ALKAN 1 Hãy viết CTCT hợp chất gốc sau: H3C CH CH3 CH3 CH CH CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 4-propyl-5-isopropyloctan CH3 2,3,5-trimethylhexan CH3 H3C CH CH3 CH3 CH CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C C CH2 C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 Di tert-buthylmethan 2,3-dimethyl-4-propyl-4-isopropylheptan CH3 C2H5 CH3 H 3C C C C CH3 CH3 C2H5 CH3 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3,3-diethylpentan H 3C H 3C CH3 CH CH2 CH3 CH CH2 Sec-butyl isobutyl CH3 H3C CH CH2 CH2 H3C H 3C C isoamyl CH3 Tert-butyl CH3 H3C C CH2 CH3 neopentyl Gọi tên theo danh pháp IUPAC CH CH3 CH3 H3C C CH2 C CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH3 2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexan H 3C CH CH C CH 2,2,4-trimethylpentan CH CH CH 3 H 3C CH CH CH CH H C CH C 3,5-dimethyl-4-propylheptan CH C H C CH CH CH H 3C CH CH2 CH2 CH CH CH CH 2,2,4,5-tetramethyl-4-ethylhexan H3C CH2 CH CH2 CH CH3 CH2 CH3 CH3 2-methyl-4-ethylhexan Gọi tên hợp chất theo danh pháp IUPAC b Ethylisopropylbutylmethan a Dimethyldipropylmethan CH3 H3C CH2 CH2 C CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C CH CH3 CH3 4,4-dimethylheptan 2-methyl-3-ethylheptan c Triethyl tert-butylmethan CH CH CH H 3C C C CH CH CH CH CH 2,2-dimethyl-3,3-diethylpentan d Tetraisopropylmethan CH CH CH CH H 3C CH C CH CH H 3C CH CH CH 2,4-dimethyl-3,3-diisopropylpentan e Dimethyl sec-butylisobutylmethan CH3 H3C CH2 CH C CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 2,4,4,5-tetramethylheptan Cho biết pp điều chế a b H3C CH2 CH2 I H3C C CH2 CH3 O c CaC2 H2O HC CH 2Na 2NaI H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 n-hexan Zn-Hg/HCl hoaëc H2N NH2/HO H2 Pd/BaSO4 H3C CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 n-butan HCl H3C CH2 Cl Na H3C CH2 CH2 CH3 7 d CH3CH2CH3 Cl2 as CH3CHCH3 Mg/ether khan CH3CHCH3 Cl MgCl 600 C H2C CH2 H2O/H+ CH 3CH O + CH 3CHCH + MgCl CH3CH2OH CuO/t o CH3CH O H2O/H+ CH 3CH OMgCl H 3C CH CH CH 3CH OH H 3C CH CH + PCl5 CH 3CH O CH CH CH CH CH CH Na CH 3CH Cl H 3C CH CH CH CH CH CH 2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexan 8 Nhaän xét bổ túc thêm sp p/ứ điều chế n-pentan dựa p/ứ sau: H3C CH2 I + H3C CH2 CH2 I 2Na 2NaI H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C CH2 CH2 CH3 9 Dựa vào p/ứ Wurtz điều chế chất a H3C CH CH2 Br CH3 b H3C CH Cl H3C CH CH2 CH2 CH CH3 CH3 + Cl CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 C Br CH3 2Na 2NaCl H3C CH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 2,3-dimethylpentan CH3 H 3C CH3 isopropylisobutylmetan CH3 c 2Na 2NaI CH3 CH3 2Na 2NaCl H3C CH2 C C CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 3,3,4,4-tetramethylhexan 10 d H3C CH2 Cl + Cl CH CH2 CH3 CH3 2Na 2NaCl H3C CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 3-methylpentan e H3C CH Cl CH3 + Cl CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 2Na 2NaCl H3C CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 2-methylhexan 11 10 Cho biết số đồng phân monochloro có p/ứ chlor với: H3C CH3 Cl2/as ethan H3C CH2 Cl H3C CH2 CH2 CH3 Cl2/as n-butan H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl H3C CH CH2 CH3 Cl H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 n-pentan Cl2/as H3C CH CH2 CH2 CH3 Cl H3C CH2 CH CH2 CH3 Cl 12 10 H3C CH CH2 CH2 Cl CH3 H3C CH CH CH3 H3C CH CH2 CH3 CH3 isopentan Cl2/as CH3 Cl Cl H3C C CH2 CH3 CH3 H3C CH CH2 CH3 CH2 Cl 13 11 Dựa vào p/ứ Wurtz điều chế 3,4-dimethylhexan từ RX nào? RX thích hợp H3C CH2 CH Cl CH3 Sec-butylchlorid 2Na 2NaCl H3C CH2 CH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 3,4-dimethylhexan 14 12 Chuyeån isobutylchlorid thành hydrocarbon no với a Cùng số carbon H3C CH CH2 Cl H2/Ni CH3 H3C CH CH3 CH3 KOH/alcol H3C C CH2 H2/Ni CH3 b.Với số carbon gấp đôi H3C CH CH2 Cl CH3 2Na 2NaCl H3C CH CH2 CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH3 15 12 c Với số carbon giaûm H 3C CH CH Cl KOH/alcol CH3 H3C C CH2 [O] CrO3 CH3 CH3 C CH O Zn Hg/HCl NaOH H3C CH CH2 OH CH CH3 CH2 CH3 [O] KMnO4 H3C CH COOH CH3 NaOH (rắ n) t o 16 13 Điều chế ethan từ: a Ethylbromid CH3 CH2 Br KOH/alcol H2C CH2 H2/Ni H3C CH3 b Acid acetic CH3COOH LiAlH4 O CH3CH2OH H2SO4/180 C H2C CH2 H2/Ni H3C CH3 c Từ chất vô CaC2 H2O HC CH H2/Ni H3C CH3 17 14 Xác đònh tác nhân thích hợp cho p/ứ CH3CH2COOH CH3CH2COOH CH3(CH2)16COOH CH3(CH2)16COOH NaOH rắ n,t NaOH điện phân NaOH rắ n,t o NaOH điện phân o CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3(CH2)15CH3 CH3(CH2)32CH3 18