Memoirs MCZ 37

MEMOIRS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE VOL XXXVII CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM 1909 University Press : John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A \ CONTENTS REPOKTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U S to March, 1905, Lieut Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from October, 1904, The Medusae By XVI Commanding Commander L M Garkett, U S N., Henry B Bigelow 243 pp., 48 Plates February, 1909 Hlemoirs of iht Uluscum Comprutiuc Zoology of AT HARVARD COLLEGE XXXVII Vol REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE U S FISH COMMISSION STEAMER - ALBATROSS," FROM OCTOBER, 1904, TO MARCH, 1905, LIEUT COMMANDER L M GARRETT, U S N., COMMANDING XVI THE MEDUSAE By HENRY B BIGELOW WITH FORTY-EIGHT [Published by permission of Geokge M Bow Kits, I'LATES U S Commissioner of Kish ami Fisheries.] CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.: Ihinteti for tije February, iHuscum 1909 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Introduction Scyphomedusae 13 Charybdeida Charybdeidae Charybdea Peron et Lesueur Charybdea rastonii Haacke 15 15 15 17 20 Coronata '23 Periphyllidae 24 Periphylla Steenstrup Periphylla hyacinthina Steenstrup Periphyllopsis Vanhoffen Periphyllopsis braueri Vanhoffen Ephyropsidae Nausithoe Kolliker Nausithoe punctata Kolliker Nausithoe rubra Vanhoffen 28 Atorella Vanhoffen 27 , Atorellidae Atorella vanhbffeni, sp nov 26 30 30 30 GO 33 35 Poralia Vanhoffen Poralia rufescens Vanhoffen Mayer Agassiz °*- 83 83 87 90 Pegantha smaragdina, sp nov 93 smaragdina Pegantha of Development 97 nov sp laevis, Pegantha 10() Trachomedusae 101 41 43 44 Olindias singularis 45 Geryonidae Liriope Lesson 47 50 51 52 51 55 57 59 62 63 and 01 103 105 107 Olindias P Miiller 103 Mayer marshalli 7S 80 41 So missus '' Aeginura Haeckel Aeginura grimaldii Maas Solmaridae Pegantha Haeckel Pegantha rnartagon Haeckel Pegantha triloba Haeckel Narcomedusae Cunanthidae Cunoctantha Haeckel Cunoctantha octonaria McCrady Cunoctantha tenella, sp nov Cunina Eschscholtz Cunina globosa Eschscholtz Cunina peregrina, sp nov Cunina species? Solmissus Haeckel I et Gairnard 17 74 75 Solmundella Haeckel Solmundella bitentaculata Quoy Gonionemus suvaensis Agassiz and Craspedotae 73 39 37 Atolla Haeckel ' " Gossea L Agassiz Gossea brachymera, sp nov Gonionemus A Agassiz ;i7 Discophora Pelagia Peron et Lesueur Pelagia panopyra Peron Aeginidae Aegina Eschscholtz Aegina citrea Eschscholtz Aegina alternans, sp nov Petasidae Atolla wyvillei Haeckel TO 36 Atollidae 07 Solmissus incisa Eewkes Browne J 1'' Liriope tetraphylla Chaniisso Liriope species? 112 115 Geryonia Peron et Lesueur Geryonia proboscidalis Forska] Trachynemidae Aglaura Peron et Lesueur PeYon hemistoma Aglaura T Lesueur 116 116 117 H< et 119 l i1 '- A.glantha Haeckel Aglantha digitals var nov Tetrorchis, gen nov 108 109 var intermedia, -l 2,i CONTENTS Page Page 124 Sarsia coccornetra, sp nov 125 Sarsia resplendens, sp nov 181 Ainphogona apsteini Vanhoffen Rhopalonema Gegenbaur Ehopaloneiua velatum Gegenbaur Rhopalonema funerarium Vanhoffen Colobonema Vanhoffen Colobonema sericeum Vanhoffen 126 182 127 Purena Hartlaub Pureua brownei, nora nov 129 Ectopleura L Agassiz 132 Ectopleura oehracea A Agassiz 132 Pennaria Goldfuss Pennaria vitrea Agassiz and Mayer Pectyllidae 134 Tetrorchis erythrogaster, sp nov Amphogona Browne Crossota Vanhoffen Crossota brunnea Vanhoffen 133 Halicreasidae llalicreas Fewkes Halicreas papillosum Vanhoffen Homoeoneina Maas Homoeoneina alba Vanhoffen Homoeonema raeovitzae Maas Homoeoneina species? Halitrephes, gen nov Halitrephes maasi, sp nov Leptomedusae 135 Zanclea Gegenbaur 136 Zanclea gemmosa McCrady 138 Cytaeidae 138 Cytaeinae 142 144 141 Eymnorea Mayer Lvmnorea alexandri Mayer 146 Bougainvilleidae 147 Bougainvillea Laodiceidae 148 Ptychogena A Agassiz Ptychogena erythrogonon, Eucopidae 149 Mayer Amphinemidae sp nov I'liialiuiii 152 153 duodeeimalis A Agassiz Phialidium Leuckart Phialidium discoida Mayer Phialucium Maas Phial ucium comata, Ein E i' i in' s]> nov Eschscholtz in- dfera, sp nov viridula Eschscholtz Eutiminae Hut una Mci Irady Eutimalevuka Agassi/, and Mayer Eutiraalpb.es Haeekel Eutimalphes scintillans, sp nov 1 Ictocanna < Ictocanna polj I taeckel nema Haecki id Brandt Braudt luni 1 1 ' son 186 186 187 187 1S8 193 193 and Agassiz 195 197 198 199 200 155 Stomotoca L Agassiz Stomotoca divisa Maas 203 155 Tiaridae '204 157 158 Pandea Lesson Pandea violacea Agassiz and Mayer 154 201 L60 Tiara Lessou 161 Tiara papua Lesson 163 Turris Lesson 164 205 205 Turria fontata, sp nov 206 207 209 2H9 165 Bythotiaridae 212 165 Sibogita 166 Sibogita simulans, sp nov Maas Maas anonyma Maas 213 213 216 -.7 Heterotiara L68 Heterotiara I6S Williidae 21 S 169 Proboscidactyla Brandt 2IS 170 Proboscydactyla ornata var stoloni- 216 171 177 Geographical distribution 179 Bal 179 Bibliography 287 179 Explanation of plates 217 Aequoridae Aequorea m; 184 185 195 fulva Amphinema Haeekel Amphinema australis Mayer Amphinema turrida Mayer tocanninae 150 189 189 Cytaeis Eschscholtz 189 Cytaeis vulgaris Agassiz and Mayer 190 Dendroclavinae 192 145 145 Phialiura Haeekel A 134 183 184 Pennaria species? Cladonemidae 179 fera li\ met Maas ric range 220 221 ooa ; INTRODUCTION The collection of Medusae obtained during the in the Eastern Tropical Pacific in important of recent years it new includes two 1904-05 Not only is the is to be cruise of the "Albatross" ranked as among the more number of species large (72), but intermediate genera of great interest from their system- atic relationships, as well as excellent examples of several previously little- known genera, such as Atorella, Periphyllopsis, Aeginura, Pegantha, Halicreas, Homoeonema, Sibogita, and Heterotiara The number of new species (17) may seem comparatively small, but it must be remembered that the greater part of the collection consists of holoplanktonic forms, organisms now known The fact to be of general distribution in the warmer waters of all oceans that the greater portion of the cruise led through an oceanic area far from land no doubt explains the total absence of rhizostomes from the collection Intermediate genera, both craspedote and acraspedote, are especially well represented Among the features the discovery of a of a of a new new trachynemid, of morphologic interest the gonads in a call attention numerous radial canals known members of a Cunoctantha, C tenella, in of this genus, a canal system and of the development of free medusa new here to Tetrorchis, with four gonads on the subumbrella which, unlike previously ; may halicreid, Halitrephes, with Cunina lacking peripheral canal system; well developed I species of Eirene From is buds in the region of the developmental standpoint the discovery of an almost complete series of stages in the development of Pegantha smaragdina known is is of especial importance, since nothing of the early stages of this interesting genus ; was previously and of equal importance the demonstration of the occurrence of internal budding in Cunina and Pegantha To the student of geographic distribution the collection is especially timely, since although the explorations of the recent deep-sea expeditions of the "Valdivia," the "Siboga," and those of the Prince of Monaco had given us a fairly good idea of the holoplanktonic Medusa fauna of the Tropical Atlantic THE MEDUSAE 10 and Indian oceans, the eastern half of the Pacific man mcogmtum in The collection remains practically a still this respect made (20 species) in Acapulco Harbor likewise important is from the distributional standpoint, for the Medusa fauna of the west coast of When compared with Central America was previously almost unknown West Indian Medusae the between the Owino littoral ships of the illustrates in striking fashion the close relationship faunae on the two sides of Central America growth to the rapid - it Medusae the knowledge of the structure and classification of in a state of such constant both Acraspedae and Craspedotae The scheme adopted as all future attempts its essentials, relationis change that no system as yet proposed can be ex- pected to remain permanent based in of our must in the on the be, But outlined by Gegenbaur, Agassiz, and Haeckel present memoir is classifications have not hesitated to I adopt the very extensive modifications which recent authors have shown to be necessary be called and several new changes are proposed, to which attention ; in the appropriate connections Perhaps a few words are called for to explain presentation a subject-matter in the reverse of the so-called " natural order " The present arrangement was adopted adopted will of the now usually for purely practical reasons connected with the preparation of the drawings and plates, and for the sake of preserving a parallel arrangement of text and plates; where supposed relationships rest the orders, I have preserved not to be taken Within the several orders, phylogeny as indicating the author's idea of it is on a much firmer basis than they between what I believe to be the natural sequence of families and genera Throughout the my special lot, cruise, the care so that, sjH'ciiiu.'ns in life, I and preservation ; value, as any student of this group will recognize this b\ many fell to of a privilege of the greatest I was also able to prepare the species, a few of which are reproduced in Colored drawings of Atolla and Ptychogena were likewise memoir made Mr A M Westergren, artist on the expedition The great majority water, for Medusae bad the opportunity to study the great majority of the or at least in the fresh condition colored sketches of of the n method which histology, solved A its of specimens were preserved in lias 5% formalin in sea proved satisfactory both for gross anatomy and only drawback being that few individuals were preserved various of the acid histologic fixing reagents are otoliths alcohol, in may and call frequently still dis- others in attention here to Plate 43 Plate 43 All figures engraved from photographs Fig Apex Sibogita simulans, sp nov., type termination of one of the adradial canals (c.ara) canal ; (go) gonad X Sibogita simulans, portion of bell margin Fig Amphinema canal ; (c.ara) adradial canal tentacles, turrida ; clearly visible is There (c.c) circular ; is canal and a large radial tentacular bulb ; one tentacle opposite every X (t.ra) radial tentacle There are in addition two or three In this specimen none of the latter bear filaments, but occasionally they so x (era) radial one-half of bell margin showing the two well-developed radial rudimentary tentacular knobs in each quadrant ocellus, ; Fig The blind of bell cavity in side view ; (era) canal radial ; (o) 12 manubrium with medusa buds Fig Cytaeis vulgaris, Fig Cytaeis vulgaris, lip region Fig Stomotoca divisa Fig Stomotoca divisa; one-half of (b) ; (tl) labial tentacle, x about 20 (t.ra), X ; ; (tl) labial tentacle manubrium, and numerous show crenulated to bell lips (1) and gonads X (go) margin, showing the two large radial tentacles rudimentary knobs; tentacular (era) radial canal 2.5 Fig Sarsia coccometra, sp nov., tentacle, Fig Sarsia coccometra nematocyst knob ; (o) ocellus; showing nematocyst ridges and terminal (era) radial canal Manubrium and apex of bell The interradial ridges labelled (go) are not the gonads, but merely folds of the gastric wall (See p 180.) Plate 44 Plate Fig Zanclea geinrnosa ; portion of bell and tentacle exumbral nematocyst Fig Zanclea gemmosa Fig Amphiuema Fig Amphiuema ; 44 rib ; (t) (era) radial canal; (nem.r) ; manubrium with x large ova (ov) not yet united with the subumbrella Cross-section of From The gonads a preserved specimen, manubrium near its base radial canal From a (gas) gastric cavity ; Fig Fig Bougainvillea fulva x photograph, have (go) x 25 The gonads (go) are continuous in the interradii, but interrupted in the perradii Bougainvillea fulva 50 40 turrida; side view of an immature specimen turrida X about (nem) stalked tentacular cnidoblast ; (era) 25 Diagram of the dichotomous branching of one of the labial tentacles manubrium Side view of with terminal nematocyst knobs (nem) Fig Bougainvillea fulva Fig Purena brownei X about x From a photograph, Purena brownei, side view of tentacle base; Fig 11 Lymnorea of tentacle From a photograph (o) on a its oral side ; X (t.l) 25 25 ; From a photo- (en) endodermic core (o) ocellus; 35 and (c.c) circular canal of apex alexandri, side view radial gonads (go) From x (o) ocellus alexandri, dissection of margin giving side view with ocellus Lymnorea x 35 Fig 10 Fig 12 labial tentacles 30 Purena brownei, exumbral view of tentacle base graph, and a photograph, Tentacle, showing naked proximal portion, and distal portion clothed with nematocyst ridges Fig lip (1) Cluster of marginal tentacles, containing thirteen members; From a photograph (o) ocellus ; From labial tentacles preserved specimen, x 30 of bell, ; (v) of tentacle velum ; showing manubrium, or knobs (t.l); (era) base, (g) mesogloea radial inter- canal 4.4 era go C ill II I'll' nr I in -OV nrm I • _>.; iff v w / r V " Plate 45 Plate 45 Fig Pegantha exumbral view of a marginal lappet, showing form triloba, extent of otoporpae (otp), and position of otocysts (otc) X perona Fig Pegantha (v) ; velum ; and (per) triloba, dissection of gonad, showing the sexual lobes (go) supported by the gelatinous genital prominence (g.pr) Stolon, taken X from 10 Rhopalonema velatum Cunina peregrina, Fig X 30 Young medusa Fig Oral view of somewhat older medusa, from the same stolon, in which there are Fig sp nov.(?) just liberated from above stolon, rudimentary tentacles (t), and otocysts bell of a showing long manubrium (mn), X (otc) 50 eight tentacles and well-developed otoporpae; (otc) otocyst; (mn) manubrium X 00 Fig Side view of same medusa, from a photograph, showing otocysts (otc); manu- Fig Two Fig Cunina peregrina, Fig Crossota brunnea, oral view of apex of brium (mn) ; velum and outline of gastric (v): tentacles; cavity marginal lappets of same specimen, showing otoporpae (otc) There is (otp), no visible indication of a peripheral canal system sp nov., otocyst; (otl) otolith bell, (otp) otoporpa ; and otocysts (v), X velum 250 showing the long manubrium (mn), gonads (go) hanging from the radial canals (era) into the bell cavity, and the muscular condition of the subumbrella Fig 10 Amphogona Fig 11 Rhopalonema velatum; one octant of apsteini, otocyst ; - 11' Coloboneina sericeum radial ; (en) endodermic core ginal organs; (t.ra) radial tentacle I'i X ; bell margin, (t.ra), adradial, Halitrephes ipeciinen, (otc) uiaasi, (otl) otolith, x 100 (otc) otocyst x about 25 one octant of bell margin, showing the relative sizes of and interradial tentacles, muscular condition of the subumbrella, and extent of the gonads (go) 13 ; showing arrangement of mar- gen nov., sp nov From Portion of showing relation of radial canals (era), a photograph the bell X margin of type tentacles, and otocysts /" '//"' '/" r olc olc 1,1/1 otp M