Lý thuyết và bài tập đầy đủ có đáp án về gerund, to infinitive và bare infinitive.Cách dùng gerund : 1. Những động từ dùng với danh động từ: Admit(nhận),finish, anticipate (đoán trước), appreciate (đánh giá), avoid( tránh), consider(xem xét), continue(tiếp tục), postpone =delay(hoãn), deny(chối), discuss(thảo luận), hate =dislike(ghét), enjoy(thích) , keep(giữ), mind(phiền), miss(lỡ) ,practise, quit (từ bỏ), resist(kháng lại), risk(liều), suggest(đề nghị), mention(đề cập), prefer…to, waste (lãng phí), spend (dành, sử dụng),Ex: I couldn’t avoid meeting him Have you finished talking? She enjoys playing tennis2. Danh động từ đúng sau giới từ : at, on, in, before, after, with, up, without, by, in addition to…..Ex: we can improve our English by practicing much He came in without saying hello to anybody On getting home, he sat down to write a letter In addition to going to university she also takes a part time job Before going to bed, I clean my teeth
Trang 1TO INFINITIVE AND GERUND (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)
- Làm chủ ngữ
Ex: To find my house is easy
- Dùng để chỉ mục đích
Ex: We study hard to pass the exam
- Bổ ngữ của động từ
Ex: Our duty is to study harder
- Làm tân ngữ cho động từ
Ex: I agreed to help him
- Làm tân ngữ cho tính từ
Ex: We are annoyed to hear her voice
a It’s adj + (of sb)+ to V: ai đó thật như thế nào khi làm việc gì
Các tính từ sau dùng với cấu trúc này: kind, good, stupid, clever, careless, sensible, brave, timid, coward, wise, rude, polite, generous, mean, thoughtful, tactful, selfish…
Ex: It’s kind of you to help me
You stole a car, which was stupid of you
b S+ be + Adj + To V
Các tính từ sau đây dùng với cấu trúc này: happy, sad, glad, nice, pleased, disappointed, difficult, easy, eager, ready, surprised, sorry, hesitant, amazed, able, willing, reluctant, sure/bound/certain.
Ex: I am very glad to see you again
Động từ nguyên thể có “To” đứng ngay sau V
Agree(đồng ý), afford(có khả năng tài chính), appear (dường như), attempt (nỗ lực), arrange(sắp xếp), cause(gây ra), choose (lựa chọn), decide(quyết định), demand (yêu cầu), expect(mong đợi), Fail(thất bại), Hope(hi vọng),
Hesitate(ngại, phiền), intend(dự định), mange(quản lý), offer(đề nghị),
want( muốn), persuade (thuyết phục).
Ex: I can’t afford to go abroad study
He agreed to work for us
She refused to answer personal questions
II GERUND (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ- Ving)
1 Những động từ dùng với danh động từ:
Admit(nhận), finish, anticipate (đoán trước), appreciate (đánh giá), avoid( tránh), consider(xem xét), continue(tiếp tục), postpone =delay(hoãn), deny(chối), discuss(thảo luận), hate =dislike(ghét), enjoy(thích) ,
Ex: I couldn’t avoid meeting him
Have you finished talking?
She enjoys playing tennis
2 Danh động từ đúng sau giới từ : at, on, in, before, after, with, up, without, by, in addition to…
Ex: we can improve our English by practicing much
He came in without saying hello to anybody
On getting home, he sat down to write a letter
In addition to going to university she also takes a part- time job
Before going to bed, I clean my teeth
3 Đi với một số thành ngữ cố định:
+ can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand: không thể không
+ It’s (not) worth : Đáng (không đáng làm gì)
Trang 2+ It’s no use = it’s no good= there be no point in Ving: làm gì đó là vô ích
+ S + have/has difficulty/trouble + in + Ving: gặp khó khăn, rắc rối
+ have (any) problem in Ving
+ have a good time + Ving
+ have a hard/difficult time + Ving
+ Looking forward to + V-ing
Note:
+ Stop + to V: dừng lại để làm gì Ex: He stops to eat
Ving: dừng lại không làm nữa He stops smoking
+ remember + To V: nhớ phải làm gì(HT, TL)
Ving: nhớ đã làm gì(QK)
Ex: Remember to post my letter
I remember locking the door before going out
+ forget + To V: quên phải làm gì (HT, TL)
Ving: quên đã làm gì, sẽ không bao giờ quên là
Ex: Don’t forget to buy shoes for me
I’ll never forget meeting him
+ regret + To V: lấy làm tiếc(dùng để thông báo)
Ving : hối tiếc, ân hận vì đã làm
Ex: I regret to inform you that your application isn’t acceptable
I regret buying a lot of shares
+ try + To V: cố gắng làm gì Ex: I try to get better marks
Ving: thử làm gì I try solving this difficult sum
+ mean + To V: có ý định làm gì = intend
Ving: đưa đến hậu quả gì = result in
Ex: I don’t mean to buy that house
His new job means earning a lot of money
+ need + To V : cần làm gì (mang tính chủ động chỉ người)
Ving: cần được làm gì (mang tính bị động chỉ vật)
Ex: I need to sell some good
My trousers need ironing
•Allow + V-ing Ex: We don’t allow smoking in this room
•Allow + O + to-V1 Ex: My father doesn’t allow me to go out at night
III WITHOUT “TO” INFINITIVE
1 Sau các động từ khuyết thiếu: can, could, may, might, should, had better … + V 0
2 Let/ help/ make/ have(nhờ ai làm) + (O)sb + V 0
NOTE:
S + see/hear/watch/feel/notice/observe/smell + O + V 0 (nhìn thấy toàn bộ sự việc)
S + see/hear/watch/feel/notice/observe/smell + O + Ving (nhìn thấy sự việc đang diễn ra)
Exercise :
I Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.
1 He wanted (see) _the house where the president was born
2 He is expected (arrive) _in a few days
3 I would like him (go) _ to a university but I can’t (make) him go
4 I am looking forward to (see) _ you
5 I arranged (meet) _them there
6 He urged us (work) _faster
7 I wish (see) _the manager
8 It is no use (wait) _him
9 He warned her (not touch) _the wire
Trang 310 Don’t forget (clock) _the door before (go)
_to bed
11 My mother told me (not speak) _too anyone about it
12 He tried (explain) _but she refused (listen)
_
13 At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _between the courses
14 He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) _as a women
15 I am prepared (wait) _here all night if necessary
16 Would you mind (show) _me how (work)
_the lift
17 After (walk) _three hours we stopped (rest) _and let the others (catch) _up with us
18 I am beginning (understand) _what you mean
19 The boy likes (play) _games but hates (do)
exercises
20 I regret (inform) _you that your application has been refused
21 I don’t allow (smoke) _in my drawing-room
22 I don’t allow my family (smoke) _at all
23 He surprised us all by (go) _away without (say)
‘Good-bye’
24 Please go on (write) _; I don’t mind _ (wait)
25 He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _recognized
26 Before (give) _evidence you must swear (speak)
_the truth
27 I tried (persuade) him (agree) _with your proposal
28 Your windows need (clean) .Would you like me (do) _them for you
29 Would you mind (shut) _the window? I hate (sit) _in a draught
30 I can’t help (sneeze) ; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _in a draught
31 Stop (talk) _; I am trying (finish) _a letter
32 His doctor advised him (give) _up (jog)
_
34 People used (make) _fire by (rub) _two sticks together
35 He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring)
Trang 436 If you go on (let) your dog (chase) cars he will end by (be)
_run over
37 I prefer (drive) _to (be) _driven
38 I advise you (start) _ (look) _for a flat at once
39 Would you mind (lend) _me some money? I forgot (cash) a cheque
40 (Lie) _on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _in the office
41 She like her children (go) _to the dentist every six months
42 An instructor is coming (show) _us how (use) _the machine
43 I have no intention of (go) _to that film; I couldn’t bear (see)
_my favorite actress in such dreadful part
44 I suggest (telephone) _the hospitals before (ask) _the police (look) _for him
45 After (hear) _the conditions I decided (not enter) _for the competition
46 Some people seem (have) _the passion for (write) _to the newspapers
47 He expects me (answer) _by return but I have no intention of (reply) _at all
48 He postponed (make) _a decision until it was too late (do)
_anything
49 Try (forget) _it; It isn’t worth (worry) _about it
50 There is no point in (remain) in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) _the people who have (stay) there
51 The horse won’t be well enough (run) _in tomorrow’s race He doesn’t seem (have) _recovered from his long journey
52 At first I enjoyed (listen) _to him but after a while I got tired of (hear)
_the same story again and again
53 It is usually easier (learn) _a subject by (read) _books than
by (listen) _ to lectures
54 It wouldn’t be safe (start) _down now; we will have (wait)
_till the mist clears
55 After (discuss) _the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have) _ reached any decision
56 It’s not much use (have) _a bike if you don’t know how (use)
_it
57 I distinctly remember (pay) _him I gave him 2$
58 Did you remember (give) _him the key of the safe? - No, I didn’t I will go and do it now
Trang 559 Please forgive me for (interrupt) _you but would you mind (repeat) _that last sentence
60 He made a lot of money by (buy) _tickets in advance and (sell)
_them twice the price on the day of the match
II Choose the best answer
1 Every day I spend two hours _ English
A practise B to practise C practising D practised
2 The skiers would rather through the mountains than go by bus
A.to travel by train B travel by train C traveled by train D traveling by train
3.He likes _ part in sports, so he joins the football team of the school
A to take B to taking C takes D took
4 I don't remember _ the front door when I left home
A to lock B lock C locked D locking
5.Children enjoy _ to ghost stories on Halloween night
A.telling and listening B tell and listen C to tell and listen D to tell and to listen
6 They decided _ to Japan for their summer holiday
7.His parents think it's time for him _ married
8.Peter's father ordered not to stay out late again
A him B to him C that he D for him
9.Smoking is bad for your heath You had better _ it up
A to give B give C giving D to be giving
10.I hope you don't mind so late at night
A telephoning B to telephone C.telephone D.to have telephoned
11.It took three and a half hours _ to Singapore
12.She refused _ them
13.My parents can't _ seeing me at home all day
14. _is a popular sport in Europe
15.There are many ways of _ ourselves in a big city
A enjoy B enjoying C enjoyment D to enjoy
16.I never feel like _ early on Monday morning
A getting up B get up C gets up D to get up
17.It is not easy a high-paid job
18.Would you like the doctor _ ?
19 There is no need the door of the meeting room tonight
Trang 6A to lock B to be locking C.to be locked D locked
20 My husband wants me _ this letter before afternoon
21.I hate _ the dirty dishes after a meal
22.She doesn't like going _ in the sea in summer
A to swim B to be swimming C swimming D swim
23.I am afraid of _ by the strong wind
A.taking away B.take away C.being taken away D.being taking away
24 We need to stop _ at what damage we have done to the nature and try it before it's too late
A looking/ to fix B to look/ to fix C.to look/ fixing D.looking/ fixing 25.Human beings must stop the environment
26.We walked for ten kilometers and then we stopped _ a rest
27.It is raining hard We had better _ at home tonight
28.Before starting for this company, I spent a year _
A work/travel B.work/traveling C.working/travel D.working/traveling
29.I _ play with dolls when I was small
30.It _ him two hours to finish the exercise
31.I had no difficulty to her English
A listen B to listen C to listening D listening
32 We are buying a new motorbike
A considering B deciding C expecting D thinking
33.If the earth stops around the sun, there will be no light on earth
35 If we don't do anything _ the ice on the poles from melting, the earth will be flooded one day
36.Unless we throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted
37.The pollution rate in this area seems slowly
A increase B increasing C to increase D to be increase
38.Your hair is too long now It needs _
39 We all enjoy _ English
40.I expected them _ me a job
More exercise: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.
Trang 71 I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished (read) _it.
2 How old were you when you learned (drive) _
3 My father gave up (smoke) _three years ago
4 Would you mind (keep) _silent? I’m trying (study) _
5 I always try to avoid _ (borrow) money from my friends
6 The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed _ (get) to school on time
7 Could you please stop _ (make) so much noise?
8 I hope _ (run) in the marathon next month
9 Look! It’s started _ (rain) again
10 It was too late, so we decided _ (take) a taxi home
11 My sister always enjoys _ (listen) to classical music
12 I’ve put off _ (write) the letter so many times I really must do it today
13 Sarah gave up _ (try) to find a job in this country and decided _ (go) abroad
14 You can’t stop me _ (do) what I want
15 They don’t have much money They can’t afford _ (go) out very often
16 I’m still looking for a job but I hope _ (find) something soon
17 My mother can’t stand _ (stay) at home without doing anything
18 You must promise _ (not / be) late again
19 I didn’t have enough time (finish) my work yesterday
20 He refused _( allow) her _( think) for herself
21 I was relieved _ (find out) that I had passed the exam
22 She made her son _ (wash) the windows before he could go outside _(play) with his friends
23 She lets her children (stay) up very late
24 We had nothing (do) except look at the cinema posters
25 We both heard him (say) that he was leaving
26 It made him angry _ (wait) for people who were late
27 I couldn’t understand what the passage said, so I had my friend ( translate) it for me
28 It’s important ( start) the meeting on time
29 There are too many people here for me (talk) to all of them
30 It took ages (download) the pictures from the Internet
31 Whenever I have free time, I like ( watch) the basketball team (practice)
32 She sent me an e- mail ( inform) me that the meeting had been canceled
33 It was a thrill ( see) my brother _ (win) the chess tournament last year
34 I must ( speak) to the manager
35 It is lovely ( see) you again
36 It is too cold _ ( go) out
37 I am happy _ ( know) that you have passed the exam
38 We’ve got a few jobs _ ( do)
39 He keeps (ask) me the time and I keep (tell) _him (buy) _ himself a watch
40 I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind (wait) _for you
Trang 8ANSWER KEY
I Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.
1 He wanted (see) _TO SEE the house where the president was born
2 He is expected (arrive) _TO ARRIVE in a few days
3 I would like him (go) TO GO _ to a university but I can’t (make)
_MAKE _him go
4 I am looking forward to (see) _SEEING you
5 I arranged (meet) TO MEET _them there
6 He urged(THÚC GIỤC) us (work) TO WORK _faster
7 I wish (see) TO SEE _the manager
8 It is no use (wait) _WAITING him
9 He warned her (not touch) _not to touch the wire
10 Don’t forget (lock) _TO LOCK the door before (go)
_GOING to bed
11 My mother told me (not speak) _NOT TO SPEAK to anyone about it
12 He tried (explain) _TO EXPLAIN but she refused (listen) _TO
LISTEN
13 At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _SMOKING between the courses
14 He decided (disguise) ( CAỈ TRANG) TO DISGUISE himself by (dress)
_ING as a women
15 I am prepared (wait) _TO here all night if necessary
16 Would you mind (show) SHOWING _me how (work)
_TO the lift
17 After (walk) ING _three hours we stopped (rest) TO _and let the others (catch) _CATCH up with us
18 I am beginning (understand) TO what you mean
19 The boy likes (play) ING _games but hates (do) _ING _exercises
20 I regret (inform) ING _you that your application has been refused
21 I don’t allow (smoke) ING _in my drawing-room
22 I don’t allow my family (smoke) TO _at all
23 He surprised us all by (go) ING _away without (say) ING ‘Good-bye’
24 Please go on (write) ING _; I don’t mind ING _ (wait)
25 He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _ING recognized
26 Before (give) ING _evidence you must swear (speak) _the truth
27 I tried (persuade) _TO him (agree) TO _with your proposal
28 Your windows need (clean) CLEAN_ing .Would you like me (do) _TO DO them for you
29 Would you mind (shut) SHUTTING _the window? I hate (sit)
_SITTING in a draught/draːft/ gió lùa, luồng hơi
30 I can’t help (sneeze) sneezing ; I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) _sitting in a draught
31 Stop (talk) talking _; I am trying (finish) _to finish a letter
Trang 932 His doctor advised him (give) _to give up (jog) _jogging _ (advise sb to do sth)
33 My watch keeps (stop) _stopping
34 People used (make) to make _fire by (rub) rubbing _two sticks together
35 He hates (answer) answering the phone, and very often just lets it (ring) –ring _
36 If you go on (let) letting your dog (chase) _chase _cars he will end by (be)
being _run over
37 I prefer (drive) driving _to (be) being _driven
38 I advise you (start) _to start (look) looking / to look _for a flat at once
39 Would you mind (lend) lending _me some money? I forgot (cash) _ing _ a cheque
40 (Lie) _ing on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) ing _in the office
41 She likes her children (go) _going to the dentist every six months.(V-ing : sở thích lâu dài / to v1 chỉ tính chất tạm thời, sự lựa chọn)
42 An instructor is coming (show) to show _us how (use) _to use the machine
43 I have no intention of (go) _going to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) seeing _my favorite actress in such dreadful part
44 I suggest (telephone) _ing the hospitals before (ask) asking _the police (look) to look _for him.(S + suggest + S to v1 : gợi ý ai đó làm gì) ( suggest + V-ing) đề nghị ai đó cùng làm gì với mình
45 After (hear) _hearing the conditions I decided (not enter) not to enter _for the competition
46 Some people seem (have) _to have the passion for (write) _ing to the
newspapers
47 He expects me (answer) to _by return but I have no intention of (reply) _ing at all
48 He postponed (make) _ing a decision until it was too late (do) _to do anything
49 Try (forget) _to it; It isn’t worth (worry) _ing about it
50 There is no point in (remain) _ing _in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) _to the people who have (stay) to there
51 The horse won’t be well enough (run) to _in tomorrow’s race He doesn’t seem (have) _to recovered from his long journey
52 At first I enjoyed (listen) ing _to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) ing _the same story again and again
53 It is usually easier (learn) _to a subject by (read) ing _books than by (listen) _ing to lectures
54 It wouldn’t be safe (start) _to down now; we will have (wait) to _till the mist clears
55 After (discuss) ing _the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have)
ing _ reached any decision
Trang 1056 It’s not much use (have) _having a bike if you don’t know how (use) to _it.(it’s
no use= it’s not much use : ko có tác dụng , vô ích)
57 I distinctly remember (pay) _paying him I gave him 2$
58 Did you remember (give) _to him the key of the safe? - No, I didn’t I will go and do it now
59 Please forgive me for (interrupt) _ing you but would you mind (repeat) ing _that last sentence
60 He made a lot of money by (buy) _ing tickets in advance and (sell) _ing them twice the price on the day of the match
ii CHOOSE
1 Every day I spend two hours _ English
A practise B to practise C practising D practised
2 The skiers would rather through the mountains than go by bus
A.to travel by train B travel by train C traveled by train D traveling by train
3.He likes _ part in sports, so he joins the football team of the school
A to take B to taking C takes D took
4 I don't remember _ the front door when I left home
A to lock B lock C locked D locking
5.Children enjoy _ to ghost stories on Halloween night
A.telling and listening B tell and listen C to tell and listen D to tell and to listen
6 They decided _ to Japan for their summer holiday
7.His parents think it's time for him _ married (IT’S TIME FOR SB + TO V)
8.Peter's father ordered not to stay out late again
A him B to him C that he D for him
9.Smoking is bad for your heath You had better _ it up
A to give B give C giving D to be giving
10.I hope you don't mind so late at night
A telephoningB to telephone C.telephone D.to have telephoned
11.It took three and a half hours _ to Singapore
A to fly B flying C to be flown D fly
12.She refused _ them
13.My parents can't _ seeing me at home all day
14. _is a popular sport in Europe
15.There are many ways of _ ourselves in a big city
A enjoy B enjoying C enjoyment D to enjoy
16.I never feel like _ early on Monday morning
A getting up B get up C gets up D to get up
17.It is not easy a high-paid job