FERNS BRITISH AND EXOTIC V01, LOWE

FjO T FERNS: BUmSH AND EXOTIC VOLUME I CONTAINING G Y M N O G R A M M A N O T H O C H L JE N A NIPHOBOLUS POLYPODIUM, E J LOWE, ESQ., F.R.A.S., i?^ PART F.G.S., Hon Mem Dublin Nat Hist Soc, Mem Geolog M.B.M.S., Soc Edinb., etc LONDON: GllOOMBEIDGE AND SONS, 5, M DCCC LVI PATEENOSTEE EOW U^^^ GYMNOGRAMMA CHRYSOPHyi,LA Young Frond— under I side ^^^^ J.D.S. CONTENTS OF VOL I Plate Page Gymnogramma - A 13 y v 11 efFusum Fortuni ^'" fraxinifolium xii 29 u- grandidens xi 27 />r- xix a 55 irioides r laclinopodium 35 xix b 57 xvii a 47 longipes xvi a 43 phegopteris a 51 xviii ,;.- 4- see 81 133 xliii 129 xxvii 83 xxiii 73 B 127 95 xl 119 XXX 93 xlis 143 xlviii A 139 xlii A 125 xxxiii 99 xxiv 75 xxix 91 xxvi A 79 XXV 77 phyllitidis xxxi ^^' xiv a V 131 xlii Henckmanii hexagonopterum incanum o- 137 xliv xiv diversifolium dryopteris xlvii xxvis m: see deflexum crenatum 15 Catharinas iii argentea vi e villosa distans tomentosa totta m v.^' 3.) sulphurea ]N^otlioclila3na chry- (see sopliylla, A BiUardieri < -V' pliymatodes t-r xiu 33 "^ piloselloides xix c 59 'X" plumula B 53 xvii B 49 errata.) nivea XV A 39 XV B 41 '^' triehomanoides xiv B 37 J- vestita xvi B 45 xxii 67 xxi 65 XX 63 xviii squamosa tenera ,|, ; tonaentosa Niphobolus lingua pertusus ,'j rupestris j vr Eobertianum '^ aepultum tV" squamulosum nifa vaccinifolium v-f vulgare 123 xxviii 87 101 145 tetragonum venosum 97 xHb xxxiv A subauriculatum 'Jf xxxii xxxvii 109 xlvi 135 A 121 XXXV 105 xxxriii 111 xli INTRODUCTION FerisSj or, as they are usually termed, Filices, are the highest division cryptogamic botany of They are leafy plants, the from a rhizoma, this rhizoma creeping upon, or below, the surface of the ground, or rising upwards leaflets, or fronds, rising into the air In the Linneean system Ferns are the division Filices, of the twenty-fourth second termed class, of "Lindley's class Cryptogamia Natural They System," are and There are no Acrogens, the division being Filicales in the called are than less one hundred and ninety-two genera, and two thousand and forty species, about one half of which are now cultivated in Great Britain Ferns, by their exquisite beauty, great variety, and singularity of the reproductive organs, deservedly rank high amongst cultivated plants Among them may be found innumerable diversity of form, size, and habit of growth; almost in all parts tropical regions Some bearing feet, fifty they are to be of the globe, but most species their grow to elegant fronds those of the Norfolk Island attitudes, met with abundantly in the the height of forty or in the most graceful Tree Fern, the Dick- sonia Antarctica, frequently measure twenty feet, while on the hand those of the diminutive Hymenophyllum Tunbrid- other gense the —a British Lygodium example, scarcely exceed an inch; others, as twine round the nearest support in fan- tribe, Some varieties owe their chief powder covering the under side of the wreaths in every direction tastic beauty to the farinose fronds, sometimes of a rich golden hue, in others of a silvery whiteness As decorative plants in our hothouses and conservatories Ferns stand unrivalled which True they not possess the gorgeous col- one period or other of their growth, forms the chief glory of most other plants which we so diligently cultiour, vate; at but, notwithstanding this, the evergreen species of Ferns maintain an unfailing interest; young fronds, with their delicate INTRODUCTION VI more mature' ones constantly appearing, and tints are tliey as pass through the different stages towards fructification, gain fresh beauty in every change An argument in their favour is, that in many where other plants could not exist Ferns will not only grow but impart a character which can be attained by no other means Although Ferns are now so generally cultivated, yet perhaps additional situations, no of plants class from the great so is difficulty little understood of the subject, for in no other find such uncertainty both in classification from the no work fact that the reach of shall all, This arises partly which, whilst being within exists possess accurate coloured figures of the plants described, without the assistance of which it form the chief desideratum it is between the almost is many impossible to detect the minute differences which in stances we and names, and partly in- species This the object of the author of the present work distinctioii works of Sir William Hooker, Bauer, Blume, Bolton, Brown, Dryander, Fee, Willdenow, Sprengel, Greville, Hedwig, Kaulfuss, Kunze, Link, Martens, Galeotti, Moore, Newman, Plumier, Presl, Sadler, Schkuhr, supply, to for Suminski, Schott, valuable the Swartz, Weber, Mohr, Smith, Langsdorf, Fischer, Gaudichaud, Bory, Mirbel, Lindsay, Desvaux, Linnaeus, etc., not contain are either too expensive, or all the informa- tion required in the present day Although the present work is exclusively confined delineation of the Ferns indigenous or introduced into to the England from other countries, still a few words upon the Ferns of the Ancient World will not prove uninteresting There are fossil as well as recent Ferns, and of the former species all which now remains of them are their pictures, printed by nature upon Nevertheless in some instances, stones these monuments are so perfect, that occasionally not only are the veinlets accurately imprinted, but the form of fructification The is beautifully shown great majority of the fossil Ferns are found in the coal measures, and nearly all the species are arborescent, and this more remarkable, because in the present is day no Tree Ferns grow in Great Britain, clearly illustrating last feature the that a very different climate existed in this country then, than we now enjoy If we turn to the Tropical regions we can VU INTRODUCTION Tree Ferns of great size are there flourit is not improbable in that far-distant period, when Ferns were arborescent in England, that a much find a still parallel, consequently ishing, warmer temperature, a tropical climate then existed more humid air, and in short a more perhaps not generally known, except It is Ferns found of the to Geologists, that none of the species have been found fossil, growing in the present age Of the briefly Ferns, fossil enumerated following the may classification be : —Two —Pour Pacliypteris species: Gydopteris species from the in the oolite formation coal formation, one in the and one in the transition rocks oolite, Sijhenopteris — ]N"early forty species in —Two in the Neuropteris —Twenty-four species Olossopteris the coal, one in the lias, and one oolite species in the coal, three in the red sandstone, —Five — One —Three Pecopteris— Sixty Odontopteris Anomopteris Toeniopteris new the species in the coal formation species in the lias, and one —Two coal, in the beds red sandstone and oolite ten in the oolite, two above the chalk species in the coal formation — One — One Clatliropteris new species in the has species in the Loncliopteris one in of Savoy anthracite in the muschelkalk, and one in the species in the lias species in the coal measure Schizopteris Otopteris Caidopteris Altogether enumerating about one hundred and seventy species, amongst which some of the most beautiful are Pecopteris adiantoides , Loncliopteris Mantelli, Tceniopteris vittata, Neurop- and Sphenopteris crenata In conclusion it will be necessary, in as few words as possible, to describe the various terms which will be used from time to time in the delineation of the Ferns; and I cannot this teris Loshii, better than Odontopteris minor, adopt the excellent descriptions given in "Smith's genera of Ferns:" Ferns consist of fronds or leaves, which are produced from the fronds unfold in a spiral manner, and are a rhizoma; VIU I]SITRODUCTION From traversed by veins the under surface of these veins are produced, mostly unilocular, although occasionally multilocular, termed sporangia, which contain the reproductive sporules, cases, or seeds The rhizoma is a creeping, root-like from the base of which, root or caudex, coespitose descend and fronds ascend fibres The fronds are very various in form, texture, and dimensions They are sessile or stipitate, being attached to the rhizoma by a lateral articulation; terminal, the they are or decurrent, of which united bases and persistent, produce the progressing rhizoma From that so the immense number of much variation in species, form and size it not remarkable is occurs; being linear- lanceolate to deltoid, and from under an inch to twenty feet in length, and from a simple and entire times pinnate and multifid; being similar in the fronds or its parts to simple a have sometimes scattered membranous frond the many pinna or segment The over them Frequently scales once or frond to each ultimate barren surface hairs, and of glands, fruitful fronds differ, the latter being often contracted, and differing in appearance The veins of the fronds differ very considerably in different produced equally from each side of a midrib, (costa.) Secondly, they radiate from the axis of development, the costa being evanescent Thirdly, they are developed from one side of an eccentric or unilateral costa They are tribes First, they are either as a simple or line, are once or repeatedly branched dichotomously; or the primary or principal veins are costoeform and pinnate venules, being apices of these The branches either to simple venules are or these principal branched, and either termed the ends or veins, and terminate at or within the margin, in which case they are called direct; or all free, by a continuous anastomosing which runs parallel with, and close to, the margin, when termed transverse marginal; or, the ends of the venules of their apices are joined together vein, it is each fascicle anastomose with the ends of the proximate fascicle, and produce on the points where they meet, (or exterior side,) one or more outwardly directed (excurrent,) tertiary veins, (veinlets,) which are either free, terminaeither angularly or arcuated, ting in the areoles or margin, or anastomose in the angular INTRODUCTION next the of junction superior pair IX venules; of or the all and combined, forming equal or unequal sided areoles, with all the veins joined together, when they are termed reticulated; or they are irregularly joined, venations are nearly uniform whilst at the same time the areoles have produced from their branched or brachiate, straight or uncinate, free or conniving veins, which terminate excurrent or recurrent, sides, in the unequal sided When tomosing and are called compound areoles, termed external, but when buried in the and then frequently itself, anas- the veinlets are superficial and distinct, plane or elevated, they are frond simple indistinct, internal THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS The sporangiferous receptacle is a thickened point or length- ened portion of the ultimate venules; when apex, it medial; is when between called terminal; when on the point of the it is formed on their and apex, their base forking, axillary; when on the angular crossings, or points of confluence of two or more whole of the disc of the frond is changed in texture, and occupied closely by the sporangia, amorphous Mostly superficial, sometimes immersed, venules, compital; when a portion (internal,) or considerably elevated The sporangia are globose, unilocular cases, and each or the and then globose or columnar oval, or pyriform, surrounded by an is transparent articu- elastic lated ring, or without a ring, then sometimes oblong opaque, multilocular are produced They in mostly pedicellate, very rarely crowded masses termed very seldom tacle, are solitary number frequently abortive and deformed The sori are collections of sporangia, and have form, position, and dimension sessile; on each recep- sometimes pilose, few; or sori, and and a same the the receptacles, consequently as are round, elongated, or amorphous, and are placed on or close margin of the frond or segment, (called marginal,) or between the margin and midrib, (intramarginal,) or close to to the the midrib, (costal;) making a continuous when or elongated, are either oblong or linear, broken line, the midrib or margin, (transverse.) Avith rises a membranaceous covering, from the receptacle, and are naked, that is is forming an with angle 'ihe sori are each furnished called an indusium, of various forms; without an indusium or which the sori POLYPODIUM SQUAMULOSUM 14'6 I know nothing of the fertile fronds; the sterile ones are simple, erect in growth, and oblong-elliptical in form, coriaceous, attenuated the at base, and being articulated on a densely wrapping over each other In the young state they are nearly white, becoming pale brown when more mature The rhizoma is branched and creeping Length of frond from two to three inches; colour a dull scaly rhizoma, the scales heavy green The frond being My less is prettily veined, like Polypodmm venosurn, but transparent the veins are not so plainly visible thanks are due to Mr Henderson, of Wentworth, for a P squamulosum It is in the Fern Catalogues of R Parker, of Holloway; Booth and Son, of Hamburg; and Kennedy, of Covent Garden The illustration is from a plant in my own collection nice plant of END OF B FAWCET'J-, vol, J EXGKAVER AND PRIXTEE, DRIFFIELD GLOSSARY FOE I Terminating in a long taper point Acuminate Growing Adnate VOL When Alternate to, or attached throughout the Avhole length the pinn» are not opposite each other, they are said to be alternate When Amorphotis a part or the whole of the altered in texture, the form of the disc When all the apices of the veins are joined with another vein; or the veins re-unite, they are said Apices The extreme The plural throughout Approximate end Where together a part lies close Near to, but not united Attenuated Becoming narrower towards either extremity Aiiriculate Eared The upper angle formed by the attachment to its it is on the point of the forking of the venules, axillary is Fronds without Barren Bifid of a leaf or branch support If the receptacle Axillary another to whole length its Jointed Articulated Axil together to anastomose of apex Pressed Appressed is When is indistinct Anastomosiyig Apex frond and closely occupied by the sporangia fructification Divided into two Binate of a Where a common leaf is composed of two petiole, or two equal parts Deeply divided Bipartile where a simple into two Twice-divided leaves Bipinnate petioles of a leaflets parts Where the leaflets on being themselves on the primary VOL In two rows I tlie secondary doubly compound leaf are arranged in a manner, the secondary petioles Biserial placed at the end leaf is nearly divided into C pinnate similarly placed GLOSSAEY 148 Nearly twice tripinnate Bisubtripinnate Twice Bitripinnate See Tripinnate tripinnate Twice Bitripinnatifid See tripinnatifid Tripinnatifid The young plants growing on the parent Bulhilles When Calyciform the indusium is attached frond round the margin of all the receptacle The Theca Cells for the reception of seeds Capsules of Terns Tailed, or tail-pointed Caudate A Caudex stem or main-trunk Form Caudiciform When Central of a tail indusium the is from produced the centre the of receptacle When Circinate young fronds unfold the in a scroll-like form; being from the summit towards the base rolled inAvards Coespitose Densely crowded in turf-like patches Compital Crosswaj'-, where several ways meet If the receptacle is on the angular crossings or points of confluence of two or more venules When Confluent the seed vessels spread so as to join and make a connected mass, spread more or less over the frond Meeting or touching one another, when two parts are in Contiguous contact through their whole length Shaped Cordate-hastate An When like a heart below, the apex being arrow-headed Cordate- ovate oval-heart shape, broad at the base Coriaceous of a leathery consistency Costa The midrib Costal of the frond Belonging to the ribs; when seed vessels are situated near the midrib, they are costal When Crenate the frond Crenato-serrate A is toothed on the edge, in regular rounded teeth combination of crenate and serrate Crenate Crenulate Wedge-shaped Cuneate Perns are deciduous that are without leaves in the winter Deciduous Decompound Thrice pinnate When Decurrent merges into the leaf portion extends down the stem, and gradually it Deflexed Bending gradually downwards through the whole length Dentate Toothed; when the edge of the frond Without pinnae Where any part subdivides is jagged Devoid of Pinnce Dichotomous into two branches, and each of these again into two others Extended, spread out Dilatate Dimidiate all Fully developed on one side of the midrib, and scarcely at on the other GLOSSARY 49 Divided into two wedge-shaped parts Dimidiato-cuneate Like ebony Eleneous Drawn out, lengthened, long in Mong ate- acuminate Long, and drawn out Elongate Emarginate comparison with to breadth its a point Slightly notched at the summit, as if a piece were cut out Sword-shaped Ensiform Consisting of one piece; not divided Entire-frond Hooked; plane and curved, with the edges parallel Mealy; a powder found on some species of Perns Falcated Farina Where Fasciculate several similar parts originate at the same spot, and are collected close together Colour of rusty iron Ferruginous A Fertile fruitful frond Cylindrical and slender, like a thread Filiform Fan-shaped; rounded at the apex, and wedge-shaped at the Flahellate base Winding tortuous Flexuous-veins veins, bending to and fro in opposite directions The Frond leaf of a Fern The reproductive Fructification Smooth, without Glabrous Having Glandulose scales hairs glands Covered with Imbricate organs Reddish green hairs or Fusco-pulescent scales, overlaping each other like the tiles of a house When Inciso-serrate A Indusimn the edges are sharply cut in teeth-like form skin which covers the thin sporangia or seed vessels of some Ferns When Intramarginal midrib, it is Laciniated Fringed Lanceolate When more are situated between margin and be intramarginal; the veins extend from end to end, and are rather distant in the middle of the leaf Lanceolate- ac^iminate Lateral seed vessels said to When Narrow, and tapering indusium Fixed on one Lateral-frond Linear -filiform Cylindrical, at each end produced on one side of the receptacle is side and with margins parallel, the length being great in comparison with the breadth Linear leaf When the divergent veins extend from the base parenchyma; when both are examples Lobed are but slightly distant, and to the apex, inclosing Separated into lobes sides are parallel, only a narrow slip of the leaves of grasses 150 GLOSSAEY Lunate Crescent- shaped Eesembling Marcliantia or Liverwort, MarcTiantiaform wliicb seedling Ferns very nearly Wlien seed Marginal on or close vessels are to the margin of a frond, they are marginal Medial If the receptacle is somewhere between the apex and the base of the venules Membranaceous \ Membranous ) r^ The Midrib , membranes —thin ,, covering centre vein, the costa In many rows Multiserial When Oblique » ,- • Consisting or \ when the seed vessels, elongated, are at an angle with the midrib A Oblong -linear Wider Obovate Ovate When lengthened elliptical form at the apex than base the development —egg-shaped Rhomboidal egg-shaped Ovate-rhomboidal Pedate — egg-shaped greater at the base than at the apex is Palmate, with the addition of further subdivisions in the lateral portions Having a Pedicellate Pedicels pedicel Stalks Pentangular Deltoid Purnished with a Petiolate petiole — Petiole Poot-stalk of a frond or leaf Pinnce Single leaflets in pinnate fronds When Pinnce- alternate leaf-stalk the pinna? are not arranged opposite each other Separate leaves arranged along each side of the midrib, and Pinnate divided quite to the rachis When Pinnatifid yet not quite Pinnato-pinnatifid The Pinnules the edge of the frond is cut in deep segments, nearly, down to the rachis The compound of pinnate and leaf- like divisions pinnatifid of the pinnse; a leaflet of a compound frond Posterior -side Querciform Rachis That side which is behind Hairy Pubescent The Oak-leaf form stalk of a frond; that portion where the leaves or pinnae are situated Radicles Receptacle The descending The organ of roots The small fructification roots or fibres That spot amongst the veins where the capsules are placed Genera and by its position with regard to the veins species are determined GLOSSAKT Turned back, Reflexed so as to Reniform Kidney-shaped Replicate Doubled down so 151 approach the base that the upper part comes in contact with the lower Turned Revolute from backwards extremity the upon the under side The margin turned back The stem from which the Revolute-margin The Rhizoma root stem and the fronds Somewhat of the form Rough or wrinkled Furnished with Scaly The Segments When Sessile like a Notched Serrulate scales any parts or organs saw on the edges a small saw on the edges subdivisions of Notched Serrate like without a petiole or leaf-stalk Simple-frond An Simple Single veins without branches veins entire undivided frond The depression between two projections clusters of capsules, which are a mass Sinuses Little Sori descend, of a rhomboid Rhomboidal Rugose roots rise of cellular substance and germinate indifferently from any part of without cotyledons, their substance Sori-effuse When Sphagnum A Sporangia The seed A spread out vessels containing the sporules Seed cases Sporangia Sporangiferous Sporules sori water moss number of contained cells in the sori from which new plants are produced Star-like Stellate-pubescence manner round a or scales, disposed in a radiating Barren frond Sterile-frond Stipes hairs centre The foot-stalk of the frond, that portion below the pinnae or leaves Sulauriculate Subcrenate Slightly jagged Subimbricate Nearly imbricate Almost without a Subsessile Suhterminal Terminal Nearly- eared Nearly twice pinnate Subbipinnate When the venules, Ternate the sporangiferous receptacle it is Arranged by Ternate rachis leaf- stalk Near the extremity said to be terminal threes Ternate stalk is formed on the apex of 52 GLOSSARY Transverse "When seed run parallel or margiu the veins are rolled inwards from the summit vessels witli the midrib, of the frond Tripinnate Thrice pinnate Triquadripinnate Three times quadripinnate Terminating abruptly Truncate Unilateral Unilocular On one sideWith onlj^ one cell Uniserial A Venation The arrangement of single row Venation- circinate When veins towards the base Venule A Viviparous veinlet Having the property of reproducing plants on the fronds independent of the seed vessels INDEX TO VOL I [Those Ferns having an authority attached, are the respective names adopted in this Work, of which a more woodcuts, description, together Avith Coloured Illustration, and one or given.] is PAGE, Acrostichum aculeatum albidulum album 33 calomelanos canariense catanense clirysopliyllum ebenum ferruginosum Marautee Marantha; polypodioicles pteroides sinuatum subcordatuin sulphureum velleum Adiantum effusum vestitum Anogramma 37 51 73 11 21 27 115 135 cicutarium 133 deflesum 115 45 rbseticuni 115 91 Thelypteris Aspleuium filis-foemina 115, 116, 117 13, 15 tomentosum 115 Atbyrium alpestre 141 Campyloneurum angustifolium phillytidis 79 pby nitidis Campylonevron angustifolium 129 141 pbillitidis Cassebeera argentea farinosa cbrysopbylla 45 L' Herminieri 55 Martensii 55 Massoui sulphurea 17 tartarea 79 55 55, 56 Ceropteris calomelsena 21 79 37 43 cbseropbylla leptopbylla 139 Aleuritopteris argentea AUosorus argentea 43 tartareum 17 51 Aspidium alpestre 17 villosa lanosum 67 43 leptopliylla distantifolium 101 clia3ropbyl]a 139 leptophyllum 43 lepidopteris lingua lanuginosum 51 Anogramme 3, 25 23 25 11 154 PAGE Ceterach lobatum marautse ofEcinarum Clieilanthes argentea ferruginea lanuginosa Clirysopteris Billardieri longipes Phymatodes nivea subcordata tenera vellea 97 65 vaccinifolia 97 63 Ctenopteris vulgaris 121 , 67 37 43 piloselloides rupestris 39 lagopodioides pertusa 33 ,51 51 Craspedaria Cliinensis ciliatum 77 tricliomanoides 121 Cyathea vestita CyrtopUebiiim angustifolium pbyllitidis 141 Drynaria Billardieri diversifolia 127 125, 126 125 phymatodes vulgaris 93, 129 irregulare longipes 137, 138 80 75, 77, 76 Catbarinse deflexum erenata, 103, 104 subtetragonum 131 119 139, 140 82 96 tetragona 135 135 Grammitis leptopbylla 17 ,19 scandicina villosa Gymnocarpium , 83 91 , 87 , calomelanos 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Gymnogramma 18, 19, 21, cbferopbyllum Kaulfuss cbrysopbylla 3, 26 25, dealbata hybrida , - Desvaux leptopbylla 25 2, 17, 18, 19, Gymnogramma 22 21 11 23, 24, 10, 9, 6, Gymnogramma Bon/ 26 cbEerophylla Gymnogramma 4, 5, 27 Robertianum Gymnogramma Kaulfuss dryopteris pbegopteris Besvaux 81, 95, fraxinifolia 21 L' Herminieri Gymnogramma Massoni minor Presl 25, 26 21 24 29 Boty Martensii 23, Loweii oebracea 133, 134 grandidens incanum 122 peruviana 119, 120 110 121 Groniopteris asplenioides, 78 108 argutum 109 77 Ooniopblebium albo-punctatum 107 101 v Fortuni irioides 79, 101 142 Dicksonia antarctica 98 109 vaccinifolium Ill subauriculatum 75 97, 55 137 53 45 Cincinalis marantse 131 41 piloselloides Rein war dti sepultum 52 49 vestita 51 Groniopblebium latipes 45 squamosa tomentosa 15 9, 10 Desvaux 13, 14 sulpliurea Desvaux 11,12,23 tartarea Desvaux 7, 8, 9, 10 rufa tartareum tomentosa totta villosa Desvatix SchlecMendal Link 13, 15 29 27, 28 155 PAGE Gymnogramme acuminata 13 calomelanos chajrophylla 19 clirysophylla leptopKylla L' Herminieri Martensii ocliracea rufa sulpliurea tarfcarea tomentosa totta villosa Hemionitis acuminata BrasUiensis cliseropliylla dealbata 17 Africanus 23 albicans 25 bicolor 13 caudatus 11 chinensis 13 glaber 15 bostatus 21 lingua 13 obovatus 15 Penangianus dryopteris phegopteris rotmidifolius 83 puberulus 91 rupestris Eobertiana 87 Samarensis 29 Scytopteris 27 serpens 19 sinensis Lomaria spicant Loncliopteris Mantelli vii Marginaria Catharinse 131 139 ceteracina dimoi'plia ensifolia 141 incana minima rufula , tomentosa Neurogramme VOL I rufa 35, 36, Eckloniana S, ferruginea GiUesii Brown Kmize incana 62 37 Lotoe 60 57 47,48 49 33, 59 31 33 Desvaux 43 Martens (see crassifoHa) 60,35 Marantfc B Brown 51.52 45 lanuginosa 13 laevis 18 63 Moore (Isevis.) 139 15 62 62 crassifolia Hookerii Notkocblgena argentea itfoore 55,56 ilvensis 62, 63, 62, 65 121 62 62 121 serpens iN^eurogramma rufa 62 67 distans 87 139 101 62 62,65 vaccinifolia I^epbrodium dryopteris lanosum 141 97 piloselloides 65,66 spissus varius Sprengel " villosa 26 62 62, 67, 68 Sprengel pertusus 87 81 62 Poitsei Leptogramma Loweii 62 62 rufa V neglectus nummulariasfolius Hymenopliyllum Tunbridgense 62 62 Sprengel 17 Lastrea calcarea 62 62 leptopkylla tomentosa 62 67 elongatus flocciger 62 62 15 fissus 62, 67 costatus 29 62 62 carnosus 27 15 vii Niphobolus acrosticboides adnascens Neuropteris Losliii PAGE I^eurogramme tomentosa D 156 PAGE Desvaiix Nothoclilsena nivea 33, 59 34, 36, pumila sinuata 53, squamata squamosa Loive 54 87, 60 Hooker tenera .47 Fresl rufa 89, bulbosum 40 buxifolium vestita Desvaux 31, 45, Notlaolsena lanuginosa Marantee nivea rufa triclionianoides Notoclilsena Marantse Odontopteris minor Osmunda leptopliylla Pecopteris adiantoides Pliegopteris calcarea dryopteris effusa hexagonoptera Phlebodium myrtiUifolium squamulosum venosum Phymatodes Billardieri Portuni irioides Pleopeltis pinnatifida stigmatica venosa Polipodium dryopteris vulgare Polypodium albidum 53 ciliatum 37 compositum crenatum Kunze 17 cruciatum Ctenopteris vulgare 87 deflexum Kaulfuss 83 dimorpbum 73 distans Ill 138, 134 141 95, 133 Lowe 98, 129 Linnceus dryopteris 82 143 diversifolium 91 vii 97 103 81, 72, 83, 84, 87, 88, 89, 143 efFusum Fortuni 78, 74, 111 S'wartz ensifobum 141 Lowe -127 127 fraxinifolium Jacquin 95, 96 125 Freyreisii 125 glaucum 77 95 131 Kunze grandidens 119 139 grossum 105 Hseukeanum 105 Hencbmanii J Smith 93, 94 bexagonopterum Michaux 72, 143 112 Hibernicum 83 139 intermedium 116 ireoides 117 iridioides 101 189, 140 111 125 105 Kunze 116 75, 77 incanum var tripinnatum 139 connectile 72, 115, 116 51 Koch lanceum vii birsutissimimi var flexile Raddi 107 var albo-punctatum alpestre Ill, 114 123 Langsdorff and 131 Fischer Ill Ill, 114 ceteraccinum 137 97 72, 84, 87, 88 33 145 138 121 51 91 137 capillare 105, 106 sessilis viilgaris Cambricum Catbarinse 114 Brmon calcareum 145 It 43 141 polypodioides cajanense 46 103 70 canariense 129, 141 Sioartz bifidimi 49 43 attenuatum Billardieri J vellea asplenioides 75 Kunze angustifolium 49 Smith 41, 42 trickomanoides R Broivn 87, 38, 53, 60 tomentosa Polypodium alternifolium 125 157 PAGTi Polypodiumirioides Poiret 125,126 irregulare Juglandifolium 91 leptophylluin 17 Leuceanum 67 , Kunze 75, lycopodioides macrodon megalodus Paradisse pectinatum 70 longipes 101 99 121, 122 lepldopteris otites 111 Smith J lagopodioides latebrosum 70 Karwinskianum lachnopodium lingua 70 70 81 pliegopteris LmntEUfi squamulosa stigmaticum 135 145 strutliionis tectum 123 velatum virginiauum 123 vlterbiense Langsdorff ^ 97, 121, 122 viviparum 111 pliymatodes Linnceus 97,137 var auritum platybasis plumosum 125 pleopeltifolium 77 123, 124 HumholcU and plumula polysticlium prolifenim pteroides pulcliellura reptans rhfeticum Kunze Eobertianum 125 95 rupestris scandens semilacerum sepultum Kaulfuss serratum var denticulatum var multifidum ramosum semilacerum 103 var serratum sinuatum var truncatum 113 112, 113 113 Pteris nivea rufa 83 91 Pseudathyriimi alpestre 113 112, 113 Polysticlium dryopteris 112, 114 114 112, 113 var 113 113 var serrulatum flexile 101 var 137 113 var .77 113 marginatum pbegopteris 113 var laciniatum var 112 70 101 113 var liibernicum 83 63 scolopendria 113 Cambricura 112,113,114 var crenatum 113 ovatum 84, 87, 113 113 var bifidum var 88, 143 ruftilum var .95 115 var interruptum Bonplancl 123, 124 polyceplialum 95 72, 111, 112, 114 acutum 121 123 Ill, 114 Linnceus vulgare 139 105, 146 Loive var Linnceus 97, 98, 135 Fischer 80 piloselloides 97 Swartz vaccinifolium 123 79, 135 tetragonum 123 Blume 109 subauriculatum subtetragonum taxifolium 105 72, 91 Linnceus phyllitidis 73 123 19, squamulosum Kunze 145, 146 venosum venustum 65 pertiisura splendida 122 76 Polypodium Smith.ianum 115 115, 116 .13 33 tricliomanoides 37 INDEX 158 Scolopendrium yulgare Splienopteris crenata 80, 125 Strutliiopteris G-ermanica 19 Tseniopteris vittata Vll Woodsia 45 ilvensis vestita 45 159 AUTHORITIES QUOTED IN VOL I Alton Henfrey Petiver AUcliin, Dr Heward Hoffmann Plukenet Poiret Bauer Hooker, Sir W J Hooker, Dr J H BeriJiardi Hoppe Presl Blume Houlston Purdie Boccone, Pursh Bolton Hudson Humboldt Bonpland Jacquin Eeinwardt Bory Kaulfuss B de Vriese Braun Kocli Eiley Brown, R Burmann, Cameron Kunze lloem Labillardiere Roth Lagasca Roxburgh Rylands CKamisso Lamarck Langs dor ff Cosent La CroaU Ledebour Schkuhr Schlechtendal Arnott Babington Cavanilles Peyrouse Plumier Pratt Raddi Sadler Salisbury Cunningliam, Allan Lindley Deakin Lindsey Schott De Liiak Sieber Desfontains Linnaeus Sloan Deslongclianips L' Herminier, Smith, (E.) Desvaux.* Lightfoot Smith, Dryander Loddiges Sowerby.- Endliclier Loiseleur Sprengel Fee Sturm Forster Loudon Lowe, (Bev.) Lowe, (E.J.) Francis Martens Swartz Fries Thunberg Graudicliaud Mackay Meyer Miehaux GiUies Mirbel Watson Weber Westcombe Candolle Fischer GaUeotti (J.) Suensk Suminski, Tusch Walhch Gmelin Mobr Godet Morison Greville Moore, (Thomas.) Guenzins Newman Wilson Willdenow Gray, A NuttaU Withering Hedwig Pallas Wood Henderson, J 160 CONTRIBUTOES TO VOL I The Author begs to express his thanks to the following individuals, who have kindly supplied plants and fronds for illustration: Mr W Allen, Nottingham Mr Atkins, Painswick Mr Backhouse, York Messrs Bass and Brown, Sudbury, Suffolk Hamburg Mr Booker, Matlock Mr Clarke, Eoyal Botanic Gardens, Messrs Booth and Son, Glasgow Mr E Cooling, Derby Mrs Delves, Tunbridge Wells Mr Dryden, AUestre Hall, Derby Mr R J Gray, St Thomas', Exeter Mr Hathorn, Wollaton Hall, Notts Messrs A Henderson, Pine-apple Wood, London Henderson, J W J Wentworth Hooker, F E S., Eoyal Gardens, Kew Dr J H Hooker, F.E.S., Eoyal Gardens, Kew Mr Ingram, Eoyal Gardens, Windsor Mr Ingram, Belvoir Castle Mr Ingram, Belton Messrs Kennedy, Covent Garden Miss Kingston, Colwick Mr Jackson, Keddleston Gardens Mr Lamb, Osmaston, near Ashbourn Madeira Eev W Miller Mr E T MiUett, Penzance Mr T Moore, F.L S., Chelsea Botanic Gardens Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., EoUeston Hall Mr G Norman, Hull, Messrs Osborn and Sons, Eulham Messrs Parker, HoUoway Mrs Eiley, Papplewick, Notts Messrs EoUisson, Tooting, near House Sir House Mr G Lawson, Edinburgh Dr Mackay Mr Mc' Intosh, Botanic Gardens, Messrs J Pearson, ChilweU, Notts Place, London Messrs E G Henderson, St John's Mr Captain A S H Lowe, Higlifield London Mr J Smith, Eoyal Gardens, Kew Mr J Sidebotham, Manchester Mr Sim, Foot's Cray, Kent Mr Stratton, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge Messrs Veitch, Exeter Messrs Veitch, Jun., Chelsea Mr E Wakefield, London Mr W Winstanley, Chaigeley Manor, Lancashire Mr G B Wollaston, Chisselhurst, Kent Mr Wraight, Newlands, Kent ... one hundred and ninety-two genera, and two thousand and forty species, about one half of which are now cultivated in Great Britain Ferns, by their exquisite beauty, great variety, and singularity... larly beautiful This exotic species Fern is a native of South America and the Island of St found abundantly Domingo, and in the Caribbee Islands, especially in that of Martinique, and is consequently... frequently abortive and deformed The sori are collections of sporangia, and have form, position, and dimension sessile; on each recep- sometimes pilose, few; or sori, and and a same the the receptacles,