Đảo ngữ trong Tiếng Anh thường được dùng với dụng ý nhấn mạnh về một sự việc hay một chủ thể nhất định được đề cập tới trong câu. Bài viết này sẽ giới thiệu về 10 dạng đảo ngữ thường gặp trong tiếng Anh. Cùng tham khảo và nâng cao vốn ngữ pháp của bản thân nhé.
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Đảo ngữ (P1)
Trong tiếng Anh,một số trạng từ, cụm trạng từ phủ định phần lớn dùng với các ngữ cảnh phủ định.Những
trạng từ, cụm trạng từ này có thể được nhấn mạnh bằng cách đặt ở đầu câu hay mệnh đề và theo sau là
sự đảo ngược động từ Cách đảo động từ giống như cách cấu tạo câu hỏi (trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt)
Sau đây là những loại câu nhấn mạnh dùng đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh
He is tall I am, too= So am I
He isn’t tall I am not, either = Neither am I
I don’t like him Nor do I = Neither do I
I don’t like him, nor do I hate him: Tôi không thích anh ta và cũng không ghét anh ta
I Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf)
Not any + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf)
I won’t lend you any money from now on
Not any/No money will I lend you from now on
Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy
II Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định NEVER ( không bao giờ, chưa bao giờ) , RARELY ( ít
khi), SELDOM ( hiếm khi), LITTLE ( hầu như không), HARDLY EVER ( hầu như không
bao giờ)
Never Rarely Seldom + Auxiliary + S + verb ( inf) Little Hardly ever
She has never seen such a beautiful house in her life
Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture
I seldom listen to Rock music
Seldom do I listen to Rock music
He hardly ever speaks in the public
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
There was no precedent for the King’s resignation
Never before had any King resigned
This is the first time I have seen such an interesting film
Never before have I seen such an interesting film
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The way so much money has been spent on so little purpose must be a record
Never before has so much money been spent on so little purpose
III Đảo ngữ với ONLY:
Only once ( chỉ một lần)
Only later ( chỉ sau này)
Only in this way ( chỉ bằng cách này)
Only in that way ( chỉ bằng cách đó)
Only then ( chỉ khi ấy) + Auxiliary + S + verb ( inf)
Only after + Noun/ V-ing/clause ( chỉ sau khi)
Only by + noun/ V-ing ( chỉ bằng cách)
Only when + clause ( chỉ khi)
Only if + clause ( chỉ nếu)
Only with + Noun ( chỉ với)
Only in + adverb of time/ place ( chỉ vào/ chỉ ở)
Only once have I met her
Only in this way can we succeed
Only then did I realize that I had left my purpose at home
Only when I arrived at the airport, did I realize that I had left my passport at home
Only after a twelve hour-wait, did my flight leave
Only after posting the letter, did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp
Only if you practice English at least 2 hours a day can you master it
Only by practicing English at least 2 hours a day can you master it
Only with a big sum of money can you buy a house in Hanoi
Only in April is there this kind of flower
IV Đảo ngữ với các cụm giới từ có NO:
At no time ( chưa từng bao giờ…)
On no account ( Với bất cứ lý do gì cũng không…) + Auxiliary+ S + Verb (inf)
On no condition ( tuyệt đối không…)
Under/In no circumstances (Trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không…)
For no reason ( không vì lý do gì)
In no way ( không còn cách nào)
No longer ( không còn)
The outcome of the election was never in doubt
At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt
You mustn’t touch the switch on any account
On no account must you touch the switch
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For no reason must you play truant
He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day
No longer does he smoke 20 cigarettes a day
He never suspected that she was a witch
At no time did he suspect that she was a witch
The money is not to be paid under any circumstances
Under no circumstances is the money to be paid
V Bài tập
Rewrite the sentence
1 A country can’t be prosperous if it’s not quite independent
Only when
2 You can drive a car only after you obtain a driving licence
Only after
3 They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left
Only after a twelve hours wait
4 He never suspected that money had been stolen
9 We only dispatch goods after receiving the money
Only after the money
10 I rarely buy any other papers
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KEY
1 Only when a country is independent can it be prosperous
2 Only after obtaining a driving license, can you drive a car
3 Only after a twelve hours wait did their flight leave
4 At no time did he suspect that money had been stolen
5 Only later did he recognize that he had been deceived
6 Never have I seen such a house
7 Not once has our neighbor invited us into his home
8 Under no circumstances should you phone the police
9 Only after the money has been received will we dispatch
10 Rarely do I buy any other papers
11 Never does he buy a paper without reading the whole thing
12 Seldom do we have enough time to read
13 Hardly will she ever read the editorials
14 At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt
15 So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately
16 Seldom do you find reunited twins who do not get on well together
17 There were many reasons for the choice
18 Beside the roadside stood a horse
19 Only by practicing English everyday can you make progress in it
20 Never before have I heard such an extraordinary story
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Đảo ngữ (P2)
I Đảo ngữ với: No sooner … Than;
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely… When/before ( Vừa mới ….thì…)
No sooner + had + S + P2 + than + clause
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely + Auxiliary + S + V + when/before + clause
I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang
No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang
I had hardly arrived home when the phone rang
Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang
Ví dụ:
1/ He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk
No sooner had he returned from his walk than He got down to writing the letter
2/She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents
No sooner had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents
3/She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her
Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her
4/ Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building
No sooner had the burglars left the building than Someone rang the alarm
5/ Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe
No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than Tear gas was released
6/ Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill
No sooner had he been appointment to the post than the editor fell ill
7/ I had hardly put the phone down when the boss rang back
Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back
8/ She had hardly begun her performance when the light went out
No sooner had she begun her performance than the light went out
II Đảo ngữ với
Not until/till ( then/ later) Not until/till + Clause + Au + S + V Then/later/ Adv of time
He couldn’t speak until he was 8
Not until he was 8, could he speak = It was not until he was 8 that he could speak
Not until I got home, did I know that I had lost my keys
= It was not until I got home that I knew that I had lost my keys
He forgot about the gun until he got to the police station
Not until he got to the Police Station, did he remember about the gun
He didn’t return to his country until last June
Not till did he return to his country until last June
III Đảo ngữ với NOWHERE
Nowhere + Auxi + S + V
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You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones
Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones
Nowhere can you find your wallet
Nowhere in the world is the climate as rough as that in the North Pole
Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
IV Đảo ngữ với SO và SUCH:
a/ Đảo ngữ với SO: So + adj/adv + Au + S + that + clause
He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch
So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night
So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night
It is so hot that you can fry an egg on the pavement
So hot is it that you can fry an egg on the pavement
Her grief was so great that she almost fainted
So great was her grief that she almost fainted
b/ Đảo ngữ với SUCH: Such + Be + Noun + that + clause
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night
Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night
She is so beautiful that I can’t take my eyes off her
Such is her beauty that I can’t take my eyes off her
Her grief is so great that she almost fainted
Such is her grief that she almost fainted
He was so intelligent that he could answer all the questions in “ Who wants to become a millionaire?”
Such was his intelligence that he could answer all the questions in “ Who wants to become a millionaire?”
V Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (Inversion in Conditional Sentences)
Trong câu điều kiện ta chỉ thực hiện đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề với If (If clause) Với mỗi loại câu điều kiện,
ta có từng cách đảo ngữ riêng
a Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại I (type I)
If+S +(should)+ V Should + S + Vinfinitive
If he comes, I’ll call the police
Should he come, I’ll call the police
b Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại II (type II)
* Câu có động từ "to be": If + S + were Were + S
I f I were you, I wouldn't do that
Were I you, I wouldn't do that
* Câu dùng động từ thường: If + S + Ved/irregular verb Were + S + to Vinfinitive
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If I knew Portuguese, I’d speak to Ronando
Were I to know Portuguese, I’d speak to Ronando
c Câu điều kiện loại III (type III) If + S + had Ved2 Had + S + P2
If I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes, I would n't have believed it
Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it
Notes: Với những câu điều kiện phủ định, khi đảo ngữ ta để NOT sau chủ ngữ
VI Đảo ngữ sau các cụm trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí: ( Inversion after adverbial phrases
of direction and place)
Khi câu bắt đầu bằng một cụm trạng từ, đặc biệt là trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí thì nội động từ thường
được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ Cách đảo ngữ này được sử dụng đặc biệt trong văn phong trang trọng ( formal)
hoặc văn chương ( literary)
Here comes the train
Above the fireplace was a portrait of Lenin
On the table sat the cat
Up went the price
In an armchair sat his mother
Notes:
Động từ TO BE thường được sử dụng trong dạng đảo ngữ này, ngoài ra ta còn dùng các
động từ chuyển động như” climb, come, fly,go, hang, lie, run, sit, stand…
Thường chỉ dùng dạng đảo ngữ này khi động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn giản
Trong trường hợp đảo ngữ này, không sử dụng trợ động từ như trong câu hỏi mà dùng trực
tiếp động từ đặt trước chủ ngữ
Không thực hiện đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là đại từ
Không dùng : In an armchair sat she
* Emphasizing form:
Come in, please Do come in, please
I went out last night I did go out last night
It is/ was + Emphatic part + that + clause + Verb
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet It was Shakespeare that wrote Hamlet
VII Bài tập
Turn the following into inverted sentences
1 The matter could be explained in no other way
2 We had hardly started when it began to rain
3 I have seldom heard such beautiful singing
4 I shall never forget your kindness
5 I saw only then the danger we were in
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6 We had no sooner left the house than it exploded
7 He didn't realize that he had lost the key till he got home
8 They not only robbed you, they smashed everything
9 Half a dozen apples fell down
10 If an emergency should arise, dial 999
11 If Rex were a little more hard-working, he would not fail
12 If Mr Chan had been kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed
13 She had never been so disappointed before
14 I have never known such a generous person
15 I have never seen such a mess in my life
16 Public borrowing has seldom been so high
17 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony
18 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success
19 The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
20 I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed
21 The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property
22 The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony
23 Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face
24 The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances
25 The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice
26 He bought so many books that he couldn't read them all
27 It was such a boring speech that I got sleepy
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KEY
1 In no way could the matter be explained
2 Hardly had we started when it began to rain
3 Seldom have I heard such beautiful singing
4 Never shall I forget your kindness
5 Only after the danger did I see we were in
6 No sooner had we left the house than it exploded
7 Not until he got home did he realize that he had lost the key
8 Not only did they rob you, they smashed everything
9 Down fell haft a dozen apples
10 Should an emergency arise, dial 999
11 Were Rex a little more hardworking, he would not fail
12 Had Mr Chan been kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed
13 Never had she been so disappointed before
14 Never have I known such a generous person
15 Never have I seen such a mess in my life
16 Seldom has public borrowing been so high
17 Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony
18 Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success
19 Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent
20 Hardly had I begun to apologize when the door closed
21 In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property
22 No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony
23 Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment
24 Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals
25 Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice
26 So many books did he buy that he couldn't read them all
27 Such was a boring speech that I got sleepy