Nhận thức của người nhiễm HIV về lối sống của họ _ Perception of People Living with HIVAIDS on Their Lifestyle in MandalayIntroductionHIVAIDS is the greatest health crisis faced by the world.IN Myanmar,HIVAIDS is one of the priority diseases in National Health Plan.National Health Committee has provided clear guidelines to fight AIDS as a disease of national concern.In Myanmar, HIVAIDS prevention and care activities had been implemented since 1989.For the prevention and control measures, the perception and practice of PLWHA on their lifestyle is important.Correct perception and practice of PLWHA can considerably improve his or her quality of life.Therefore to probe more depth to perception and practice of PLWHA, qualitative approach of study must be applied.ObjectivesGeneral ObjectiveTo explore the perception of PLWHA on their lifestyles.Specific ObjectivesTo assess the perception and practice of PLWHA on the prevention of HIV infection to other person.To find out the expectations of people living with HIVAIDS for their livesResearch MethodologyStudy designCross sectional descriptive study was conducted by applying qualitative approach.Study areaMandalay division, MyanmarStudy populationPLWHA from Mandalay who are attending ART clinics including:AIDSSTD clinic (NAP)Integrated Health Care (IHC) program (NGO, AZG)Inclusion criteria PLWHA who are between reproductive age group (1549 years)Exclusion criteria Those who are mentally retarded.
Perception of People Living with HIV/AIDS on Their Lifestyle in Mandalay Dr Ye Nyi Nyi M.B.,B.S (DSMA), M.Med.Sc (Public Health) Public Health Specialist Health and Diseases Control Unit Ministry of Defense, Myanmar Overview of Presentation Introduction Objectives Research Methodology Findings Discussion Conclusion Recommendation References Introduction HIV/AIDS is the greatest health crisis faced by the world IN Myanmar, HIV/AIDS is one of the priority diseases in National Health Plan National Health Committee has provided clear guidelines to fight AIDS as a disease of national concern In Myanmar, HIV/AIDS prevention and care activities had been implemented since 1989 For the prevention and control measures, the perception and practice of PLWHA on their lifestyle is important Correct perception and practice of PLWHA can considerably improve his or her quality of life Therefore to probe more depth to perception and practice of PLWHA, qualitative approach of study must be applied Objectives General Objective To explore the perception of PLWHA on their lifestyles Specific Objectives To assess the perception and practice of PLWHA on the prevention of HIV infection to other person To find out the expectations of people living with HIV/AIDS for their lives Research Methodology Study design Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted by applying qualitative approach Study area Mandalay division, Myanmar Study population PLWHA from Mandalay who are attending ART clinics including: AIDS/STD clinic (NAP) Integrated Health Care (IHC) program (NGO, AZG) Inclusion criteria PLWHA who are between reproductive age group (15-49 years) Exclusion criteria Those who are mentally retarded Research Methodology Study period From July 2013 – October 2013 Sample size determination As there is no hard and fast rules for (non-probabilistic) sample size in qualitative research, determination of sample size based on purpose of the study and available time and research Research Methodology Sampling method Purposive sampling was applying Who are willing to participate in the study Data collection method and Materials First of all, appointment was made with PLWHA who are attending ART clinics Then in-depth interviews were carried out in a separate room in order to ensure the privacy There were about PLWHA interviewed per day and time consuming is about 45 minutes per PLWHA Research Methodology Data processing and Analysis All interviews are noted and recorded in detail Moreover gesture and tone of voice of interview were also noted Notes and records of the interviews were transcribed after the data collection Coding was done by using ALTAS.ti software Themes and sub themes were identified carefully and matrix analysis was done manually to fulfill the objectives of the study Ethical consideration Written informed consent was obtained after explaining the purpose of the study Participants were also explained and ensured for the anonymity and confidentially Researcher tried to get rapport with PLWHA by taking time to contact and make believe of PLWHA using frequent visiting to their centers Findings Background Characteristics of the participants No Background Characteristics Frequency Age (in years) • 19 – 39 years • 40 – 59 years • 14 • Sex • Male • Female • • 11 Education status • Primary • Middle • High • University • • • • 12 Way of Getting Diagnosis 20 respondents 20 respondents 13 respondents 13 respondents - Referred by GP - Referred by GP respondents respondents - Advised by friends - Advised by friends Laboratories without counselling services respondents respondents - Decided to test by themselves - Decided to test by themselves Only one respondent Only one to respondent - Went NAP - Went to NAP Laboratories with counselling services Prevention of HIV Transmission to other person All respondents were aware of mode of transmission of HIV after they have diagnosed as having HIV As a normal daily family life Trying to practice safety precautions ]] … I know that HIV can not be transmitted from daily family living It can be transmitted ]] … I know that HIV can not be transmitted from daily family living It can be transmitted from blood and sexual relationship So I can stay as normal I use condom if I stay with my from blood and sexual relationship So I can stay as normal I use condom if I stay with my wife… ʼʼ wife… ʼʼold, female, married, private employee) (41Years (41Years old, female, married, private employee) Perception and Practice on Involvement of PLWHA in Activities to Prevent, Control and Care for HIV/AIDS All respondents wish to involve Most respondents changed their lifestyles Joined NGOs and INGOs Currently, 13 out of 20 are being appointed as volunteers from NAP Tried to help and guide other PLWHA in order to get proper counseling and treatment ]] ]] … … II involved involved in in the the activities activities like like home-based home-based care, care, counseling counseling and and gathering, gathering, and and then then II always always give give help help and and kindness kindness to to any any other other PLWHA PLWHA because because II become become aware aware of of the the difficulties difficulties for for PLWHA PLWHA Therefore, Therefore, I’m I’m willing willing to to do for for all… all… ʼʼ ʼʼ (35Years (35Years old, old, male, male, married, married, government government employee) employee) Expectations for Their life All respondents knew that quality of life of PLWHA could be improved by modifying their lifestyle All …hoped for the medicines that can cure HIV Regarding their life, they wish to live until their children are grown up and graduated ]] … We hope for the sustainability of self help groups Others could not understand our ]] … We hope for the sustainability of self help groups Others could not understand our feeling We could only understand ourselves Psychological support can also get from each feeling.ʼʼWe could only understand ourselves Psychological support can also get from each other… other….old, ʼʼ male, married, government employee) (35Years (35Years old, male, married, government employee) ]] … As for me, I would like to spend the time well in the future I would like to live, eat ]] … As for me, I would like to spend the time well in the future I would like to live, eat and drink similar to others I would like to see my son living with good health and long life and drink others I would to see son living with Igood and long life Because mysimilar son is to a bay, I would likelike to see as amy monk And then, havehealth nothing special… ʼʼ Because my son is a bay, I would like to see as a monk And then, I have nothing special… ʼʼ (29Years old, female, widow, dependent) (29Years old, female, widow, dependent) Discussion Knowledge about HIV/AIDS, Most of them did not have comprehensive knowledge before they got infection It meant that they became knowledgeable about the disease after getting infection In a Behavioral Surveillance Survey (2007) in Myanmar, Although 98% of the respondents have heard of HIV, comprehensive and effective knowledge about prevention methods was low Discussion Diagnosis and treatment seeking behaviors, Almost all respondents did not receive both pre-test and post-test counseling Quite alarming to know that not received proper counseling Another published paper from Myanmar, All of PLWHA took self medication for infections Half of them have consulted private physicians for prevention of diseases (Soe-Htun, 2003) Discussion Perception and Practice on Involvement of PLWHA in Activities to Prevent, Control and Care for HIV/AIDS, Awareness and practice in positive prevention behavior could be seen in most respondents And then, changed their lifestyle and actively participated in prevention and control activities However, extent of participation was different among male and female Another published paper, PLWHA need to be supported through skills development, counselling and incentives to carry out sensitization and personal testimonies (Nvule, RS., 2004) Discussion Expectation of PLWHA, All respondents knew that the quality of life of PLWHA could improve by modifying their lifestyle All respondents have hoped for the medicines that can cure HIV Family life, They wish to live until their children are grown up and graduated Conclusion Many respondents, before they have been diagnosed as HIV status, did not know exact information Majority did not expect the positive result Most respondents knew it can not be transmitted by living as a normal daily family life Most responds changed their lifestyles Male respondents could involve in these activities more than female respondents Conclusion All respondents knew that quality of life of PLWHA could be improved by modifying their lifestyle A positive finding that PLWHA wished to help among themselves and willing to change their behavior This positive thinking might help them to prolong and improve their lives Recommendations The awareness and perception about HIV/AIDS in the community that can lead to behavioural change and adoption of healthy lifestyle should be promoted using peer education approaches Effective counseling services and care including PMCT, OI and ART services should be provided for those in need with emphasis on PLWHA and their family members References Aye-Myat-San, Aye-Aye-Sein and Khin-Ohnmar-San, 2009 Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007, General Population NAP, Department of Health, Ministry of Health Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar Babalola, S, Kornfield, R., 2004 HIV prevention, care and support – an infotainment approach by PLWHA International Conference on AIDS John Hopkins University, Baltimore, the United States of America Bharat, C., et al., 2005 The Clean Cohort: Impact of an expanded access programme to HART in survival and risk factors Program and abstract of the 3rd IAS Conference on HIV prevention Hmone, MP., 2003 Level of awareness related to sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Central Women Hospital, University of Medicine (1) M.Med.Sc (Public Health) thesis, 2003 Htike-Myat-Phyu, 2006 Gender differences on HIV?AIDS related Knowledge, Attitude and behaviors of attendees at Central Sexually Transmitted Diseases, University of Medicine (1) M.Med.Sc (Public Health) References Kyu-Kyu-Than, et al., 2007 Reproductive health needs HIV positive women: client perspective The Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal, Vol.19, No.3, 2007 Mandalay Division AIDS-STD prevention and control, 2005 Themes for World AIDS Day, annex 10 Department of Health, Ministry of Health Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar Myo-Myo-Mon, Saw-Saw, Yin-Thet-Nu-Oo, San-Hmone and Kyaw-Oo, 2009 Socioeconomic and health consquences among HIV/AIDS orphans in Yangon Unpublished report Nvule, RS., Ruharo, B., and Countinho, AG., 2004 International Conference on AIDS, 15th : 2004 : Bankok, Thailand The AIDS Support Organization, Kampular, Uganda Soe-Htun, 2003 Effectiveness of education of high risk group in Yangon on HIV/AIDS using socil network approach University of Medicine (1) Yangon M.Med.c (Public Health) thesis 2003 References WHO, 1994 Qualitstive Research for health programmes Geneva: World Health Organization WHO, 2019 HIV and AIDS in the world Geneva: World Health Organization Thank you ... Knowledge and Perception about HIV/ AIDS All respondents have heard about HIV/ AIDS before they had been diagnosed as HIV positive Only a few knew comprehensively about HIV/ AIDS before diagnosis ]]... counselling services Prevention of HIV Transmission to other person All respondents were aware of mode of transmission of HIV after they have diagnosed as having HIV As a normal daily family life... Discussion Conclusion Recommendation References Introduction HIV/ AIDS is the greatest health crisis faced by the world IN Myanmar, HIV/ AIDS is one of the priority diseases in National Health Plan