area, ecotourism area and amusement park of the city 1.1.2 Structural planning of urban green corridor in Beijing, China The idea of building the Beijing Green Corridor was first proposed in the Beijing City General Planning in 1958 The green corridor structure is in the form of two layers of green belt The first green belt separates and limits the historical and new urban areas The second green belt is proposed outside of the fifth belt road to separate central urban areas and rural areas The Beijing Municipal Government has issued Ordinances to establish the Green Space of the Green Corridor The Green Corridor becomes a forest park, park, agriculture, farm, water surface of the city 1.1.3 Structural planning of urban green corridor in Seoul, Korea The Green Corridor planning was proposed in the Seoul regional planning The Green Corridor model in the Seoul General planning was established on the basis of the Green Corridor idea of the London area (1935) The Green Corridor Structure is in the form of a green belt The Seoul Green Belt Planning becomes a national policy, directed by President Park Chung Hee The Green Corridor becomes a forest park, park, agriculture, farm, water surface of the city 1.1.4 Structural planning of urban green corridor in Tokyo, Japan The Tokyo Green Corridor was applied to the metropolitan regional planning in 1958 There was a change in the structural model from 1958 to 1968 In the proposal of Tokyo Regional Planning in 1958: The Green Corridor structure is in the form of a layer of the Green Belt, is the open space covering the central city In the proposal to adjust the Tokyo regigonal planning in 1968: the Green Corridor is changed from the Green Belt to Green network, including the green point system as the urban park The Green Corridor becomes a forest park, park, agriculture, farm, water surface of the city 1.1.5 General assessment of the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in some cities around the world: From the analysis of the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in the cities of London, Beijing, Seoul, Tokyo, the Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in some cities in the world is as follows: Development objectives: Include the following main objectives: urban development control; To protect and balance the urban environment; Protect agricultural land fund, rural area; Conserve historical and cultural values; Support urban renewal, by encouraging the use of waste land; Create green economic activities to balance the growth of core cities and satellite towns and new urban areas Location, scope: The Green Corridor is larger and larger, the Green Corridor plays role more important in urban development The Green Corridor Structures: the Green Corridor has a variety of structural features such as the Green Corridor Structure as the Green Belt covering suburbs, the Green Corridor Structure as the one-layer Green Belt structure, the Green Corridor Structure as the two-layer Green Belt structure, the Green Corridor is network structure In structural forms, the Green Corridor Structure as the Green Belt is most commonly used and plays a role in controlling urban expansion Functional component: the Green corridor in urban centers in the world are concentrated in the main functions such as forest, agricultural land, tourism – entertainment areas, rivers and lakes The Technical Infrastructure of Green Corridor: The framework of Green Corridor structure is based on ecological, landscape, economic and cultural linkages In that, linking the environment, landscape space plays the most important role Governance Institutions: Take control methods to develope the Green Corridor as National policies, Ordinances, Laws Policies are strong enough to fully overcome the contradictions arised in reality 1.2 Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Viet Nam 1.2.1 The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hai Phong City General planning adjustment for Hai Phong City construction (year 2010) defined the position, type of green corridor structure in urban structure Green Corridor of Hai Phong City, according to planning and type of Green Belt structure encloses the city center The North is type of Green Belt for whole suburbs The South is type of layer of Green Belt 1.2.2 The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Da Nang City General planning for Da Nang City (year 2013) defined the position, type of Green Corridor structure in urban structure The Green Corridor has type of line structure along the corridor of main traffic road, river and coastal 1.2.3 The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Ho Chi Minh City General planning for Ho Chi Minh City construction (year 2010) proposed Green Corridor In the city center: Green Corridor has type of line structure along river corridor In the surburbs: Green Corridor has type of Green Belt Corridor enclosing the city center 1.2.4 General evaluation on The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in some cities of Vietnam Target: Focus on targets about urban environment protection and balance, agricultural and rural land fund protection, cultural and historical value preservation, urban economics development However, in the context of Vietnamese urban areas, planning projects in some of above cities have not provided any target on control of urban development Position, scale: Localized Green Corridor is mainly based on main traffic roads system of urban However, determination of the scale of boundaries is not appropriate with natural frame and function which have potentiality to develop the Green Space of urban Type of structure: Applicable types of structure such as single layer of Green Belt form and Green Belt enclosing the entire suburb form (Hai Phong), line form (Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh City) Types of Green Corridor structure are mainly established on the basis of river, coastal corridors and mangrove swamp Functional components: Include natural preservation areas (mountain, forest, sea, river), rural, agricultural populated spots and tourist area, amusement park Green technical substructrue: This is the key factor in The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment in big cities of Vietnam Structural links ensure the connection of green functions 11 1.4.3 Research The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor There were many experts in the world who profoundly researched this problem, including top-leading experts in the world such as: E Howard, F.L.Olmsted, V.V.Vladimirov, Marco Amati, Romà Pujadas and Jaume Front, Keeble, Peter Hall, Hellmund & Smith … In Vietnam, research works all highly appreciate the role of Green Corridor in urban ecological environment creation, and urban pervasive development restriction However, most of experts have suspicious opinion about its possibility, that it should be specified the foundation for establishment of Planning Structure and Management institution of Green Corridor development in Hanoi city 1.5 Problems for research 1.5.1 General assessment on theory and practice of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment The dissertation analyzed strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in the world and Vietnam, in which the dissertation defined the weakness of Green Corridor Planning Structurre establishment as follows: Natural area of Hanoi city is incoherently arranged and has been declined its both scale and environmental quality; Heritage system is separated The value of cultural heritage is negatively modified; Economics of natural land fund and potential land fund for Green Space development has not been effectively exploited; Urban authorities merely provided the management regulations according to the general planning project, but have not had any concrete management regulation with respect to urban Green Corridor area 1.5.2 Problems of research for solution Improve awareness, concept, definition and benefit of urban Green Corridor; Research the scientific foundation and methodology of urban The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment in the condition of reality of Hanoi Capital; Define the nature, scale of urban Green Corridor for Hanoi Capital; Solutions for orienting the development of Green Corridor; The 12 Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor model; functions of Green Director zoning; Green Technical Substructure; Management institution of Green Corridor development; Nghiên cứu kiến nghị điều chỉnh CTQH HLX Thủ đô Hà Nội theo Quyết định số 1259/QĐ-TTg ngày 26/7/2011 Thủ tướng Chính phủ Research the petition of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor adjustment of Hanoi City according to Decision No 1259/QDTTg dated July 26th, 2011 by Prime Minister CHAPTER SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS FOR THE STRUCTURAL PLANNING OF URBAN GREEN CORRIDOR ESTABLISHMENT IN HANOI CITY 2.1 Theoretical foundation 2.1.1 History of Green Corridor establishment and development Green Corridor in the type of Green Belt descended from the theory of Garden City, with the main role as the space restricting the pervasive development of city Up to now, Green Corridor has been having its transformation of diversified types of structure (with many various types of structure in conformity with condition of each city), supplement new functional components, complete the additional roles in urban economic development 2.1.2 Theoretical foundation for modern urban structure establishment from functionalism to sustainable development thinking Modern urban model has been showing a dwelling signal in the last 20th century Cities following functionalism negatively impacted on natural environment, cultural heritage and, especially, were not appropriate with the transformation of the 4th Industrial Revolution The 4th Industrial Revolution associating with the Internet system, smartphone, database, data connection and share, changed both the width and the depth of management and production systems, urban environment Thus, cities need a new development thinking so as to both overcome the problems of modern urbanism, and receive the development of the 4th Industrial Revolution 2.1.3 Theoretical tendencies of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment in big cities of countries in the world Green Space planning theories from the last 19th century to the first half 13 of 20th century, the second half of 20th century, the Green Space development tendency in the first stage of 21st century and some other theories impacted on the Green Space form establishment The Green Space form was provided in urban planning theories The Green Space form associated with the form of urban structure, natural frame and urban landscape ecology The Green Space form has its important role of environmental protection, heritage and soil resources preservation 2.1.4 Theoretical foundation for environmental ecology Environmental ecology is the synthetic science about reciprocal relationship between creature and environment, and among mutual creatures Environmental ecology is the foundation for natural resources and environmental protection task Ecological researches, as discussing about large problems in the field of final essence of landscape, must be successfully solves every problems on sustainment On the basis of urban Ecology theory, many researchers proposed ecological planning theories as follows: i) The theory of Landscape ecology; ii) The theory of Ecological footprint 2.2 Legal foundation 2.2.1 Legal documents affecting The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment National Assembly, Government and People’s Committee of Hanoi City promulgated many documents associating with defined target, mission on ecological urban development, agricultural land fund preservation, cultural heritage and natural environment protection 2.2.2 Technical standards and specifications relating to The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment Standards of greenery land calculation were calculated according to urban classification and m2/person ratio Greenery land classification and calculation method have been not appropriate with the reality and successfully expressed the role of Green Space in urban structure 2.2.3 Strategic policies and orientations of Communist Party and the State National urban development strategies promulgated by the Government: Nowadays, the Government of Vietnam has approved many national development strategies associating with many various fields of city such 14 as rural, agricultural, tourism, environmental sustainable developments 2.3 Planning structure for Hanoi City 2.3.1 Orient the space of Hanoi City development in the project of Hanoi Capital construction planning adjustment The urban structure of Hanoi City was defined according to the conurbation model and city center separated from satellite cities, towns by Green Corridor The Green Corridor plays its role of pervasive development restriction with the functions such as agricultural area, hamlet, cultural – historical monument, nature reserve 2.3.2 Orient the urban space development in general planning projects in Hanoi city The urban structure of Hanoi City from 1954 to the present has been transforming from monopolar urban to multipolar urban, from the single-sided development at the South of Red River to the equitable development at two sides of Red River However, the urban has been still inheriting and developing on the basis of ring and radial road structure Having associated with traffic form and structure, the Green Space has also 02 main types as enclosing beltway and radial road 2.2.3 Types of urban pervasive development of Hanoi City Types of development include: According to axis of traffic road fragmented at the boundary of urban and alternated within the suburbs Urban pervasive development has been continuing to be general development tendency of Hanoi City This development tendency will dismember and reduce the connection and the possibility of approaching Green Space, narrow the area of greenery and agricultural land, and it is the biggest cause of the environmental contamination with respect to water surface of river and lake 2.2.4 Functions shall be needed to control their development Main functions include: accomodation, production, service, technical substructure These functions existed within the expected Urban Green Corridor establishment area The impact of these functions on the environment and natural landscape, rural and agricultural populated spots is very seriously, it should be provided stringent control solutions, in which the solution for production function should be leaving the Green Space and Green Corridor area 15 2.4 Factors for and methodology of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment in Hanoi City 2.4.1 Factors for The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment in Hanoi City - Natural condition is the most important factor in The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment: Hanoi City possesses an abundant and diversified natural frame including systems of forest, river, pond and lake and created from river corridors following the North-West – South-East direction This is the Green Space fund having its very important landscape ecological value of Hanoi City In the natural frame, river system is the most typical factor River is green substructure connecting between natural space of urban and that of suburb, linking the functions of natural substructure frame of City Figure 2.1 Diagram of river system of Hanoi City Figure 2.2 Diagram of natural substructure frame of Hanoi City - The dissertation analyzed other factors as follows: Greenery land fund and potential land for Green Corridor, economic, social development of Hanoi City affect The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment 2.4.2 Methodology of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor 16 The study process is based on the foundation of analysis, summarization, general and particular matters overlap, optimal script selection Within this dissertation, The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in Hanoi City is researched by the following three levels: General planning, Subdivision planning and Main functions planning Particularly, it is researched the principle of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment in the structure of urban general planning, functional solution and the structure of Green Corridor within subdivision planning and orientation within main functions planning Proposals of chapter are based on the analysis of chapter to ensure defined research target, research for Hanoi City, settle in the overall relationship among economy – society – environment, which the environment target therein will be as a priority 2.5 Several domestic and international lessons and experiences The dissertation summarized and analyzed some experiences in the following aspects: Lesson from the circular Green Corridor system establishment and arrangement in the substructure of urban general planning; Lesson from determination of function, scale and links of Green Corridor Planning Substructure with the sustainable development; Lesson from mobilizing resources and participation of population communities Figure 2.3 Methodology of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor establishment 17 CHAPTER 3: PROPOSING SOLUTIONS FOR ESTABLISHING THE GREEN CORRIDOR STRUCTURE AND PLANNING OF HANOI CITY, RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Viewpoints, goals for establishing the green corridor structure and planning 3.1.1 Viewpoints Establishing the green corridor structure and planning is an indispensable solution that needs to be done immediately to Hanoi City in the current development stage in order to achieve the objectives of developing urban centers in the direction of Green - Civilization Modern Therefore, it is necessary to have a view to establish the green corridor structure and planning of Hanoi City as follows: i) The green corridor structure is part of the urban green infrastructure of Hanoi; ii) The green corridor structure and planning is to set up a green system; iii) The green corridor structure and planning will take the natural framework as the main development axis; iv) The green corridor has a variety of green functional components; v) Establishing the green corridor structure is the process of building green technical infrastructure; vi) It is necessary to immediately change the perception of the community and have a strong policy 3.1.2 Development objectives General objective: To ensure the development of the capital towards sustainable Specific objectives include three main target groups: i) Target group of environment, landscape space: To create a good natural environment, adaptated to climate change; To create the beautiful green space, contributing to the creation of urban identity; To contribute to limiting the rampant growth, fragmentation, lack of control of the city ii) Target group of culture: To preserve and promote traditional and cultural values; To establish a sustainable rural population iii) Target group of economic: To create a new green economic service activity spaces associated with urban functions, increasing economic 18 efficiency in exploitation of agricultural land use 3.2 Principles, area of converted green corridor 3.2.1 Setting principles i) The green corridor structure and planning is set based on the general planning structure of Hanoi city ii) Setting the The green corridor structure and planning is a process of concurrent implementation of four main actions: Conservation of natural ecosystem, maintenance of existing green space, supplementation of new green space, development control iii) The green corridor structure and planning is the process of establishing links between the natural framework and the potential of green space development in the region into a complete, interlocking, and complementary green system in the development process iv) The green corridor structure and planning is the process of nesting, resonating 04 main actions and norms and legal documents on the corridor along the river to create the green corridor with nature of Sustainable Nature – Culture - Economy which aims to maximize the development of the green corridor in urban development v) The green corridor structure and planning must be invested and developed with multiple sources vi) The green corridor structure and planning must be strictly administrated, protected by state management agencies and the participation of community 3.1.2 Converted green corridor area Depending converted green corridor area is the area of land function including in green corridor (ha), x is the converted green density weight (constant) 3.3 Solution for establishing the green corridor structure and planning 3.3.1 Guiding the green corridor structure and planning in the general planning structure of Hanoi Capital The green corridor structure in the general planning structure of Hanoi Capital is defined as follows: The green corridor structure is a linear structure, taking natural flow as the main axis, linking cultural heritage with developing service area, agricultural land and low density 19 residential areas by green technical infrastructure system Rim road Rim road Rim road Road Road Suburbs Green corridor Residential area Green corridor Residential area Figure 3.1 Schematic diagrm of green corridor structure of Hanoi Figure 3.1 Schematic diagram of green corridor structure of Hanoi City 3.3.2 Models of the green corridor structure and planning of Hanoi City The thesis proposes models of green corridor structure according to location in urban structure: In the central city, along the central city, suburban of Hanoi The models are presented with high, medium and low scenarios based on the existing river system and green land fund Each scenario has different advantages and disadvantages, which can be flexibly applied in practice 3.3.3 Proposed partitioning and functional solutions for green corridor The green corridor structure of the city is divided into three distinct regions: Region (Green corridor having the main objective of ecological environment); Region (Green corridor having the main objective of developing culture); Region (Green corridor having the main objective of green economy) It consists of main functional components: Green Natural Region, 20 Green Cultural Region, Green Service Region, Green Industrial Region, Green Rural Residential Region 3.3.4 Green technical infrastructure in the green corridor The green technical infrastructure is the decisive factor setting the green corridor structure frame Practically in Hanoi, the natural frame is divided, the green land fund is unevenly distributed, so green spaces in the urban structure does not fully play the role The green infrastructure will link natural frameworks with the green land fund into a systematic green structure that addresses the development goals Technical infrastructure consists of 03 green technical infrastructure: Link to create the ecosystem, landscape; Link to preserve the cultural heritage; Link to the economic development 3.3.5 Orientations for the development of green functions The thesis proposes models for the development of key green functions associated with the practice such as the Green Natural Development Model, Green Cultural Development Model, Green Service Area Development Model, Green Agricultural Area Development Model, Green Rural Residential Development Model 3.3.6 Some institutional solutions for the development of the green corridor Policy solution: The thesis proposes the framework for managing the green corridor Complete solution, complementary methods of general planning in association with the green corridor: Review potential, natural and cultural resources; Forecast of current development needs, future of urban population, Green spaces, economic development; Establish the planning structure; Propose key projects and implementation plans The planning solution is implemented on the basis of an integrated database system Solutions for building the green corridor communities: Communities protecting natural resources (forests, rivers, lakes); Green corridor traveling communities; Green corridor agricultural communities; Business communities developing the green corridor; Green corridor economic Communities 3.4 Apply adjustments and complete the green corridor structure 21 and planning of Hanoi City 3.4.1 To amend the green corridor structure and planning of Hanoi City under Decision No 1259/ QD-TTg of the Prime Minister The thesis proposes to revise the overall green corridor structure of Hanoi City associated with the river system (Figure 3.2) and the green corridor structure in the central urban area (Figure 3.3) Figure 3.2 Structure diagram Figure 3.3 Structure diagram of the of the green corridor of green corridor in the central urban area of Hanoi City Hanoi City 3.4.2 Propose solutions for the green corridor structure and planning asociated with Day river corridor The green corridor of Day river is a part of the green corridor structure of Hanoi City, which is a sustaintable natural – cultural -economic corridor that creates and stimulates new economic dynamics for the western area of Hanoi City The thesis proposes the target area of the Day river green corridor, the functional components of the Day river green corridor, structural links of the Day river green corridor and the development orientation of the Day river green corridor (4 main areas) and solution for establishing Day river green corridor 3.5 Research results and discussion Discuss the arguments put forward in the research process: The green corridor definition; green corridor structure; Functional components; Methods to calculate the actual green area; Green technical infrastructure; Developing management The results of the study contribute to the general theory of green corridor planning, the urban 22 planning theory of Vietnam associated with the natural - cultural – economic flow, contribute important scientific basis for Hanoi City to the planning and management of green corridor in practice Discuss the feasibility of the thesis results in Vietnam: The topic is highly applicable in the management and implementation of the green space planning, including the green corridor In addition, the results of the thesis improve the legal documents on environmental management, promote the sustainable development of cultural values, control the construction investment activities of the green corridor, propagate and raise awareness of green corridor CONCLUSION – RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion By taking the necessary steps in a scientific research, reseacher has basis to present the following comments: i) In the process of urbanization, Vietnam's cities in general, including Hanoi City in particular, have been transformed comprehensively: The urban area has been expanded, the population has increased rapidly, the infrastructure system has been upgraded and invested in construction towards a modern – civilized urban area However, in the process of urbanization, Hanoi city is under a lot of pressure for urban development, such as spreading urban development, serious polluted lakes and rivers, ecological and natural forest area is narrowed and degraded In the area planned to establish the green space exists dense village system in the style of "sticky rice", agriculture is abandoned, etc These are the challenges for establishing the green corridor structure and planning Therefore, the "establishment of the green corridor structure and planning of Hanoi city" is necessary and an important solution to ensure sustainable urban development ii) Through researching, synthesising, analysising and making survey of current situation: The theory of urban planning towards sustainable development is an age-oriented trend The world has many studies on both theory and practice of the green corridor structure and planning, this is a valuable lesson to establish a green corridor structure and planning for urban area in Vietnam Hanoi City still maintains the natural terrain system associated with river morphology and flood drainage area, has a diverse system of historical relics along the river corridor In addition, the city has many land fund with potential green 23 space development chances such as service areas, rural residential area and agricultural land These are the scientific basis for the establishment of the green corridor structure and planning for large cities in Vietnam in general and for Hanoi city in particular iii) On the basis of these comments, the thesis proposes concepts, views, objectives, principles, scale and solutions for the establishment of the green corridor structure and planning of Hanoi city until 2030 Revising the the green corridor structure and planning approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No 1259 / QD-TTg dated 26 July 2011, as follows: - The concept of green corridor is the broadest concept, covering the concept of green rims, green wedges, green lines, green networks The green rim is a type of structure of the green corridor The green corridor is a green space corridor system interwovening inside and outside the central city, which includes many functions such as natural forests, tourist – entertaining areas, agriculture and low density villages created from rivers, lakes and flood drainage areas to create a good natural environment for the urban area, preserve and promote the values of cultural heritage, sustainable development of tourism, agriculture and villages - Proposing opinions on the establishment of the green corridor structure and planning of Hanoi city in the direction of sustainability, having a linear structure, taking natural flow as the main axis, linking cultural heritage, service area, agricultural land, low density rural residential areas by green technical infrastructure system - The green corridor structure and planning has to achieve 03 groups of development objectives and 06 principles of establishment In particular, the green corridor structure and planning of Hanoi city should be established on the basis of the simultaneous implementation of 04 groups of actions: Conservation of natural ecosystems; Maintaining existing green spaces; Adding new green spaces; Controlling forms of development - Proposing factors to calculate the area of green corridor Accordingly, the planners can give relatively accurate the actual green area on the total planned land area - Proposing the structural model of the green corridor of Hanoi city based on the relationship with the central urban area, selecting the medium scenario for Hanoi city 24 - Proposing 05 functional components of the green corridor including: Green Natural Region, Green Cultural Region, Green Service Region, Green Industrial Region, Green Rural Residential Region The classification of functional groups shows the difference in the function of the green corridor of Hanoi city with the urban areas’ green corridors in the world, manifested specifically in the nature of the functional groups of green cultural, green agricultural and green rural residential areas - Prooposing the green technical infrastructure of the green corridor including: Link of the landscape and environment; Link to preserve the cultural heritage; Link to develop economy In which, linking economic activity plays a decisive role in shaping the green corridor structure in the present stage - Proposing planning directions for green functional areas These are typical models, based on this model, the functions ensures the sustainable development but not break down the green corridor structure as well as the urban structure - Proposing institutional solution to manage and develop the green corridor of Hanoi city It shall emphasize the establishment of green corridor management and solutions to build communities protecting the Green Corridor Recommendations i) Recommend the Ministry of Construction to study and prepare a strategy for the development of the green corridor in Viet Nam, the program for the development of the green corridor, to present the definition, objectives and principles for the development of the green corridor into the Vietnamese adjusted construction planning standard ii) Recommend the People's Committee of Hanoi city to develop a regulation on management of the green corridor Development in accordance with the approved planning, to elaborate the detailed plan for urban and suburban rivers, to compose guiding books on management and development of the green corridor iii) Recommend the Institute of Research under the Ministry of Construction, universities in the field of Building and Architecture to have more specific and deep multidisciplinary research for the green corridor of urban areas in Vietnam LIST OF THE WORKS OF THE AUTHOR No Name of the article Name of the journal Green Corridor planning in Hanoi CityExperience from the development of Tokyo area Advantages and disadvantages in orienting the development of Green Corridor in the Red River Delta Orientating the development models of the Green Corridor in the Red River Delta Journal of Urban Planning, No 18+19/2014 Studying the planning model of Green Corridor development of some cities in the world Release year 2014 Journal of Technical Construction and Science, No 22/122014 2014 Proceedings of the 46th Technical College of Science and Technology Club, March-2015 Journal of Technical Construction and Science No 28/ 03 2016 2015 2016 ... defended in front of the State Dissertation Review Board in meeting at the National University of Civil Engineering at the time of hours date month 2018 This dissertation can be found at the... establishment The dissertation analyzed strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of The Structural Planning of Urban Green Corridor in the world and Vietnam, in which the dissertation defined the... institution of Green Corridor development; Nghiên cứu kiến nghị điều chỉnh CTQH HLX Thủ đô Hà Nội theo Quy? ??t định số 1259/QĐ-TTg ngày 26/7/2011 Thủ tướng Chính phủ Research the petition of The
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