Memoirs MCZ 2606

' 1908 Icmoiis of tbc i^luscum of Compavalibe ^ooIdcjd AT HARVARD COLLEGE Vol XXVI REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF U S FISH COMMISSION STEAMER 1899, TO MARCH, 1900, COMMANDER COMMANDING No OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE "ALBATROSS," FROM AUGUST, JEFFERSON F MOSER, U X THE LANTERN FISHES By CHARLES HENRY GILBERT WITH [Published by permission of SIX PLATES George M Bowers, U S Commissiotter of Fish CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.: PriutcU for tijc ittuseum July, 1908 and Fisheries.] S N., Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz on the U S Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross" from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson T Moser, U S N., comjlajsding X THE LANTERN By CHARLES HENRY GILBERT (Published by permission of Geo M Bowebb, U The PISHES B Commissioner of Fiah and Fisheries.) which form the subject of the present paper, were made by the "Albatross," during the month of September, 1899, on a cruise from San Francisco to the Marquesas Islands and thence to Tahiti of the Society collections, Frequent hauls were taken with the surface net and the open intermediate net to a depth of 300 fathoms Fifteen species of Lantern Fishes were obtained, five of which are described as new, the others being Islands known of variously from Australia, the China Seas, Hawaii, the Pacific Coast One Southern California tropical America, or A from the Eastern Atlantic species very wide distribution is is known also thus shown for the pelagic fishes of the tropical Pacific Myctophum Scopelua affinis affine (Lutken) Lutken, Spolia Atlantica, 1892, Myctophum nitidulum Garnian, 2, p 32 Mem Mus Comp Rhinoscopelua oceanicua Jordan and Everraann, Myctophum margaritatum Zool., 1899, 24, p 266, Bull Gilbert, Bull U S Fish U S Fish Com., Com., 1905, 23, pi, 56, fig 190.3, 22, p 168 p 596, pi 68, fig Direct comparison of types has failed to develop any differences between 3Ii/ctophum affine fi-om M the from the Atlantic and 31 nitidulum, The M oceanicum, and name, affine, is here used The species has been shown to be abundant throughout the Hawaiian Group as far to the west as Laysan Island and as far to the northeast as viwfjaritatum Lat N 28° 13' 42", Long Pacific W 145° 44' oldest The present collection extends the EXPEDITION OE THE "ALBATROSS," 218 1899-1900 almost directly south to the Marquesas Islands, as shown by the following list of stations range from this point is : Lat N 17° 32' Long W 13.5° 40' 10° 57' 35" 137° 35' 25" 3° 28' 136° 54' 1° 45' 137° 36' Marquesas Islands (approximately) Lat S 9° Throughout Long shows a striking uniformity this extensive area, the species The photophores are invariable in \V 139° 45' number and position, except in the anal For comparison with the extensive Hawaiian collections previou.sly reported, we give below the variation in the antero- and postero-anals in the series 17 specimens of the present collection, the two sides of each specimen being listed separately Antero-anals, in cases, in 23 cases, 10 in cases : ; 8+5 postero-anals, in 21 cases, in 13 cases; 5, 35", + in 15, + Long.W 137° aging one Hawaiian less in 8, 10 35' 25" + in occurs in cases, The three specimens from have the numbers + in Lat N 10° 57' ^ {g + q {s than the others in this collection t and 18 in ^'^"^ ^^e*"" that from the Islands In the type of M nitidulum, the anals are + on one side, other Myctophum evermanni Bull U S Fish Com., 1905, 23, Eleven specimens from the following Lat N Gilbert p 597, pi localities : 70, fig + on tlie THE LANTERN FISHES specimens and on one side of others ; + 219 occurs bilaterally in specimen, + bilaterally in + occurs unilaterally in specimens This species has been compared with specimens of M humboldti and ; M californicnse and is very distinct from both Myctophum reinhardti Lutken Scopelus reinhardtii Lutken, Spolia Atlantica, 1892, 2, p 257, Myctophum atratum Garman, Mem Mus Comp Zool., 1899, braueri Cilbert, Bull U S Fish Com., 1905, 23, Myctophum phum (Lampanyctus) braueri Lonnberg, fig 16 24, p 268 p 598, pi 70, fig 1; not Mycto- Zobl Anz., 1905, 28, p 764 Six young specimens from near the equator, Lat N 1° 45', Long W The anals number 11 to 13 instead of 13 to 15, as in Hawaiian 137' 36' The following combinations are present As + in 1, 5+7 in 1, + in specimens + in 3, : in + in D cases, spinostis, the southern specimens show a lower average number of photophores, but the The limited amount of the material makes the comparison inadequate type of M atratum, from near the entrance to the Gulf of California, was in rather poor condition, so the number of posterior anals could not be determined with certainty Six can be made out on one side of the type specimen and on the other, but others may have been present in life having 11 dorsal and 16 anal rays and with antero-anal photophores varying from to 7, seemed to indicate Examination of the two specimens a species distinct from this Pacific form Liitken's account of M reinhardti as however, that they represent two 18° 10' very distinct species The one figured by him, from 34' 22' N Lat., W Long., may be considered the type, and has 14 dorsal and 24 anal rays, which Lutken designated as in M atratum differences appear men, which belongs On as types shows, comparison with the latter no important Liitken's fin-counts were taken from his second specidirect to a species still undescribed EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 220 1899-1900 Dasyscopelus spinosus (Steindachnek) Scopelua spinosus Steixdachner, Twenty specimens The number + + cases, ; in in W Long Long W 136° Lat S 15° 24' 30" Long Lat S 16^ 39' Long of individuals is in cases, Thus localities : 13.5° 40- W W 54' 147° 59' 40" 149 11' too limited for satisfactory comparison with The photophores + pi 3, fig were obtained at the following Lat N S" 28' as follows: 7 in 3, cases of this species akad wiss Wien, 1867, 55, p 711, Lat N 13= 32' Hawaiian material numbers Sitz the anal series are present of 7+6 7+7 in 20, in 9, in the anterior group, occurs in G 33 + in in 3, cases, in the posterior group occurs in case, in 12 cases, in 23 and in cases Comparing these with data given material (Bull U S Fish Com., 1905, 23, p 599), it for Hawaiian appears that the more southerly specimens average one less photophore in the anal series The total number varies from 12 to 14, 13 prevailing, while in Hawaiian material the range was from 13 to 15 with 14 prevailing In the southern material, the number is absent from the anterior group, and occurs not infrequently, while in Hawaiian similar difference found species, is common and very rare A the posterior group The serrations on the scales are very evident in specimens 30 mm long, but are not apparent in those 20 mm long The serrations develop first on is in the scales along the dorsal profile behind the dorsal fin Dasyscopelus pristilepis Gilbert & Cramer (iilbert & Cramer, Fish Com., 1905, 23, Proc U S Nat Mus., 1897, 19, p 412, pi 39, fig Three young specimens from the following stations Lat N 1° 45' Long Lat S 16° 39' In the specimen, number 7+5 ; GUbert, Bull U S p 600 of anal Long photophores bilaterally in another, + + W W 4 and : 137' 36' 149° 11' occurs + bilaterally in the third in one THE LANTERN FISHES Dasyscopelus asper Myctophum asperum Richardson, W 1899, in Lat N 3° 28', Long Marquesas Islands Most nearly related to (Richardson) & Ichth Erebus Four specimens not exceeding 20 mm 136° Myctophum 221 Terror, 1845, p 41, pi 27, figs 13-15 long, taken at the surface Sept 8, 54', about 700 miles north of the pristilepis, Gilbert & Cramer, from the more compressed head, the blunter, somewhat projecting snout, the much smaller eye, which is far below the upper profile, the more angulated supra-anals, and the slightly Hawaiian more Islands, distant precaudals Measurements 32 ; eye ; in differing in the higher, The number of anal photophores hundredths of length axial length of snout 4.5 to base of caudal greatest depth ; is of larger length of head : body 26 ; least depth of caudal peduncle distance from snout to front of dorsal 46 base of ventrals 47 to front of anal 62 to adipose dorsal 82 ; ; to ; ; Dorsal 13, anal 17, pectoral 15, lateral line 37 Head and body comparatively deep and compressed, eye below the upper profile, beyond premaxillaries small, well snout high and compressed, slightly protruding Maxillary little widened extending posteriorly, beyond eye a distance less than half orbital diameter Teeth all straight, in very narrow bands, consisting of a series of somewhat longer teeth with Cheeks not oblique, the posterior border of smaller ones interspersed preopercle vertically rounded Pectorals long, extending to or slightly ventrals reaching vent, inserted a ray under the last of the dorsal, Scales mostly fallen, those beyond middle ; behind origin of dorsal first anal last rays under the adipose fin trifle its of ventrals ; present showing a few coarse serroe Two minute antorbital photophores, one above the other below level of nostrils, the two connected by a narrow black bar Supra-pectoral slightly nearer upper infra-pectoral opposite base of lower than the first pair pectoral ray, the lower infra-pectoral nearer the upper of ventrals First pair of ventral photophores nearest the median line, the pectoral fin than lateral line ; second, third, and fourth pairs nearly equidistant from it, the fifth pair EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 222 more divergent, but not markedly so shorter than interval but little interval between third and fourth ; and fourth pairs shortest, that betveeen the 1899-1900 fifth but slightly longer ; second Supra-ventrals slightly nearer first First pair of ventral photophores nearly in ventral fins than lateral line the others farther apart and equidistant from median line, the fourth pair at the sides of the vent and somewhat ancontact on median line, terior to it; second interval longest, the first shortest immediately below lateral line on its Upper supra-anal seventeenth scale, and in a vertical line middle supra-anal slightly nearer passing through the second anal ray upper supra-anal than fourth ventral, in an oblique line joining the two ; ; lower supra-anal below and well in advance of middle supra-anal, in a Antero-anals (6 in one line joining middle supra-anal with first ventral specimen), equally spaced, forming a gently curved line with the concavity downwards behind Postero-lateral immediately below lateral line, above or slightly Postero-anals last antero-anal the interspace a Precaudals 2, in an oblique wider than that separating those of anal little In the four specimens before us, the anal photophores ^7 + ^7 + ^6 + + 5,^7 + 5,^7 + 4,^6 + ^7+5 ^7 line, series number as follows : 5 General color very light brown, marked with distinct blackish spots distributed as follows one immediately behind nape, one before dorsal fin, : one at base of adipose fin, — these all on median line ; a humeral spot ; a very small spot at base of caudal It seems highly probable that D naufntgm Waite (Waite, Records Australian Museum, 1904, 154, 5, p pi 18, fig 3), should be placed in the synon- by the author being drawn from the somewhat inaccurate drawing of the immature type of D aspcr omy of this species, the differences indicated Rhinoscopelus tenuiculus (Gakman) Myctopbum tenuiculum A (jarman, single specimen, 50 N 10° 57' 35", Long W mm Mem Mug long, was taken September 137' 35' 25" (Zool Anz., 1904, 28, p 390) to be a Conip Zool., 1899, 24, p 262, The species synonym of is R 4, pi J, fig 1896, in Lat considered by Brauer coccoi, but comparison THE LANTERN FISHES 223 with specimens of the latter from the Atlantic Coast of the United States R tenidculus has a much off Cape Hatteras shows that the two are distinct larger head, larger eye with deeper, blunter, scarcely protruding snout, and The mouth is smaller compared with length of head much The curved than the lower, the two nearly equally upper profile is much more curved in coccoi In the single specimen before us, the ventral fins contain but seven rays, as in Garman's type, while in all specimens of R coccoi which we have examined no outer rudimentary Scales along dorsal and there were eight ventral rays ventral ray could be detected in either form ; ventral outlines produced and narrowed backward, terminating in an acute in R tenuiculus than in R coccoi point which is more pronounced of comparison, there is given below a table of comparative For purposes measurements of R tenidculus without caudal and R coccoi in hundredths of total length EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 224 1899-1900 Centrobranchus choerocephalus Eowler Proc Ac Nat Sci., Phila., 1903, 55, p 754 ; Gilbert, Bull U S Fish Com., 23, p 594 190,5, pi 69, fig One small specimen, from Lat S 16° 39', Long "W 149° extends the 11', range from the Hawaiian Islands to a point well south of the Equator No differences are apparent between this and northern specimens The anals number + + 10 on 11 on one side, the other Diaphus nanus, Plate sp nov Type 17 mm long, from Hydrographic Station 3798 (A A 27), near Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Group taken in open intermediate net from ; surface to 300 fathoms Most nearly related to D theta Eigenmann and Eigenmann, from the coast of California, agreeing with this species in snout, but its its short, bluntly roundeil pair of small circular preocular organs, which are directed forwards, and are closely approximated on the median line also short and narrow, often with a the subocular organ little visible laterally, of the snout ; i.s The minute detached point posteriorly species differs from D ihda other respects in the more slender form, the more elevated first among antero-unal, the angulated supra-anals, and the closer approximation to the lateral line of the upper supra-anal, the postero-lateral, and the fourth precaudal Dicqilms fiik/cns Brauer apparently has the preocular not circular in shape, widely visible laterally, and the upper series of photophores more distant from the lateral line Measurements head 31 in hundredths of total length to base of caudal : length of depth of head at occiput 21 axial length of snout diameter of eye 12 least depth length of maxillary 19 greatest depth of body 23 of caudal peduncle 11 distance from snout to origin of dorsal 48; to in; ; ; ; ; ; ; sertion of ventrals 46: to origin of anal 61 D 13; A 13; P 12; V all rudiments, Br ; lateral line ; longest gill-raker 36; gill-rakers + 13, includiuj,' THE LANTERN midway between nearly Brauer in 235 We and second precaudal latter not follow counting the two anterior precaudals with the postero-anals in cases like the present in to Brauer, FISHES which no gap separates the two such an interval may or may series According not occur in different individuals of In both specimens, the luminous scales are four in number L macropteriis on back of caudal peduncle and nine below, the most anterior of the lower luminous scales being under the interspace between second and third postero-anals (not under fifth postero-anal as in L mac7'opterus) The general of was evidently dark, blackish on opercles and at bases Vertical fins with fine wavy lines, due to pigment along the fins color lines of articulation of the rays A second specimen, here designated as co-type, of equal length and from the same locality Lampanyctus stilbius, Plate sp nov G Type 20 mm long from Hydrographic Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Group, taken Station 3798 (A A 27), near in open intermediate net be- tween the surface and a depth of 300 fathoms Near L gueniheri, diflfering in the presence of photophores on the cheeks and in having numerous minute scattered photophores on head and body, in having instead in arrangement of eye is of ventral photophores, and in a number and supra-anal photophores the more closely allied to L hiigipes Brauer (Die thoracic, ventral, anal, It also larger of details is still ; Tiefseefische, 1906, p 236, text-fig 155), but has the preocular on the ventral instead of the dorsal side of the nostril Measurements head 36 23 ; ; in hundredths of diameter of eye 13 greatest depth of snout to dorsal 51 Dorsal ; ; total lens'th without caudal axial length of snout ; : lentrth of length of maxillary body 22; deptli of caudal peduncle 9; distance from to ventral 52 ; to anal 58 11; anal 13; pectoral 15; lateral line about 38 Snout short but not bluntly rounded eye very large, more than one-third length of head maxillary moderately widened posteriorly, extending beyond eye a distance not much exceeding half its diameter; body slender ; ; EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 236 A 1899-1900 small but distinct antorbital photopliore between the orbit and the lower edge of nostril Three small photophores on the cheek near the posterior border of the orbit, and apparently a fourth immediately above the maxillary near its end Apparently a small humeral spot present above Upper pectoral spot on the anterior part of opercle in front of pectoral fin just and a 5, lateral line, the second above the middle of the base, the third below behind the second, the three about in a straight line Thoracics the fourth pair elevated, vertically over middle of interspace between little and photophores of first pair separated from second pair by an interspace longer than distance from second to fifth pairs third pair about equidistant from second and fifth pairs; photophores of first pair very close together, those of second pair but little farther apart, those of third third fifth pairs ; ; pair widely distant (three times the width separating first pair), photophores of fifth pair apparently larger than the others, nearer together than those of This condition is very third pair, farther apart than those of second pair different from that pairs form 4, first, second, third, and fifth Supra-ventrals on the lateral line the anterior pair opposite middle ventral rays and a removed from them pair, a little than L guentheri, where the two regularly diverging Ventral photophores little in lines second pair elevated, above and behind the first lower than fourth thoracics thii-d pair but slightly neai'er fourth ; ; the photophores of third pair a first pair, of fourth j)air, the latter at sides of vent little farther apart than those Supra-anals slightly angulated, the upper distinctly above lateral line, vertically above second anal ray, the second above the first anal ray, the third above the fourth ventral pair line ; trifle nearer the lower than the upper one of the series and lower supra-anals passing through the third vcntrals joining middle second supra-anal a ; forming a slight w^-shaped curve, the first a little nearer anal base than the following, the sixth slightly diverging, the seventh more so, the interspaces equal or nearly so the curve of the last Antero-anals 7, ; antero-anids crossing lateral line well lateral first above the lateral precaudal line behind the postero-lateral Postero- Postero-anals 4, the last well separated from Precaudals or 4, the two lower well-developed, horizon- approximated at base of rudimentary rays of caudal, the upper above lateral line, the third intermediate in position, sometimes faint or absent tally placed, THE LANTERN FISHES 237 Minute scattered photophores on head and body, but the integument largely rubbed off, so these are now visible infrequently and are not represented in Luminous scales can be made out only on upper and lower the drawino- sides of caudal peduncle, but such were probably present at base of ventrals and of anterior dorsal and anal rays Short luminous patches on upper and lower margins of caudal peduncle, not extending more than one-third distance from caudal rays to anal and adipose fins Paired broken, their length uncertain fins behind origin of dorsal ; ; ventrals inserted a trifle anal originating slightly behind last dorsal ray ; last anal rays adipose dorsal over in poor condition single small specimen A Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman) Maurolicus lucetius Garman, Mem Mus Comp Zool., 189.9, 24, p 242, pi J, fig Several small specimens, in poor condition, from Hydrographic Station 3798 (A A 27), near the Marquesas Islands It is not clear in what respects from typical V attenuata (Cocco) from the Atlantic, as characterized by Lutken and Bellotti (see Lutken, Spolia Atlantica, ScopeIn its slender habit, posterior anus, and the limitalini, 1892, pp 270-2) this species differs tion of silvery number pigment to the preanal region, as also in the of photophores, it agrees with attenuata somewhat smaller On the other hand, Zalarges nimbarius Jordan and Williams (Proc Cal Ac Sci., 1895, ser 2, 5, p 793, pi 76), a true Viiic/(/uerria, agrees with V poweriae (Cocco) from deeper form, anterior position of anus, the extension of the silvery pigment to near the base of the caudal fin and the increased number of photophores Lutken was unable to distinguish attenuata and the Atlantic in poiveriae is valid, its on the examination of a large amount of material it may well prove that lucetia and nimbaria are the tatives of a variable must be used not as given The If his conclusion Pacific represen- and widespread species for which the name attenuata dorsal fin contains 14 rays in the types of Z nimbarius, EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES PLATE Diajjhus nanus Gilbert Hydrographic Station 3798 (A A 27), near Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands PLATE Diaphus agassizii Gilbert Hydrograpliic Station 3798 (A A 21), near Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands PLATE Diaphus signutns Hydrographic Station 3798 (A A 27), near PLATE Gilbert Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands Laynpanyctus townsendl (Eigenniann and Eigenuiaiin) Hydrographic Station 3797 (A A 25), near PLATE Ua Huka, Lampanyctus omostiyma Pacific Ocean, 10° 57' 35" N Lat., 137° 35' 25" the Marquesas Islands PLATE Lampanyctus Marquesas Islands Gilbert W Long., about 1,000 miles north of st'dbius Gilbert Hydrographic Station 3798 (A A 27), near Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands CO CO LiJ CO \ Oc:: CO LaJ as CO X CO , — CQ CO £2 CO CO CO £2 UJ u- est CQ S5 — CO i CO CO LiJ LaJ c5 CO CO U-1