Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com PHYSICS WITH TR APPED CHARGED PARTICLES Lectures from the Les Houches Winter School www.Ebook777.com May 2, 2013 14:6 BC: 8831 - Probability and Statistical Theory Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com This page intentionally left blank www.Ebook777.com PST˙ws Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com PHYSICS WITH TR APPED CHARGED PARTICLES Lectures from the Les Houches Winter School Editors Martina Knoop CNRS & Université d’Aix-Marseille, France Niels Madsen Swansea University, UK Richard C Thompson Imperial College London, UK ICP Imperial College Press www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Published by Imperial College Press 57 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9HE Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library PHYSICS WITH TRAPPED CHARGED PARTICLES Lectures from the Les Houches Winter School Copyright © 2014 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher ISBN 978-1-78326-404-9 ISBN 978-1-78326-405-6 (pbk) Printed in Singapore www.Ebook777.com November 19, 2013 16:44 World Scientific Review Volume - 9in x 6in Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Preface The content of this book is based on the Winter School on Physics with Trapped Charged Particles hosted by the École de Physique des Houches in January 2012 The Winter School was inspired by the presence of numerous regular conferences on subjects including various aspects of physics with trapped charged particles In spite of the high level of activity within the field, no appropriate training ground seemed to exist for physics students and early career researchers that would cover the various aspects of the physics of this versatile area Hence the idea for the Winter School arose Many schools of physics consist solely of a (large) number of lectures covering various aspects of the chosen field Having ourselves experienced such schools or had students attend such schools we felt it necessary to modify this approach for the school in hand Therefore, rather than model the school on other schools in directly related fields, we modelled it on the long lasting and very successful series of CERN accelerator schools, that mix lectures and tutorial sessions for an improved dissemination of the subject matter The feedback from the students at the end of the school supports the success of this approach, as the students in fact requested even more "proper" physics lectures as well as more, or at least more elaborate, tutorial sessions The students clearly recognized and appreciated the lecturers who made an effort to teach, rather than lecture, and this book is meant to follow up on their effort by letting the lecturers put into writing what they went through with the students at the school The chapters in this book are thus not meant to be new material, but to be reviews targeted at people new to the fields covered We would like to acknowledge the international advisory team with Professor Klaus Blaum, Dr Fred Curell, Professor Michael Drewsen and Professor Piet O Schmidt, without whom the school would not have had the same complete program, as well as our co-organiser Professor Joel Fajans, who secured a solid team of experts to give the students a good foundation in the physics of trapped charged particles Finally a big thanks goes to v www.Ebook777.com 00a_preface November 19, 2013 16:44 World Scientific Review Volume - 9in x 6in Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com vi Preface the team in Les Houches for their impeccable organization, and to our secretary Audrey Deidda who helped manage the many payments and other exchanges with the participants Niels Madsen, Martina Knoop and Richard Thompson www.Ebook777.com 00a_preface November 19, 2013 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 16:47 World Scientific Review Volume - 9in x 6in 00b_photo+timetable www.Ebook777.com vii Group photo of the 2012 Winter School on Physics with Trapped Charged Particles in Les Houches, France viii Physics with Trapped Charged Particles Program : 4.1.2012 Les Houches, France, January - 20 January, 2012 Monday January Tuesday 10 January Wednesday 11 January Single particle Modes in dynamics Non-neutral Basic Equilib plasmas D DUBIN F ANDEREGG 09:45 Friday 13 January Dynamics in Paul Traps Strong Magnetization and Plasma D DUBIN Saturday 14 January Sunday Monday 15 January 16 January BREAKFAST Cooling Coulomb Techniques Crystals B ODOM D SEGAL COFFEE QED Tests Penning Traps Rotating Wall Internal Recombination with highly Strong Cent Separt Transport in traps charged ions correlations K BLAUM J BOLLINGER J BOLLINGER F ANDEREGG ROBICHEAUX 10:15 11:05 Non-Destructive Positron sources, accumulators Diagnostics and plasmas 12:05 J CRESPO C SURKO Tailoring plasmas and beams C SURKO A Wednesday 18 January Thursday 19 January Friday 20 January Storage Rings QIP in ion traps Multipolar RF Traps A PAPASH Quantom logic with trapped ions P SCHMIDT Trapped Molecules Novel Traps D DREWSEN A Cooling Techniques II EBIS C ROOS COFFEE Beam Dynamics WUNDERLICH F CURELL A PAPASH R WESTER J GALIANA Toroids Microtraps and QIP Circuit QED Multifaceted entanglement J GALIANA C ROOS 2D Fluid motion O Axialisation M KNOOP J FAJANS F D SEGAL F T PEDERSEN MEHLSTAUBLER LUNCH (early) LUNCH LUNCH Tutorial Paul Traps Quantum Simulations B ODOM Autoresonance Highly charged Combined Traps ions in traps (Neutral+Charged) WUNDERLICH R 16:50 17:00 R Antihydrogen Trapping Tutorial DUBIN ROBICHEAUX ROBICHEAUX FAJANS I 17:50 N MADSEN J FAJANS V 18:10 A 19:00 19:00 19:30 20:40 L The g-2 exp on free electron Destructive Diagnostics B ODOM Welcome Drink M KNOOP J CRESPO TEA Precision Traps for Ion Mass radioactive Bunching Measurements ions K BLAUM F HERFURTH F HERFURTH Magnetically confined EBIT D V I S I T E Thorium Spectroscopy T PEDERSEN F CURELL TEA Atomic Clocks Quantum optics in Ion Traps with ion crystals H MARGOLIS M DREWSEN C E R N MEHLSTAUBLER TEA Fundamental Constants R P SCHMIDT U 21:30 Timekeepers: Morning : Evening : MADSEN FAJANS DUBIN SURKO Tutorial NNP ANDEREGG/ DUBIN KNOOP ANDEREGG BLAUM BOLLINGER ROBICHEAUX SEGAL T R Tutorial Cooling Tech SEGAL / WUNDERLICH Poster Session KNOOP DREWSEN THOMPSON MAGOLIS Tutorial QIP in ion traps E ROOS WUNDERLICH MEHLSTAUBLER WESTER Timetable of the Winter School on Physics with Trapped Charged Particles in Les Houches, France www.Ebook777.com THOMPSON 00b_photo+timetable Poster Session P A charged particles DINNER Tutorial Penning Traps DUBIN J BOLLINGER R WESTER Y Laser based diagnostics LUNCH 12:30 Tuesday 17 January World Scientific Review Volume - 9in x 6in 11:15 16:00 Thursday 12 January 16:47 Time 08:00 08:45 November 19, 2013 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com November 27, 2013 11:9 World Scientific Review Volume - 9in x 6in Chap00c_toc Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents Preface v 1 Physics with Trapped Charged Particles M Knoop, N Madsen and R C Thompson 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Introduction History of Ion Traps Principles of Ion Traps Creation, Cooling and Detection of Applications of Ion Traps Conclusions and Outlook Ions 16 22 Detection Techniques for Trapped Ions 25 M Knoop 2.1 Electronic Techniques 26 2.2 Fluorescence Techniques 35 Cooling Techniques for Trapped Ions 43 D M Segal and Ch Wunderlich 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Introduction Non-laser Cooling Techniques Laser Cooling Laser Cooling Using Electromagnetically Induced Cavity Cooling Cooling Scheme Combining Laser Light and RF Transparency Accumulation, Storage and Manipulation of Large Numbers of Positrons in Traps I – The Basics 43 45 48 70 76 77 83 C M Surko 4.1 Overview 84 4.2 Positron Trapping 86 4.3 Positron Cooling 96 ix www.Ebook777.com ... vii Group photo of the 2012 Winter School on Physics with Trapped Charged Particles in Les Houches, France viii Physics with Trapped Charged Particles Program : 4.1.2012 Les Houches, France, January... www.Ebook777.com Preface The content of this book is based on the Winter School on Physics with Trapped Charged Particles hosted by the École de Physique des Houches in January 2012 The Winter School was inspired... available from the British Library PHYSICS WITH TRAPPED CHARGED PARTICLES Lectures from the Les Houches Winter School Copyright © 2014 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved This book, or parts