Memoirs MCZ 2503

— /Demolrs ot tbe /IDuseum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE Vol XXV No SOME NEW AMERICAN FOSSIL CRINOIDS BY FRANK SPRINGER WITH SIX PLATES CAMBRIDGE, IPrtnte5 for U S A.: tbe nDuseum July, 1911 ' -i) SOME NEW AMERICAN FOSSIL CRINOIDS During somewhat have come into my to species hitherto protracted researches upon the possession a considerable un described, and of species imperfectly much also in some specimens purpose, already too long delayed, tempts new me there of specimens belonging figures due course of systematic work of a remarkable Crinoids, excellent material illustrative known, or described without remain to be dealt with describing number fossil Most The obligation of species entrusted to to publish along with of these it me for that some others which are specially notable, either by way of extending the stratigraphic or geographic range of certain groups, illustrating species hitherto unfigured, or throwing appeal to which I upon unsettled questions of classification These objects, which me with more interest than the mere description of new species, and light am sure are of greater service to science, have induced the present contribution CAMERATA DIMEROCRINIDAE DiMEROCRiNUS apud Miu-chison Phillips 1881 Silurian System, p 674, PI XVII, figs 4, Dimerocrinus Wachsmuth and Springer, Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea, 1897 Thysanocrinus Id N Amer Crin Cam., 190 1836 II, 197; III, 101 This hitherto exclusively Silurian genus was proposed by PhiHips without definition, but upon two species, D decadactylus and D he gave a brief description and figures bj' as familiar forms at Dudley, England; principal museums, under Phillips's icosidactylus, of which they can be which easily recognized' specimens of them are found in the names From these species the generic characters are readily determinable, but were not correctly understood until FOSSIL CRINOIDS 118 Wachsmuth and pointed out by basals, not observed by PhiUips or other authors Phillips's genus (Rev Pal., II, 198); discovered the infra- made them This before we then ranked congeneric with Hall's later Thysanocrinus, which under who Springer in 1881, as a synonym an arrangement which we afterwards, without good reason, reversed (N A Crin Cam., 190), taking Hall's name, Thysanocrinus, for the genus and family cised, and must be abandoned This procedure has been justly Therefore I use the names head at the criti- of this and Thysanocrinus, as adopted in the North American Crinoidea Camerata, and for the same generic type, viz a Camerate, section instead of Thysanocrinidae : dicyclic Crinoid, with radials in contact except at the anal side; of interbrachial plates; crinus and Glyptaster biserial clearly and anus without a tube arms; go as several ranges synonyms Angelin's Eucrinus, which included several species substantially like D decadaciylus, was at to be upheld by Thysano- first sought restricting Dimerocrinus to species with only ten simple arms; but the addition of another order of brachials, giving twenty arms simple like the others, seemed such a very slight modification of the same plan of structure, that this distinction was afterwards abandoned, and all the species thrown together under Dimerocrinus except the two figured by Angelin as E venustus and E minor (Icon Crin PI Suec, XV, 5, figs 7, 16) In these there is a wholly different arm structure, with frequent branching at long intervals, and the arms from the IIBr up, below the axillaries as well as above, biserial, as in These, however, appeared from the figures Megistocrinus, Abacocrinus, etc to have the radials separated we proposed What is all around as them in the Rhodocrinidae, and for we have the first evidence the genus Anthemocrinus of especial interest now, however, of persistence of this family type into the is that Middle Devonian But for the non- and somewhat obscure Lower Devonian form described by Jaekel as Orthocrinus, the known species of this family have been restricted to the characteristic Silurian and earlier Schultze's " Rhodocrinus" quinquelobus, which he classed with Thysanocrinus, and which we placed under Eucrinus (Rev is — a Batocrinoid, as monocyclic from the Hamilton beds near will be shown Louisville, later A Pal., II, 197), very distinct specimen with a calyx which cannot be excluded from the family diagnosis, compels us to extend its range accordingly FOSSIL CRINOIDS DiMEROCRINUS SPINIFERUS, Plate III, Calyx elongate with straight trum figis sides, 119 sp IIOV lla-d truncate above and below like the frus- an inverted pyramid; rather wider than high, widest just above the arm bases, enlarging from base to arm facets as to 1.8; IBB and lower part of BB of included in lower plane mm.; width IBB of at base, 10 good Dimensions arm at mm., of the only specimen: horizontal, projecting well size, mm bases, 18.5 height 17.5 Base broad and flat; beyond the column, with tips IBB — the largest — the lower central part produced into spiny nodes, about plates in the calyx bending up; on a level BB three times as wide and twice as high as with the infrabasals; smaller spines form a low ridge leading from RR these to the middle of the radials a little thirds as high, surmounted by a small spine normally three in one ray) one fourth the ; wider than BB, but only two followed by two narrow IBr (ab- size of the radials, also spiniferous; and these by one very large, overhanging, spiniferous IIBr at each side, bearing the arm facets; between these a large, wedge-shaped, tumid plate, and above this a pair of further projecting spinous plates the widest part of the calyx overhang the arm facets and mark First iBr large, followed by two plates, and then two ranges more connecting with others in the tegmen, each bearing a central spine; leading to a subcentral opening in the tegmen arms unknown facets very small; all plates bear one or and the tegmenal and well defined Type short, anal area similar, with three plates in the second range, more small Arm and openings two to the ray; Tegmen moderately lobed, perfectly flat; spines, the largest being on the posterior oral margin above the arm bases; oral plates large Column facet large and round axillaries at the In the author's collection Horizon and Locality Hamilton Group of the Middle Devonian Charles- ton, Clark county, Indiana The description but the unique type much is is rather more series give to the calyx a strikingly angular appearance, unlike that of any other of the genus may desirable, distinct, rows passing from basals up the radial size of the facets I suspect there is and others would probably not show the characters stated The spiny ridges and remarkably substantial variation in of the individual specimen than From the extremely small was something peculiar about the arms; but we not expect to see them, as they are almost never found preserved in the FOSSIL CRINOIDS 120 they come out from under the overhanging Crinoids of that prolific locality; tegmen plates much and were no doubt as like those of Gilbertsocrinus, small, and not improbably pendent BATOCRINIDAE DoRYCRiNUS Roemer This case is the reverse of the Instead of bringing a Silurian genus last forward to the Devonian, we have a species which carries a Carboniferous genus back in The Batocrinidae to that age {sensu but Dorycrinus and the Ordovician; its Wachsniuth and Springer) began immediate congeners have been " Lower Carboniferous, except for Actinocrinus " cassedayi Lyon, and some unfigu red species by Hall from the New York Hamilton, and the small "Actinocrinus" prumiensis of Miiller, to which must be added for hitherto restricted to the i-easons already stated, the " spiniferous Dorycrinus, until now, has been supposed Burlington Limestone; but here locality as the last: The Rhodocrinus" quinquelobus of Schultze — is to begin in the Lower a good one from the Hamilton, at the same Dorycrinus devonicus, Plate III, figs sp 12o-d, nov 13 Caljrx elongate, narrowly turbinate to the first axillary, greatly enlarged deeply lobed above; spreading as from sides to at the axillary IBr, real and at the base gradually with straight and then suddenly to at the arm bases ; narrowly truncate below, and highly arched in the tegmen with deep interbrachial con- tegmen much larger than dorsal cup, and bearing large projecting Dimensions of medium sized specispines on the interambulacral axillaries men: height to bottom of arm bases, 12 mm.; total height, 23 mm.; width at strictions; base, mm.; at axillary IBr, 12; Basals forming an erect cup and at arm bases — the widest part — 21 mm Radial series elongate, with low median ridge, diminishing in width and branching twice in the calyx, giving to the ray, facing elongate; outward arm openings arm openings lower edge of arm in large projecting lobes; radial lobes very large, being, from the nearly as high as the whole of the dorsal cup below them; tuberance stands above each pair of arm bases, large and facets up, a large hollow pro- and another still larger one FOSSIL CRINOIDS above and between them in the tegmenal 121 Arms unknown axil spaces wide, occupied by about ranges of plates, in order dorsal cup, and several more above the level of Anal area to a connection with the orals arm bases, Interbrachial between the lobes similar, with plates in the range, leading to a subcentral opening in the tegmen, directed up high, low convex on top, broadly curving down interradially in the 1, 2, 3, etc., second Tegmen between the lobes, which are very high, surmounted by the protuberances already mentioned; •these are hollow, composed of small plates, and formed the sockets for large spines, none of which are preserved; tegmen plates very small and numerous; Column orals not differentiated Types in Figs V2a-d are in facet round, filling entire width of base Walker Museum, University of Chicago Fig 13, author's collection Hamilton Group, Middle Devonian Horizon and Locality Charleston, Clark county, Indiana Besides the two very good specimens figured, I have three others not so complete, but showing the characters of the species with remarkable constancy; the low radial ridge that I know is equally distinct in The all nearest related form to this the species from an about e([uivalent horizon in the Eifel, de- is scribed as Rhodocrinus quinquelobus PI similar narrow, turbinate, elongate calyx, with prominent by Schultze VH), which has a lobes in the radial regions; but no spines he with it from that group, considering is (loc cit., 57, text-fig 10), The difficulty more than I wholly incorrect and misleading; can understand with radials separated a single "ziemlich all (loc cit., PI VII, 6) The diagram it 20 arms we withdrew " how from it was based upon and "verdriickte" specimen, exposed, and of which only that view unvollstandigen Schultze, his specimen, represents a dicyclic Crinoid around by a large interradial plate; the posterior side was chiefly its grows out of the above careful observer as he usually was, could have constructed is its affinities a Rhodocrinoid (N A Crin Cam., 192); it neither of these assignments can stand mentioned diagram, which 57, Wachsmuth under Eucrinus on account of Afterwards, following Schultze's diagram it Schultze declared Thysanocrinus, as a subgroup within Rhodocrinus and Springer accordingly placed Eifelk., This species has been the subject of uncertain treatment in systematic literature to (Mon Echin in is which figured This figure shows three large basal plates, each followed somewhat nodose, radials, and these in succession by two primibrachs, the second one axillary and leading to two arm openings; that is, four ranges of plates up to and including the axillary brachials (radials of third alternately by large, FOSSIL CRINOIDS 122 order as then called) like that there is ; there is no sign of infrabasals, and in a slender dorsal cup no possible room for interradials between the Yet radials in the diagram there are five infrabasals, large basals, and three orders of radials including the axillary description combines the facts of the figure with The the errors of the diagram in a singular way, indicating a strange confusion of ideas Slightly condensed it reads as follows: The "Basaha" (number not form a low funnel, to which circumstance the calyx owes its elongate form (showing that he means the first row of erect plates seen in the figure, stated) and not any invisible plates below, or above, them) ; the lower part of the six- sided "Parabasalia" project "knopformig" (answering precisely the description of the (first) radials in the figure) ; upon these, which consists angles, follow five rays, each of is of "drei Radialia," the upper of beyond a doubt that the lowest these axillary (whereas the figure shows three radials whose upper plate into their reentering wedged the axillary, is the " of the " knopfformig plate, resting upon the reentering angles of the "Basalia" which form the "Trichter," and that there rest is no room for any "Parabasalia" at upon the horizontally truncate edge Interradial of the in the second first all) ; the Interradials, which of the "Parabasalia," shov.^ a larger order, etc (the only possible horizontally truncate plates range are the radials and the anal plate, which the author must have been thinking of when he wrote this) I have good specimens of an undescribed elongate form substantially the same as Schultze's species, from the Devonian of Colle, Spain, — a perfectly plain Batocrinoid INADUNATA GASTEROCOMIDAE Hitherto no representative of the assemblage of peculiar dicyclic Eifelian the genera grouped under this family has been reported in this country, except It is now known, species described by Hall under Myrtillocrinus americanus however, that there are at least two other genera in our approximately equivalent Middle Devonian that must be referred to it The genus Arachnocrinus was founded by Meek and Worthen (Geol Surv Hall as Cyathocrinus Illinois, II, 177) upon a species which had been described by bulbosus (15th Rept N Y St Cab., 1860, 123) from the Helderberg = Corniferous) of western New York; this Onondaga (= Upper was done chiefly upon FOSSIL CRINOIDS the character of its the structure of its ponderous arms, and without any accurate knowledge of It was said to have small infrabasals (afterwards calyx by Wachsmuth and Springer, Rev stated plate resting 123 Pal., I, 94, as five), upon the truncated posterior basal; and I, single anal for these reasons Wachsmuth and always been ranked among the Cyathocrinidae (Rev Pal., and a has it Springer two additional species from the equivalent rocks Kentucky, in one of which they observed a lateral opening 94) described near Louisville, above the posterior basal, and between two adjoining radials; but this attracted no special attention Nothing was then known of any unusual directly fact features of the column or axial opening Investigation of the original specimens upon which these several species were described, and of a considerable quantity of additional material since obtained from the typical New York and localities in near Louisville, has disclosed with perfect clearness the characters of the calyx; leading to the interesting result that the remarkable arms of the American species belong to a calyx in no distinguishable from certain Eifel species described under the Some of the New York material above mentioned is name American in the way Gasterocoma Museum Natural History, including one of the types of C hulbosus, and some in the of Museum State For the opportunity to use at Albany in this it indebted to the courtesy of Prof R P Whitfield, since deceased, and Dr The remainder Clark, State Palaeontologist is in my own The genus Gasterocoma was proposed by Goldfuss (and I am J M work collection its synonyms, Cera- mocrinus and Epadocrinus, by Johannes Miiller), and afterwards fully described, illustrated and discussed by Schultze (Mon Echin Eifelk., definite information as to the character of its arms 95 et seq.), without It belongs to the peculiar Crinoid fauna characteristic of the Middle Devonian of the Eifel tains and adjacent my and Schultze; and knowledge, been recognized elsewhere genus, and of the little The it has not hitherto, leading characters of this group of peculiar Crinoids associated with the anus passing out through the dorsal cup below the level of the (2) it, are, (1) arm bases; horseshoe-shaped radial facets, with a dorsal canal extending throughout radials pierced and arms by a ; and (3) in central axial, Comparing the calyx it Moun- which has been so ably studied, and thoroughly region, described, in the works of Roemer, Miiller, to very now appears that the level of the it arm most of and four of the them an undivided infrabasal disk, usually peripheral, canals above mentioned American specimens with this, has an anal opening lateral through the dorsal cup, below bases, between the posterior basal and the two posterior FOSSIL CRINOIDS 124 rounded radial radials; large, facets, directed outwards; a dorsal canal, or dorsal extension of the axial canal, perforating the radials and arms, entirely separate from the ventral or ambulacral groove; undivided infrabasals; and a quadripartite axial opening, consisting of a central canal surrounded by four smaller peripheral ones, extending from the column into the base of the calyx the only point remaining as to these characters belong equally to Gasterocoma; which a difference might be noted plate may lying, as exist it At not be in any the plate above the anal opening way homologous does, anterior to the opening, events all and absent species, is it wholly is to the anal plate and Rept N Y is New York in species; both specimens where the structures all the specimen in which he supposed St Cab., PI I, fig 19) corroded, so that the sutures cannot is all in be definitely traced; was (15th which we have several much better preserved, it has an irregular and there are possibly only In none of the other herein) fig it poor preservation, the surface much aspect, the space for the infrabasals looks four-sided, of may one Kentucky Hall's description of an anal plate touching the basal incorrect; four basals (PI II, of other genera, inconstant, being present in the latter the radials meet above the opening in in C bulbosus t This whatever anal tube in front of in the other, as well as in the can be distinctly seen All of New York specimens, there any such plate as he is describes Now as to the so-called anal plate, there which he calls the "interradial," in as one species, G antiqua (Mon Echin The many A Two Eifelk., 97, PI XII), viz: plates, of the marked Id, figures of G a/iirgwa 1/ should be Three No form and size of No is 1, it : Fig lb bisected vertically: l/i Fig la thirtl should be ^; i should be /i ; k) plate at two smaller ones under the usual all, large one: the posterior basal reaching the tegmen, opening being under the right posterior radial: Fig radials and confusion in the designation of several of the other on this Plate: 1^ should be/; plates, plate, in — being the isolated figure between the second and rows from the top; there No them triangular plate, with the radials closing above (erroneously .specimens, six of typical form, with a quadrangular plate between the radials above the opening: Fig and among Schultze enumerates and figures seven different conditions the Eifel specimens of this, the greatest irregularity is Fig Id and the anal le the opening directly through the posterior basal, and the meeting above it: Fig Ic PLATE III iScHULTZICRINtS TYPUS, Sp Onondaga Group, Middle Devonian Fig IIOV Livingston Co., N V Anterior view of specimen with parts of the wide, simple arms, and proximal columnals; the face of a dispUiced brachial exposing dorsal canal and ventral furrow, and the ventral side of another higher up, showing sockets for covering ](/ plates; also joint faces of several detached columnals Posterior view of calyx and base of arms in same specimen; showing anal opening through dorsal cup, with radials meeting above it \lj Ventral side of brachial, showing sockets for covering pieces, and end view X Basal view of calyx of another specimen, showing undivided infrabasal disk, and the quadripartite axial canal; the edge of the anal opening also visible Basal view of much larger calyx, vertically crushed; showing undivided base and le, d 4(1 4h axial opening Lateral view of specimen with part of arms and stem; showing the greatly proNote the very short first IBr jecting nodal columnals and thin iiitcrnddals in this and the next two specimens An internodal columnal; and Ac, a nodal; ilctachcd Another specimen showing extreme disproportion the same specimen, and arms with short IBr; the calyx plates displaced first SCHULTZICRINUS (?) in length of first ELONGATUS, Onondaga Group, ^liddle Devonian Fig I'nini showing the central and four peripheral canals Another specimen with stem, showing shorter intcrnodes; and second IBr sp IIOV Livingston Co., N Y Specimen with part of stem and arms, the latter much shattered and displiiced, but showing that they were long, anil perhaps simple; the broad ventral furrow 7(1 and deep transverse section of brachials, perforated bj' dorsal canal, appear at several places 7b 7c, (/, Cross section of column, showing tripartite axial canal e Dorsal, ventral, and end views of a higher ijrachial with fine, canal X in same specimen, studded sharp tubercles; showing the sockets for covering pieces and the dorsal Myrtillocrinits americanus HalL Onondaga Group, ^Middle Devonian Fig 8a Lateral view of type specimen, showing deep radial facets, with dorsal canal Mus Nat 86 Livingston Co., N Y Hist New York Basal view of same, showing cjuadripartitc axial canal A smaller specimen, showing character of stem Amer Myrtillocrinus Same Fig lOa The specimen (?) LEVIS (Wood) horizon and locality as last described as Triplcurocrinus Irri.i, probably of this genus, having a V S National the dorsal canal in radials seems double tripartite axial canal; Museum lOfc Cross section of stem DiMEROCRINUS SPINIFERUS, 8p nOV Hamilton Group, Middle Devonian, Clark Co., Indiana Fig llf( 11/;, Posterior view of calyx of only specimen found .\nterior, basal, and tegmenal views of same f, (I DORYCRINUS DEVONICUS, Same Fig 12f7 Sp IIOV horizon and locality as last Posterior view of calyx, showing sockets of two sets of perforated spines l^niversity of Chicago \2h, b'? c, d Anterior, basal, and tegmenal views of same, L ant interradial view of larger specimen Mus Springer: NewAmerfcan Fossil Crinoids Plate III % Ic lb ® Id 4b ® 4-c; # ,r