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MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE POLITICAL ACADEMY LAI TRAN TUNG DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHERN KEY ECONOMIC REGION Specialty: Political economy Code: 931 01 02 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL ECONOMIC THESIS HANOI - 2018 WORK ACCOMPLISHED AT POLITICAL ACADEMY MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Scientific instructor: Associate Professor and Doctor Bui Ngoc Quynh Defender 1: Defender 2: Defender 3: The thesis is defended at the thesis evaluation Council at the Academical level in line with the Decision number: by Director of the Political Academy, the meeting at the Political Academy - Ministry of National Defense at The thesis can be referred to at: - National Library - Military Library - Library of Political Academy INTRODUCTION Rationale for research topic selection In the trend of globalization and rapid development of science and technology, the selection of strategies, measures, mechanisms and policies to ensure the development of hi-tech industries is always the top priority of the countries in the development process The high-tech industry has been set up by the Party and State of Viet Nam and has focused on leadership, management and administration in the process of economic development in recent years In 2012, the Government of Viet Nam has set up the National High-tech Development Program, which is the largest ever program, including the High-tech Industry Development Program This is an important legal document, which is the basis for individuals, organizations and enterprises to participate in the development of high technology industry However, the process of implementation of the program has encountered many problems and in fact the efficiency is not high, not really match the potential of the country The key economic region of Northern Vietnam including cities and provinces plays a significant role in creating motivation for development of other regions In recent years, the region has experienced strong economic development, increasing the proportion of modern industries in its economic structure However, the reality shows that major contribution to the economic development comes from simple manufacturing, assembly or processing with medium or below average level of technology Economic growth derives from investment, labour and exploitation of natural resources with low added value Although there has been several high technology enterprises certified by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the number of such enterprises is limited and high technology products are few Several provinces in the region not have high technology industry This situation should be studied and solutions should be made when Vietnam wants to push up the process of industrialisation and modernisation, through the knowledge economy and taking a shortcut in economic development There is limited studies in the area of high technology Theoretical framework and actual practices have not achieved proper attention in Vietnam in general and in the key economic region of Northern Vietnam in particular, especially in political economics science These urgent issues raise the need for research on high technology industry in the key economic region of Northern Vietnam Therefore the author selects the topic “Developing high technology industry in the key economic region of Northern Vienam” for PhD thesis in political economics Purpose and objectives of the research Research purpose: Clarify theoretical and practical background and recommend solutions for the development of high technology in the key economic region of Northen Vietnam Research objectives: Clarify theoretical framework on the the development of high technology in the key economic region of Northen Vietnam Examine the practices of developing high technology industry in local and foreign environment and capture lessons learnt for the key economic region of Northen Vietnam Analyse the achievements, limitations and identify issues to be resolved from the current development of high technology industry in the key economic region of Northen Vietnam Propose recommendations to the development of high technology industry in the key economic region of Northen Vietnam Topic and scope of the research Topic: The development of high-technology industry Scope: Content of research:The research focuses on three aspects: quality, quantitive and composition The evaluation of current practices covers only high technology enterprises that have been recognised by the Ministry of Science and Technology and high technology products that are encouraged in Vietnam Coverage of research: The research studies the development of high technology industry in the cities and provinces of key Northern economic region, in relation to the general economy of Vienam Research period: The data covers the period from 2008 since the Law on High Technology was issued up to 2017 Theoretical and practical background of the research and research methodology Theoretical background: The thesis is based on the principles of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thoughts, revolutionary ideology of the Vietnamese Communist Party in the area of economics in general and high technology industry in particular Practical background: The thesis has based on data and information from reports and statistics of Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Science and Technology ; Reports on socio-economic development, data from General Statistics Office and Departments of Statistics of provinces in the key economic region of Northern Vietnam; data from publications, conferences; reports of The Department of High Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Steering Committee of the development of high technology industry under the Ministry of Industry and Trade Data is also collected from the manufacturing and trading practices of high technology enterprises in the key economic region of the Northern Vietnam Research methodology On the basis of dialectical and historical materialism methods of Marxism and Leninism, the thesis uses the following methods: scientific abstraction, analytical and synthetical method, comparative statistics, historical and logical method, using expertise from professionals Thesis contributions Clearly identify the characteristics of high technology industry from the viewpoint of political economics and create the content and assessment criteria for the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Determine lessons learnt for the development of high technology industry in the key economic region of the Northern Vietnam from current and best practices in certain local and foreign areas Evaluate the current situation and propose recommendation to futher the development of high technology industry in the key economic region of Northern Vietnam Theoretical, practical implications of the research Theoretical implications: The thesis contributes to the richness, in-depth study on the theoretical and practical aspects of the current development of high technology industry in Vietnam Practical implications: The result of this study can be used as reference for regulatory government agencies, policy makers and researchers It can also be used as reference materials for teaching political economics in education institutions within and outside the army Structure of the thesis The thesis comprises chapters (10 sections), conclusion, list of author’s publication, reference list and appendices Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH CONCERNING THEMES 1.1 Overseas studies related to thesis topic 1.1.1 Studies on high technology The author of China (1998), The forecast of the 21st century Ngo Quy Tung (2001), Knowledge economy, a new trend of the 21st century Shoichi Yamashita (2004), Transfer of Japanese technology and management to ASEAN countries Jack Uldrich - Deb Newberry (2006), Nanotechnology Investment & Venture Capital Jorge Niosi (ed.), Science and Technology Development - Some Experiences of the World Dan Senor (ed.), Startup Nation 1.1.2 Studies on industrial development, high technology industry Wayne Sandholtz (1992), High tech Europe - The politics of international cooperation Kerry Gleeson (1998), The high tech personal efficiency program: organising your electronic resources to maximizing your time and efficiency G.M Peter Swann (1998), The dynamics of industrial clustering: International comparisons in computing and biotechnology Michel Beaud (2002), A history of capitalism from 1500 to 2000 Shahid Yusuf, Kaoru Nabeshima, Shoichi Yamashita (2008), Growing industrial clusters in Asia - serendipity and science 1.2 The research works in the country related to thesis topic 1.2.1 Works related to technology, high technology Nguyen Chi Hai (1998), Some issues of science and technology development in the process of industrialization and modernization of the economy in Vietnam Le Ban Thach (2000), Industrialization in NIEs East Asia and lessons learned for Vietnam Vu Dinh Cu, Tran Xuan Sam (2006), New Production Force and Knowledge Economy Pham Van Dung (2010), The development of Vietnam Science and Technology Market Do Hoai Nam (2011), Policy on attracting foreign technology into Vietnam, (2011) Nguyen Minh Khai, Bui Ngoc Quynh (2013), "Combining science with reality: experiences of some countries and lessons for Vietnam", Review of World Economic and Political Issues, Issue 1.2.2 Works refer to industrial development, high technology industry Dang Ngoc Dinh (1999), Building and Development of Hi-tech Park in Vietnam, (1999) Conference Proceedings (2006), Dialogue on Strategic development of High Technology in Vietnam Tran Thanh Thuy (2007), Research on building a portfolio of High-Tech Products of Vietnam in the Period to 2020 Phan Xuan Dung (2008), Advanced technology and high technology with industrialisation and modernisation in Vietnam Tran Thanh Man (2009), industrial development of Can Tho city till 2020 1.2.3 The works refer to the development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region The group of works dealing with factors affecting the development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region: Nguyen Van Phu (2009), Development of technical infrastructure in the process of industrialization and modernization in Hai Duong province Bui Vinh Kien (2009), Policy on local industrial development (applied research in Bac Ninh province) Nguyen Thi Thu Hien (2012), Technical infrastructure of Hai Phong in the context of enhancing international economic integration Nguyen Huu Xuyen (2013), Government policy to promote technology innovation enterprises: case study of enterprises in Hanoi Nguyen Thanh Hai (2016), Transpacific Economic Partnership Agreement - TPP: Opportunities and Challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises in Vietnam, Journal of Economics and Development, No 224 The group of works on industrial development and hi-tech industrial development in the northern key economic region: Hoang Van Hoa (2010), Hanoi Core Industry Development to 2020 status and solutions To Hien Tha (2014), industrial development in the northern key economic region towards sustainability People's Newspaper Bac Ninh Party Committee (2017), Conference proceedings of the Bac Ninh Institute of Science and Technology, promote the development of industrialization and modernization towards high technology, efficiency and friendliness 1.3 Overview of the main results of the published works and the problems that the thesis solves 1.3.1 Outline the main results of the published works related to thesis topic Firstly, on the theoretical development of high technology industry: Some works have mentioned quite detailed and complete some theoretical issues related to the development of high technology industry However, unitl recently, no scientific work has addressed systematically, comprehensively and directly to the development of high technology industry, on all three aspects of the theory, reality and solution Secondly, on the current situation of high technology industry development: Some scientific works have mentioned the reality of developing hi-tech industry in some countries in the world and in our country However, up to now, there have been no researches on the development of high-tech industry in the northern key economic region Thirdly, on the solutions for development of high technology industry: Under different approaches, the previous studies have directly or indirectly proposed some solutions contributing to the development of high technology industry In particular, some works mentioned a number of general solutions and a number of studies mentioned several solutions in certain specific areas for the development of high technology industry These solutions have meaningful reference for the candidate in the process of proposing recommendations for development of high technology industry in the northern key economic region In summary, the results of the above studies provide important theoretical and practical information on the development of high technology industry, which is the basis for the candidate to build theoretical framework and propose solutions for the development of high technology industry in the northern key economic region However, these works just mention, analyze certain aspects, individual facet or part of the research object of the topic A number of overseas studies cover the development of high-tech industry in a historical context that is very different from the current context of high-tech industry development in Vietnam It is important for the candidate to draw lessons learned from the development of hi-tech industry in Vietnam For domestic researches, high technology industry is a new area in Vietnam, so there has not many studies, mainly scientific papers published in scientific journals covering different aspects So far, there has been no research on the development of high-tech industry in Vietnam in a systematic and comprehensive manner covering both theories, reality and solutions Especially, after the Law on High Technology was released in 2008, the hi-tech sector will be prioritized for development in Vietnam and in 2013, the Government approves the Program for the Development of a number of hi-tech industries There have been no scientific researches on the development of hi-tech industry in Vietnam in general and in the northern key economic region in particular in the field of political economy 1.3.2 The problems of the thesis continue to solve Firstly, continue to study and systematize to clarify the rationale for development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Secondly, conduct a comprehensive and objective survey and assessment to seethe current development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Thirdly, propose viewpoints and solutions to promote the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region in the future Conclusion Chapter Chapter THEORY FRAMEWORK OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHERN KEY ECONOMIC REGION AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 2.1 Some general issues of industry, high technology, hi-tech industry and characteristics of hi-tech industry 2.1.1.Concept of high technology Industry is an economic sector in the field of physicalproduction - an integral part of the physical production of the society High technology in Vietnam is in the field of new technology certified by the Ministry of Science and Technology within a certain period of time, rich in R&D and ability to create products and services with outstanding features, high added value, environmental friendly, thus forming new manufacturing and service industries or modernizing the existing manufacturing and service industries 12 the city implementation of the following issues: Early development of high-tech industryas a key, sector, creating a breakthrough in infrastructure development and policies to attract domestic and foreign investors to develop hi-tech industry; setting up suitable development policies in each stage of development of the high-tech park; Particular attention has been paid to linking businesses with institutes, schools, especially universities 2.3.3 Lessons learned for the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Firstly, the Government grasps opportunities and flexible and dynamic in setting up strategies and plans for hi-tech industry development Second, create a favorable domestic and international environment Third, the formation and development of high technology zone in the locality Fourth,identification of strengths in high technology industry and promulgation of mechanism and development policy relevant to local characteristics Fifth, attracttion of foreign technology coupled with technological capacity building Lessons learned from the unsuccessful aspects: thedevelopment of hi-tech parks in localitiesshould be carefully considered; The process of developing hi-tech industryshould avoid dependence on foreign technology In addition, the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region should pay special attention to the development of hi-tech human resources Conclusion Chapter Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION 3.1 Achievements and limitations in the development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region 3.1.1 Achievements 3.1.1.1 The number and size of enterprises and projects producing in hi-tech productsand services of localities in the region have initially increased 13 Firstly, the increase in the number of enterprises and projects in the region: By the end of 2017, there are 17 businesses operating in high technology, of which 08 are granted the certificate of hi-tech application projectsmanufacturing hi-tech products ands 09 enterprises are granted high technology enterprise certificate At present, there are enterprises and projects in the process of applying for certification from the Ministry of Science and Technology, including some missions and projects under the program for development of some hi-tech industriesled bythe Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Programon research training, and building hi-tech technical infrastructures in charge by the Ministry of Science and Technology The program led bythe Ministry of Science and Technology has projects implemented, of which has transfered high technology to production in the northern key economic region Some projects have products provided to the market The projects under the Ministry of Industry and Trade have been starting since 2015 and up to now there have been 13 projectsin the whole country withthe participation of 07 research institutes, universities and 06 enterprises Among those 13 projects, the northern key economic regionhas 10 projects engaged in the production of hi-tech products and services with the participation of research institutes, universities and enterprises Secondly, the sizeof enterprises and projects has been initially increased, forming a number of large-scale enterprises and projects Despite the small number of enterprises, the large-scale projects have brought certain achievements for the high-tech industry in the region including mobilizing an initial amount of capital; expanding level of capital,production facilities and research activities; forming high-tech personnel Typical examples are enterprises, projects of Samsung Group in Bac Ninh province 3.1.1.2 The quality of high-tech industry development in the northern key economic region has been improved First, the quality of enterprises, projects producing high technology products services Enterprises and projects have focused on R&D; improving 14 quality of connection and cooperation; advanced and modern production level A number of hi-tech products have been produced and competed in the domestic and international market Professional labour forces has been established Management of hi-tech industry has been enhanced Secondly, a professional labour force that meets modern production requirementshas been initially established These employees are working in a modern, professional environment with many opportunities to develop their skills Together with the improvement in professional qualifications, the components of labor value and quality of life of the labor force in the high technology industry have been raised Thirdly, the high-tech industry management level in the northern key economic region has been improved After the Prime Minister has approved the plan for development of a number of hi-tech industries up to 2020, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Science and Technology have implemented many measures to implement the program On that basis, a number of provinces and cities in the northern key economic region set up plans and guidelines for local organizations, individuals and enterprises to participate in the development of high-tech industries including for mulating mechanisms, policies and investment environment in localities; facilitating the cooperation and connection in the development of high technology industry through helping enterprises to join the value chain; receiving foreign technology; setting policies to fully utilize local resources and effectively exploit local human resources 3.1.1.3 The structure of hi-tech industry development in the northern key economic region has achieved certain achievements First, the formation of high technology industry in certain areas of some localities The establishment of hi-tech industry in the locality within short time period is a remarkable achievement in the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic regionIn particular, the electronics industry in Bac Ninh can be considered as a high technology industry because it createsstrong impacts on the socio-economic development of the province Such impacts include rapid economic growth, promoting the establishment and development of the social infrastructure, especially the infrastructure of 15 industrial parks; encouraging the participation of local enterprises in the value chain ; and providing a large number of jobs for workers Secondly, state owned enterprises start to join high technology industry It is involved in the development of a number of enterprises belonging to the state economic sector of VNPT Group with projects on development of high technology industries of large scale and high economic efficiency, promising potential for development in the northern key economic region Third, initially form a team of dedicated R&D personnel In particular, staff specialized in R&D activities, accounting for a high proportion of the total number of human resources of enterprises and projects 3.1.2 Limitations in the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region 3.1.2.1 Enterprises and projects engaged in the production of hitech products and servicesof localities in the region are still in small quantity and small scale In terms of quantity: The number of enterprises and projects that have been certified by the Ministry of Science and Technology and participated in the National Hi-tech Development Program is too limited Some provinces such as Hai Phong, Hung Yen and Quang Ninh have no enterprises certified by the Ministry of Science and Technology; The number of enterprises involved in providing support products for high-tech industries in the region is too small; Hi-tech human resources are always in short supply In terms of scale: Enterprises in the regionare small in size of capital, human resources, facilities and equipment are limited Such small quantity and size of high tech businesses results in small, unclear contribution to to the socio-economic development in some localities outside Bac Ninh 3.1.2.2 The quality of high-tech industry development activities remains low Firstly, the quality of production of high technology products and services is low Enterprises and production projects are not focused on R&D; production level is low, facilities are not modern; business connection and 16 cooperation in manufacturing hi-tech products and supplying high-tech services is weak, especially supporting industry for hi-tech industry Research projects to provide services have just been introduced in recent years by domestic enterprises and research institutions However, the high technologies being studied are not source technology, economic and social breakthroughs in the fields of social life Secondly, the quality of human resources has not met the development of hi-tech industry in the region Accordingly, hi-tech enterprises face many difficulties in recruiting and using people Staffare often retrained Thirdly, management activities of hi-tech industries development in the northern key economic region is still challenging Some localities that not have specific programs and plans for hi-tech industry development and management activities in the hi-tech zones have encountered many difficulties The authority of management of hi-tech parks is not specified and overlaps with that of local government Therefore the active role of locality in its development is not promoted 3.1.2.3 The structure of hi-tech industry is not appropriate The high-tech industry structure in the northern key economic region remains inadequate, with great variations among the localities; Participating enterprises are inappropriate; Enterprises and projects are mainly from foreign invested and private sector; Fields within hi-tech industry are monotonous, mainly electronic industry 3.2 Causes and problems in developing hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region 3.2.1 Reasons for the achievements 3.2.1.1 Objective reasons Firstly, the Party, the Government and the State management agencies at the central level have made great efforts in completing the legal system and policies and institutions for the development of high technology industry Secondly, ministries and sectors have taken the initiatives in implementing the program and plan for hi-tech industry development of the Government Thirdly, the level of science and 17 technology of the country has gained certain achievements, creating the basis and foundation for the development of high technology industry in the region 3.2.1.2 Subjective reasons Firstly, some localities have exploited and promoted the strengths in each locality and brought about international cooperation Secondly, some localities in the region have actively created a favorable environment for high technology development 3.2.2 Reasons for the constraints 3.2.2.1 Objective reasons First, due to thelack of systematic strategy the scope and level of link among provinces and cities in economic development reamains limited Secondly, the policy for the development of science and technology, especially high technology industry in Vietnam in the past few years is still inadequate Thirdly, mechanisms and policies on development of science and technology remain inappropriate and the level of science and technology is still low Fourthly, although the quality of education and training has changed in the direction of improvement, there are still many limitations and shortcomings which directly affect the quantity and quality of human resources for hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Fifth, foreign invested enterprises have not really paid much attention to R&D 3.2.2.2 Subjective reasons Firstly, most localities in the region have not put forward specific programs and plans for the development of hi-tech industries of their respective localities Secondly, the results of science and technology activities aimed at developing high technology in localities within the region are still limited Third, the efficiency of the hi-technology park is limited Fourthly, the training of local hi-tech human resource is still inadequate Fifth, the mobilization of resources for hi-tech enterprises faces many difficulties Sixth, the degree of linkage of enterprises in the development of high technology industry in the region is still loose 18 Seventh, some localities have not implemented strictly in the selection of foreign investors 3.2.3 Issues that need to be addressed from the current development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region What is the plan for developing some areas of hi-tech industry in each locality? What is the socio-political and legal environment for developing high-tech industry in the region in the near future? How to exploit capital, technology from foreign direct investment, and national technology capacity? What is the link in the development of high technology industry in the northern key economic region? Conclusion Chapter Chapter VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS FOR HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHEN KEY ECONOMIC REGION 4.1 Viewpoints on hi-tech industry development in the northern key economic region 4.1.1 The development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region must be in line with the socio-economic development plan and regional industrial development plan This is the central point, throughout the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Accordingly, the plan for hitech industry development in the northern key economic region must be based on the socio-economic development plan and regional industrial development plan 4.1.2 The development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region must be based mainly on internal resources, coupled with effective mobilization of external resources This viewpoint is the creative application of the viewpoint of combining internal forces with external forces in industrialization and 19 modernization into hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region This is a strategic issue because internal and external forces are the two basic strengths of the shortened development path Accordingly, each locality in the region should actively plan to attract foreign investment into the development of high technology industry and improve the ability to absorb high technology 4.1.3 The development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region must pay special attention to hi-tech research and development activities and the development of support industries The viewpoint plays a decisive role in improving the speed and quality of hi-tech industry development in the northern key economic region To achieve fast and sustainable growth in hi-tech industry, quality of R&D and development of support industries should be enhanced 4.1.4 The development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region must ensure the sustainable development of the economy, society and the environment This is the guiding viewpoint throughout the process of development of high technology industry in the northern key economic region in the coming time The proposed approach based on sustainable development is a requirement that is appropriate to the time period and is sourced fromthe current status of hi-tech industry development in the region with an unstable growth rate, depending on external factors 4.2 Solutions for development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region 4.2.1 Reviewing, adjusting and supplementing socio-economic development and industry planning; Early planning for development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region This is an important solution and should be implemented immediately because the development of high technology industry in localities must be based on the socio-economic development plan, industrial plan and development plan for hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region In particular, attention should be paid to the following measures: 20 First of all, each locality should set out early its specific plan for the development of hi-tech industries Each locality establishes key, leadingbackbone hi-tech industries for the development of other industries Accordingly, it is necessary to select branches and hi-tech products in the northern key economic region, and to build up companies and corporations with strong strategies on production and creation of high-tech products with Vietnamese brands not only the country that only applies and consumes products that are invented from the world Second, geographic distribution of hi-tech industry development in the northern key economic region Accordingly, high-tech industries must be distributed equally in all localities in the region However, in the coming time, not all hi-tech industries should be concentrated in each locality, but only one or several hi-tech industries should be selected to focus in individual locality 4.2.2 To continue completing mechanisms and policies for development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region This is an important and leading solution with a long-term strategic significance for completing the mechanism and policies to create a favorable socio-economic environment for the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Accordingly, the following measures should be taken: Firstly, the implementation of measures to improve the institutional capacity to support the development of high technology industry Accordingly, organizations and government officials at all levels in each locality need to actively and fully implement the Party's and the Party's mission, policies and regulationson the development of hi-tech industry for the country in general, as well as the northern key economic region in particular To create a favorable business environment and increase the competitiveness of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region; enhancing support for the development of high-tech products in large enterprises Secondly, to implement measures to develop policies on development of high technology industries in the northern key economic region Accordingly, it is necessary to focus on developing policies for the market; 21 policy on encouraging investment, including policies and measures to support products withVietnamese brand names; To assist enterprises in studying, adapting, taking ownership, perfecting and developing imported technologies; to research on the design of high-tech products; to apply research results into production; and policies to create favourable conditions for enterprises in terms of infrastructure, tax incentives, land lease terms, rents, etc 4.2.3 To develop human resources, especially hi-tech human resources meeting the requirements of developing hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region Strengthening human resources development, especially hi-tech human resources is the decisive solution to the success in the development of high technology industry Accordingly, the following measures should be taken: Firstly, strongly reform the training methods of universities and training centers, especially the system of training institutions specialising in the field of high technology Accordingly, it is necessary to change the training mode, combining different types of training; to enhance the organizing, planning and building of a hi-tech human resource; hi-tech training institutions should intensify international cooperation, step by step increase their teaching and research capabilities; to enhance the use of funding sources, expand human resources, concentrate on building and developing a modern laboratory system Secondly, to push up the planning, training, retraining and using of human resources for hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a master plan for human resource development in each locality and develop a training plan for human resources in hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Thirdly, to create a breakthrough in renovating and completing mechanisms and policies on the development of human resources for hitech industry in the northern key economic region This is an important measure to be taken immediately because there is competition for hi-tech human resources not only among provinces but also in international areasin the current context of integration Accordingly, it is necessary to 22 have a breakthrough policy in attracting human resources and creating a favorable environment for hi-tech staff Fourth, to improve the quality of training in vocational schools in each locality Accordingly, the Government and authorities at all levels continue to direct the effective implementation of approved programs, projects and policieson vocational training; It is necessary to consider and develop some new projects and policies on labor, employment and vocational training to match with the practical situation in the locality For vocational training institutions, investment should be made to improve facilities; to enhance the training and fostering of the educational level of vocational trainers, to revise curriculum and teaching materials 4.2.4 To diversify methods of mobilizing and efficiently utilising resources (land, finance and technology) for the development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region This solution is fundamental, long-term, playing a particularly important role that need attention now Accordingly, the following measures should be well implemented: Firstly, to mobilize and effectively utilise resources for the construction of socio-economic and technical infrastructure Accordingly, it is necessary to diversify investment capital for infrastructure development; Localities should take the initiative in coordinating with government agenciesat central level to finalize and unify mechanisms and policies related to land clearance and compensation Second, to mobilize fundingsources With regard to domestic capital, the Government shall thoroughly implement the policy on thrift practice, anti-waste and anti-corruption; early establishment of the National Hi-Tech Venture Capital; State administrative agencies must be the leading bodies, creating favorable conditions for high-tech enterprises to start their businesses For foreign investment: It must be considered as an important force for the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Thus, to further improve the investment environment, to promote investment, to attract foreign investment, especially investors frommult inational corporations Third, to mobilize science and technology resources Accordingly, it is necessary to continue to develop and 23 implement missions and programs in general and hi-tech in particular; To continue completing the legal system, policies and mechanisms for the development of science and technology and technological renovation; to improve technological capacity; to push the technology development; to promote scientific research and technological development in enterprises 4.2.5 To enhance cooperation and linkage in the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region Cooperation and linkage are particularly important issues in the development of industry, especially in the high-tech industry, as it is an important approach to mobilize resources and improve competitiveness of high tech enterprises Accordingly, it is necessary to carry out the following common measures: First of all, it is necessary to set up specialized teams at the local level, including units specializing unit in coordinating the development of high-tech industry under the steering committee for development of the northen key economic region at the central level Secondly, on the basis of strategy and planning, each locality in the northern key economic region shall draw up plans and solutions to expand the economic linkages between enterprises, economic branches, territories and international economic cooperation Thirdly, the legal framework on economics should be built and finalized soon Fourthly, build the infrastructure system At the same time, in order to enhance link and cooperation in the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region, a number of specific measures should be taken: Firstly, each locality needs active link and cooperation with other localities Second, to strengthen coordination among local authorities Thirdly, to strengthen the link between enterprises and the government, research institutes, universities and banks in the development of high technology industry Fourth, to strengthen linkages between domestic enterprises and foreign partners Conclusion Chapter CONCLUSION 24 The emphasis on developing high-tech industry is a big trendand the key to success in industrialized countries and is an urgent issue in the current northern key economic region The northern key economic region plays a key role in politics, economics, culture, society, foreign affairs and security and defense of the whole country Over the past years, the high-tech industry in the northern key economic region has achieved remarkable achievements, but the achievements have not met its potential.The main cause is that some localities have not been activein developingplan; the growth model.Industrial development of localities in the northern key economic region are slowly transformed; There are limitations and weaknesses in science and technology, human resources, support industries Poor status and its causes require urgent and appropriate solutions and policies to push the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region in the coming time Based on the synthesis of research methods, the thesis has the following important contents: Systematize and clarify key theoretical issues related to the development of high technology Particularly, the thesis has developed the characteristics of hi-tech industry and the concepts, contents and factors affecting the development of high technology industry in the northern key economic region The thesis has studied international experiences and localities in the field of hi-tech industry development and drawn lessons for the northern key economic region On the basis of the contents and criteria for the evaluation of hitech industry development in Chapter 2, the thesis has analyzed, evaluated and clarified the achievements, limitations and causes of constraintsin developing high-tech industries in the northern key economic region of Vietnam Onn this basis the thesis identify issues be resolved The dissertation has proposed basic viewpoints and major solutions for the development of high technology industry in the northern key economic region of Vietnam Accordingly, the thesis proposes four basic views and five major solutions Details of opinions and solutions are covered comprehensively on issues of socio-economic development, 25 mobilisation of resources and modes of operation to promote high-tech industry in the developed region The content presented in the thesis hasnot only inherited and developed research results of scientists within and outside the country, but also the independent research of the PhD candidate However, this is only the initial results so further research is needed to improve and complete LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO THESIS TOPIC OF THE PHD CANDIDATE Lai Tran Tung (2014), "Promoting the development of science and technology", Economy & Forecast Review, No 01, pp.61-63 Lai Tran Tung (2014), "High-tech Industry Development: Israel's Experience," Economy & Forecast Review, 23, pp 53-54 Lai Tran Tung (2015), "Korea's Experience in high-tech industry development ", Economy & Forecast Review, No 21, pp 54-57 Lai Tran Tung (2016), "Vietnam Will Be a Startup Country," AsiaPacific Economic Review, No 461, pp 37 -40 Lai Tran Tung (2016), "Research and development experience in Korea and some suggestions for Vietnam", Economy & Forecast Review, 04, pp 53-56 Lai Tran Tung, Do Van Anh, Pham Huy Toan (2016), "Promoting the development of science and technology enterprises", Economy & Forecast Review, No 06, pp 9-12 Lai Tran Tung (2017), "Proposing Some Solutions for the Development of High-tech Industry in Vietnam before the Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution," Proceedings of the International Conference " State Administration with the 4th Industrial Revolution "on July 25, 1977 at the National Academy of Public Administration, pp.495 - 504 Nguyen Tuan Dung, Lai Tran Tung (2017), "The Fourth Industrial Revolution and issues for the Development of Vietnam's Military Science and Technology", Proceedings of the International Conference " State Administration with the 4th Industrial Revolution "on 25/7/2017 at the National Academy of Public Administration, p 175 - 182 Lai Tran Tung (2018), "Korea's Experiences in Building tectonic Government in the Development of High-Tech Industry and Solutions for Vietnam", Proceedings of the National Conference "Building tectonic Government of integrity in the Process of boosting the Industrialization and Modernization of the Country and International Integration" on 05/4/2018 at the National Academy of Public Administration, p 525 - 532 ... Conference Proceedings (2006), Dialogue on Strategic development of High Technology in Vietnam Tran Thanh Thuy (2007), Research on building a portfolio of High-Tech Products of Vietnam in the Period... Advanced technology and high technology with industrialisation and modernisation in Vietnam Tran Thanh Man (2009), industrial development of Can Tho city till 2020 6 1.2.3 The works refer to the... policy to promote technology innovation enterprises: case study of enterprises in Hanoi Nguyen Thanh Hai (2016), Transpacific Economic Partnership Agreement - TPP: Opportunities and Challenges